DE3025756A1 - Electromagnetic torque to revolution converter - has two stators mutually controlled by positional element to regulate torque transfer to off-drive shaft, esp. for hybrid power vehicles - Google Patents

Electromagnetic torque to revolution converter - has two stators mutually controlled by positional element to regulate torque transfer to off-drive shaft, esp. for hybrid power vehicles

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Publication number
DE3025756A1
DE3025756A1 DE19803025756 DE3025756A DE3025756A1 DE 3025756 A1 DE3025756 A1 DE 3025756A1 DE 19803025756 DE19803025756 DE 19803025756 DE 3025756 A DE3025756 A DE 3025756A DE 3025756 A1 DE3025756 A1 DE 3025756A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
phase
electromagnetic torque
torque
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DE19803025756
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German (de)
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Georg Dipl Ing Hienz
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19803025756 priority Critical patent/DE3025756A1/en
Publication of DE3025756A1 publication Critical patent/DE3025756A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The converter i.e. battery and fuel engine powered is designed to simplify the drive transmission and thus the three-phase current sync machine is coupled to a first magnet wheel rotor (PL1) torsion resistantly mounted on the drive shaft (1) and to a stator (ST1) with the three-phase or multi-phase stator winding (SW1). A second magnet wheel rotor (PL2) having the same number of poles as the first rotor (PL1) is mounted on the shaft (1). An additional stator (ST3) is provided and has a three- or multi-phase winding (SW3) that conforms with the stator (ST1) in respect of phase-number and number of poles. An intermediate rotor (ZL) is torsion resistantly connected to the off-drive shaft (2). Both stators (ST1,ST3), are mutually restricted in their rotation about their common axis by means of a positional control (SM) so as to control the torque to be transmitted onto the off-drive shaft (2).

Description

ELEKTROMAGNETISCHER DREHMOMENT-DREHZAHL-WANDLERELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE-SPEED CONVERTER

INSBESONDERE FORHYBRIDFAHRZEUGE.IN PARTICULAR FORHYBRID VEHICLES.

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektromagnetischen Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler, insbesondere für Hybridfahrzeuge in der Ausgestaltung, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Ein derartiger Wandler ist beschrieben in der Elektrotechnischen Zeitschrift, ETZ-A Bd. 94 (1973) H.ll, Seite 653 ff. Die Wandlereinheit umfaßt dort ein Schaltgetriebe und ein zusätzliches Differentialgetriebe, welches mit einem Verbrennungsmotor verbunden ist. Die Verbindungswelle mit dem Verbrennungsmotor ist über ein Zahnradgetriebe mit festem Obersetzungsverhältnis mit einem Schwungrad verbunden. Ein Ausgang des Differential getriebes treibt über ein weiteres Zahnradgetriebe mit festem Obersetzungsverhältnis eine Gleichstrommaschine an, welche an einen Batteriespeicher angeschlossen ist.The invention relates to an electromagnetic torque-speed converter, in particular for hybrid vehicles in the configuration according to the preamble of Claim 1. Such a converter is described in electrical engineering Journal, ETZ-A Vol. 94 (1973) H.ll, page 653 ff. The converter unit includes there a manual transmission and an additional differential gear, which with a Internal combustion engine is connected. The connecting shaft with the internal combustion engine is via a gear train with a fixed ratio with a flywheel tied together. An output of the differential gear drives through another gear drive with a fixed transmission ratio to a direct current machine, which is connected to a battery storage connected.

Ein 2. Ausgang des zusätzlichen Differentialgetriebes ist über das Schaltgetriebe mit dem Differentialgetriebe der Antriebsräder des Fahrzeugs verbunden. Der bekannte Hybridantrieb erfordert aufwendige Getriebeverbindungen; infolge der festgelegten Drehzahlen der Antriebsübertragung zu den Energiespeichern ergibt sich eine unerwünschte enge Abhängigkeit zwischen der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors und der des Schwungrades. Für die Ladung bzw. Entladung der Batterie ist eine Gleichstrommaschine mit den bekannten Nachteilen erforderlich.A second output of the additional differential gear is via the Manual gearbox connected to the differential gear of the vehicle's drive wheels. The known hybrid drive requires complex gear connections; as a result of defined speeds of the drive transmission to the energy storage results an undesirable close dependency between the speed of the internal combustion engine and that of the flywheel. A DC machine is used to charge or discharge the battery with the known disadvantages required.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen elektromagnetischen Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler zu schaffen,-der einen weitgehend verschleißfreien Einsatz, insbesondere bei Hybridfahrzeugen, und eine Vereinfachung der Antriebsübertragung auf seiten des Hybridfahrzeugs, ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object of an electromagnetic To create a torque-speed converter, - the largely wear-free use, especially in hybrid vehicles, and a simplification of the drive transmission on the part of the hybrid vehicle.

Dabei sollen die Energiespeicher weitgehend unabhängig von der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors und der Betriebsart des Fahrzeuges arbeiten können.The energy storage should be largely independent of the speed of the internal combustion engine and the operating mode of the vehicle.

Diese Aufgabe wird, gemäß dem Vorschlag der Erfindung, durch die Kombination der Merkmale a - f gelöst. Diese Merkmalskombination, welche Bauelemente eines Wandlers umfaßt, ist für sich erfinderisch, d. h. sie kann für Hybridfahrzeuge, aber auch zum Antrieb anderer Fahrzeuge, welche keine Energiespeicher aufweisen, wie Schiffe oder schwere Landfahrzeuge, aber auch bei PKW's, eingesetzt werden.According to the proposal of the invention, this object is achieved by the combination of features a - f solved. This combination of features, which components of a converter includes is inventive in itself, i. H. but it can also be used for hybrid vehicles to drive other vehicles that do not have energy storage, such as ships or heavy land vehicles, but also in cars.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß sämtliche mechanischen Fahrzeuggetriebe ersetzt werden durch eine bestimmte Kombination elektrischer Maschinen, die zum Teil in anderem Zusammenhang bekannt sind.A major advantage of the invention is that all mechanical vehicle transmissions can be replaced by a certain combination electrical Machines, some of which are known in a different context.

Hierzu zählt beispielsweise der bekannte Doppelständermotor nach Charles Bradley (Archiv für Elektrotechnik, XXVII. Band, 1933, 12.Heft, Seite 813 ff). Diese Maschine besteht aus zwei, nebeneinander angeordneten Ständern und zwei, auf derselben Welle angeordneten Läufern, die eine gemeinsame Kurzschlußwicklung besitzen. Eine Verdrehung des einen Ständers gegenüber dem anderen ermöglicht eine Drehzahlsteuerung bei Drehstromeinspeisung mit fester Frequenz.This includes, for example, the well-known double column motor according to Charles Bradley (Electrical Engineering Archives, Volume XXVII, 1933, Issue 12, page 813 ff). These The machine consists of two columns arranged next to each other and two on the same Shaft arranged rotors, which have a common short-circuit winding. One Rotation of one stand relative to the other enables speed control with three-phase supply with a fixed frequency.

Schließlich sind Doppelläufermotoren bekannt (Rudolf Richter, Elektrische Maschinen, Bd IV, 1954, Verlag Birkhäuser, Basel/Stuttgart, Seite 332 ff).Finally, double-rotor motors are known (Rudolf Richter, Elektro Maschinen, Vol IV, 1954, Verlag Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart, page 332 ff).

Es handelt sich um Motoren mit Zwischenläufern, bei denen 2 Motore übereinander angeordnet werden oder mit Tandemanordnung, bei der die beiden Motoren nebeneinander angeordnet werden. Die bekannten Doppelläufermotoren wurden ursprünglich zur Erzeugung hoher Drehzahlen verwendet.These are motors with intermediate rotors with 2 motors be arranged one above the other or in tandem, in which the two motors be arranged side by side. The well-known double-rotor motors were originally used to generate high speeds.

Die Erfindung, gemäß Patentanspruch 1, schafft einen Fahrzeugantrieb, der ohne mechanisches Getriebe auskommt. Zudem ist der erfindungsgemäbe Wandler praktisch wartungsfrei, bedingt durch den ausschließlichen Einsatz kollektorloser elektrischer Maschinen. Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Wandlers besteht darin, daß er eine kontinuierliche Regelung der Antriebsdrehzahl bei beliebigen Drehmomenten, ermöglicht. Dabei kann die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors konstant gehalten werden, was eine hohe Energieausnutzung bewirkt. Bei einem Hybridfahrzeug können die Energieflüsse zu den Wandler- und Speichereinfieiten auf einfache Weise so gesteuert werden, daß Leistungsüberschüsse auf seiten des Verbrennungsmotors einerseits, die vorhandene Speicherenergie andererseits, optimal ausnutzbar sind , da die Einbindung der Speicher an den Wandler über eine elektrische Verbindung erfolgt. Hinzu kommt die Möglichkeit der Einflußnahme auf die elektrischen Leistungsdaten durch die Anwendung eines Prozeßrechners, welcher den momentanen Leistungsbedarf des Fahrzeuges unter Berücksichtigung des Zustandes der Speicher it den Leistungsdaten des Verbrennungsmotors abstimmt.The invention, according to claim 1, creates a vehicle drive, which works without a mechanical transmission. In addition, the converter according to the invention is practically maintenance-free, due to the exclusive use of brushless electrical machines. There is a particular advantage of the converter according to the invention in that he has a continuous control of the drive speed at any Torques, allows. The speed of the internal combustion engine can be constant be held, which causes a high energy efficiency. In a hybrid vehicle the energy flows to the converter and storage inlets can be easily controlled be controlled so that power surpluses on the part of the internal combustion engine on the one hand, the existing storage energy on the other hand, can be optimally exploited , because the storage unit is connected to the converter via an electrical connection he follows. In addition, there is the possibility of influencing the electrical performance data through the use of a process computer, which the current power requirement of the vehicle taking into account the state of the memory and the performance data of the internal combustion engine.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 " 6.Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the subclaims 2 "6.

Im folgenden werden mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Es zeigt Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines Wandlers, Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Wandlers, Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Wandlers, Fig 4 einen Wandler gemäß Fig. 1 mit weiteren Komponenten für den Antrieb eines Hybridfahrzeugs und Fig. 5 ein Blockschaltbild einer Steuereinheit mit Prozeßrechner, für ein Hybridfahrzeug.In the following, several exemplary embodiments of the invention are based on described in the drawing. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a transducer, FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of a Converter, FIG. 3 a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of a converter, 4 shows a converter according to FIG. 1 with further components for driving a Hybrid vehicle and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a control unit with process computer, for a hybrid vehicle.

Gemäß Figur 1 sitzen auf einer Antriebswelle 1 zwei Polradläufer PL1, PL2, welche über Schleifringe 3 fremderregt werden. Bei größeren Leistungen kann die Erregung über schleifringlose Erregermaschinen erfolgen. Der erste der beiden Polradläufer PL1 bildet mit einem Ständer STl eine drei- oder mehrphasige Synchronmaschine.According to FIG. 1, two pole wheel rotors PL1 sit on a drive shaft 1, PL2, which are externally excited via slip rings 3. In the case of greater achievements excitation takes place via excitation machines without slip rings. The first of the two Pole wheel rotor PL1 forms a three-phase or multi-phase synchronous machine with a stator ST1.

Ein mit der Abtriebswelle 2 drehfest verbundener Zwischenläufer ZL besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei Blechpaketen ZL2, ZL3, welche konzentrisch angeordnet sind. Das äußere Blechpaket ZL3 ist mit dem Paket eines weiteren Ständers ST3, das innere Blechpaket ZL2 des Zwischenläufers ZL mit dem zweiten der beiden Polradläufer PL2 magnetisch verkoppelt. Die beiden Blechpakete ZL2 u. ZL3 des Zwischenläufers ZL tragen ein- und dieselbe Kurzschlußwicklung KW . Die Führung der einzelnen Wicklungsstränge erfolgt durch entsprechende, im tragenden Teil des Zwischenläufers ZL vorgesehene Uffnungen 4 Die beiden Ständerwicklungen SW1., SW3sind über eine flexible elektrische Verbindung FV miteinander vorbunden. Voraussetzung dafür ist, daß die Phasenzahl der beiden Wicklungen gleich ist. Für den Betrieb des Wandlers in einem günstigen Betriebsbereich ist es vorteilhaft, daß die beiden Polradläufer PL1, PL2 und die beiden Ständerwicklungen SW2, SW3 alle die gleiche Polzahl aufweisen.An intermediate rotor ZL connected to the output shaft 2 in a rotationally fixed manner consists essentially of two laminated cores ZL2, ZL3, which are arranged concentrically are. The outer laminated core ZL3 is with the package of another stator ST3, the inner laminated core ZL2 of the intermediate rotor ZL with the second of the two pole wheel rotors PL2 magnetically coupled. The two sheet stacks ZL2 and ZL3 of the intermediate runner ZL carry one and the same short-circuit winding KW. The guidance of the individual winding strands takes place by means of corresponding ones provided in the supporting part of the intermediate runner ZL Openings 4 The two stator windings SW1., SW3 are via a flexible electrical Pre-tied connection FV to one another. The prerequisite for this is that the number of phases of the two windings is the same. For operating the converter in a cheap Operating range, it is advantageous that the two pole wheel rotors PL1, PL2 and the both stator windings SW2, SW3 all have the same number of poles.

Der Ständer ST1 der Synchronmaschine, sowie der weitere Ständer ST3 sind fest angeordnet, können jedoch mittels eines Stellgliedes SM um ihre gemeinsame Achse gegeneinander verdreht werden. Der Verdrehwinkel ist begrenzt, er ist zweckmäßig etwas größer als die Pol teilung der Ständerwicklungen. Das Stellglied umfaßt einen Stellmotor 5 mit einem auf seiner Welle 6 fliegend befestigtem Ritzel 7, welches in zwei Zahnkränze 10 an den jeweiligen Stirnseiten der beiden Ständergehäuse 8, 9 eingreift.The stator ST1 of the synchronous machine, as well as the further stator ST3 are fixedly arranged, but can by means of an actuator SM to their common Axis are rotated against each other. The angle of rotation is limited, it is useful slightly larger than the pole pitch of the stator windings. The actuator includes a Servomotor 5 with a pinion 7 fixed overhung on its shaft 6, which in two ring gears 10 on the respective end faces of the two stator housings 8, 9 intervenes.

Der Wandler gemäß Figur 2 unterscheidet sich von dem der Figur 1 nur durch einen anderen konstruktiven Aufbau. Im Gegensatz zu der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführung sind hier die beiden Blechpakete ZL2, ZL3 des Zwischenläufers axial gegeneinander versetzt. Dadurch ergibt sich auch ein axialer Versatz zwischen dem zweiten Polradläufer PL2 und dem weiteren Ständer ST3.The converter according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 only by a different structural design. In contrast to that shown in FIG Execution here are the two laminated cores ZL2, ZL3 of the intermediate rotor axially against each other offset. This also results in an axial offset between the second rotor PL2 and the additional stand ST3.

Diese Ausführungsvariante zeichnet sich durch einen geringeren Durchmesser, bei größerer axialer Länge aus. Die Kurzschlußwicklung KW des Zwischenläufers ZL übernimmt gleichzeitig die mechaniche Übertragung des Drehmomentes zwischen den beiden Blechpaketen ZL2, ZL3 des Zwischenläufers und verleiht diesem die erforderliche Steifigkeit.This variant is characterized by a smaller diameter, with greater axial length. The short-circuit winding KW of the intermediate rotor ZL takes over the mechanical transmission of the torque between the two sheet metal stacks ZL2, ZL3 of the intermediate runner and gives this the required Stiffness.

Im übrigen sind die funktionsgleichen Bauteile wie in Figur 1 bezeichnet.Otherwise, the functionally identical components are designated as in FIG.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Scheibenläufer-Ausführungsvariante des im übrigen wie oben beschriebenen aufgebauten Wandlers, wobei die Polradläufer PL1, PL2 mit permanentmagnetischer Erregung versehen sind. Die gegenseitige Verdrehung der Ständer ST1, ST3 erfolgt auch bei dieser Ausführungsvariante über ein (in Fig. 3 nicht dargeestelltes) Stellglied, welches die beiden Ständergehäuse 8, 9 gegeneinander um die gemeinsame Achse verdreht.Figure 3 shows a disc armature variant of the rest converter constructed as described above, the pole wheel rotors PL1, PL2 with permanent magnetic excitation are provided. The mutual twisting of the stands ST1, ST3 also take place in this embodiment variant via a (not shown in Fig. 3) Actuator, which the two stator housings 8, 9 against each other around the common Axis twisted.

Diese Ausführungsvariante hat den Vorteil einer kompakten Bauweise, besonders in axialer Richtung.This variant has the advantage of a compact design, especially in the axial direction.

Figur 4 zeigt den in Figur 1 dargestellten Wandler zusammen mit den übrigen Komponenten eines Hybridfahrzeug-Antriebs. Dabei ist die Antriebswelle 1 des Wandlers über eine mechanische Kupplung KU mit der Welle 11 des Verbrennungsmotors VM verbunden. Die Wandler-Abtriebswelle 2 ist mit dem Fahrzeug-Differentialgetriebe DG verbunden, welches seinerseits die Räder AR1 und AR2 des Fahrzeuges antreibt.Figure 4 shows the converter shown in Figure 1 together with the other components of a hybrid vehicle drive. The drive shaft is 1 of the converter via a mechanical coupling KU to the shaft 11 of the internal combustion engine VM connected. The converter output shaft 2 is connected to the vehicle differential gear DG connected, which in turn drives the wheels AR1 and AR2 of the vehicle.

An die miteinander verbundenen beiden Ständerwicklungen SW1, SW3 des Wandlers sind die Energiespeicher des Hybridfahrzeuges angeschlossen, wobei ein Batteriespeicher BSp über einen statischen Drehstromsteller DS und ein aus einem Schwungrad bestehender Gyrospeicher GSp über eine Synchronmaschine SY und einen Direktumrichter DU angeschlossen sind. Die Fremderregung der beiden Polradläufer des Wandlers erfolgt über Schleifringe 3 und am Batterienetz angeschlossenen Gleichstromstellern GS1, GS2.To the interconnected two stator windings SW1, SW3 des Converter are connected to the energy storage of the hybrid vehicle, with a Battery storage BSp via a static three-phase power controller DS and one from one Flywheel existing gyro storage GSp via a synchronous machine SY and a Direct converter DU are connected. The external excitation of the two pole wheel rotors of the converter takes place via slip rings 3 and DC converters connected to the battery network GS1, GS2.

Figur 5 zeigt eine Steuerungsmöglichkeit des Hybridfahrzeuges mittels eines Prozessrechners. Die vom Fahrer eingegebenen Werte "Stellung Gaspedal", "Stellung Bremspedal" und "Betriebsart" werden zusammen mit den Systemgrößen Drehzahl Verbrennungsmotor", Drehzahl Differentialgetriebe","Ladezustand Batterie" und "Drehzahl Gyrospeicher" in den Rechner eingegeben, der seinerseits die optimalen Werte für die Ausgangsgrößen "Erregung Polradläufer 1", "Erregung Polradläufer 2", "Verstellwinkel zwischen den beiden Ständern", "Treibstsffzufuhr", "Batterie-Strom", "Motorstrom Gyrospeicher","Mechanische Bremse" und "Kupplung" ermittelt.Figure 5 shows a control option of the hybrid vehicle by means of a process computer. The values "accelerator pedal position", "position" entered by the driver Brake pedal "and" operating mode "are used together with the system variables internal combustion engine speed", Differential gear speed "," State of charge battery "and" Gyro memory speed " entered into the computer, which in turn determines the optimal values for the output variables "Excitation pole wheel rotor 1", "Excitation pole wheel rotor 2", "Adjustment angle between the both stands "," Fuel supply "," Battery power "," Motor power gyro storage "," Mechanical Brake "and" clutch "determined.

Darüberhinaus können weitere Einflußgrößen berücksichtigt werden.In addition, other influencing factors can be taken into account.

Die Wandlerfunktion stimmt für die in den Fig. 1 u. 2 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele überein; für Fig. 3 ergibt sich die Abweichung, daß anstelle der steuerbaren Fremderregung der Polradläufer PL1, PL2, deren Erregung durch Permanentmagnete tritt.The converter function is correct for those described in FIGS Embodiments match; for Fig. 3 there is the difference that instead of the controllable external excitation of the pole wheel rotors PL1, PL2, their excitation by permanent magnets occurs.

Das Abtriebsmoment setzt sich aus den beiden Drehmomenten der Zwischenläufer-Blechpakete ZL3, ZL2 zusammen. Jedes dieser Drehmomente ist proportional dem Produkt Feldstärke x Strom. Die Feldstärke im Luftspalt 12 zwischen Ständer ST3 und dem Zwischenläufer ZL kann durch die Höhe der Spannung der Ständerwicklung SW3, d. h. durch die Erregung des ersten Polradläufers PL1 gesteuert werden. Die Feldstärke im Luftspalt 13 zwischen dem zweiten Polradläufer PL2 und dem Zwischenläufer ZL kann durch die Erregung des zweiten Polradläufers PL2 gesteuert werden. In den beiden Luftspalten 12, 13 laufen zwei Drehfelder gleicher Polzahl mit der gleichen Drehzahl, entsprechend der Antriebsdrehzahl, um. Diese Drehfelder erzeugen in der gemeinsamen Zwischenläufer-Kurzschlußwicklung KW jeweils eine Wechselspannung. Durch Verdrehen der beiden Ständer wird die Position der beiden Drehfelder zueinander verstellt und damit die Phasenlage der beiden in der Kurzschlußwicklung KW induzierten Wechselspannungen. Der Strom in der Kurzschlußwicklung KW wird durch die vektorielle Summe der beiden Wechselspannungen bestimmt.The output torque is made up of the two torques of the intermediate laminated cores ZL3, ZL2 together. Each of these torques is proportional to the product field strength x current. The field strength in the air gap 12 between the stator ST3 and the intermediate runner ZL can be determined by the voltage level of the stator winding SW3, i. H. by the excitement of the first rotor PL1 can be controlled. The field strength in the air gap 13 between the second rotor PL2 and the intermediate rotor ZL can by the excitation of the second pole wheel rotor PL2 are controlled. Run in the two air gaps 12, 13 two rotating fields with the same number of poles at the same speed, corresponding to the drive speed, around. These rotating fields generate in the common intermediate short-circuit winding KW an alternating voltage each. By twisting the two stands, the position of the two rotating fields are adjusted to each other and thus the phase position of the two in the short-circuit winding KW induced alternating voltages. The current in the short-circuit winding KW is determined by the vector sum of the two alternating voltages.

Durch Verdrehen der beiden Ständer zueinander kann demnach der Strom im Zwischenläufer verändert werden. Das Abtriebsdrehmoment kann demnach durch geeignetes Verändern der drei Größen - Erregung des Polradläufers PL1 - Erregung des Polradläufers PL2 und - Verstellwinkel zwischen den beiden Ständern ST1, ST3 so gesteuert werden, daß der Strom in der Kurzschlußwicklung KW einen bestimmten Maximalwert nie überschreitet und die Verluste der Maschine den kleinsten ert annehmen.By rotating the two stands relative to each other, the current can can be changed in the intermediate run. The output torque can therefore by suitable Changing the three variables - excitation of the pole wheel rotor PL1 - excitation of the pole wheel rotor PL2 and - the angle of adjustment between the two uprights ST1, ST3 are controlled in such a way that that the current in the short-circuit winding KW never exceeds a certain maximum value and the losses of the machine assume the smallest amount.

Für den Anwendungsfall "Hybridantriebe" kann über die elektrische Verbindung FV elektrische Leistung zusätzlich entnommen oder eingespeist werden und können ein oder mehrere geeignete Energiespeicher betrieben werden. Infolge ihrer Anbindung an die Ständerwicklungen und der hohen Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors VM fließt in der Leitung FV ein Strom mit hoher und relativ konstanter Frequenz. Dies ermöglicht die Auswahl und begünstigt die Auslegung des Direktumrichters DU für den Gyrospeicher GSp und dessen Betrieb über eine kollektorlose Synchronmaschine SY, sowie des Drehstromstelier DS für den Batteriespeicher BSp.For the "hybrid drives" application, the electrical Connection FV electrical power can also be withdrawn or fed in and one or more suitable energy stores can be operated. As a result their connection to the stator windings and the high speed of the internal combustion engine VM flows in the line FV a current with a high and relatively constant frequency. This enables selection and benefits the design of the DU direct converter for the gyro storage GSp and its operation via a brushless synchronous machine SY, as well as the three-phase current studio DS for the battery storage BSp.

Wird die Kupplung KU gelöst 3 so kann der Verbrennungsmotor abgestellt werden und das Fahrzeug über die Speicher emissionsfrei betrieben werden.If the clutch KU is released 3, the internal combustion engine can be switched off and the vehicle can be operated emission-free via the storage system.

Wird das Fahrzeug abgebremst oder der Verbrennungsmotor auf einem im Vergleich zur momentanen Betriebsart höheren Leistungsniveau betrieben, so kann die nicht gebrauchte Leistung zum Laden der Speicher verwendet werden. Zur Optimierung dieser Energieflüsse ist der Einsatz eines Rechners zweckmaßig.Is the vehicle braked or the combustion engine on a operated at a higher level of performance compared to the current operating mode, so can the unused power can be used to charge the memory. To optimize of these energy flows, the use of a computer is expedient.

LeerseiteBlank page

Claims (6)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Elektromagnetischer Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler, insbesondere für Hybridfahrzeuge, welcher zwischen einer mechanischen Antriebsverbindung zu einem Verbrennungsmotor und einer mechanischen Abtri.ebsverbindung zu den anzutreibenden Rädern des Fahrzeuges angeordnet ist und eine Verbindung zu einem oder mehreren Energiespeichern, wie ein Batteriespeicher oder ein elektrisch angetriebener Schwungradspeicher, aufweist, wobei der Wandler durch die folgenden Merkmale gekennzeichnet ist: a) Drehstrom-Synchronmaschine mit einem auf der Antriebswelle (1) drehfest angeordneten ersten Polradläufer (PL1) und einem Ständer (ST1) mit drei- oder mehrphasiger Ständerwicklung (SW1); b) zweiter auf der Antriebswelle (1) drehfest angeordneter Polradläufer (PL2), dessen Polzahl mit der des ersten Polradläufers (PL1) übereinstimmt; c) weiterer Ständer (ST3) mit drei- oder mehrphasiger Ständerwicklung (SW3), der hinsichtlich Phasenzahl und Polzahl mit dem Ständer (ST1) der Drehstrom-Synchronmaschine (Merkmal a) übereinstimmt; d) mit der Abtriebswelle (2) drehfest verbundener Zwischenläufer (ZL), bestehend im wesentlichen aus zwei Blechpaketen (ZL2, ZL3) mit einer gemeinsamen Kurzschlußwicklung (KW), wobei eines der Blechpakete (ZL3) mit dem weiteren Ständer (ST3), das andere (ZL2) mit dem zweiten Polradläufer (PL2) magnetisch verkoppelt ist; e) mit den Wicklungen (SW1, SW3) der beiden Ständer (ST1, ST3) verschaltete drei- oder mehrphasige flexible elektrische Verbindung (FV); f) die beiden Ständer (ST1, ST3) sind, zum Zwecke der Steuerung des auf die Abtriebswelle (2) zu übertragenden Drehmomentes mittels eines Stellgliedes (SM) um ihre gemeinsame Achse, gegenseitig begrenzt verdrehbar. PATENT CLAIMS 1. Electromagnetic torque-speed converter, especially for hybrid vehicles, which is between a mechanical drive connection to an internal combustion engine and a mechanical output connection to the ones to be driven Wheels of the vehicle is arranged and a connection to one or more Energy storage, such as a battery storage or an electrically powered flywheel storage, has, wherein the converter is characterized by the following features: a) Three-phase synchronous machine with a rotatably arranged on the drive shaft (1) first rotor (PL1) and a stator (ST1) with three or more phase stator winding (SW1); b) second rotor (PL2) rotatably arranged on the drive shaft (1), whose number of poles corresponds to that of the first rotor (PL1); c) further Stator (ST3) with three- or multi-phase stator winding (SW3), which with regard to Number of phases and number of poles with the stator (ST1) of the three-phase synchronous machine (feature a) matches; d) Intermediate rotor rotatably connected to the output shaft (2) (ZL), consisting essentially of two sheet metal stacks (ZL2, ZL3) with a common one Short-circuit winding (KW), one of the laminated cores (ZL3) with the other stator (ST3), the other (ZL2) is magnetically coupled to the second rotor (PL2) is; e) interconnected with the windings (SW1, SW3) of the two stator (ST1, ST3) three or more phase flexible electrical connection (FV); f) the two stands (ST1, ST3) are for the purpose of controlling the to be transmitted to the output shaft (2) Torque by means of an actuator (SM) around their common axis, mutually rotatable to a limited extent. 2. Elektromagnetischer Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Polradläufer (PL1, PL2) fremderregt sind und deren Erregung in Abstimmung mit der gegenseitigen Verdrehung der beiden Ständer (ST1, ST3) zur Steuerung des Drehmomentes der Abtriebswelle veränderbar sind.2. Electromagnetic torque-speed converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the two rotor rotors (PL1, PL2) are separately excited and their excitation in coordination with the mutual rotation of the two stands (ST1, ST3) can be changed to control the torque of the output shaft. 3. Elektromagnetischer Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Polradläufer (PL1, PL2) eine permanentmagnetische Erregung aufweisen.3. Electromagnetic torque-speed converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the two rotor rotors (PL1, PL2) have a permanent magnet Show excitement. 4. Elektromagnetischer Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der elektrischen Verbindung (FV) der beiden Ständerwicklungen (SWl, SW3) der oder die energieaufnehmenden oder an den Wandler abgebenden Energiespeicher angeschlossen sind.4. Electromagnetic torque-speed converter according to one of the Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that at the electrical connection (FV) of the two stator windings (SW1, SW3) or the energy-absorbing or on energy storage devices emitting the converter are connected. 5. Elektromagnetischer Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Batteriespeicher (BSp) über einen statischen Drehstromsteller (DS) angeschlossen ist.5. Electromagnetic torque-speed converter according to claim 4, characterized in that a battery store (BSp) has a static three-phase current controller (DS) is connected. 6. Elektromagnetischer Drehmoment-Drehzahl-Wandler nach Anspruch 4, daduch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Schwungrad (GSp) mit einer drei- oder mehrphasigen Synchronmaschine (SY) direkt mechanisch gekoppelt ist, welche über einen Direktumrichter (DU) an die elektrische Verbindung (FV) angeschlossen ist.6. Electromagnetic torque-speed converter according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that a flywheel (GSp) with a three- or multi-phase Synchronous machine (SY) is directly mechanically coupled, which is via a direct converter (DU) is connected to the electrical connection (FV).
DE19803025756 1980-07-08 1980-07-08 Electromagnetic torque to revolution converter - has two stators mutually controlled by positional element to regulate torque transfer to off-drive shaft, esp. for hybrid power vehicles Withdrawn DE3025756A1 (en)

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EP0743211A2 (en) * 1995-05-19 1996-11-20 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid vehicle power output apparatus and method of controlling the same at engine idle
EP0743214A3 (en) * 1995-05-19 1998-04-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid vehicle power output apparatus and method of controlling same for overdrive operation
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US5988307A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-11-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power transmission apparatus, four-wheel drive vehicle with power transmission apparatus incorporated therein, method of transmitting power, and method of four-wheel driving
US5909094A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-06-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same
US5905346A (en) * 1995-05-19 1999-05-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same
EP0743213A3 (en) * 1995-05-19 1998-08-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid vehicle power output apparatus and method of controlling the same in revers drive
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US5804934A (en) * 1995-05-19 1998-09-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same
US5791426A (en) * 1995-11-06 1998-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same
EP0771687A1 (en) * 1995-11-06 1997-05-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same
FR2745243A1 (en) * 1996-02-28 1997-08-29 Renault Hybrid electric vehicle with electromagnetic coupler between motors
EP0856427A1 (en) * 1996-07-30 1998-08-05 Denso Corporation Hybrid car controller
EP0856427A4 (en) * 1996-07-30 2000-04-26 Denso Corp Hybrid car controller
EP0828340A3 (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-06-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus
US5998901A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-12-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power output apparatus
WO1998040958A1 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-17 Horst Dambach Electronically controlled electrical machine
DE19739906A1 (en) * 1997-09-11 1999-03-18 Peter Prof Dr Ing Tenberge Continuous motor vehicle transmission
EP2086781A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2009-08-12 Byd Company Limited Hybrid power output system
EP2086781A4 (en) * 2006-12-08 2010-09-08 Byd Co Ltd Hybrid power output system
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US8167063B2 (en) 2006-12-27 2012-05-01 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Power plant
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DE102007001828A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-17 Siemens Ag Transmission device for internal combustion engines to drive automobiles or diesel engines, ships and hybrid vehicles, has control device for excitation of windings, such that torque transmission is generated between rotor windings
WO2015051072A1 (en) 2013-10-02 2015-04-09 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Regenerative differential powertrain with vibration absorption and isolation
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