DE4011108A1 - Shock wave focussing equipment - uses acoustic lens with index of refraction not constant in peripheral direction - Google Patents

Shock wave focussing equipment - uses acoustic lens with index of refraction not constant in peripheral direction

Info

Publication number
DE4011108A1
DE4011108A1 DE19904011108 DE4011108A DE4011108A1 DE 4011108 A1 DE4011108 A1 DE 4011108A1 DE 19904011108 DE19904011108 DE 19904011108 DE 4011108 A DE4011108 A DE 4011108A DE 4011108 A1 DE4011108 A1 DE 4011108A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lens
refraction
index
constant
peripheral direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19904011108
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE4011108C2 (en
Inventor
Hans Dipl Phys Dr Lobentanzer
Wolfram Dipl Ing Dr Einars
Hajo Dipl Phys Dr Re Hermeking
Reiner Dipl Phys D Schultheiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH filed Critical Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH
Priority to DE19904011108 priority Critical patent/DE4011108A1/en
Publication of DE4011108A1 publication Critical patent/DE4011108A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4011108C2 publication Critical patent/DE4011108C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/30Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The equipment directs shock-waves into the body of a patient, being particularly for a lithotripter. Even shock-waves are generated, and focussed by a lens (L). An acoustic lens is used, its index of refraction not being constant in the peripheral direction. The lens can be cylindrical, the index of refraction in one lateral direction being double that in a second at right angles to the first. ADVANTAGE - Increased likelihood of hitting the target even with inexact setting.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten von Stoßwellen in den Körpern vom Patienten, insbesondere einen Lithotripter, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Unter Stoßwellen sind hier auch Druckwellen verstanden, deren Intensität für eine therapeutische Wirkung im Körper ausreicht.The invention relates to a device for introducing shock waves into the Bodies from the patient, especially a lithotripter, according to the generic term of claim 1. Shock waves are also understood here as pressure waves, the intensity of which is sufficient for a therapeutic effect in the body.

Zur extrakorporalen Steinzerkleinerung ist es bekannt (DE-OS 37 39 392), ein ebenes Stoßwellenfeld durch eine Linse auf den Stein zu fokussieren. Die Brechkraft der dabei verwendeten Linse ist rotationssymmetrisch, so daß eine ebene akustische Wellenfront durch die Linse auf einen Punkt fokussiert wird. Die geringe laterale Ausdehnung des Brennpunkts erfordert eine relativ genaue Ortung und Justierung des Steines in diesem Brennpunkt. Die Atem­ beweglichkeit des Steines und Justagefehler können dazu führen, daß der Stein nicht getroffen wird, so daß mehrere Stoßwellenapplikationen oder neue Justierungen notwendig werden.For extracorporeal stone crushing it is known (DE-OS 37 39 392), a to focus the flat shock wave field on the stone through a lens. The Refractive power of the lens used is rotationally symmetrical, so that a plane acoustic wavefront is focused on a point by the lens. The small lateral extent of the focal point requires a relative one exact location and adjustment of the stone in this focal point. The breath Movement of the stone and adjustment errors can lead to the Stone is not hit, so multiple shock wave applications or new adjustments become necessary.

Aufgabe der Eerfindung ist es, eine solche Vorrichtung dahingehend zu verbes­ sern, daß die Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit auch bei ungenauer Justierung erhöht wird. The object of the invention is to improve such a device Ensure that the hit probability increases even with inaccurate adjustment becomes.  

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst von einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Ausführungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstände von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a device with the Features of claim 1. Embodiments of the invention are objects of subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist eine Linse auf, die ein nahezu ebenes akustisches Wellenfeld in einen Linienfokus oder in einen Fokus abbildet, dessen Lateraldimensionen unterschiedlich sind. Das heißt, die Ausdehnung des Fokus ist in einer Lateraldimension (z. B. in der Höhe) größer als in der dazu senkrechten Richtung (z. B. in der Breite). Durch die strichförmige Fokus­ sierung ist die Ausdehnung des Fokus, also in einer bestimmten Richtung ver­ größert, wodurch die Justierung des Fokus auf einen Stein in dieser Richtung wesentlich unkritischer wird. Ein Grund für eine verminderte Treffsicherheit kann die Atemmitbewegung der Humankonkremente sein. Mit der Erfindung ist es möglich, die lange Achse des Fokusfeldes in Richtung der Atemver­ schiebungsachse, das heißt in der Regel in die Längsachse des Patienten, zu positionieren.The device according to the invention has a lens that is almost flat maps acoustic wave field into a line focus or into a focus, whose lateral dimensions are different. That is, the expansion the focus is larger in a lateral dimension (e.g. in height) than in that vertical direction (e.g. in width). Through the line-like focus Positioning is the expansion of the focus, i.e. ver in a certain direction magnifies, thereby adjusting the focus on a stone in that direction becomes much less critical. A reason for reduced accuracy can be the breathing movement of the human stones. With the invention it is possible to move the long axis of the focus field in the direction of the respiratory shift axis, that is, usually in the longitudinal axis of the patient position.

Das Prinzip der Erfindung besteht in der Fokussierung eines ebenen akusti­ schen Wellenfelds durch eine nichtrotationssymmetrische Linse, im Grenzfall durch das eindimensionale Analogen zu einer Kugellinse, einer sogenannten Zylinderlinse. Diese Linse ist nur in einer Dimension gekrümmt.The principle of the invention is the focusing of a level acoustic wave field through a non-rotationally symmetrical lens, in the limit case through the one-dimensional analogue to a spherical lens, a so-called Cylindrical lens. This lens is curved in one dimension only.

Im Regelfall, wenn die brechenden Flächen sphärisch ausgeführt sind, ergibt sich die Brennweite der Linse näherungsweise zuAs a rule, if the refractive surfaces are spherical, results the focal length of the lens approximates

mit
f = Brennweite,
n = akustischer Brechungsindex des Linsenmaterials,
R₁, R₂ = Krümmungsradien der vorderen und der hinteren Linsenseite.
With
f = focal length,
n = acoustic refractive index of the lens material,
R₁, R₂ = radii of curvature of the front and rear lens side.

Dabei sind alle Kombinationen von Krümmungsradien erlaubt, also von einer bikonvexen über eine plankonvexe, eine konkavkonvexe, eine plankonkave bis zu einer bikonkaven Linse.All combinations of radii of curvature are allowed, i.e. one biconvex over a plano-convex, a concave-convex, a plano-concave up to a biconcave lens.

Die Brechkraft ergibt sich dann im betrachteten Spezialfall nach obiger Formel in Abhängigkeit davon, ob das Medium eine höhere Schallgeschwindigkeit (z. B. Polystyrol) oder eine geringere Schallgeschwindigkeit (z. B. Silikonkau­ tschuk) als das Umgebungsmedium, in der Regel Wasser, hat.The refractive power then results in the special case under consideration according to the above formula depending on whether the medium has a higher speed of sound (e.g. polystyrene) or a lower speed of sound (e.g. silicone chew Tschuk) as the surrounding medium, usually water.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand von vier Figuren näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by four figures.

Es zeigtIt shows

Fig. 1 schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, Fig. 1 shows schematically an apparatus according to the invention,

Fig. 2, 3 und 4 erfindungsgemäß verwendete Linsen. Fig. 2, 3 and 4, lenses used in the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Stoßwellenquelle S, die ein nahezu ebenes akustisches Wellenfeld aussendet. Dieses gelangt auf die Linse L und wird von dieser auf den Brennpunkt F fokussiert. Da erfindungsgemäß die Linse L in den beiden Lateraldimensionen unterschiedliche Brechkräfte hat, ist der Brennpunkt nicht kreisförmig, sondern hat die Form eines Ovals. In dieser Ausführung ist seine Ausdehnung in der Höhe größer als die in der Breite. Fig. 1 shows schematically a shock wave source S, which emits an almost flat acoustic wave field. This reaches the lens L and is focused by it onto the focal point F. Since the lens L according to the invention has different refractive powers in the two lateral dimensions, the focal point is not circular, but has the shape of an oval. In this version, its height is greater than its width.

Fig. 2 zeigt unterschiedliche Linsen, die für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verwendet werden können. Möglich ist die Verwendung von Fig. 2 shows different lenses that can be used for the device according to the invention. It is possible to use

  • a) bikonvexen Linsen,a) biconvex lenses,
  • b) plankonvexen Linsen,b) plano-convex lenses,
  • c) konkavkonvexen Sammellinsen,c) concave-convex converging lenses,
  • d) bikonkaven Linsen,d) biconcave lenses,
  • e) plankonkaven Linsen unde) plano-concave lenses and
  • f) konkavkonvexen Zerstreuungslinsen.f) concave-convex diverging lenses.

Ob eine Linse als Sammel- oder als Zerstreulinse wirkt, hängt von den Brech­ zahlen des Linsenmaterials und des umgebenden Materials ab.Whether a lens acts as a collecting lens or as a diverging lens depends on the refractor pay off the lens material and the surrounding material.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Linse L und die Zylinderlinse Z in jeweils drei zueinander senk­ recht stehenden Blickrichtungen. Zu erkennen ist, daß die Linse L in einer Richtung eine stärkere Krümmung aufweist, als in der dazu senkrechten Rich­ tung. Die Zylinderlinse Z weist nur in einer Richtung eine Krümmung auf, in der anderen Richtung ist sie eben (Krümmungsradius = ∞). Während die Linse L einen ovalen Brennfleck erzeugt, erzeugt die Zylinderlinse Z aus einem ebenen akustischen Wellenfeld eine Linie. Fig. 3 shows the lens L and the cylindrical lens Z in three directions perpendicular to each other. It can be seen that the lens L has a greater curvature in one direction than in the direction perpendicular thereto. The cylindrical lens Z has a curvature in only one direction, it is flat in the other direction (radius of curvature = ∞). While the lens L creates an oval focal spot, the cylindrical lens Z creates a line from a flat acoustic wave field.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen eignen sich neben der Zerkleinerung von Konkrementen, wie Gallen- oder Nierensteinen, auch für andere Human­ applikationen, wie z. B. die Implantatlockerung mit Stoßwellen oder die Be­ handlung von Knochen. Gerade bei diesen Anwendungen kann ein nicht­ rotationssymmetrischer Fokus günstiger sein als ein kreisförmiger. Zur Be­ handlung langgestreckter Objekte, wie Knochen, eignen sich eine Zylinder­ linse Z besonders.The devices according to the invention are suitable in addition to comminution of concrements, such as gall or kidney stones, also for other human beings applications such as B. the implant loosening with shock waves or the loading act of bones. Especially in these applications, one cannot rotationally symmetrical focus be cheaper than a circular one. For loading elongated objects, such as bones, are suitable for a cylinder lens Z especially.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Kombination aus einer sphärischen Linse L und einer Zylin­ derlinse Z, deren ebene Grenzflächen jeweils aneinanderliegen. Fig. 4 shows a combination of a spherical lens L and a Zylin derlinse Z, the flat interfaces are each adjacent.

Claims (4)

1. Vorrichtung zur Einleitung von Stoßwellen in den Körper von Patienten, insbesondere Lithotripter, wobei im wesentlichen ebene Stoßwellen erzeugt und durch eine Linse (L) fokussiert werden, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer akustischen Linse (L), deren Brechkraft nicht rotationssymmetrisch ist.1. Device for introducing shock waves into the body of patients, in particular lithotripters, wherein essentially flat shock waves are generated and focused by a lens (L), characterized by the use of an acoustic lens (L), the refractive power of which is not rotationally symmetrical. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Linse eine Zylinderlinse (Z) ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the Lens is a cylindrical lens (Z). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brechkraft in einer Lateraldimension doppelt so groß ist wie in der dazu senkrechten Lateraldimension.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the Refractive power in a lateral dimension is twice as large as in that vertical lateral dimension. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Kombination aus einer Zylinderlinse (Z) und einer sphärischen Linse (L) vorgesehen ist.4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a Combination of a cylindrical lens (Z) and a spherical lens (L) is provided.
DE19904011108 1990-04-06 1990-04-06 Shock wave focussing equipment - uses acoustic lens with index of refraction not constant in peripheral direction Granted DE4011108A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904011108 DE4011108A1 (en) 1990-04-06 1990-04-06 Shock wave focussing equipment - uses acoustic lens with index of refraction not constant in peripheral direction

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904011108 DE4011108A1 (en) 1990-04-06 1990-04-06 Shock wave focussing equipment - uses acoustic lens with index of refraction not constant in peripheral direction

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DE4011108A1 true DE4011108A1 (en) 1991-10-10
DE4011108C2 DE4011108C2 (en) 1993-07-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2237974A1 (en) * 2000-07-14 2005-08-01 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia Acoustic lens, has compound sound medium formed by homogeneous glass elements

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004062851A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2006-08-17 Siemens Ag Device, for ultrasonic impact wave treatment of patients, especially for lithotripsy, includes impact shock wave source and acoustic lens,

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3417985A1 (en) * 1984-05-15 1985-11-21 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen DEVICE FOR CONTACT-FREE CRUSHING OF CONCRETE WITH COAXIAL LOCATION
DE3739392A1 (en) * 1987-11-20 1989-06-01 Siemens Ag Lithrotripter having a variable focus
EP0355176A1 (en) * 1988-08-17 1990-02-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for the contactless desintegration of concrements in a living thing body
EP0367117A2 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Shock wave generating apparatus forming wide concretion-dis-integrating region by focused shock wave

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3417985A1 (en) * 1984-05-15 1985-11-21 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen DEVICE FOR CONTACT-FREE CRUSHING OF CONCRETE WITH COAXIAL LOCATION
DE3739392A1 (en) * 1987-11-20 1989-06-01 Siemens Ag Lithrotripter having a variable focus
EP0355176A1 (en) * 1988-08-17 1990-02-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for the contactless desintegration of concrements in a living thing body
EP0367117A2 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Shock wave generating apparatus forming wide concretion-dis-integrating region by focused shock wave

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2237974A1 (en) * 2000-07-14 2005-08-01 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia Acoustic lens, has compound sound medium formed by homogeneous glass elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4011108C2 (en) 1993-07-22

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