DE3940312A1 - Measurement of internal stress of machined laminated core - removing core whenever material boundary reached and adding measurement values - Google Patents

Measurement of internal stress of machined laminated core - removing core whenever material boundary reached and adding measurement values

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Publication number
DE3940312A1
DE3940312A1 DE19893940312 DE3940312A DE3940312A1 DE 3940312 A1 DE3940312 A1 DE 3940312A1 DE 19893940312 DE19893940312 DE 19893940312 DE 3940312 A DE3940312 A DE 3940312A DE 3940312 A1 DE3940312 A1 DE 3940312A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
measuring
core
reached
annular groove
measured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19893940312
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3940312C2 (en
Inventor
Susanne Dipl Ing Dember
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to DE19893940312 priority Critical patent/DE3940312A1/en
Publication of DE3940312A1 publication Critical patent/DE3940312A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3940312C2 publication Critical patent/DE3940312C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0047Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Force In General (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

The method of determining internal stresses in a component involves machining an annular slot in the component in stages, measuring the residual core's surface resilience, removing the core, machining a new slot, performing a measurmenent and so on until a defined depth is reached. For measurements on laminates the core (2) is removed when a material boundary is reached and the process repeated until the strain reaction of each material component (A-C) has been measured. The measurement values for individual components are mathematically added. ADVANTAGE - Produces meaningful results for laminates.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Ei­ genspannungen in Bauteilen durch stufenweises Einarbeiten einer Ringnut gemäß Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a method for determining egg gene stresses in components through gradual incorporation an annular groove according to the preamble of the main claim.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der DE-PS 27 22 655 bekannt. Dieses bekannte Verfahren wird so ausgeführt, daß stufen­ weise eine Ringnut in die Oberfläche des auszumessenden Teiles eingearbeitet, die stirnseitige Oberflächenrückfede­ rung des stehengebliebenen Meßstellenkernes in Abhängigkeit von der Tiefe der Ringnut gemessen und nach Einarbeiten der ersten Ringnut bis zur Wirkungstiefe der Abklingfunktion des Dehnungsaufnehmers der stehengebliebene Meßstellenkern mechanisch entfernt wird. Danach wird das Verfahren an der so entstandenen "neuen" Meßstelle wiederholt, solange, bis die vorgegebene Gesamteinstichtiefe erreicht ist. Der Meß­ stellenkern wird immer dann mechanisch abgearbeitet, wenn das Reaktionsvermögen des Dehnungsaufnehmers, z. B. einer DMS-Rosette, erschöpft ist. Dies ist der Fall in etwa 5mm Tiefe. Bei aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen zusammengesetzten Schichtverbundwerkstoffen führt diese Vorgehensweise nicht zum gewünschten Ergebnis. Bei Durchführung der Messungen nach dem vorbekannten Verfahren treten nach Überschreiten der Werkstoffgrenze nur noch geringe Dehnungsreaktionen auf, obwohl das Reaktionsvermögen eines Dehnungsaufnehmers (DMS- Rosette) noch nicht erschöpft ist. Wird mit einer DMS-Roset­ te über die Werkstoffgrenze hinweg gemessen, so führt die Auflage des obersten Werkstoffes zur Behinderung von Deh­ nungsreaktionen in der nachfolgenden Werkstoffschicht. Die so ermittelten Formänderungen führen zu großen Fehlern bei den daraus errechneten Eigenspannungen. Die Folge davon sind falsche Auswertungsergebnisse. Dies ist nachteilig.A Such a method is known from DE-PS 27 22 655. This known method is carried out so that stages have an annular groove in the surface of the measured Part incorporated, the front surface feedback depending on the remaining measuring point core measured from the depth of the ring groove and after incorporating the first ring groove to the depth of the decay function of the Strain sensor of the remaining measuring point core is removed mechanically. After that, the procedure at the the "new" measuring point thus created is repeated until the specified total penetration depth has been reached. The meas the core of the position is always processed mechanically if the responsiveness of the extensometer, e.g. B. one DMS rosette, is exhausted. This is the case in about 5mm Depth. When composed of different materials Layered composites do not use this procedure to the desired result. When performing the measurements according to the previously known procedure occur after exceeding only minimal expansion reactions at the material limit, although the reactivity of a strain gauge (strain gauge  Rosette) is not yet exhausted. Is with a DMS roset measured across the material limit, the Support of the top material to prevent deh reaction in the subsequent material layer. The Form changes determined in this way lead to large errors the residual stresses calculated from it. The consequence of this are wrong evaluation results. This is a disadvantage.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das gat­ tungsgemäße Meßverfahren so auszugestalten, daß aussagekräf­ tige Meßergebnisse auch für die Ermittlung von Eigenspan­ nungen an Schichtverbundkörpern erhalten werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object, the gat to design measuring methods in such a way that meaningful term measurement results also for the determination of residual chip can be obtained on composite layers.

Diese Aufgabe ist dadurch gelöst, daß immer bei Erreichen der Werkstoffgrenze der Meßstellenkern 2 mechanisch abgear­ beitet wird und der Meßvorgang so oft wiederholt wird, bis die Dehnungsreaktionen jeder Einzelkomponente (A, B, C) des Schichtverbundes ermittelt sind, wobei zur Ermittlung der Gesamteigenspannungen des Bauteiles die Meßwerte der einzel­ nen Schichten mathematisch addiert werden. Durch dieses schrittweise Vorgehen und Abarbeiten des Meßstellenkernes, immer bei Erreichen der Werkstoffgrenzen, ist es auf einfa­ che Weise möglich, die Eigenspannungen in Schichtverbundkör­ pern genau und eindeutig zu ermitteln.This object is achieved in that, when the material limit of the measuring point core 2 is reached, machining is carried out mechanically and the measuring process is repeated until the expansion reactions of each individual component (A, B, C) of the layer composite are determined, with the determination of the total residual stresses of the Component the measured values of the individual layers are added mathematically. Through this step-by-step procedure and processing of the measuring point core, always when the material limits are reached, it is possible in a simple manner to determine the residual stresses in layered composite bodies precisely and unambiguously.

Die Kalibrierung des Dehnungsaufnehmers erfolgt nach den bekannten Methoden.The strain gauge is calibrated according to the known methods.

Anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren ist die Wirkungsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The mode of operation of the The method according to the invention explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch die Meßstelle mit einer abgetragenen Werkstoffschicht; Fig. 1 shows a cross section through the measuring point with an ablated material layer;

Fig. 2 einen, an einem Schichtverbundwerkstoff mit einer DMS-Rosette ermittelten Dehnungsverlauf; Fig one, determined on a composite multilayer material with a strain gage rosette strain curve 2;.

Fig. 3 einen, an einem Schichtverbundwerkstoff mit zwei DMS-Rosetten ermittelten Dehnungsverlauf.3 shows a, calculated on a layer composite having two strain gauge rosettes strain curve..

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schichtverbundkörper 1, welcher aus den Werkstoffen A, B, C besteht. Nach der Ermittlung der Deh­ nungsreaktionen im Werkstoff A wurde der Meßstellenkern 2 bis zur Werkstoffgrenze A-B abgetragen und auf diese "neue" Meßstelle eine neue DMS-Rosette 3 aufgeklebt. Danach wurde schrittweise in den Schichtwerkstoff B eine Ringnut 4 einge­ arbeitet und die Dehnungsreaktionen ermittelt. An der Grenze zwischen den Werkstoffen B und C wird der Gesamtvorgang wie­ derholt. Fig. 1 shows a laminated body 1 , which consists of the materials A, B, C. After determining the strain reactions in material A, the measuring point core 2 was removed up to the material limit AB and a new strain gauge rosette 3 was glued to this "new" measuring point. Then an annular groove 4 was worked into the layer material B step by step and the expansion reactions were determined. The entire process is repeated at the border between materials B and C.

Wurden die Messungen mit nur einer DMS-Rosette über mehrere Schichtwerkstoffe vorgenommen, so ergab sich der aus Fig. 2 ersichtliche Dehnungsverlauf. Wie daraus deutlich entnehmbar ist, ist der Dehnungsverlauf asymmetrisch. Dieser asymmetri­ sche Verlauf der Dehnungen, bzw. der Eigenspannungen, kann den tatsächlichen Verhältnissen im Werkstoff nicht entspre­ chen, da es Spannungsungleichgewicht bedeutet. Fig. 3 zeigt deutlich, daß bei Messung mit zwei DMS-Rosetten, bei sonst gleichbleibenden Verhältnissen, der Dehnungs- bzw. Eigen­ spannungsverlauf in dem Schichtverbundkörper symmetrisch ist. Diese Tatsache entspricht den wirklichen physikalischen Gegebenheiten im Werkstoff.If the measurements were carried out with only one strain gauge rosette over several layer materials, the strain curve shown in FIG. 2 resulted. As can clearly be seen from this, the course of the stretch is asymmetrical. This asymmetrical course of the strains, or the internal stresses, cannot correspond to the actual conditions in the material, since it means stress imbalance. Fig. 3 clearly shows that when measuring with two strain gauge rosettes, with otherwise constant conditions, the strain or internal stress curve in the laminated body is symmetrical. This fact corresponds to the real physical conditions in the material.

Claims (1)

Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Eigenspannungen in Bautei­ len durch stufenweises Einarbeiten einer Ringnut in die Oberfläche des auszumessenden Teiles, Messung der stirnseitigen Oberflächenrückfederung des stehengeblie­ benen Meßstellenkernes in Abhängigkeit von der Tiefe der Ringnut, mechanisches Abtragen des Meßstellenker­ nes, erneutes Einarbeiten einer Ringnut in die so ent­ standene Meßstelle, erneute Messung der stirnseitigen Oberflächenrückfederung des stehengebliebenen Meßstel­ lenkernes und Wiederholung dieser Schritte abschnitts­ weise bis zum Erreichen der vorgegebenen Gesamtein­ stichtiefe, wobei die gemessenen Dehnungen in eine Be­ ziehung zu Spannungswerten gemäß einer ermittelten Eich­ kurve gesetzt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Ermittlung von Eigenspannungen an Schichtverbundkörpern immer bei Erreichen der Werkstoffgrenze der Meßstellen­ kern (2) mechanisch abgearbeitet wird und der Meßvor­ gang so oft wiederholt wird, bis die Dehnungsreaktionen jeder Einzelkomponente (A, B, C) des Schichtverbundes ermittelt sind, wobei zur Ermittlung der Gesamteigen­ spannungen des Bauteiles die Meßwerte der einzelnen Schichten mathematisch addiert werden.Method for determining residual stresses in components by gradually incorporating an annular groove into the surface of the part to be measured, measuring the frontal surface springback of the remaining measuring point core depending on the depth of the annular groove, mechanical removal of the measuring point core, renewed incorporation of an annular groove into the ent standing measuring point, re-measuring the front surface springback of the remaining measuring handlebar and repeating these steps section by section until the predetermined total penetration depth is reached, the measured strains being related to stress values according to a determined calibration curve, characterized in that for the determination of residual stresses on laminated composites is always processed mechanically when the material limit of the measuring points core ( 2 ) is reached and the measuring process is repeated until the stretching reactions occur every time individual components (A, B, C) of the layer composite are determined, the measured values of the individual layers being added mathematically to determine the total residual stresses of the component.
DE19893940312 1989-12-06 1989-12-06 Measurement of internal stress of machined laminated core - removing core whenever material boundary reached and adding measurement values Granted DE3940312A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893940312 DE3940312A1 (en) 1989-12-06 1989-12-06 Measurement of internal stress of machined laminated core - removing core whenever material boundary reached and adding measurement values

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893940312 DE3940312A1 (en) 1989-12-06 1989-12-06 Measurement of internal stress of machined laminated core - removing core whenever material boundary reached and adding measurement values

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DE3940312A1 true DE3940312A1 (en) 1991-06-13
DE3940312C2 DE3940312C2 (en) 1993-06-17

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4430074A1 (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-02-29 Gbm Ges Fuer Baugeologie Und M Stress measurement method for stone, rock or brickwork, esp. for constructing tunnel or other underground structure
EP1936346A2 (en) 2006-12-21 2008-06-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for determining the residual stress of a test piece

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2722655B1 (en) * 1977-05-18 1978-08-10 Kraftwerk Union Ag Process for the determination of residual stresses in components of machine or apparatus construction

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2722655B1 (en) * 1977-05-18 1978-08-10 Kraftwerk Union Ag Process for the determination of residual stresses in components of machine or apparatus construction

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DE-Z.: Meßtechnische Briefe 16(1980), H. 2, S. 36-40 *
DE-Z.: Meßtechnische Briefe 16(2980), H. 3, S. 66-70 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4430074A1 (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-02-29 Gbm Ges Fuer Baugeologie Und M Stress measurement method for stone, rock or brickwork, esp. for constructing tunnel or other underground structure
EP1936346A2 (en) 2006-12-21 2008-06-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for determining the residual stress of a test piece
EP1936346A3 (en) * 2006-12-21 2010-07-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for determining the residual stress of a test piece

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3940312C2 (en) 1993-06-17

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D2 Grant after examination
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