DE3935304A1 - Combined alternative energy prodn., storage and drive system - uses regenerative braking to transfer energy to synthetic fibre cpd. or ceramic flywheel in vacuum chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

Kinetic energy stored ina gyro (1) within a vacuum chamber (2) is transmitted through a planetary gear (1') to a mechanical power-branching sytem involving another gryo (1') with multivalued variable transmission to a differential on the driven axle, and regenerative braking. The hydraulic equipment includes a dual pumping system and pressure reservoir with storage feeding a hydraulic motor. The control electronics involves a computer with resident software and a control unit contg. electric and hydralic motors. USE/ADVANTAGE - Stationary power sources as well as mobile units and vehicles. Environmental and economic criteria satisfied by system having sufficient tractive power and range.

Description

The invention relates to a "combined energy generation, Storage and Drive System "(hereinafter referred to as KESA), which consists of four system groups, according to the generic term of Claim 1.

The four system groups listed according to the invention are shown in Figs. 2-5.

Fig. 1 shows the overall system structure of the KESA, it follows:

Fig. 2, system group 1; Kinetic energy storage system with gyro.

Fig. 3, system group 2; MLV - Mechanical power split with operating components.

Fig. 4, system group 3; Hydraulic system with "dual hydraulic pump system" and other components.

Fig. 5, system group 4; Electronic system for controlling and regulating the operational processes with energy transfer in the overall system, as well as function monitoring within system groups 1, 2 and 3.

With the KESA, two different forms of energy of greater capacity can be generated in vehicles under mobile operating conditions, stored in the gyro of the kinetic energy storage system and used for the intended locomotion. Based on the kinetic energy generated by the regenerative braking system, Fig. 3, for direct storage in the gyro via the MLV, after the gyro capacity has been reached or approached, the kinetic energy of the RBS is electronically controlled - on the other hand also via the MLV for the mechanical drive of the hydraulic pump for generating potential energy and its conservation in the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic system Fig. 4. The vehicle drive as well as standstill cause the gyro to be continuously loaded with increasing power loss if the RBS cannot continuously generate kinetic energy through regenerative braking.

When the limited minimum speed of the gyro is reached, the potential energy generated or stored in the hydraulic system is requested; it is converted into mechanical energy via the hydraulic motor and fed to the transmission Fig. 4, ( 5 ) as a rotary movement, which in turn quickly recharges the gyro via the MLV. If the gyro speeds fall below the set limit due to a lack of braking energy recovery, but the gyro power loss can no longer be compensated by the exhaustion of the potential energy in the hydraulic system, manual or foot-operated hydraulic pumps in the hydraulic system could again be sufficient if the vehicle is at a standstill potential energy for gyro charging and as an energy reserve for conservation in the hydraulic accumulator. As a precaution, however, the generation of potential energy can alternatively take place while driving, if accompanying persons activate the manual or foot-operated hydraulic pump by means of the dual hydraulic pump system, Fig. 4, ( 1, 1 ′ ), or if the driver himself does this by occasion can. However, electrical - secondary energy - stationary from the public power grid is also used via the electric motor, Fig. 3 ( 7 ). This enables the gyro to be charged via the MLV, and it is also electronically controlled, the transmission, Fig. 4 ( 5 ), is supplied with the speeds required for the mechanical generation of potential energy in the hydraulic system. Three types of energy can be stored in the KESA. The generation, storage and delivery of energy for drive tasks in vehicles, etc. can therefore be largely independent of external energy.

The previous state of the art shows systems of hybrid drives more recently. These are despite a certain novelty and hereditary testing seem to be technically not dominant enough to use as an environment to be considered mature. Examples are: Gyro and Battery, S. Renner-Smith, Popular Science, October 1980. Hydrobus with Diesel, MAN, Munich, 10th status seminar "Local traffic research '83 ", BMFT funding: TV 7821, TV 8307-4. Gyrobus II, MAN, Munich, F. Hagin, Local Transport Research Status Seminar IX, Munich 1982, Gyro bus with diesel engine. Magnet motor with diesel, local transport research '87, Status Seminar XIV. On the environmentally harmful diesel engine was not yet waived. And so far, the gyro and battery could not do that bring the hoped-for performance after no battery has come on the market,  which as a hybrid drive component to the variable composite Gyro compared to an equivalent or possibly higher value use could offer potential energy (storage capacity, discharge cycle, Charging time).

So there was a task that was solved according to the invention with the KESA can be. It has to be taken into account that for the use neuarti eng drive systems - here the KESA - not just the environmental criteria Friendliness and economy are just as important it is that the propulsion system gives the vehicle adequate handling and sufficient range. This realistic Objectives can be achieved with the four KESA system groups.

Further features of the invention are also that the KESA with fully charged gyro and with conserved potential energy in the hydraulic accumulator is fully functional and the vehicle can start with electronic control technology. With dynamic driving behavior, for example in the city cycle, the RBS, Fig. 3 ( 5 ), as a combination of ivt (infinitely variable transmission), differential and drive wheels in the reversal of the function of the vehicle drive for each braking operation leads to kinetic energy generation and its direct storage in Gyro. Whenever gyro capacity is reached, the RBS will continuously lead to the mechanical generation of potential energy in the hydraulic system instead of conventional heat emission to the environment. The electronics, Fig. 5, serve to smoothen the energy generation processes and release within the MLV . The electronics effective range encompasses the entire KESA. The vehicle is driven according to the mechanical power split, Fig. 3, continuously, purely mechanically. The control and regulation technology of the electronics provided here is based on elements known from practice, which, however, require a control scheme corresponding to the KESA. The two-part storage of the three forms of energy Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Secondary Energy (electrical energy), and their delivery is cheaper to achieve with mechanical power split gearboxes - MLV - which meet the requirements of the KESA much better than electrical and hydraulic drive systems.

It proves to be advantageous to use a gyro, which optionally consists of high-strength fiber composite materials (for example glass, carbon or aramid fiber / KEVLAR), or of ceramic material. These have the advantage over steel flywheels that they can be brought to the highest speeds for storing the aforementioned three forms of energy; cheaper drive output torques are delivered permanently. The prerequisite for this is that the gyro rotates without friction in a vacuum chamber and is stored with little loss. The gyro can be monitored by an electronic control system, which signals the functional features, but also damage to the rotor due to material fatigue, fiber tears, etc. All gyro system components can be standardized and can be easily replaced. A total failure of Gyro's of both material groups would be harmless: GFK, CFK, KEVLAR dissolve up to the smallest particles within the vacuum chamber - the rotor burst is accompanied by immediate energy drainage. A ceramic material gyro moves within a safety jacket, but the even higher speeds are kept below the load limit - this is permanently guaranteed by the gearbox design. Another advantage is the hydraulic system integrated in the KESA, Fig. 4, which has the following important components: The mechanically operated hydraulic pump ( 1 ) is adjustable and designed for variable flow rates. In addition to the mechanical drive, a physical pump drive is possible with separately installed foot and hand hydraulic pumps ( 1 ′ ). The closed oil tank ( 2 ) is specially designed for mobile use and supplies both pump systems, a "dual hydraulic pump system" of the latest type. The hydraulic accumulator ( 3 ), in mutual connection with the dual hydraulic pump system, is limited to the specified size and pressure. Another connection is with the hydraulic motor ( 4 ), to which it supplies the stored potential energy as required. The hydraulic motor converts the hydrostatic energy into mechanical drive and transmits it to the MLV as a rotary movement via the transmission ( 5 ) for gyro charging. Electronically controlled, intermittent valves are used for control technology, which functions here especially for the hydraulic system of the KESA. The self-sufficient energy dominance of the KESA contributes to a positive performance and economy balance, which in any case offers the overall system - vehicle etc. - a realistic alternative to other forms of drive, purely electric or fossil-fueled diesel or petrol engines.

It should be emphasized from the stationary range of applications that the KESA for wind turbines as energy storage and replacement electricity producers with the appropriate adaptation to this task suitable is. Similarly, the KESA can be used in small to medium-sized homes units can be integrated, mechanical consumers can as well be supplied, as well as the power generation with the KESA in this Scope is possible. But commercial businesses are also to be equipped with the KESA for energy storage and supply to different consumers. Yes, even a vehicle KESA equipment could do stationary tasks.

Fig. 1
KESA - forest

Reference symbol list

System group 1, kinetic energy storage system ( Fig. 2)
1 gyro with safety jacket
1 ′ planetary gear with shaft
2 vacuum chamber
2 ′ vacuum pump

System group 2, mechanical power split ( Fig. 3)
1 planetary gear, gyro drive / output
1 ′ gyro with wave
2 mvt - multivalent variable transmission
2 ′ mvt - output, drive - RBS
3 differential
4 drive axle (wheels)
5 RBS - regenerative braking system, composite of 2, 3, 4
6 Transmission, connection MLV to the hydraulics
7 Hydraulic pump input, mechanical drive
8 Hydromotor output
9 electric motor with clutch for mvt
10 clutches
11 Reverse gear shift

System group 3, hydraulics ( Fig. 4)
1 dual hydraulic pump system with hydraulic pump mechanical drive
1 ′ and hydraulic pumps with manual and foot drive
2 pressure medium tanks for dual hydraulic pump system
3 hydraulic accumulators
4 hydraulic motor
5 Transmission, off-input MLV
01 valve block, safety and shut-off block
02 directional valve
03 Control, hydraulic accumulator monitoring

System group 4, electronics ( Fig. 5)
1 computer, complete hardware system KESA
1 ′ software, processors per system group
2 system control unit and control system technology

Fig. 2
System group 1, kinetic energy storage system

Reference symbol list

1 gyro with safety jacket
1 ′ planetary gear with shaft
2 vacuum chamber
2 ′ vacuum pump
3 hub
3 ′ wave
4 support bearings
5 MLV output / input

Fig. 3
System group 2, MLV

Reference symbol list

Components
1 planetary gear (gyro - input / output)
1 ′ gyro with wave
2 mvt - multivalent variable transmission
2 ′ mvt - output drive RBS
3 differential
4 drive axle (wheels)
5 RBS - regenerative braking system, composite of 2 ′, 3, 4
6 transmission (connection MLV to hydraulics)
7 Hydraulic pump input, mechanical drive
8 Hydromotor output
9 electric motor with clutch for mvt
10 clutches
11 Reverse gear shift

Functional paths
a Gyro, via mvt vehicle drive
b RBS, via mvt gyro charging
c RBS, via mvt hydraulic pump drive
d Direct drive gyro to hydraulic pump via mvt
e Hydro motor drive via mvt for gyro charging
f Direct drive of the gyro via mvt by electric motor
g Direct drive of the hydraulic pump via mvt by electric motor

Fig. 4
System group 3, hydraulics

Reference symbol list

Components
1 hydraulic pump, mechanical drive,
1 ′ hydraulic pumps, manual and foot operation,
2 pressure medium tanks for dual hydraulic pump system
3 hydraulic accumulators
4 hydraulic motor
5 transmission, off-input MLV,

Valves
01 valve block, safety and shut-off block,
02 directional valve
03 Control, hydraulic accumulator monitoring.
04 Media return in the tank

Fig. 5
System group 4, electronics

Reference symbol list

1 computer:
1 hardware, overall system KESA
1 ′ overall KESA range; Software with processors per system group

2 system control unit and control system technology
2 a Process control for kinetic energy storage system
2 b Drive / drive MLV with mvt and RBS
2 c electric motor
2 d hydraulic motor
2 e hydraulic pump, mechanically operated
2 f microcontroller, sensors for gyro monitoring, control per system group 1-3 with speed detection of the components
2 g manual and foot pump drive of the "dual hydraulic pump system"
2 h feedback to the computer in the event of program deviations etc., display on the screen or dashboard etc.
2 i EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) of the electronic subsystems with each other, as well as shielding from the environment or from your own system.
2 k block valves etc.

Claims (16)

1. Combined energy generation, storage and drive system (hereinafter referred to as KESA) with four system groups for the generation and storage of alternative energy and its electronically regulated and controlled delivery in drive systems of vehicles, mobile and under effective stationary conditions, characterized in that, As shown in Fig. 1 (overall system structure), kinetic energy - Kinetic energy storage system system group 1 - Fig. 2, from mobile operating conditions of road vehicles etc. within system group 2, MLV - Mechanical power split - Fig. 3, using RBS - Regenerative Brake system - Fig. 3, can be obtained and that the generation of potential energy via the RBS ( 5 ) in a hydraulic system, system group 3, Fig. 4, takes place mechanically in the KESA. Furthermore, electrical energy from the power grid is supplied via an electric motor installed in the KESA, Fig. 1, ( 12 ) via the MLF for storing the mechanical energy in the gyro, Fig. 1 ( 1 ) and for renewing potential energy via the MLV in the hydraulics system ( 4 ) and their preservation in the hydraulic accumulator. The various forms of energy are transmitted exclusively from the kinetic energy storage system, Fig. 2, to the purely mechanical vehicle drive via the ivt - infinitely variable transmission - Fig. 3 ( 2 ), into a differential ( 3 ) and to the drive wheels ( 4 ). Further energy generation is possible with a "dual hydraulic pump system" Fig. 4 ( 1, 1 ′ ) by manually or foot-operated hydraulic pumps, which produce potential energy both when the vehicle is at a standstill and in the mobile operating state, which is stored in the hydraulic system and can be used for gyro charging at any time can be accessed. Integrated electronics, system group 4, Fig. 5, perform KESA-specific control and regulation technology for all operational and monitoring tasks. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the kinetic energy storage system with gyro, Fig. 2, system group 1, for storing the kinetic energy supplied by the RBS, as well as the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic system, Fig. 4, to converted potential energy into mechanical energy and the mechanical energy supplied by the electric motor Fig. 1 ( 12 ), as well as for delivering the energy stored in the gyro to drive a vehicle etc. via the ivt, Fig. 3, ( 2 ) and the differential ( 3 ) with Drive wheels ( 4 ) are integrated within the MLV in the KESA. 3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the gyro Fig. 2 ( 1 ) as an energy store of its system group made of plastic fiber composite or alternatively made of ceramic material as a high-performance flywheel, rotates in a vacuum chamber ( 7 ) from two support bearings and on the shaft has a planetary gear ( 1 ' ) for driving and output. 4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gyro, Fig. 2 ( 1 ) upstream planetary gear ( 1 ' ) is designed so that it for memory tasks of the gyro ( 1 ) received from the MLV ( 10 ) Speeds translated and the gyro speeds reduced in the opposite program to drive the vehicle transmits. 5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ivt, Fig. 3 ( 2 ) takes over the energy transfer within the MLV in the KESA and the various forms of energy (kinetic, potential, electrical energy) as inputs from the RBS ( 5 ), Trans mission ( 6 ) and mains current via the electric motor ( 7 ) to the gyro Fig. 2 ( 1 ), via the planetary gear ( 1 ′ ) by means of electronic control technology Fig. 3 ( 9 ), harmoniously transferred. Furthermore, that in reverse order the energy stored in the gyro Fig. 2 ( 1 ) over the ivt. Fig. 3 ( 2 ) for vehicle drive via the differential ( 3 ) is transmitted to the drive wheels ( 4 ). 6. System according to claim 5, characterized in that with the infinitely variable transmission ivt Fig. 3 ( 2 ) the possibility is created, the kinetic energy storage system, Fig. 2, and the hydraulic system, Fig. 4, mutually with energy supply. The drive system of the KESA is designed purely mechanically in accordance with the integrated ivt. 7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic system Fig. 4, system group 3, has a mechanically drivable hydraulic pump ( 1 ), which is designed so that it from the RBS as well as from the kinetic energy storage system, Fig. 2nd , can be stimulated in the mobile or stationary operating state to generate potential energy. The potential energy conserved in the hydraulic accumulator ( 3 ) can be passed in whole or in part to the hydraulic motor ( 4 ) on request, which, after conversion into mechanical energy, transfers it as speeds to the transmission ( 5 ) for charging the gyro, Fig. 2 ( 1 ) the MLV passes on to the planetary gear ( 1 ' ). Electronically controlled intermittent valves of the hydraulic system, Fig. 4, control the generation of the potential energy, its storage and delivery to the MLV. 8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the hydraulic system Fig. 4, a "dual hydraulic pump system" to which the mechanically operated hydraulic pump ( 1 ) belongs, but it also has manual and foot-operated hydraulic pumps ( 1 ' ), the are connected via separate hydraulic hoses to the oil tank ( 2 ), which also supplies the mechanically operated hydraulic pump ( 1 ). In mobile or stationary operating conditions, for example in the case of cars, an attendant can operate a hand pump with a double stroke between the seats in the front, a foot pump on the floor at the pedal level, pivoted for the driver and attendant, operate and generate potential energy. Another position is for a hand-operated hydraulic pump between the rear seats, so that accompanying persons can also contribute to the formation of potential energy reserves in any operating state of the vehicle. 9. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmission ( 5 ) connected to the hydraulic system, fig. 4, the speeds of the gyro obtained via the ivt, fig. 3 ( 2 ), fig. 2 ( 1 ), via the MLV forwards to the mechanically operated hydraulic pump, Fig. 4 ( 1 ), for generating potential energy in every operating state of a vehicle. When the fourth potential energy in the hydraulic accumulator ( 3 ) is released, the transmission ( 5 ) is mechanically driven by the hydraulic motor ( 4 ) in reverse function, the speeds obtained are via the ivt, Fig. 3, ( 2 ), and planetary gear Fig. 2 ( 6 ) forwarded for gyro charging. 10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regenerative braking system - RBS - Fig. 3, ( 5 ), consisting of the ivt ( 2 ), the differential ( 3 ) and the drive wheels ( 4 ) - Ver bund so of 2, 3 and 4 - is switched in such a way that instead of the previously known braking effect (heat release to the environment), the RBS ( 5 ) now alternatively generates kinetic energy which is transferred directly into the gyro via the ivt ( 2 ) and planetary gear ( 1 ′ ), Fig. 2, ( 1 ), transferred and stored there. 11. System according to claim 10, characterized in that with the drive wheels Fig. 3 ( 4 ) connected on the axle differential ( 3 ) has a planetary gear which is designed both for drive tasks of the KESA, and in the RBS ( 5 ) in the function reversal is used for kinetic energy generation. 12. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the KESA for storing mechanical energy in the gyro also has an electric motor Fig. 3 ( 9 ), with network input. With it, the stationary mechanical energy supply for the system group 1, kinetic energy storage system Fig. 2, via the ivt Fig. 3 ( 2 ) and for the system group 3, hydraulic system Fig. 4, also via the ivt, is secured at every location of the public power grid , a system-inherent alternative and safety factor for fast charging stations of the gyro and the potential energy generation on the go and at home. 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy generation processes, storage of the said energy forms and mutual delivery of energy in the area of system groups 1, 3 and 2 of the MLV by the electronics, system group 4, Fig. 5, controlled and regulated will. An on-board computer, supplied by an on-board battery with electrical power, is designed for the respective vehicle in terms of hardware and is designed for the necessary tasks in mobile and stationary operating areas so that type-specific software ensures maximum performance with regard to operational processes, but also function monitoring per system group is guaranteed. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized, that the KESA is used stationary, for example for wind turbines can be. The system groups are designed according to local criteria related to wind power, for which the KESA is a model for all performance sizes is. The wind power excess energy allowed in addition to limited electricity generation, direct storage using separate transmission in the MLV in the gyro. With little wind, little Speeds of the wind turbine per minute would still be a drive the mechanical hydraulic pump possible and thus the potential generation energy and its conservation in the hydraulic accumulators. The levy The energy stored in the gyro is supplied by the MLV when there is no wind to the generator for alternative electricity generation. When the Gyro speed limits via the MLV the request for delivery potential energy from the hydraulic accumulator to the hydro motor and from this via the transmission via the MLV to the Gyro-Auf charge and thus to repeat the process until the wind power system can perform better again and not on the KESA have to resort to more. The otherwise of the "dual hydraulic pump system" delivered physical potential energy production is eliminated. The KESA contributes optimally to the utilization of wind energy. Several larger ones Hydraulic accumulators as an aggregate ensure sufficient potential energy reserve, i.e. for a permanent economic application of the on the Wind turbine designed KESA. The generally integrated in the KESA Electronics also corresponds to these stationary conditions customized.   15. System according to claim 14, characterized, that the KESA as a stationary main supply or emergency unit for uninterruptible power supply by means of generator in small to medium-sized residential units, or can also be used in commercial operations can, if the "Dual hydraulic pump system" manually or foot-operated Generation of potential energy is used. Again, it makes sense to design a hydraulic accumulator unit in terms of volume so that it lasts longer timely energy reserves can be preserved. In commercial Operators often find opportunities to mechanical consumers about separate transmissions with the mechanical hydraulic pump drive use, so that the "dual hydraulic pump system" is maximally stressed can be. 16. System according to claim 15, characterized, that the KESA under stationary operating conditions of a vehicle, for example in the garage of the apartment building, etc., mechanical ver users via the MLV with separate transmission at speeds has supplied. There is also an emergency unit-like power supply possible via an in-house garage, integrated generator possible, so that the KESA in the vehicle both mobile tasks as well can meet stationary requirements; a multivalent possibility which the KESA stands for environmentally friendly, combined energy generation, storage and drive tasks predestined.