DE3933343A1 - AUtomatically adjusted surgical microscope - has focus, magnification, etc. adjustment by individual modules of control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The microscope has a free-standing support stand with a horizontal arm supporting the microscope (13) at its free end. The control system for the microscope is divided into a number of individual modules (14, 15, 16, 17,18) each corresponding to a respective control function. The modules (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) each have a control stage and an associated power source. Pref. the modules (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) are stacked together to act as the upright for the stand with each brought into operation by a respective switch, with a further switch coupling the assembled module group to the current source.

Description

The invention relates to a surgical microscope, on a surgical microscope with a stand, one on the Stand attached arm to hold the surgical microscope on free end of the arm and with an electrical device.

Medical instruments, such as a surgical micro Skop must be reliable from the intended application Show safety and security. Specifically, medical instruments are allowed of this type rarely have faults and should a function be annoying, have no influence on the other functions and easily and be repairable in a short time.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of the electrical Einrich device of the previously known surgical microscope. The elec trical device consists of a motor-operated magnification adjustment means 1 for changing the magnification of the microscope, a motor-driven focusing means 2 for focusing the microscope, lighting 3 for brightening the operating field by means of lamps, a control means 4 for executing the motor controls Magnification adjustment means 1 and the focusing means 2 as well as the brightness control and ON / OFF control of the lighting means 3 , as well as finally a power source 5 for the supply of electrical power to the control means 4 . The power source 5 is genetically designed so that it receives electrical power from a mains voltage source 6 , converts the power into control voltages and drive voltages for the motors and lamps and then supplies the voltages to the control medium 4 . In addition, signals and powers are supplied from the control means 4 to the magnification adjustment means 1 , the focusing means 2 and the illumination 3 through connectors attached to the tip of an arm (not shown) that holds the microscope.

It is now assumed that a magnification motor, arranged in the magnification means, is braked and an overcurrent flows to the circuit. Although the circuit and its parts are normally protected by protectors such as fuses, in the worst case the power supply 5 is damaged. Under these conditions, the control means 4 is supplied no electrical power from the source 5 and the entire electrical device stops working. More specifically, not only the magnification adjustment means 1 but also the focusing means 2 do not work and the lamps of the lighting device 3 go out. Since most of the functions of surgical microscopes are currently performed electrically, a surgical operation is very seriously affected by the failure of all functions of the electrical device and, in certain cases, cannot even be continued. In particular, the lighting by means of the lamps is indispensable for surgical operations and extinguishing the lamps can be life-threatening. In addition, in the configuration according to FIG. 1, the control means 4 must receive three to six voltages of different levels, which requires power source means 5 of large dimensions. In addition, since the control means 4 is gen erally integrated with the power source means 5 for practical instrumentation in such a configuration, the power source has larger dimensions. Accordingly, the power source 5 cannot be quickly repaired or replaced in the event of a malfunction that occurs in it, since troubleshooting such large power sources requires time-consuming checks to a significant extent or the replacement of a large power source as a whole for a new one, which requires hard work can mean.

In recent years, in which medical electronics (abge shortened ME) has made great strides and a wide variety of medical Areas ME use instruments that are assigned exclusively to them are the power sources for these instruments and the connection cables for this are built around the site of the surgical operation, which significantly impairs the operator's convenience and his assistant staff. It is desirable that Power sources for the various component units in a chir urgent microscope and electrical power to the compo feed unit units via connectors that are at the tip of the arm are provided, such as the connectors at the top of the arm for one Auxiliary lighting in conventional surgical microscopes are brought. Such a construction serves the location of the actual  to clear the operation by switching off the power sources and Connection cables that often pile up around the operating site.

If it is assumed that each medical area is two to five types of medical instruments used, the majority of which Most are reserved only for this area, there is a big issue number of medical instruments at the site of an operation. Accordingly, a surgical microscope designed based on the configuration conventional surgical microscopes and for use under different medical fields, inevitable with more than ten lei power sources and more than ten connectors nem problem leads that this surgical microscope inevitably increases Liche dimensions will have. In addition, it also results unrelated inevitably a very thick supply cable with the further problem that the arm is difficult to move with such a connecting cable.

The object of the present invention is a surgical Microscope to create that with high certainty during surgery works and quickly executable repair options in the case of ge disrupted functions.

This object is achieved in that the electrical one direction is composed of a plurality of units, the starting are removably arranged on a stand, each of the units with a function control means that has a specific ne function or a plurality of functions as well as an independent one Has power source.

Such a surgical microscope is particularly com can be put together as a whole and can be operated excellently.

In the surgical microscope according to the present invention It is avoided that in the event of a fault in the unit other units affected so that the surgical operation can continue even if a single unit is disrupted is, and troubleshooting is possible in a short time and occurs only in a delimited area, which in turn leads to the fact that a malfunction easily by replacing a malfunctioning unit is recoverable. Also the modification and addition of radio ions are possible, which means a small number of units for each requires major surgical surgery and also a thin one Connection cable results.  

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the individual units designed to be connected to a mains voltage source can be connected via sub-switches that are assigned to the individual units are assigned, and a main switch that is common to the sub-switches assigned. Furthermore, each of the function control means is electrically on a drive source for this, which is arranged in the microscope body is, via a connector or a plurality of connectors arranges at least on either the free end of the arm or each one connected.

According to another embodiment of the present invention all units including the function control means and / or the power sources arranged in the stand so that they ent can be taken and stacked on top of each other.

The surgical microscope according to the present invention is equipped with a self-diagnosis device with display means for displaying the operating conditions of the power sources and the Control means of the individual units, as well as with at least one off exchange unit connected to the mains voltage line via the main switch can be connected.

Further refinements and advantages of the invention are the the following description and claims.

The invention is illustrated below in the attached Drawings illustrated embodiments explained in more detail.  

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the conventional configuration of the electrical device for surgical microscopes;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the surgical microscope according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the electrical device for the first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 and 5 show in perspective a modification of the first embodiment and a partially broken away side view of the main components thereof;

Fig. 6A, 6B and 6C are block diagrams showing the internal con figuration of Vergrößerungseinstellmittel, the focusing means and Be leuchtungsmittel illustrate the first embodiment;

FIG. 7A and 7B and 7C are block diagrams of the internal con figuration of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit electric focusing unit or illumination unit of the first embodiment;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of an exchange unit of the first embodiment;

FIG. 9A and 9B are block diagrams of the internal configuration of the self-diagnosis unit, used in the first embodiment and a modified example of the power supply means therefor;

Fig. 10 and 11 are tables for explaining the content of the logical calculations for the electrical adjustment of the magnification (Fo kussier-) or the illumination unit in the first approximate shape exporting unit;

Fig. 12 is a front view of the displays on the self-diagnosis unit in the first embodiment;

Fig. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of debugging means for performing initial diagnosis and debugging of the lighting unit in the first embodiment;

Figs. 14 to 17 are flow charts illustrating the operations in the diagnosis, to be executed by the error removing means;

Fig. 18 and 19 are timing diagrams of the initial diagnosis or normal diagnosis executed by the error removing means;

FIG. 20A and 20B are partially broken away side view and cross-sectional view illustrating the tip of the long Ar mes used in the first embodiment;

Fig. 21 is a sectional view of the internal wiring from the rear end of the long arm through an intermediate arm to the top of the stand used in the first embodiment;

FIG. 22A and 22B are sectional views illustrating the connector structure or the cable inlet in the stator used in the first embodiment;

FIG. 23A and 23B are a partially broken Seitenan view and a horizontal sectional view illustrating the connection structure of each unit to the stator in the first embodiment;

FIG. 24A and 24B are a plan view of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit used in the first embodiment, and a sectional view illustrating the connection structure of the printed circuit board of the respective unit having a chassis;

Fig. 25 shows diagrammatically components of the microscope body and the tip of the long arm when the replacement unit of the first embodiment is constructed as a photographing unit;

FIG. 26A and 26B are block diagrams illustrating the internal configuration of a strobe for the camera or Photograph phiereinheit for use in the first embodiment;

FIG. 27A and 27B are diagrams of part of the tip of the microscope body and the tip of the long arm or a BEFE stigungsstruktur an XY -Antriebs when the replacement unit is constructed of the first embodiment as the XY driving unit;

FIG. 28A and 28B are block diagrams for illustrating the in-internal configuration of the XY -Antriebs or the XY driving unit, ver turns in the first embodiment;

Fig. 29 and 30 are diagrams for illustration of components of the microscope body and the tip of the long arm or a block diagram illustrating the internal configuration of a coagula tion unit when the replacement unit of the first embodiment is constructed as gulationseinheit Koa;

Fig. 31 is a perspective view of a foot switch unit for use in the first embodiment;

Fig. 32 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 33 is a section illustrating the wiring in the top of the stand in the second embodiment;

Fig. 34 and 35 depict in perspective an open or closed state ge of the stator in a third embodiment;

Fig. 36 is a horizontal section of the stand in the third embodiment in the open state;

Fig. 37 is a horizontal section showing units used in the third embodiment;

Fig. 38 is a perspective view of a stand in a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 39A and 39B are longitudinal and Horizontalschnittdarstel of the main components lungs of a stator in the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 40 and 41 are a perspective view of a stator or a longitudinal section thereof illustrating the main components of the invention used in a fifth embodiment;

Fig. 42 is a block diagram of the main components of the fifth embodiment;

Fig. 43 and 44 are a block diagram of a sixth exporting approximately of the invention and a perspective view of an electric Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit for this;

FIG. 45A and 45B are a block diagram and a rear view of an electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit used in an embodiment of the invention they Benten;

Fig. 46 is a sectional view of the internal wiring from the rear end of the long arm through the intermediate arm to the top of the stand in the seventh embodiment;

FIG. 47A, 47B and 47C are tenansicht a partially broken Sei, a section along line BB in Fig. 47A and a sectional view along line CC of Fig. 47A illustrating the wiring in the tip of the long arm, is used in the seventh Embodiment;

FIG. 48A and 48B are a block diagram and a view of an electric Perspecti vische Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit, ver the invention applies in an eighth embodiment;

Fig. 49 is a sectional view for illustrating the internal wiring from the rear end of the long arm through the intermediate arm to the top of the stand in the eighth embodiment;

Fig. 50 is a sectional view for illustrating the wiring in the tip of the long arm used in the eighth embodiment and

Fig. 51 is a block diagram illustrating a ninth embodiment of the invention.

The invention will be described in more detail below to the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings forms described.

Fig. 2 shows the first embodiment of the invention. In this drawing, 11 denotes a stand, with 12 an arm which is attached to the stand 11 and has a tip which is movable in three dimensions. More specifically, there is the arm 12 of a long arm 12 a, and can rotate in the direction of the vertical direction in the horizontal, and an intermediate arm 12 b, rotatable in the horizontal direction as shown in US-PS 45 23 732 discloses. With 13 a microscope body is designated, which is carried by the tip of the arm 12 such that it is rotatable in the valley direction; the microscope body has magnification adjustment means 13 a , focusing means 13 b and illumination means 13 c . With 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 are an electrical magnification unit, an electrical focusing unit, a lighting unit, a replacement or replacement unit or a self-diagnosis unit, which are removably attached to the stand 11 with associated screws. Of these units are the electrical magnification adjustment unit 14 , the electrical focusing unit 15 and the lighting unit 16 , composed of power supply means 14 a , 15 a and 16 a and control means 14 b , 15 b and 16 b , respectively, as in the circuit diagram according to shown Fig. 3, connected to the Vergrößerungseinstellmittel 13 a, 13 b and the focusing means, the illumination means 13 c via connectors of known structure 19 a, 19 b and 19 c and an internal wiring 20 a, 20 b and 20 c, connected to that, and connectors 21 a , 21 b and 21 c of known design, arranged on the tip of the arm 12 and connected to the internal wiring, as shown in each case in FIG. 2, and also connected to a main switch via sub-switch 14 c , 15 c and 16 c , the main switch will be described later. Further, the exchange unit 17 includes nothing in the block diagram of Fig. 3, and as shown in FIG. 2, within the stator is provided with a connector 19 d connected to a connector 21 d for an option, disposed at the tip the arm 12 , and can be connected to an option 13 op (if necessary) via an internal cable 20 d , and a connector 25 is formed for connecting the main switch, which will be described below. Furthermore, the self-diagnosis unit 18 consists of power supply means 18 a , control means 18 b and display means 18 c , as illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 3, so that the control means 18 b monitors the control means 14 b , 15 b and 16 b of the other unit, whereby the display means 18 c display data of the other units and are connected to the main switch, as will be described later, via a sub-switch 18 d . Usable as power supply means 14 a , 15 a , 16 a and 18 a of the units described above are different types of power supply means such as transformers, power switching sources, batteries and line sources with the primary side isolated from the secondary sides. The reference numeral 22 represents a power cable connected to the connectors 25 a , 25 b , 25 c , 25 d and 25 e via an overcurrent protector 24 such as a main switch 23 or a fuse. Connected to these connectors 25 a , 25 b , 25 c , 25 d and 25 e are connectors 14 d , 15 d , 16 d , 17 d and 18 e of the electrical magnification setting unit 14 , the electrical focusing unit 15 , the lighting unit 16 , the Exchange unit 17 or self-diagnosis unit 18 . The connectors 14 d , 15 d , 16 d and 18 e are connected to the power supply means 14 a , 15 a , 16 a and 18 a via sub-switches 14 c , 15 c , 16 c and 18 d of the units 14 , 15 , 16 and 18 , as well as over current protectors 14 e , 15 e , 16 e and 18 f such as fuses, and the power supply means 14 a , 15 a , 16 a and 18 a are also connected to the control means 14 b , 15 b , 16 b and 18 b . The overcurrent protector 24 has a capacity larger than that of the overcurrent protectors 14 e , 15 e , 16 e or 18 f of each unit, so that the overcurrent protector 24 does not become active earlier than the latter protectors. The control means 14 b , 15 b and 16 b are connected to connectors 14 f , 15 f and 16 f as well as to connectors 14 g , 15 g and 16 g , while the control means 18 b are connected to a connector 18 g and the display means 18 c . In addition, arranged in the exchange unit 17 are additional connectors 17 b and 17 c . The connectors 14 f , 15 f , 16 f and 17 b are connected to connectors 19 a , 19 b , 19 c and 19 d , which are connected to cables 20 a , 20 b , 20 c , 20 d and a common line 26 and further the common line 26 is closed to a foot switch unit 27 . Furthermore, the connectors 14 g , 15 g , 16 g and 17 c on connectors 28 a , 28 b , 28 c and 28 d , respectively, which are connected to one another by a connector 28 e , connected to the connector 18 g of the self-diagnosis unit and one common feed line 29 . In addition, it is possible to install a display means 18 c 'on the stand 11 and to connect the display means to the control means 18 b via a feed line 30 , a connector 28 f , a connector 28 h and a feed line 31 , as shown in FIG. 5.

The internal configuration of the magnification setting means 13 a is shown in the block diagram according to FIG. 6A. The enlargement setting means 13 a consist of a connector 32 a , connectable to egg NEN connector 21 a and a lens drive motor 33 a , connected to the connector 32 a . Fig. 6B shows the internal configuration of the Fokussiermit tel 13 b in the form of a block diagram, wherein the focusing means 13 b of a connector 32 b consist, connectable to a connector 21 b, and a Mikroskoptubusantriebsmotor 33 b, connected to the connector 32 b. Fig. 6C illustrates the internal figuration of the illumination means 13 c in the form of a block diagram, wherein the illumination means 13 c to a connector 32 c comprise connectable c, to a connector 21 and a lamp 33 c connected to the connector 32 c comprise.

Fig. 7A shows a block diagram of the internal configuration of the electric magnification adjustment unit 14 , wherein the power source means 14 a comprise a transformer 34 a , which is connected to the overcurrent protector 14 e and serves for isolation and voltage transformation, a motor drive power source circuit 35 a , which is connected supplies to an output terminal of the transformer 34 a and DC voltage power for the operation of a motor, and a control power source circuit 36 a , which is also connected to the output terminal of the transformer 34 a and supplies alternating power for the control. Furthermore, the control means 14 b comprise a motor control circuit 37 a for controlling the voltage to be supplied to the motor 33 a via the connector 14 f , etc., the outputs being supplied by the motor drive power source circuit 35 a and the control power source circuit 36 a , and a current - / Voltage detection circuit 38 a is connected to the output terminal of the control power source device 36 a and supplies data regarding the motor control circuit 37 a to the self-diagnosis unit 18 via the connector 14 g , etc., while it detects the motor drive current / voltage by the motor control circuit 37 a flows. Fig. 7B shows a block diagram of the internal configuration of the electric focusing unit, the power source means 15 a , which are connected to the connector 15 d via the sub-switch 15 c and the overcurrent protector 15 e , a transformer 34 b , which performs functions similar to those in the Circuit of the power supply 14 a , a motor drive power source circuit 35 b and a control power source circuit 36 b include. The control means 15 b are equipped with a motor control circuit 37 b , which functions similarly to each of the circuits in the control means 16 b , and a current / voltage detection circuit 38 b . The motor 33 b ( FIG. 6B) is controlled by the output supplied from the motor control circuit 37 b via the connector 15 f , etc., and data relating to the motor drive current are supplied from the voltage detection circuit 38 b to the self-diagnosis unit 18 via the connector 15 g , etc. delivered. Fig. 7C shows a Blockdia program the internal configuration of the illumination unit 16, wherein the power source means comprise 16 a a transformer 34 c which is joined is connected to the overcurrent protector 16 e and performs voltage transformation, isolation and chip, and a control power source circuit 36 c, which is connected is supplied to the output terminal of the transformer 34 c and DC power for control. Furthermore, the control means 16 b consist of a lamp voltage control circuit 37 c for controlling the voltage to be supplied to the lamp 33 c via the connector 16 f with the outputs supplied by the transformer 34 c and the control power source circuit 36 c , and a current voltage detection circuit 38 c is provided , which is connected to the output terminal of the control power source circuit 36 c and data relating to the lamp voltage control circuit 37 c to the self-diagnosis unit 18 via the connector 16 g , etc., while the lamp ignition current / voltage flowing through the lamp voltage control circuit 37 c is detected.

Fig. 8 illustrates an exchange unit, which consists only of a cover 39.

Fig. 9A is a block diagram of the internal configuration of the self-diagnosis unit 18 , wherein the power source means 18 a consist of a transformer 34 d , which is connected to the overcurrent detector 18 f and causes the isolation and voltage transformation, and a power source circuit 36 d , which is connected supplies to the output terminal of the transformer 34 d and two DC voltages. Furthermore, the control means 18 b comprise a current / voltage monitor circuit 37 d , which is connected to one of the output terminals of the power source circuit 36 d and the currents and voltages in the other units via the connector 18 g , etc., monitored using signals, supplied by the current / voltage detection circuits of the units thereof, and a diagnosis circuit 38 d which is connected to the other output terminal of the power source circuit 36 d, and faults and normal operating conditions in the individual units are determined using signals supplied by the current / voltage monitor circuit 37 d and the display means enables the assessed results to be displayed. In addition, it is possible to replace the power sources 18 a with other power sources 18 a ', composed as exemplified in Fig. 9B, from a battery power source 34 d ' and a power source circuit 36 d ', connected to the battery power source 34 d ' via a sub-switch 18 d 'and an overcurrent protector 18 f ', and it is not necessary in this case to connect the power source means to the connector 25 e . The following is the description of the startup for the self-diagnosis to be performed by the self-diagnosis unit, which is similar to that as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication SHO-19 318/64.

FIG. 10 exemplifies logical calculations for the electric magnification setting unit 14 (focusing unit 15 ), while FIG. 11 shows an example of the logical calculations for the lighting unit 16 . With reference to FIG. 10, the respectively decided output A or B means normal operation of the unit 14 ( 15 ), C , D or E mean abnormal conditions in the motor control circuit 37 a ( 37 b ), F means wire break in the motor 33 a ( 33 b ), G means abnormal conditions in the motor control circuit 37 a ( 37 b ), H means short circuit in the motor 33 a ( 33 b ), and I means abnormal conditions in the power source means 14 a ( 15 a ). Furthermore, in Fig. 11 a means the result of normal operation in unit 16 , b means short circuit of the output, c means lamp breakage, d means fault in the lamp voltage control circuit 37 c , and e means fault in the power source means 16 a . Based on the respectively decided outputs described above, the disturbances are indicated by the display means 18 c , the configuration of which is shown in FIG. 12, where they consist of light emitting diodes.

In Fig. 12, 18 c LED's 40 a to 42 e and 43 are arranged on the display. Regarding the functions of these LEDs, 40 a , 40 b and 40 c are used for the display of imperfections in the electrical adjustment unit 14 , the LEDs 41 , 41 b and 41 c are used for the display of imperfections in the Electric focusing unit 15 , the LEDs 42 a , 42 b , 42 c and 42 d and 42 e are used to display interference points in the lighting unit 16 , and LED 43 is used to display a normal result of the initial diagnosis. The circuit is built up so that the LED 40 a ( 41 a ) lights up when the determined result of the self-diagnosis unit 18 of the electrical magnification adjustment unit 14 (focusing unit 15 ) I ( FIG. 10), the LED 40 b ( 41 b ) is lit when the decided results are C , D , E or G , the LED 40 c ( 41 c ) lights up when the decided results are F or H , and no LED lights up when the decided result is A or B is. Furthermore, the LED 42 a lights up when the decided result from the self-diagnosis unit 18 is with respect to the lighting unit 16 e ( FIG. 11), the LED 42 b lights up when the decided result is d , the LED 42 c lights up when the judged result is b or c, and no LED lights up when the judged result is a.

The circuit arrangement described above is constructed for normal self-diagnosis after the electrical system is supplied with electrical power. The surgical microscope according to the present invention is also capable of self-diagnosing only the illuminant prior to normal diagnosis, for example when the surgical microscope is powered on, with a means including a debugging means for initial diagnosis of the illuminating unit 16 and normal diagnosis which is specifically described below.

Fig. 13 shows a circuit diagram of these means, wherein the reference symbol L _{M represents} a main lamp, which is chosen so that it is ignited for the lighting, with L _S is a replacement lamp, which is not selected for the lighting, V _M and V _S denote voltage detectors connected between the terminals of the main lamp L _M and the replacement lamp L _S , and I _d represents a current detector arranged on the terminal of the main lamp L _M and the replacement lamp L _S and connected to the control circuit 16 b , these components being connected to a control circuit 44 and the voltage monitoring circuit according to FIG. 9A. With 45 an opening / closing sensor for the lid of a lamp housing 46 is referred to, which receives the main lamp L _M and the spare lamp L _S , and in order to avoid malfunctions as a result of vibration of the sensor, the error eliminating means are constructed so that the microscope only can then be operated if it is confirmed that the lid is kept closed continuously for at least a defined time. Reference numeral 47 be a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the lamp housing 46 and forms part of a temperature monitoring circuit which causes an alarm lamp (not shown) to flicker in the event of an alarm signal for the user when the temperature in the lamp housing 46 exceeds a predetermined level. The reference symbol S ₁ denotes a selector switch for connection to a terminal a of a control means 16 b or a terminal b on the diagnostic circuit 38 d . A measured voltage / current level for the lamp ignition can be provided for the lamps L _M or L _S if the selector switch is connected to terminal a , while a low current can flow to the lamps L _M or L _S for the initial diagnosis. The current for the initial diagnosis is set at a low level to prevent the lamps from igniting during the initial diagnosis and since the lamps need not be ignited before the surgical microscope is started. The reference symbol S ₂ represents a selector switch for optional connection to the terminal c of the main lamp L _M or the terminal d of the replacement lamp L _S. The switch control of the selector switches S ₁ and S ₂ is carried out via the control circuit 44 . The reference symbol SW represents a remote control switch unit for controlling the main lamp L _M and the replacement lamp L _S by means of control circuit 44 and the reference symbol 47 'denotes a selector switch for the selection of a lamp for connection to the switch-on and the initial diagnosis. Reference numeral 48 denotes a light setting switch for turning on the lamp, selected by the selector switch 47 '(in this case, the main lamp L _M ) even when the same is turned off, and reference numeral 49 denotes a circuit breaker for turning the selected main lamp L _M ON / OFF . The switches 47 ', 48 and 49 are arranged in the remote control switch unit SW . The diagnostic circuit 38 d decides on normal / abnormal conditions of the power source voltage, lamp voltage or lamp current, fed in by the control unit 44 , for example as listed in the logic calculation table in accordance with FIG. 11. Reference numeral 50 denotes a memory circuit for storing the decisions Results and is reset by Energieab switching off the circuit or opening the lamp housing 46th The various results, achieved by means of the diagnostic circuit 38 d , are displayed by the display means 18 c via a display circuit 51 .

The above-described troubleshooting means are described in terms of their functions. First, the diagnostic functions of the debugging means will be explained with reference to FIGS. 14 to 19. When the power source means is turned on at step 100 in Fig. 14, the control circuit 44 closes the selector switch S ₁ to terminal b and connects the selector switch S ₂ to terminal c to the main lamp L _M before the control circuit 44 automatically starts diagnosis (at step 101 ) stacks. When the diagnostic circuit 38 d flows the low current to the main lamp L _M , the voltage detector V _M and the current detector I _d detect voltage and current, respectively, and supply the voltage and the current in the form of pulse signals to the control circuit 44 for decision, whether normal or abnormal behaves nit of each output are present, based on the judged pulses that are input d-dimensional in the diagnostic circuit 38 in response to the Erfassungssig supplied to the control circuit 44 from the Diag noseschaltkreis 38 d (step 103). If voltage or current supplied to the lamp L _{M is} temporarily abnormal for a period shorter than a preset period, this is judged to be no abnormality, and the program returns to step 103 (step 104 ). When the lamp voltage is judged to be abnormal, an ignition circuit 46 M (Fig. 13) to be abnormal judged at step 106, regardless of the normal or abnormal state of the lamp current and the LED 42 b Glow tet in the display unit 18 c on. If only the lamp current is abnormal, this is judged to be the breakage of the main lamp L _M at step 107 , the LED 42 c on the display means 18 c lights up, and the program proceeds to step 116 ( Fig. 16) to complete the initial diagram nose. If the main lamp L _{M is} classified as normal at step 103 , the selector switch S _{2 is connected} to terminal d for the initial diagnosis of the replacement lamp L _S at step 108 in FIG. 15 and the low current flows. Normal or abnormal condition of current for the spare lamp L _S is judged in a manner similar to that for the initial diagnosis of the main lamp L _M. If an abnormal condition is detected depending on whether this condition is temporary, it is judged at step 111 . If the lamp voltage is abnormal, the ignition circuit 46 S is judged to be abnormal (step 112 ) and the LED 42 d lights up on the display means 18 c . If only the lamp current is abnormal, this is judged as the breakage of the replacement lamp L _S at step 113 and LED 42 e lights up in the display means 18 c while the program returns to step 116 to complete the initial diagnosis. If the replacement lamp L _{S is also} judged to be normal at step 109 , the LED 43 on the display means 18 c lights up and the initial diagnosis is completed (step 116 ). The description will be given below with respect to the time table shown in Fig. 18. When the initial diagnosis starts ( a - 2 ) when the instrument is powered ( a - 1 ), voltages and currents, for example, of the order of 5 V and 5 mA, are applied to the main lamp L _M and the spare lamp L _S applied ( a - 3 , a - 4 ) and the pulses of voltage and current to be applied to the main lamp L _M are held at HIGH levels, as indicated by ( a - 5 ) and ( a - 6 ) while the voltage is applied for the initial diagnosis. 32 evaluation pulse signals are successively applied to the diagnosis circuit 38 d at intervals somewhat shorter than 10 ms ( a - 7 ). When the HIGH level of the lamp current (A - 6), for example, outside - and (A - 6) (a 5) has been successively 15 times detected at least, the diagnostic circuit 18 judges d this as a normal state of the lamp current (a - 8). If the current flowing to the main lamp L _{M is set} to the LOW level while the lamp voltage is applied, the judged pulse signal is output, and if the signal has been successively output 15 times or more, it is judged that the lamp current is abnormal and the main lamp L _{M is} defective. If the judgment pulse signal indicating the LOW level has been successively detected 14 times or less, the abnormality is considered to be transient and no lamp current abnormality, etc. is detected. The debugging means operate in a similar manner for the spare lamp L _S , as indicated by ( a - 9 ) to ( a - i 2 ) in FIG. 18. Furthermore, the troubleshooting means work in a very similar way for normal diagnosis, different from the initial diagnosis. If an abnormal condition is detected by the initial diagnosis, the troubleshooting means will excite the surgical microscope after the defective component has been repaired. The troubleshooting means are designed so that the initial diagnosis is made not only when the microscope is turned on, but also when the opening / closing sensor confirms that the cover of the lamp housing 46 has been opened after it has been opened and when the temperature sensor is detected Internal temperature in the lamp housing 46 , which exceeds a preset level, regardless of the operation and the idle states of the surgical microscope.

The following is a description of troubleshooting after the initial diagnosis, ie the functions for normal diagnoses. For the normal diagnosis of the lighting means, the control circuit 44 connects the selector switch S ₁ to terminal a of the control means 16 b and connects the selector switch S ₂ to terminal c of the main lamp L _M after completion of the initial diagnosis. The power source voltage, applied to the ignition circuit 46 M , is monitored by the voltage / current detection circuit 38 c in the control means 16 b . Further, at step 117, normal or abnormal voltage and current conditions, the main lamp L _M , are judged in the flowchart of FIG. 17. If both are abnormal, it is judged at step 118 depending on whether the abnormal state is maintained for a period longer than a defined time or not when the lamp voltage is normal, the ignition circuit 46 M becomes abnormal judged as long as the light setting switch 48 is not set to OFF (step 120 ), the LED 42 b on the display means 18 c lights up, and the program returns to step 117 . If only the lamp current is abnormal, the main lamp L _M is judged to be defective and LED 42 lights up on the display means 18 c (step 123 ), if the selector switch S _{2 is connected} to terminal d of the replacement lamp L _S , the LEDs 42 d and 42 e are lit on the display means 18 c (steps 121 and 124 ). Further, if the lamp voltage and current are normal at step 117 , the normal diagnosis continues. In the time chart of FIG. 19, which is similar to that of FIG. 18, the lamp ignition voltage is applied ( b - 3 ) after the initial diagnosis ( b - 2 ) has ended. Even if the current pulse flowing to the lamp ( b - 5 ) is temporarily set to the LOW level and an abnormal flag is detected ( b - 6 ), the diagnosis circuit 38 d does not detect an abnormal state unless the judgment pulse signal ( b - 7 ) has been successively generated 15 times. (B - 7) when the lamp current pulses to the LOW level be maintained for a long time at x _2, but the judgment pulse signal is successively generated 15 times or more, and the diagnostic circuit 38 d detects the abnormal state and judges this as lamp breakage.

In addition, the normal diagnoses for the electric magnification adjusting unit 14 and the electric focusing unit 15 are carried out in similar processes. Accordingly, the display means 18 c informs the operator of the surgical microscope of a fault point immediately when a flow occurs during operation of the surgical microscope. Specifically speaking, for example, the lighting of the LED 40 c informs about a malfunction in the electrical magnification setting means.

Because the debugging tools are able to automatically carry out the initial diagnosis of the lighting equipment before the surgical microscope is put into operation as described above, the troubleshooting means allow the detection and repair of Illuminant disorders before starting a surgical Surgery. In addition, the troubleshooting tools are able to to carry out the initial diagnosis in cases where the lamp cover housing is open or closed or the temperature in the lamps housing rises abnormally, with the debugging means a Detect faulty lamp, wrong lamp replacement, malfunctions in lighting equipment caused by abnormal temperature increase etc. in order to prevent vital errors caused as a result Illuminant interference. Furthermore, the error management the normal diagnoses after the initial diagnosis is handled for the continuous recording or repair of Malfunctions in the illuminants, the electrical magnification adjusting means and the electrical focusing means. Furthermore the troubleshooting means assess the defects so that the Inform the service personnel about the faulty location Mieren, so that a quick and reasonable repair is made can be.

In addition, since the power source means of the individual units are independent of each other in the configuration described above, a malfunction in one unit can not affect the functions of the other units, further improving the reliability and safety of the surgical microscope, and since individual interference detection functions have independent power source means, the surgical microscope can detect normal conditions as long as the power source means of the self-diagnosis unit work normally, even if the power source means of the units 14 to 16 are faulty, for example. In such a case, it is very desirable that those power source means, such as batteries, be provided with backup functions.

Fig. 20A shows a sectional view of the internal wiring in the tip of the long arm 12 a , which consists of an upper arm 52 and a lower arm 53 , with a cross-sectional shape of channels, which are combined so that there is a rectangular space, as in FIG. 20B illustrates results.

Connector 21 a, 21 b, 21 c and 21 d are Stigt BEFE on a connector plate 54 which is formed so as to cover an opening 52 a formed in the upper arm 52nd Cables 20 a , 20 b , 20 c and 20 d of the connectors 21 a , 21 b , 21 c and 21 d are guided through the opening 52 a into the long arm 12 a , bundled into a single connection 55 , and at predetermined positions secured by means of cable holders, for example of the type ER ring accessory, manufactured by Panduit Co. Ltd. Fig. 21 is a Dia gram to illustrate the internal wiring from the long arm 12 a through the intermediate arm 12 b to the top of the stand 11th The reference characters 57 and 58 denote waves for pivoting the upper arm 52 and the lower arm 53 at the root of the long arm 12 a . The reference numerals 59 and 60 denote hollow shafts, attached to the lower end of the long arm 12 a and the upper end of the stand 11 with Bol zen 61 and 62 and protective rings 63 made of a high polymer material are placed over these upper and lower ends. Further, the lower end of the shaft 59 and the upper end of the shaft 60 are rotatably direction of the valley in Horizon at one end and the other end of the intermediate arm 12 b means of ball bearings 64 and bushings 65 mounted so that the long arm 12a, the intermediate arm 12 b and the stand 11 are freely rotatable in the horizontal direction. In addition, the reference numeral 66 designates a ring which is used for fixing the bushing 65 on the intermediate arm 12b . The connection 55 extends from the long arm 12 by a shaft 59 in the intermediate arm 12 b, passes from there through the shaft 60 and is guided in the stator. 11 The connection 55 is held by means of a cable holder 68 a via a protective tube 67 made of glass fibers within the long arm 12 a , by means of a cable holder 68 b in the intermediate arm 12 b and by means of cable holders 68 c , 68 d , 68 e , 68 f and 68 g in stand 11 . Furthermore, a power source cable 22 and a connec tion 26 , which starts from the foot switch unit 27 , as well as a Ver connection 29 , which comes from the self-diagnosis unit 18 , guided into the stand 11 , the power source cable 22 with cable holders 69 a , 69 b , 69 c , 69 d and 69 e is held, while the connection 29 is held at given points with cable holders 70 a , 70 b , 70 c and 70 d . Connectors 25 a , 25 b , 25 c and 25 e for supplying power from the power source cable 22 to the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 are by means of connector supports 71 a , 71 b , 71 c , 71 d and 71 e attached, which are attached at uniform intervals on the inner wall of the stand 11 in places corresponding to the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 and 18th Connectors 28 a , 28 b , 28 c , 28 d and 28 e , which are connected to the line 29 , are attached to the inner wall at uniform intervals by means of connector holders 72 a , 72 b , 72 c , 72 d and 72 e of the stand 11 in places corresponding to the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 and 18th Furthermore, connectors 19 a , 19 b , 19 c and 19 d , connected to feed line 26 and feed line 55 at regular intervals by means of connector holders 73 a , 73 b , 73 c and 73 d on the inner wall of the stand 11 in places corresponding to the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 attached. The fastening structure of the connectors 19 a to 19 d , 25 a to 25 e and 28 a to 28 e on the stand 11 is illustrated in FIG. 22A, the connectors 19 a to 19 d , 25 a to 25 e and 28 a to 28 e are fastened to the connector holders 73 a to 73 d , 71 a to 71 e and 72 a to 72 e by means of screws 74 , while the connector holder 73 a to 73 d , 71 a to 71 e and 71 a to 71 e on Stand 11 are fixed by means of screws 75 . FIG. 22B shows the introduction of the power source cable 22 and the connection 26 in the stand 11. The cable and the connection are guided in the stand 11 through bushings 78 and 79 , which are each fixed in openings of the stand 11 with bush holders 76 and 77 . FIG. 23A and 23B show side views, partially broken away Be or a horizontal section illustrating the structure for connecting each unit with the stand 11. Each unit consists of a chassis 80 and a cover 39 attached to it. The connectors 14 are attached to the chassis 80 f to 16 f, 17 b, 18 g, 4 d to 16 d 17 a, 18 e, 14 g to 16 g, 17 c and g attached to 18 and in the chassis 80 is a circuit (not shown) arranged. Each side wall 80 a of the chassis 80 is guided by four guide pins 82 , fastened to the inner wall of the stand 11 , so as to secure each unit at a predetermined location, where the switches 14 f to 16 f , 17 b , 18 g , 14th d to 16 d , 17 a , 18 e , 14 g to 16 g , 17 c and 18 g are electrically connected to the switches 19 a to 19 d , 28 e , 25 a to 25 e and 28 a to 28 d arranges on stand 11 . Furthermore, each unit is fastened by inserting and tightening screws 83 through holes 11 a , formed in both side walls of the stand 11 , in holes 80 b , formed in the area of the two side walls 70 a of the chassis 80 , and by leading and tightening Screws 85 through a pair of holes 39 a , formed in each of the side walls of the cover 39 in corre sponding threaded holes 34 a , formed in a pair of protruding pieces 84 , attached to the edge of each side wall of the stand 11th A plan view of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit 14, a typical example of the component unit is shown in Fig. 24A, the transformer and overcurrent protector 14 e 34 are a fixed directly to the chassis 80, while the Motorantriebsleistungsquel lenschaltkreis 35 a of the control power source circuit 36 a, the Motor control circuit 37 a and the current detection circuit 38 a each consist of individual circuit boards 86 which are attached to the chassis 80 by means of screws 88 with spacers 87 , inserted as shown in Fig. 24B.

The following explains the exchange unit when it is constructed as a photographic unit 89 .

Fig. 25 shows the composition of the microscope body 13 and the tip of the long arm 12 a in this case. A beam splitting unit 90 is fastened to the microscope body 13 , to which a 35 mm camera 13 d is fastened by means of a connecting part 91 . Further, at the Vergrößerungseinstellmitteln 13 a strob a fixed and the ra 13 d and 13 e are strob to the connector 21 via a cable 92 and a further cable 93 is connected. If the strobe comprises a power source, the strobe 13 e is connected directly to the camera 13 d via a cable 94 , and the cable 93 is unnecessary. The inner confi gure the camera of the Strobs is illustrated in the block diagram Fig. 26A shows, the camera 13 d a light measurement circuit 33 d and a Aufspulschaltkreis comprises 33 e while the strob f 13 e from egg nem trigger pulse generator circuit 33 and a Strobröhre 33 g is available. Fig. 26B is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of the photographic unit 89 , which consists of power source means 89 a and control means 89 b . The power source means 89 a are equipped with a transformer 34 e , which is connected to an overcurrent protector 89 e and is used for insulation and voltage transformation, a high-voltage charging circuit 35 e being connected to an output terminal of the transformer 34 e and serving for a high voltage to win for charging, and a control power source circuit 36 e is provided, which is connected to the other output terminal of the transformer 34 e and serves to provide a DC power for the controller. Furthermore, the control means 89 b are equipped with a charge control circuit 37 e for the control of the current and the voltage, to supply the camera 13 d and the current 13 e via the connector 17 b etc. with the outputs supplied by the high-voltage charging circuit 35 e and the Control power source circuit 36 e , switch circuit 37 f , a switch trigger circuit 37 e , and a current voltage detector circuit 38 e connected to an output of control power source circuit 36 e and used to supply current and voltage data through connector 17 c , etc. to self-diagnostic unit 18 deliver while the current and voltage are detected, supplied to the charge control circuit 37 e .

The exchange unit when it is configured as an XY drive unit 95 will be described below.

The composition of the microscope body 13 and the tip of the long arm 12 a are shown in Fig. 27A, wherein the microscope body is attached to the XY drive means 13 f , which in turn are attached to the tip of the long arm 12 a . Specifically, the XY drive unit 13 f is formed so that it can be attached to the tip by screwing a stop ring 97 over a threaded bolt 96 formed on the top of the XY drive means, as shown in Fig. 27B, after said threaded bolt the tip of the long arm 12 a has been pushed, and a bottom piece 98 of the XY drive means 13 f is constructed so that the microscope body can be attached to it in a similar manner. Furthermore, the XY drive means 13 f are connected to the connector 21 d via a cable 99 . The internal configuration of the XY drive means 13 f is illustrated in the block diagram shown in Fig. 28A, the XY drive means 13 f being equipped with motors 33 h and 33 i for driving the body of the drive means (including the bottom piece) the same) in the X direction or the Y direction. FIG. 28B shows a block diagram illustrating the internal configuration of an XY drive unit according to the XY drive means described above. The XY drive unit consists of a sub- switch 95 c , power source means 95 , connected to the connector 17 a via an overcurrent protector 95 e and control means 95 b . The power source means 95 a are equipped with a transformer 34 f , connected to an overcurrent protector 95 e for insulation and voltage conversion, switching power source means 35 f , also connected to an overcurrent protector 35 f , and control power source means 36 f , connected to the output terminal of the transformer 34 f to provide DC power to the controller. In addition, the control means 14 b are provided with a motor control circuit 37 h for controlling the voltages to be applied to the motors 33 h and 33 i via the connector 17 b , etc., while output signals are received by the switching power source means 35 f and the control power source circuit 36 f , and a current voltage detection circuit 38 f is provided connected to the output from the control power source circuit 36 f and provides data regarding the motor drive current and the voltage through the connector 17 c etc. to the self-diagnosis unit 18 by detecting the motor drive current and the voltage supplied through the motor control circuit 37 h .

A description will be given below if the exchange unit is designed as a coagulation unit 100 . The composition of the microscope body 13 and the tip of the long arm 12 a for this case are shown in FIG. 29, the coagulating means 13 g being connected to the connector 21 d via a cable 101 which is fastened to the microscope body 13 with a cable holder 102 . Fig. 30 is a block diagram illustrating the internal configuration of a coagulation unit according to the coagulants 100 described above. The coagulation unit 100 consists of a sub- switch 110 , power source means 100 a , connected to the connector 17 a via an overcurrent protector 100 e , and control means 100 b . The power source means 100 a are equipped with a transformer 34 g , connected to the overcurrent protector 100 e for insulation and voltage conversion, an output power source circuit 35 g , connected to the output terminal of the transformer 34 g for providing coagulation power, and a control power source circuit 36 g , connected to the other output terminal of the transformer 34 g , in order to provide DC power for the control. Furthermore, the control means 100 b are equipped with an amplifier circuit 37 i for amplifying the output from the output power source circuit 35 g and feeding the output to the coagulation means 13 g via the connector 17 b , an oscillator circuit 37 j and a control circuit 37 k , which are connected to the control power source circuit 36 g for the purpose of controlling current and voltage, to be fed from the amplifier circuit 37 i to the coagulation means 13 g . A current voltage detector circuit 38 g is connected to the output terminals of the control power source circuit 36 g and supplies current and voltage data through the connector 17 c , etc. to the self-diagnosis unit 18 by detecting current and voltage that are supplied through the control circuit 37 h .

Fig. 31 is a perspective view of the foot switch unit 27 , with a rocker switch marked with reference numeral 103 , connected to the electrical magnification adjustment unit 14 with the function of driving the magnification adjustment means 13 a to change the magnification. Reference numeral 104 marks a rocker switch, is connected to the electrical focusing unit 15 and used to move the focusing means 13 b up and down. Reference numeral 105 marks a key switch which is connected to the lighting unit 16 and is used for changing the brightness of the lighting means 13 c . Reference numeral 106 marks an option switch connected to the exchange unit with the purpose of serving as a trigger switch or circuit breaker when the exchange unit 17 is designed as a photo unit 89 or coagulation unit 100 and reference numeral 107 denotes a switch which is also connected to the exchange unit 17 sen is and is used for driving the XY drive means 13 f in the X or Y direction if the exchange unit 17 is designed as such an XY unit 95 . In addition, the photographic unit 89 , the XY drive unit 95 and the coagulation unit 100 have fundamental mechanical structures that are similar to those of the two units 15 and 16 .

The first embodiment has ration the Configu described above and can prevent th disturbances occurring defects in a unit, for example a fault in the power source means 14 a of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit 14, exerts an influence on other units, since the electric focusing unit 15, which Lighting unit 16 and the self-diagnosis unit 18 have their own power source means 14 a , 15 a and 16 a , which are independent of the power source means 14 a of the electrical magnification adjustment unit 14 . Although the operability of the magnification adjustment means 13 a is impaired by such a disturbance, the other units, that is to say the electrical focusing unit 15 and the illumination unit 16 , operate normally, which makes it possible to continue the surgical operation and to increase the safety of the surgical microscope. In addition, the self-diagnosis unit with its own independent power source 18 a may be operated without the inconvenience and serves on the display means 18 c to the fault condition in the power source means 14 a of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit 14 display. In addition, the power source means 14 a are constructed as a small component, which requires checks only within a narrow range. Accordingly, the first embodiment makes it possible to find malfunctions at a high speed and to restore the normal state simply by replacing a defective unit with a new one in a short time, thus improving the maintainability and safety of the surgical microscope.

In addition, a damaged unit can be easily replaced by simply removing the screws 83 , 85 , etc. While replacing a unit, the connections and disconnections between the connectors and between the units and the main switch are made automatically by removing and reinserting the unit from or into the stand as described above.

In addition, an option unit, for example the photographic unit, can be used simply by removing the exchange unit 17 with only the cover 39 and placing the photographic unit 89 in its place. When the unit is brought into position, the connector 19 d is connected to the photographic unit 89 and the timing signal and the exposure control signals required for photography are ready for transmission to the connector 21 d provided at the top of the Arm 12 , whereby the photo graphing can be done easily with the 35 mm camera 13 d and the current 18 e , connected to the connector 21 d as described above. In addition, the other option units, ie the XY drive unit 95 and the coagulation unit 100, can be replaced in similar procedures. Accordingly, it is possible to change the function of the connector 21 d attached to the tip of the arm 12 depending on the type of the unit provided as the exchange unit 17 . In other words, the first embodiment enables modification of the type of the device used and connected to the connector 21 d . As a result, he requires the first embodiment only a small number of units to be attached to the stand 11 and enables the construction of a compact surgical microscope. Furthermore, the first embodiment enables a thin cable to be accommodated in the arm 12 so as to ensure better manageability. In addition, the ability to modify the functions of the connectors at the tip of the arm 12 makes it possible to house the power source means for the equipment required for any surgical operation in the microscope stand and signals and power from the connectors feed, which are arranged at the tip of the arm 12 . Therefore, the first embodiment enables the location of the surgical operation to be freed from the power sources and cables for various devices that are normally arranged around this location, so that there is sufficient space to ensure the operator's work flexibility or to facilitate the help of staff. In addition, the first embodiment has the advantage of reducing the power consumption because the power supply to the units that are not required for a surgical operation is cut off by turning the sub-switches thereof OFF. Furthermore, the first embodiment, in which the power source means have simple functions adapted to the functions of the individual units, has the further advantage of simplifying the design of the power source means and reducing the possibility of accidents in the power source means.

Although the first embodiment comprises a single exchange unit 17 , it is easily possible to provide a larger number of exchange units and for this purpose it suffices to connect the connector signals and / or power source cables for the option units to the connectors that are at the top of the arm 12 are arranged in a ratio of 1: 1.

Although all the control means for the individual units in the first embodiment described above are independent of each other, it is possible to share a power source means of a certain unit with another unit as in the second embodiment described below. Fig. 32 shows a block diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the power source means 14 a , 15 a , 16 a and 17 a of the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 and 17 provide output signals at the same level and are connected to Switch means 108 a , 108 b , 108 c and 108 d of the same structure. Furthermore, the switch means 108 a , 108 b , 108 c and 108 d are connected to the self-diagnosis unit 18 via the connectors 28 a , 28 b , 28 c and 28 d, respectively, and are designed in such a way that they make every movable contact to any of the terminals a , b and c , respectively, in accordance with a signal provided by the self-diagnosis unit 18 . The terminals a on the switch means 108 a , 108 b , 108 c and 108 d are connected to the control means 14 b , 15 b , 16 b and 17 g of the units and to connectors 109 a , 109 b , 109 c and 109 d , arranged in the stand 11 , as will be described later. Furthermore, the terminals b of the switch means 108 a , 108 b , 108 c and 108 d are connected to the connectors 109 a , 109 b , 109 c and 109 d . The terminals c on the switch means 108 a , 108 b , 108 c and 108 d are not connected anywhere. In addition, the self-diagnosis unit 18 is equipped with a switch for controlling the switch means 108 a , 108 b , 108 c and 108 d of the individual units. Specifically, the second embodiment is constructed such that higher priorities of the lighting unit 16, the electric magnification adjusting unit 14 , the electric focusing unit 15 and the exchange unit 17 are given in that order, and that the control unit controls the switch means such that the power source means from a certain one Have a higher priority than the power source resources of another lower priority unit. Regarding the exchange unit 17 , the reference symbol 17 d represents a sub-switch and 17 e denotes an overcurrent protector.

Fig. 33 illustrates the internal wiring in the top of the stand 11 in the second embodiment, which is very similar to that of embodiment 1 except for the connectors 109 a , 109 b , 109 c and 109 d , which are fastened by means of connector holders 110 a , 110 b , 110 c and 110 d on the inner wall of the stand 11 at locations corresponding to the locations of the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 and 17 '.

Should the power source means 16 a of the lighting unit 16 fail in the second embodiment with the configuration described above, the self-diagnosis unit 18 detects this fault in the power source means 16 a , switches the movable contact of the switch means 108 a from terminal a to terminal b and then switches the movable contacts from the terminals a to the terminals b in the switch units 108 a , 108 b and 108 d for the electrical magnification adjustment unit 14 , the electrical focusing unit 15 and the exchange unit 17th Furthermore, if the power source means 15 a of the electrical focus unit have a malfunction, the self-diagnosis unit 18 switches the movable contact of the switch means 108 b of the electrical focus unit from terminal a to terminal c . Then the self-diagnosis unit 18 switches the movable contact of the switch means 108 d from the exchange unit 17 from the terminal b . As can be understood from the above explanation, the second embodiment is capable of automatically switching the power source in the event of a power source failure in a particular unit so as to serve the power source means of a higher priority unit as the emergency power supply with the power source means of a lower priority unit , whereby the unit of minor importance is taken out of operation, but at the same time the safety of the surgical microscope is improved. In particular, if the option means are not connected, the power source 17 f of the exchange unit 17 'is used as auxiliary power source means, the functions of the surgical microscope remain unchanged and the surgical operation can be continued, regardless of disturbances that occur in the power source means of any unit .

Although the configurations of the first and second embodiments described above can be judged from the external appearance, it is possible to achieve the same functions with an internal unit and configuration that cannot be judged from the external appearance, as in the third embodiment described below. In addition, it is possible to divide each unit into a power source unit and a control unit as in the embodiment 3 . FIGS. 34 and 35 are perspective Dartellungen of the stator 11 used in the third embodiment, in senem CLOSED state or in an open state. The stand 11 carries the intermediate arm 12 b (not shown), rotatable in the horizontal direction, has a hollow structure and is fastened to a support column 111 with a projecting strip 111 a along a generatrix of the outer surface and a circular cross section, and is fastened in this way that it can be swiveled or opened and closed freely. The Stän of 11 is designed so that it can be locked by means of a pair of locks while it encloses the support column 111 in the closed state ( Fig. 34) and consists of a left outer frame 114 and a right outer frame 115 comprising the power source units and control units with separate functions, to be described later. The required wiring is arranged in the supporting column 111 , the left outer frame 114 and the right outer frame 115 nec 31421 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285913131000040 0002003933343 00004 31302. In addition, each outer frame has the same length as the above bar 111 a . The connection 55 , which extends from the intermediate arm 12 b ago, is guided through the supporting column 111 and a hole 111 b , formed in the wall, and then leads into the left outer frame 114th The connection 26 from the foot switch unit 27 extends through the support column 111 and a hole 111 c , formed in the wall, and then leads into the left outer frame 114 . Furthermore, the power source feed line 22 extends through the supporting column 111 and a hole 111 c formed in the wall and is then guided into the right outer frame 115 . On the inner walls of the outer frames 114 and 115 , the leads and connectors are arranged in a manner similar to that in the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 36, which shows a horizontal section through the stand, for example, in the left outer frame 114, the connectors 19 a to 19 d , connected to the leads 55 and 26 , respectively, are arranged according to the individual control units and the positions Connector 28 a to 28 e , connected to the lead 29 from the self-diagnosis unit, which will be described later, while the connector 25 a to 25 e , connected to the cable 22 , are arranged in the right outer frame 115 . Further, an electric magnification adjusting unit 116 , an electric focusing unit 117 , a lighting control unit 118 and a self-diagnosis control unit 119 are arranged in the left outer frame 114 , and a space 120 is provided for an option control unit. Further, accommodated in the right outer frame 115 are an electric magnification adjustment power source unit 121 , an electric focusing power source unit 122 , a lighting power source unit 123, and a self-diagnostic power source unit 124 , and a space 125 is provided for the power source unit of an option unit. Each of the control units 116 to 119 and each of the power source units 121 to 124 has, in centers of the inner surfaces thereof, curved surfaces 126 and 127, respectively, with shapes adapted to the outer peripheral surface of the supporting column 111 so as to bring the corresponding unit into contact with each other when the two outer frames 114 and 115 are closed (see Fig. 37). On the outer surface of the control unit 116 to 119 there are connectors 116 a to 119 a and connectors 116 to 119 b to be connected to the above-mentioned connectors 19 a to 19 d , or connectors 28 a to 28 e , while on the inner surface Each control unit has connectors 116 c to 119 c for the electrical connection to corresponding power source units. On the other hand, on the outside surfaces of the power source units 121 to 124 connectors 121 a to 124 a are provided for connection to the said connectors 25 a to 25 e , and on the inside surfaces thereof there are connectors 121 b to 124 b for the electrical Connection to the corresponding control units. The connectors of 25 e , 28 e are connectors for the option unit. When both outer frames 114 and 115 are closed by pivoting in the directions indicated by arrows in Fig. 36, the connector of 116 c to 119 c come into contact with connectors 121 b to 124 b , so that the performance of the power source units 121 to 124, the control units 16 to 119 are supplied. Otherwise, the control circuits and the power source circuits, arranged in the control units 116 to 119 or the power source units 121 to 124, are of the same design as those in the other embodiments already described, so that a new description can be omitted.

The third embodiment has the structure described above and comprises a column as a supporting component for the arm with a gate stiffness higher than that described in the other versions Forms in which a console has a large opening area hen is a supporting component for the arm. Accordingly, the third embodiment, a lower tendency to oscillate the tip of the Mi. low in microscope and reduces the trembling of the observed image.

In the fourth embodiment, the individual units are also subdivided into power source units and control units as in the third embodiment, but in such a way that the configuration can be seen from the outside. Fig. 38 shows in perspective the fourth exporting approximate shape, in which an electrical Vergrößerungseinstellsteuereinheit 128, an electrical focus control unit 129, an illumination control unit 130, a replacement control unit 131 and a SELF-nosesteuereinheit 132 detachably mounted on one side of the stand 11 BEFE are Stigt, while an electric Vergrößerungseinstelleistungsquel Len unit 133 , an electrical focusing power source unit 134 , an illumination power source unit 135 , an exchange power source unit 135 and a self-diagnostic power source unit 137 , are detachably attached to the other side of the stand 11 . Each of these units is inserted and fastened to the stand 11 by means of screws or similar means and corresponding control units and power units are electrically connected to one another when they are in their installation position. The lighting control unit 130 and the lighting power source unit 135 are considered as a typical example, and the structure thereof will be described in detail below. FIG. 39A and 39B are a longitudinal section and horizontal section of the main parts of the stator 11 into which and from which the lighting control unit 130 and the illumination power source unit 135 is inserted or be taken ent. The connector 19 c , connected to the leads 55 , 26 and the connector, connected to the lead 29 , are attached to one of the inner walls of the stand 11 with an interposed connector holder 138 , while the connector 25 c , connected to the cable 22nd , on the other inner wall, is attached with a connector holder 138 b interposed. Furthermore, connectors 130 a , 130 b and 130 c are attached to the lighting control unit 130 with the connector holder 139 interposed, while connectors 135 a and 135 b are attached to the lighting power source unit 135 with the connector holder 140 interposed so that the connector 130 a with the connector Connector 19 c is connected, the connector 130 b is connected to the connector 28 c , the connector 135 a is connected to the connector 25 c and the connector 130 c is connected to the connector 135 b when both units 130 and 135 are inserted and are attached to the stand 11 . In addition, the control circuitry and power source circuitry employed in the two units 130 and 135, respectively, are very similar to those used in the other embodiments described above, and therefore need not be described in detail here. The other units are designed to have a similar configuration. In the fourth embodiment with the construction described above, it is possible to make the electrical connections with respect to the stator and to perform the same functions as in the first embodiment, simply by inserting the individual power source units and control units into the stator 11 and mounting the same on him. In the fourth embodiment, in which each unit is divided into the power source unit and the control unit, it is also possible to reduce the cost of replacement parts when the performance of the control units is improved or when a unit fails. Furthermore, since the power source unit is compatible with any type of control unit, the fourth embodiment enables the normal operation of a defective power source unit to be restored simply by replacing it with another power source unit in cases where a power source unit of a particular control unit has failed.

Although the power source units to the control units are 1: 1 in the third and fourth embodiments described above, it is possible to assign one power source unit to a plurality of control units as in the fifth embodiment described below. Fig. 40 illustrates in perspective the fifth embodiment, which corresponds to the fourth embodiment with the exception that a common power source unit 141 is assigned, for example, the electrical focusing control unit 129 and the lighting control unit 130 and can be freely inserted and removed on one side of the stand 11 . Fig. 41 is a longitudinal section of the main parts of the stand 11 , which is designed to enable the insertion and removal of the common power source unit 141 for the electric focus control unit 129 and the lighting control unit 130 . The surfaces of the inner wall of the stand 11 corresponding to the lighting control unit 130 has the same structure as described above with reference to the embodiment 4 and the connector 19 b , connected to the leads 55 , 26 and the connector 28 b , connected to the lead 29 , are in the area of the inside wall of the stand 11 , according to the electrical focusing control unit 129 with an intermediate connector holder 142 attached. Furthermore, connectors 129 a , 129 b and 129 c are fastened to the electrical focusing control unit 129 with an intermediate connector carrier 143 . On the other hand, at the common power source unit 141, a connector 141 c at the location corresponding to the electrical focusing control unit 129 and a connector 141 a at the location corresponding to the lighting control unit 130 are each arranged with an intermediate connector holder 144 . If both control units 129 and 130 as well as the common power source unit 141 are inserted and fastened to the stand 11 , the connectors 129 a , 129 b and 129 c are each connected to the connectors 19 b , 141 c and 28 b , the connectors 130 a , 130 b and 130 c are connected to the connector 19 c , 141 b and 128 c and the connector 141 a is connected to the connector 25 c , connected to cable 22 (not shown). Incidentally, the control circuitry in the two control units 129 and 130 , as well as the power source circuitry in the common power source unit 141, are the same as those used in the other embodiments described above, so that a separate description may be omitted.

The fifth embodiment having the structure described above is capable of making the electrical connections with respect to the stator of the individual power source units and the individual control units and performing the same functions as those of the first embodiment, simply by inserting and fixing the individual power source units and control units on stand 11 . Since the fifth embodiment is constructed so that a single power source unit is assigned to two control units, the fifth embodiment enables the power source unit to be reduced in cost. In addition, since the two control units are associated with a single power source unit, it is possible to construct the two units to have the same or similar specifications for the power source, such as the electrical magnification adjustment control unit 128 and the electrical focus control unit 129 , as in the block diagram illustrated in FIG. 42. In addition, it is also possible to assign three or more control units to a single power source unit.

Although the self-diagnosis unit is constructed in such a way that it an individual unit in the embodiments 1 to 5, the above has been described, it is possible for the individual units to be so to construct that they have self-diagnostic functions, as in the Sixth embodiment described below.

Fig. 43 shows the sixth embodiment in a block diagram. It has the same configuration as the first embodiment with the exception of the fact that the units 14, 15 and 16 to the Ausgangsklem the power source units 14 men a, 15 a and 16 a are connected and each current / voltage monitoring circuits 14 a, 15 a or 16 a include for monitoring the currents and voltages flowing through the individual control means, as well as display means 14 i , 15 i and 16 i , and that the self-diagnosis unit 18 as well as the feed line 29 and the connector 28 a to 28 e for connection to the self-diagnosis unit 18 for the units 14 , 15 and 16 are not used, or are deleted in Fig. 21 ge.

Fig. 44 shows in perspective the electrical magnification adjustment unit 14 , selected as representative of the units, with essentially the same mechanical structure as in the first embodiment except for the fact that the display means 14 i are arranged on the cover 39 and a current / Voltage monitoring circuit 14 h (not shown) is provided on the chassis 80 in this sixth embodiment.

In this sixth embodiment having the above described configuration, it is possible to detect faults that stungsquellenmitteln in Lei 14 a of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit 14 occur, namely 14 h by means of the current / voltage monitoring circuit and the corresponding data on the display means 14 i identifiable in do. In the sixth embodiment, the wiring within the stand 11 is simplified since it is no longer necessary to use the self-diagnostic unit and to provide the wiring within the stand 11 for connecting the same diagnostic unit to the individual units. Furthermore, the safety of the surgical microscope is increased here, since the individual units have independent self-diagnosis circuits and, should a single self-diagnosis circuit fail in a specific unit, the other units can normally carry out the self-diagnoses with regard to the assigned units. In addition, the detection of the damaged units is easier in the sixth embodiment, since the individual units each have their own display means.

Although the units arranged in the stand 11 are connected to the cable and the leads in the stand and in the arm are connected via the connectors provided in the stand, and the operating elements in the magnification setting means etc. are connected to the cables and leads, which are provided in the stand and in the arm via connectors which are arranged at the tip of the arm in the above-described embodiments, it is possible not to use these connectors which are arranged at the tip of the arm, but rather those which come from the operating components Route cables directly through the arm and stand so as to be connected to the units via connectors as provided in the seventh embodiment to be described below. FIG. 45A and 45B are a Blockschaltungsdia grams and a rear view of the electric Vergrößerungsein unit 14 selected as a typical example for the units used in the seventh embodiment. Approximate shape in this exporting is the connector 19 a for connecting the electrical Ver größerungseinstelleinheit 14 to the Vergrößerungseinstellmittel 14 a and the foot switch unit 27, divided into two connectors 19 a ₁ and 19 a _2, which are connected to the Vergrößerungseinstellmitteln 13 a or Foot switch unit 27 , and the connector 14 f of the electrical enlargement adjustment unit 14 is also divided into two connectors 14 f ₁ and 14 f ₂ , which are connected to the connectors 19 a ₁ and 19 a ₂ . In the other units, too, the connectors for connection to the operating components are arranged separately from the connectors which are to be connected to the foot switch unit 27 . With regard to all other aspects, the structure of the individual units is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Fig. 46 shows in section the internal wiring from the rear end of the long arm 12 a through the intermediate arm 12 b to the top of the stand 11 . In the seventh embodiment, the connectors 19 a , 19 b , 19 c and 19 d are attached to the inner wall of the stand 11, connector holders 146 a , 146 b , 146 c and 146 d being interposed, and the connectors 19 a ₂ , 19 b ₂ , 19 c ₂ and 19 d ₂ are directly connected to a feed line 147 and fastened to the inner wall of the stator 11 , intermediate connector holders 148 a , 148 b , 148 c and 148 d being provided for connection with the foot switch unit 27 . Furthermore, cable clamps 68 b , 68 c , 68 d , 68 e , 68 f and 68 g hold a cable 145 and a feed line 147 , and they are freely attachable and detachable with respect to the inner wall of the stand 11 . Furthermore, covers 151 and 149 are provided on the rear surface of the long arm 12 a and on the upper surface of the intermediate arm 12 b and fastened by means of screws 150 . Otherwise, the structure of the seventh embodiment corresponds to that of the first embodiment.

FIG. 47A, FIG. 47B and FIG. 47C are partly cutaway side views and cross-sections to illustrate the internal wiring har lung in the tip of the long arm 12a of the seventh embodiment, wherein a cable 145 as a bundle of leads 145 A, 145 b , 145 c and 145 d is connected directly to the magnification adjustment means, focus means, lighting means or option means and is received in an inner frame 150 'which is attached in the upper arm 52 . At the top of the upper arm 52 , a cover 151 is fastened with screws 152 so that the opening 52 a of the upper arm is covered, and the cables 145 a , 145 b , 145 c and 145 d are held by means of sockets 153 , the are removably attached to the cover 151 .

The seventh embodiment with the structure described above can perform the same functions as the first embodiment, simply by inserting the individual units into the stand 11 , but has a simpler structure since no connector is attached to the tip of the arm. Furthermore, should a cable in the long arm 12 a , the intermediate arm 12 b or the stand 11 be interrupted, this embodiment allows easy repair of the supply line, since the long arm 12 a and the intermediate arm 12 b each have a removable cover have and the cable clamps 68 b to 68 g freely attachable and removable.

While the cables from the equipment that the magnification tion adjustment means run through the arms and the stand and with the individual units via connectors in the seventh described above Embodiment are connected, it is possible to reverse the cables To shift the senses, i.e. such that the cables are straight from the one extend individual units and run through the stand and the arms and connected to the equipment by connectors connected to the Tip of the arm are attached as described in the below the eighth embodiment.

FIG. 48A and 48B are a block diagram and a Perspecti vische view of the electrical Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit 14, be selected as a typical example of the units in this respect from the guide, for example, with a feed line 154 a extends away directly from the electrical rule Vergrößerungseinstelleinheit 14, without using a connector of 19 a as in the seventh embodiment, and the lead 154 a is connected to the magnification adjustment means 13 a via the connector 21 a , arranged at the tip of the arm. In this case, the lead 154 a is held with a bush 155 attached to a connector support plate 81 . With regard to the other units, the supply lines that are to be connected to the equipment extend directly from the units. With regard to all other aspects, the structures of the individual units are the same as those of the seventh embodiment. Fig. 49 is a sectional view illustrating the in-internal wiring from the rear end of the long arm 12 a through the intermediate arm 12 of the stand 11 for the eighth execution b to the top form and 46 corresponds to the sectional view of Fig. For the seventh embodiment, wherein the cable 55 and the connector 55 and the Verbin 19 a, b 19, c 19 and d 19 are removed. In the eighth embodiment, the leads 154 a , 154 b , 154 c and 154 d (not shown), starting from the units 14 , 15 , 16 and 17 through the stand 11 , the intermediate arm 12 b and the long arm 12 a and are directly connected to the connectors 21 a , 21 b , 21 c and 21 d , which are attached to the cover 151 with screws 156 , as shown in Fig. 50.

The eighth embodiment with the structure described above performs the same functions as the first embodiment when the resources 13 a , 13 b , 13 c and 13 d are connected to the connectors 21 a , 21 b , 21 c and 21 d the tip of the arm are positioned and the repair of damaged leads is simplified because the leads 154 a , 154 b , 154 c and 154 c , which extend from the individual units 14 , 15 , 16 and 17 , easily from both Stand 11 as well as from the intermediate arm 12 b and the long arm 12 a can be detached and also reattached.

While the individual units in the above-described embodiments are directly connected to the power source cable, it is permissible to interpose a primary transformer with a large capacity between the power supply cable and the individual units, as in the ninth embodiment to be explained below. Fig. 51 shows a block diagram of this ninth embodiment, wherein an input terminal 157 d , which allows the selection of the connection to the tapping terminals 17 a , 157 b or 157 c , on the primary side of the transformer 157 is connected to the overcurrent protector 24 , while the secondary side of the primary transformer 157 is connected to the individual units 14 , 15 and 16 via sub-switches 14 c , 15 c and 16 c , as are the individual overcurrent protectors 14 e , 15 e and 16 e . Regarding the other aspects of the structure, the ninth embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment.

In the ninth embodiment described above, it is possible to always supply the correct voltage to the individual units 14 , 15 and 16 , regardless of changes in the local power supply voltages, ie without modification for the commercial line voltage of 100 V by the input terminal 157 d 157 d c are placed for voltages of 120 V or for a mains voltage of 140 V to the terminal 157 to the entspre sponding tap terminals.

This ninth embodiment with the primary transformer 157 has the advantage of being adaptable to different local mains voltages simply by changing the connection to the taps of the primary transformer 157 . In addition, this embodiment has the further advantage that the same units can be used without changing their specifications, even if the surgical microscope is operated with different mains voltages. Another advantage is that the internal wiring between the primary transformer 157 and the individual unit is free of complications, since the connecting cable from the primary transformer 157 is sufficient to supply power to the individual units.

Claims (12)

1. Surgical microscope, comprising a stand ( 11 ), an arm attached to the stand ( 12 ) for holding a microscope at its free end, an electrically controllable device and a control arrangement for this, characterized in that the control arrangement in a plurality is divided by units ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ), each of which function control means ( 14 b , 15 b , 16 b , 18 b ) with a single or more specific functions different from those of the other function control means ( 14 b , 15 b , 16 b , 18 b ) and a power source ( 14 a , 15 a , 16 a , 18 a ), connected to the respective function control means, is provided. 2. Microscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the units ( 14 to 18 ) are designed such that they have individual switches ( 14 c , 15 c , 16 c , 18 c ) connected to the units ( 14 to 18 ) and one common main switch ( 23 ) can be connected to the mains voltage. 3. Microscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the units ( 14 to 18 ), the function control means ( 14 b , 15 b , 16 b , 18 b ) and power sources ( 14 a , 15 a , 16 a , 18 a ) have directly connected to each other. 4. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plurality of units in a first group of units ( 37 a , 38 a ; 37 b , 38 b ; 37 c , 38 c ) with the function control means and a second Group of units ( 34 a , 35 a , 36 a ; 34 b , 35 b , 36 b ; 34 c , 35 c , 36 c ) with the power sources ( 14 a , 15 a , 16 a , 18 a ) are classified, wherein the first group corresponds to the second in a ratio of 1: 1, and wherein the function control means ( 14 b , 15 b , 16 b , 18 b ) and the power sources ( 14 a , 15 a , 16 a , 18 a ) each in a pair of units are connected to each other. 5. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plurality of units are classified into a first group of units with the function control means and a second group with the power sources, and at least two units ( 129 , 130 ) from the first Group of units are assigned to a single unit ( 141 ) belonging to the second group of units, to which both are connected. 6. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plurality of units are classified into a first group of units with the function control means and a second group of units with the power sources, with a single unit of the first group of units at least two units are assigned to the second group of units, such that a single function control means ( 14 b , 15 b , 16 b ) can be connected to at least two power sources ( 14 a , 15 a ; 15 a , 17 f ; 16 a , 14 a ) is. 7. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each function control means and each power source for functional means ( 13 a , 13 b , 13 c ), arranged in the microscope, electrically with one another via connectors ( 19 a , 19 b , 19 c ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c ) are connected, at least one of which is arranged at the free end of the arm and the relevant unit. 8. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the units are mounted on the stand ( 11 ) one above the other. 9. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the units are removably attached to the stand ( 11 ). 10. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a self-assessment unit ( 18 ) which is detachably attached to the stand ( 11 ) and display means ( 18 c ) for displaying operating states of the power sources and function control means in the units , is provided. 11. Microscope according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the stand ( 11 ) has a free space for the attachment of an exchange unit ( 17 ) which is removably stackable with respect to the other units and can be connected to the mains voltage via a main switch ( 23 ) . 12. Microscope according to claim 2 to 11, characterized in that the main switch ( 23 ) with the individual switches ( 14 c , 15 c , 16 c , 18 c ) via a transformer ( 34 a , 34 b , 34 c , 34 d ) connected is.