DE3920392A1 - METHOD FOR DEGRADING AND PROMOTING A SOIL LAYER UNDER WATER, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

A layer of material which is situated under water, for example sand and gravel, where the layer is overlaid with non- exploitable or unwanted bottom layers is extracted by a casing-conveying pipe 1 with a displaceable drill bit 2 and an oscillating rotating mechanism 4. In operation the drill bit passes through the unwanted layers in the closed position together with simultaneous flushing with water and/or air in the drill bit region. The drill bit 2 is opened in the bottom layer for extraction and the suspension is conveyed away through an inner pipe by the air-lift method. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Dismantling and promoting a submerged soil layer, especially sand and gravel, the deposit of not usable soil layers is superimposed.

DE-OS 27 28 853 is a method and a Vorrich tion, with which minerals from underground caves became known spaces can be won. In this procedure, first in not explained a hole produced. In the above The lower and lower areas of the borehole is made using casing pipes protected against collapse of the borehole wall. Will continue proposed that the casing pipes be cemented with the To connect the borehole wall. In the so equipped Bohr The mining and delivery pipe, which consists of three, is inserted into the hole pipes arranged one inside the other, the two outer ren pipes as liquid supply pipes and the inner pipe be called a production pipe. In the area of the Bohr holes, in which no casing pipes are arranged, the Minerals from liquid jets through jet nozzles emerge from the outer liquid supply pipe, detached and crushed, sink into the swamp between the lower fodder pipe and outer liquid supply pipe and are with Hil fed a water jet pump upwards. The outer tube can be rotated continuously or intermittently as needed will.  

The method known from DE-OS 27 28 853 and the Hearing device is very well suited to minerals in Form of a solid rock present, to solve, to crush and promote. For mining sedimentary rocks such as sand or Gravel likes the process and the device technically too function. However, it is uneconomical. At fixed rock is the costly and time-consuming separate process of Boh feeding, drilling and mining and mining justified, since the time required for the dismantling itself is essential is larger than that of sedimentary rocks and also the value of minerals to be mined should be much higher than that of Sedimentary rocks. These are likely to be rare ores, Act manganese or similar. When mining sedimentary rocks, which are much easier and quicker to solve and also does not need to be shredded, the same mining volume is in achieved much less time. It's a total mine much larger volume, and the mining and Conveyor equipment must be implemented quickly and frequently.

The invention has for its object a method for Ab building and promoting a submerged soil layer, in particular sand or gravel, and a device to specify what with in a continuous workflow drilling, loosening and conveying and moving to the next most dismantling point is made possible.

This object is achieved by the characterizing part of the claims 1 and 10 solved. Further advantageous embodiments of the Er invention are specified in the subclaims.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can preferably be used if sedimentary rocks (= loose rock), for example sand or gravel, are to be mined under a soil layer that cannot be used. The soil layers that cannot be used are mostly mud, clay or marl and can be densely stored and solidified in some areas. The loose rock to be mined is usually required as a building material or for land reclamation by flushing, where there is a need to create efficient mining and extraction methods and devices. Furthermore, the conveyors should not be susceptible to wear. A major advantage of the device according to the invention is the lack of pump assemblies susceptible to wear, for example piston or centrifugal pumps. The known air lifting method is used to lift the water-loose rock suspension. Compressed air is blown into the lower area of a pipe which is immersed in a body of water and is open at the bottom, as a result of which the specific weight of the water column in the pipe is reduced compared to the water outside the pipe. The water column in the pipe is pushed upwards, and a continuous flow of compressed air starts a flow. With the least equipment expenditure, pump outputs of, for example, 3000 m ³ / h suspension can be achieved.

Another major advantage of the invention direction lies in the combination of the drilling and Promote and the ability to quickly switch from one in the other mode. It is also very advantageous the use of a turning device that can only be Conveyor tube is attached. An ent is preferred for this Swiveling swing arm movable in opposite directions. The swingarm works with compressed air. Via a control cylinder on the Swingarm will alternate with at least 2 working cylinders Pressurized air, causing the reciprocation, an oscillating movement. The angular momentum of the Swing arms are transferred to the drill pipe via stop cams Torques of up to 40 KNm can be generated with this. The Depending on the type of swingarm, stroke numbers are between 30 and 60 per minute. The independence of this rotating device from  a fixed abutment, for example a drilling rig or a ship or pontoon, allows a wave independent pending work and quick relocation of the device. By the oscillating rotary movement becomes the skin friction of the drilling Conveyor tube reduced so that the dead weight of the drilling Delivery pipe, which in one embodiment is approximately 40 tons is sufficient to effect a fast drilling process. For safety reasons, the turning device is usually on stay attached to a crane. With the described rotation direction is also a problem-free pulling of the drilling and conveying pipe possible, i.e. the crane generates the necessary tractive effort, whereby due to the oscillating turning, greatly reduce the skin friction is changed. Even in the case of misalignment of the drilling conveyor pipe, the for example, if the soil is not usable layer can occur is the function of the rotating device not affected. With deviations up to 45 ° from the The turning device works vertically without any problems.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments le, which are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of the construction on the drilling pipe conveyor,

FIGS. 3 to 5, the entire tool assembly on a pontoon,

Fig. 6 different stages of the procedure for drilling and pumping,

FIGS. 7 and 8 representation of the upper portion of the drilling feed pipe,

Fig. 9 and 10 representation of the lower region of the drilling conveyor tube.

The basic overview of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the drilling conveyor tube 1 , which hangs on a crane suspension 22 in the assembled state. The crane, not shown, stands on pontoon 28 . The first assembly takes place via the assembly frame 27 . The upper end of the drilling conveyor pipe 1 receives: the discharge pipe 23 for the suspension, the rinsing water supply line 24 , the jet water supply line 25 and the air supply line 26 . In the central region of the drilling and conveying pipe there is the rotating device 4 and the floating body 9 , on which the rotating device 4 can be stored and rotated. The driver groove 21 is arranged in the upper region of the drilling conveyor tube 1 . At the lower end of the drilling conveyor tube 1 , the displacement drilling head 2 and the flushing water openings 7 are shown.

FIGS. 3 to 5 show the entire equipment layout on a pontoon 28th The drilling conveyor tube 1 depends on the crane 8 in all operating states. On the pontoon 28 all energy and mechanical devices are mounted, such as the generators 31 , the compressors 32 , the jet water pump 33 , the rinse water pump 34 . The supply of air, jet water and rinsing water, it follows via the hoses 29 to the drilling conveyor tube 1 . The conveyor hose 30 leads the pumped suspension to the spray lines 35 , via which the suspension arrives in the transport ships.

The Fig. 6, a to e show different operating states of the Bohr-conveying pipe 1. Partial figure a shows the drilling conveyor tube 1 in the initial position at the start of drilling on the non-usable bottom layer 12 . The rotating device 4 with the floating body 9 is in its lowest position, namely at the lower end of the driving groove 21 . They are freely movable over the entire length of the driving groove 21 . When the water surface 36 is reached , as shown in the sub-figures c to e, the drilling feed pipe 1 is relieved of the weight of the rotating device 4 and the float 9 . This brings considerable advantages when pulling the drilling conveyor pipe 1 , since the crane 8 is not burdened at least in some areas by this weight, which can be up to 25 tons.

In sub-figure b, the drilling conveyor pipe 1 has already drilled through the unusable bottom layer 12 . The bore was made with a free cut 18 while flushing with pressurized water through the openings 15 in the drill head 2 . The loosened soil material is transported upwards in front of the drilling head 2 via the free cut 18 and thus a cavity is created so that the drilling conveyor tube 1 can penetrate deeper into the soil. Sub-figure c shows the drilling conveyor pipe 1 during further drilling through the soil layer 3 to be mined. The floating body 9 with the rotating device 4 mounted thereon has meanwhile reached the water surface 36 . The partial figures d and e show the drilling conveyor tube 1 in the conveying position. The displacement drilling head 2 is open, the flushing water now exits through the flushing openings 7 in the lower region of the outer tube 1.2 , loosens the soil layer 2 to be broken down and brings it into suspension, which is sucked off through the inner tube 1.1 . The amount of rinsing water in the described embodiment can be up to 3000 m ³ / h, which also corresponds to the amount of the suspension being pumped. This large amount of rinse water is necessary because there is only little water in the bottom layer 3 and on the other hand it must be expected that the free cut in the unusable bottom layer 12 is blocked and therefore no water can flow down through the free cut. In sub-figure e, the approximately cylindrical or conical volume is shown with reference numeral 6 , which can be removed at a mining site. The largest diameter 37 of this volume can be up to approximately 30 m. It is always to be expected that the unusable bottom layer 12 will break off above the volume 6 and sink into the cavity of the volume 6 . Here, the drilling feed pipe 1 can be clamped. By oscillating rotation with the rotating device 4 and flushing through the flushing openings 7 , the drilling and conveying pipe 1 can be released again and then pulled.

Fig. 7 shows in a vertical section the upper region of the drilling conveyor pipe. The inner pipe 1.1 , through which the suspension is conveyed with the soil to be mined, opens into the discharge pipe 23 , to which the delivery hose 38 , not shown, is connected. The outer tube 1.2 is divided into three parts. The upper part 38 is firmly connected to the inner tube 1.1 . In addition, the hydraulic cylinder 17 is fastened to the upper part 38 via a cross member 42 . The middle part 39 can move in the longitudinal direction relative to the upper part 38 , which is made possible by the sliding bearing 41 . This displacement, which serves to open or close the drill head 2 , is brought about by extending or retracting the hydraulic cylinder 17 , which is fastened to the lower part 40 of the outer tube 1.2 via the bracket 43 . The rotating device 4 engages on the lower part 40 via the driving groove 21 . The pivot bearing 19 has the effect that when the lower part 40 is rotated, the central part 39 and thus the entire upper region of the drilling and conveying pipe do not rotate as well. Also shown are the jet water supply line 25 , which supplies the jet water via the annular space 44 and the water supply line 10 to the opening 11 . Via the air supply line 26 and the air supply line 5 , the air is introduced into the inner tube 1.1 for lifting the water column. The rinse water supply line 24 opens into the intermediate space 13 . Fig. 8 shows a horizontal section in the lower region of FIG. 7. Between the inner pipe 1.1 and outer pipe 1.2 , two water supply lines 10 and one air supply line 5 are arranged, which are held by the stiffening pipe section 45 and welded stiffening plates 46 .

Fig. 9 shows a vertical section through the lower region of the drilling-conveying pipe 1. In the area of the displacement drilling head 2 , the drawing shows 2 operating states. The left half shows the closed state when drilling, the right half shows the open state when conveying. The air supply line 5 opens into the annular channel 48 , from which the injected air passes through the air outlet openings 47 into the inner tube 1.1 . Any water can also be pressed into the inner tube 1.1 via the water supply line 10 and the opening 11 . This can either increase the flow rate or increase the water content of the suspension. Since the lower part 40 of the outer tube 1.2 is rotated together with the displacement drilling head 2 during drilling and and sometimes also during conveying and the inner tube 1.1 cannot be rotated, a pivot bearing 20 is arranged in the lower region of the inner tube 1.1 . The rotatable end piece 51 of the inner pipe 1.1 the cross member 52 is fixed, are arranged on the handlebar 53 via a joint 54, open during the lowering of the inner tube 1.1, the drill head segments 55th The drill head segments 55 are fastened to the lower part 40 of the outer tube 1.2 via joints 56 . The solid circular ring 49 with the valve openings 14 is also attached to the rotatable end piece 51 of the inner tube 1.1 . When the inner tube 1.1 is lowered, the massive circular ring 49 with its valve openings 14 sits on the valve cone 50 , whereby the flushing water flow from the intermediate space 13 to the displacement drilling head 2 is blocked and at the same time the openings 7 in the outer tube 1.2 are released. The opening angle α of a drill head segment 55 is determined according to the requirements of the soil in question.

Fig. 10 shows a horizontal section in the lower area of Fig. 9. It shows the massive circular ring 49 with the valve ports 14 between the inner tube and the outer tube 1.1 and 1.2 is firmly connected with the inner tube 1.1.

Reference symbol list

1 drill pipe
1.1 inner tube
1.2 outer tube
2 displacement drilling head
3 soil layers to be removed
4 rotating device
5 air supply line
6 approximately cylindrical or conical volume
7 openings in the lower area of the outer tube
8 crane
9 floats
10 water supply line
11 Opening the water supply line 10
12 unusable soil layer
13 space between inner tube 1.1 and outer tube 1.2
14 valve opening
15 flushing openings in the drill head 2
16 valve
17 Hydraulic cylinders
18 free cutting
19 swivel bearings in the upper area of the outer tube ( 1.2 )
20 swivel bearings in the lower area of the inner tube ( 1.1 )
21 driving groove
22 crane hangers
23 discharge tube for suspension
24 rinse water supply
25 Any water supply
26 Air supply line
27 assembly scaffolding
28 pontoon
29 feed hoses
30 delivery hose
31 generators
32 compressors
33 Jet water pump
34 rinse water pump
35 spray line
36 water surface
37 diameter
38 Upper part of the outer tube 1.2
39 Middle part of the outer tube 1.2
40 Lower part of the outer tube 1.2
41 sliding bearings
42 traverse
43 console
44 annulus
45 stiffening pipe piece
46 stiffening plate
47 Air outlet opening
48 ring channel
49 solid circular ring
50 valve cones
51 rotatable end piece of the inner tube
52 traverse
53 joint
54 handlebars
55 drill head
56 joint
α opening angle

Claims (17)

1. A method for mining and promoting a subterranean soil layer, in particular sand and gravel, the deposit being overlaid by unusable soil layers, characterized in that

• - A drilling conveyor tube ( 1 ) with a hinged displacement boring head ( 2 ) in the initially closed head position with an oscillating rotary movement and simultaneous flushing with water and / or air in the boring head area is passed through the unusable soil layers ( 12 ),
• - The displacement drilling head ( 2 ) is opened within the soil layer ( 3 ) to be dismantled and, by introducing compressed air and / or water within the drilling and conveying tube ( 1 ), an upward flow is set in motion, which also tears the soil to be excavated,
• - After dismantling an approximately cylindrical or conical volume ( 6 ) with the height of the soil to be dismantled layer ( 3 ) the drill pipe ( 1 ) is pulled again and brought to the next funding point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the degradation and promotion tion of the bottom layer ( 3 ) takes place continuously with simultaneous gemi according to the lowering of the drilling conveyor tube ( 1 ) from top to bottom. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the degradation and promotion tion of the bottom layer ( 3 ) takes place continuously while simultaneous gem pulling the drilling conveyor tube ( 1 ) from bottom to top. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drilling-conveyor pipe ( 1 ) is lowered to the lower limit of the soil layer to be mined ( 3 ) and the mining and conveying takes place only in this position. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that during the construction of the bottom layer ( 3 ) through openings ( 7 ) in the lower region of the outer tube ( 1.2 ), water is pressed into the bottom layer ( 3 ) to be removed. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drilling and conveying pipe ( 1 ) is suspended from a crane ( 8 ) in each operating position. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotary device ( 4 ) is supported during the bringing down of the drilling and conveying pipe ( 1 ) and during conveying on a floating body ( 9 ). 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that when drilling through the unusable soil layers ( 12 ) and the soil layer to be removed ( 3 ) with a closed displacement drilling head ( 2 ), rinsing water in the space ( 13 ) between the inner tube ( 1.1 ) and the outer tube ( 1.2 ) is pumped via the valve opening ( 14 ) to the displacement drilling head ( 2 ), where it exits through flushing openings ( 15 ). 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a valve ( 16 ) in the inter mediate space ( 13 ) between the inner tube ( 1.1 ) and outer tube ( 1.2 ) the flushing water flow to the displacement drilling head ( 2 ) when opening the displacement drilling head ( 2) ) locks and at the same time openings ( 7 ) in the lower area of the outer tube ( 1.2 ) are opened, through which the flushing water is pressed outwards. 10. Device for mining an underwater soil layer, in particular sand and gravel, the deposit being overlaid by unusable soil layers, characterized by

• a) a drilling conveyor pipe ( 1 ), consisting of an inner pipe ( 1.1 ) through which the extracted soil is removed, and an outer pipe ( 1.2 ), which serves as a drilling pipe and can be rotated relative to the inner pipe ( 1.1 ),
• b) a displacement drilling head ( 2 ) which can be opened to release the lower end of the drilling conveyor pipe ( 1 ),
• c) a rotating device ( 4 ) which can be moved alternately in opposite directions and which is arranged on the outer tube ( 1.2 ) above the water level,
• d) at least one air supply line ( 5 ), which is arranged between the inner tube ( 1.1 ) and the outer tube ( 1.2 ), via which air can be introduced into the inner tube ( 1.1 ) in the lower region of the drilling and conveying tube ( 1 ).

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that between the inner tube ( 1.1 ) and the outer tube ( 1.2 ) an additional Wasserzu guide line ( 10 ) is arranged, which has an opening ( 11 ) with the interior of the inner tube ( 1.1 ) in the lower Area is connected. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a valve ( 16 ) is arranged in the lower region of the drilling conveyor tube ( 1 ), with which the intermediate space ( 13 ) while simultaneously opening the openings ( 7 ) in the outer tube ( 1.2 ) is lockable. 13. The device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the United drilling head ( 2 ) by lowering the inner tube ( 1.1 ) relative to the outer tube ( 1.2 ) can be opened, the lowering by means of hydraulic cylinders ( 17 ), the are arranged at the upper end of the drilling conveyor tube ( 1 ). 14. The device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the United drilling head ( 2 ) relative to the outer tube ( 1.2 ) has a larger diameter, so that a free cut ( 18 ) occurs during drilling. 15. The device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that in the upper region of the outer tube ( 1.2 ) and in the lower region of the inner tube ( 1.1 ) each have a pivot bearing ( 19 , 20 ) is angeord net. 16. The device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that in the outer tube ( 1.2 ) at least one driver groove ( 21 ) for the rotating device ( 4 ) is arranged. 17. Device according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that a floating body ( 9 ) is arranged under the rotating device ( 4 ), on which the rotating device ( 4 ) can be supported and rotated.