DE3915833C2 - Photovoltaic system and its use - Google Patents

Photovoltaic system and its use

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Publication number
DE3915833C2
DE3915833C2 DE3915833A DE3915833A DE3915833C2 DE 3915833 C2 DE3915833 C2 DE 3915833C2 DE 3915833 A DE3915833 A DE 3915833A DE 3915833 A DE3915833 A DE 3915833A DE 3915833 C2 DE3915833 C2 DE 3915833C2
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
systems
heating
resistance layers
photovoltaic system
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE3915833A
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German (de)
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DE3915833A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Prof Dr Ing Schwab
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE3915833A priority Critical patent/DE3915833C2/en
Publication of DE3915833A1 publication Critical patent/DE3915833A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3915833C2 publication Critical patent/DE3915833C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00421Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/00428Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00Electric heating systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/02Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40Thermal components
    • H02S40/44Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60Thermal-PV hybrids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Photovoltaiksystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentan­ spruches 1. Ein derartiges System ist aus der DE 30 31 493 A1 oder aus der DE 31 42 129 A1 bekannt. Als Photovoltaikelemente werden Solarzellen verwendet, die z. B. als Siliciumzellen, Schottky-Zellen, Stapelzellen bzw. Tandemzellen aufgebaut sind. Bekannt sind auch Dünnschicht-Solarzellen, die in Stärken von wenigen Mikrometern herstellbar sind, was zu Einsparungen an den Ausgangsmaterialien und zu wenig aufwendigen, elastischen Beschichtungen genutzt werden kann. Mehrere derartige Elemente werden häufig als Solarzellenpanels mit Abdeckungen und Rahmen aufgebaut und z. B. auf Gebäudedächern angeordnet. Durch diese Ausführung, durch die Ableitung und Einspeisung des elektrischen Stromes in getrennte Netz- und Speichersysteme werden schwere, massive Panels und aufwendige Leitungs-, Speicher- und Nutzungs-Ausrüstungen erforderlich.The invention relates to a photovoltaic system according to the preamble of the patent pruches 1. Such a system is from DE 30 31 493 A1 or from DE 31 42 129 A1 known. Solar cells are used as photovoltaic elements e.g. B. are constructed as silicon cells, Schottky cells, stacked cells or tandem cells. Thin-film solar cells with a thickness of a few micrometers are also known are producible, resulting in savings on the raw materials and too little complex, elastic coatings can be used. Several such elements are often built as solar cell panels with covers and frames and z. B. on Roofs of buildings arranged. Through this design, through the derivation and Feeding the electrical current into separate network and storage systems heavy, massive panels and complex piping, storage and usage equipment required.

Bei den bekannten Anwendungen von Solarzellen zur Stromerzeugung für die Haustechnik, für die Nachrichtentechnik, für Antriebszwecke etc. liegt also stets eine indirekte Energie­ nutzung vor mit entsprechenden Übertragungsverlusten und relativ hohen Aufwendungen für die neben den Zellen zusätzlich notwendigen Systemkomponenten.In the known applications of solar cells for power generation for home technology, for telecommunications, for drive purposes, etc., there is always an indirect energy use before with corresponding transmission losses and relatively high expenses for the system components required in addition to the cells.

Aus der JP 60-94 782 A ist ein Gewebe mit fadenförmigen Photovoltaikelementen bekannt, das bei Kleidungsstücken verwendet werden kann. Über die Nutzung des Stromes zur Heizung ist in der genannten Schrift nichts ausgeführt. Aus der JP 53-38 994 A ist bekannt, hinter einem Photovoltaikelement eine Fremdstromheizung anzuordnen zur Begrenzung des abgegebenen Stromes. Aus der DE 29 36 764 A1 und der US 40 63 963 sind Photovoltaiksysteme bekannt, bei denen eine Fremdstromheizung zum Enteisen dient.JP 60-94 782 A is a fabric with thread-like photovoltaic elements known that can be used in clothing. About the use of electricity nothing is stated for heating in the cited document. From JP 53-38 994 A known to arrange external current heating behind a photovoltaic element Limitation of the current delivered. From DE 29 36 764 A1 and US 40 63 963 photovoltaic systems are known in which an external current heating is used for defrosting.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Photovoltaiksysteme zur direkten Umsetzung des elektrischen Stromes in Wärmeenergie zu schaffen, die sowohl bei hohen als auch bei geringen Strahlungsintensitäten, das heißt auch bei niedrigen Beleuchtungsstärken und bei diffuser Strahlung, günstige Wärmeleistungen für Beheizungszwecke im Langzeitbetrieb zur Verfügung stellen.The present invention has for its object to direct photovoltaic systems Implementation of electrical current to create thermal energy, both at high as well as with low radiation intensities, that is, also with low radiation intensities Illuminance and with diffuse radiation, favorable heat outputs for Provide heating purposes in long-term operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei gattungsgemäßen Photovoltaiksystemen durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verwendungen zur vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4 beschrieben.In generic photovoltaic systems, this task is characterized by the Features of claim 1 solved. Advantageous designs and uses to the present invention are described in subclaims 2 to 4.

Diese Systeme können als Kombinationen von Solarzellen und elektrischen Widerstands­ schichten in leichter, elastischer, gut handhabbarer Form hergestellt werden. Für die Fertigung der Solarzellen können die bekannten Verfahren durch Aufsprühen, Aufdampfen und Plasmastrahlen eingesetzt werden. Die Ausführung der elektrischen Widerstands­ schichten kann analog zu den in der Elektrotechnik üblichen Verfahren erfolgen. Die elektrische Verschaltung der Solarzellen und der Widerstandsfelder ist in Reihen- und Parallelschaltungen möglich. Durch diese Maßnahmen und durch den Wegfall zusätzlicher Systemkomponenten können gute Wirkungsgrade und niedrige Herstellungskosten erreicht werden, was zu günstigen Gesamtwirtschaftlichkeitsbedingungen führt.These systems can be used as combinations of solar cells and electrical resistance layers in a light, elastic, easy-to-use form. For the Manufacturing the solar cells can the known methods by spraying, vapor deposition and plasma beams are used. Execution of electrical resistance Layers can be carried out analogously to the processes customary in electrical engineering. The electrical connection of the solar cells and the resistance fields is in series and Parallel connections possible. Through these measures and by eliminating additional ones  System components can achieve good efficiencies and low manufacturing costs become, which leads to favorable overall economic conditions.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG Drawing explained.

Dieses Beispiel betrifft die Anwendung der Erfindung für "Solartapeten" zur Raumheizung. Photonen (Lichtstrahlung 3) werden in Dünnschicht-Photovoltaikelementen (1 und 2) absorbiert, wobei freie Ladungsträger gebildet werden. Über die p- und n-Schicht kann eine elektrische Spannung abgegriffen und als elektrischer Strom einer Widerstandsschicht (4) zugeführt werden. Die hier entstehende Wärme wird direkt an Wand- bzw. Decken­ flächen (5) abgegeben. Die Wärmeenergie wird durch Konvektion und vor allem durch Strahlung zur Raumheizung mit großem Behaglichkeitsgrad genutzt. Dabei sind folgende Hinweise von Bedeutung:This example relates to the application of the invention for "solar wallpapers" for space heating. Photons (light radiation 3 ) are absorbed in thin-film photovoltaic elements ( 1 and 2 ), free charge carriers being formed. An electrical voltage can be tapped via the p- and n-layers and supplied as an electrical current to a resistance layer ( 4 ). The heat generated here is given off directly on wall or ceiling surfaces ( 5 ). The thermal energy is used by convection and especially by radiation for space heating with a high level of comfort. The following information is important:

In der modernen Heizungs- und Klimatechnik werden alle wesentlichen biophysikalischen Daten, die den Wärmehaushalt des Menschen betreffen, eingehend untersucht und in zunehmendem Maße auch bezüglich der heizungs- und klimatechnischen Ausrüstungen berücksichtigt. Neben dem Wärmehaushalt des Menschen, der Wärmeabgabe, dem Grundumsatz und der Wärmeaufnahme unter verschiedenen Tätigkeitsbedingungen spielen immer mehr die Untersuchungen bezüglich der Behaglichkeit eine Rolle. Dabei wurde bisher oft nur der jeweils notwendigen Raumlufttemperatur Bedeutung beigemessen mit entsprechender Auslegung und Gestaltung der Heizungs- und Klimaanlagen. Man hat jedoch seit einiger Zeit ermittelt, daß der Mensch sich nicht bei einer ganz bestimmten Raumlufttemperatur (z. B. bei 20°C) stets am behaglichsten fühlt. Von ganz wesentlicher Bedeutung - und dies wird immer mehr erkannt - ist die mittlere Temperatur der den Menschen umgebenden Wände und Flächen, nämlich die sog. mittlere Strahlungstemperatur. Die oft empfohlene Raumlufttemperatur von 20 bis 22°C kann nur dann als günstig angesehen werden, wenn die mittlere Wandtemperatur annähernd gleich der Lufttemperatur ist. Bei zu niedrigen Wandtemperaturen, die im Winter oft gegeben sind, können Raumlufttemperaturen von ca. 20°C durchaus als zu kalt empfunden werden. Die Behaglichkeit hängt also sehr wesentlich von der Wandtemperatur ab.In modern heating and air conditioning technology, all essential biophysical Data relating to the heat balance of humans are examined in detail and in increasingly also with regard to heating and air conditioning equipment considered. In addition to the heat balance of humans, the heat emission, the Play basal metabolic rate and heat absorption under different activity conditions more and more the examinations regarding comfort play a role. It was Up to now, importance has only been attached to the room air temperature required appropriate design and layout of the heating and air conditioning systems. However, one has for some time it has been determined that man is not at a very specific Room air temperature (e.g. at 20 ° C) always feels most comfortable. From all over essential - and this is increasingly recognized - is the mean temperature of the walls and surfaces surrounding people, namely the so-called middle Radiation temperature. The often recommended indoor air temperature of 20 to 22 ° C can only can be regarded as favorable if the mean wall temperature is approximately the same the air temperature is. If the wall temperature is too low, which is often the case in winter room air temperatures of around 20 ° C can be perceived as too cold. Comfort therefore depends very much on the wall temperature.

So werden z. B. im Sommer abends und nachts Raumlufttemperaturen unter 20°C durchaus als behaglich bewertet, wenn nur die Wandtemperaturen entsprechend höher liegen.So z. B. in summer evenings and at night indoor air temperatures below 20 ° C Quite comfortably if only the wall temperatures are correspondingly higher lie.

Die hier vorgeschlagenen "Solartapeten" können die für die Behaglichkeit wichtigen Wandtemperatur-Bedingungen mit großflächigen Verteilungen besonders effektiv erfüllen und gewährleisten. Diese Solartapeten können in Wohn-, Geschäfts- und sonstigen Räumen an Wänden und Decken angebracht und zur Raumheizung genutzt werden. Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß für diese Raumheizungen bzw. Raum­ zusatzheizungen kein mit Kosten verbundener Energieaufwand erforderlich wird.The "solar wallpapers" proposed here can be important for comfort Particularly effectively meet wall temperature conditions with large distributions and ensure. These solar wallpapers can be used in living, business and other rooms attached to walls and ceilings and used for space heating. A special Advantage of the invention is the fact that for these space heaters or space additional heaters no energy costs are required.

Claims (4)

1. Photovoltaiksystem mit einseitig mit Photonen beaufschlagbaren Photovoltaikelementen, die auf dünnen, elastischen Matten oder Geflechten aufgebracht sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
  • - daß auf der Rückseite der Photovoltaikelemente (1, 2) elektrische Widerstandsschichten (4) zur Umwandlung von Strom in Wärme aufgebracht sind und
  • - daß die Photovoltaikelemente unmittelbar mit den Widerstands­ schichten kombiniert sind.
1. Photovoltaic system with photons which can be acted upon on one side with photons and which are applied to thin, elastic mats or meshes, characterized in that
  • - That on the back of the photovoltaic elements ( 1 , 2 ) electrical resistance layers ( 4 ) for converting electricity into heat are applied and
  • - That the photovoltaic elements are directly combined with the resistance layers.
2. Photovoltaiksysteme nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufbringung und Verschaltung der Photovoltaikelemente und der elektrischen Widerstandsschichten in Modultechnik mit unterschiedlichen Größen erfolgt.2. photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized, that the application and interconnection of the photovoltaic elements and the electrical resistance layers using modular technology different sizes. 3. Verwendung des Photovoltaiksystems nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Photovoltaiksysteme für Raumheizungszwecke eingesetzt werden, wobei die Systeme in Form von Solartapeten direkt auf Wände, Decken und raumbegrenzende Flächen (5) aufgebracht werden und so Wärme an diese Flächen (5) abgeben.3. Use of the photovoltaic system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the photovoltaic systems are used for space heating purposes, the systems in the form of solar wallpaper being applied directly to walls, ceilings and space-limiting surfaces ( 5 ) and thus heat to these surfaces ( 5 ) submit. 4. Verwendung des Photovoltaiksystems nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese für Beheizungszwecke eingesetzt werden, wie beispiels­ weise Flächen- und Dachbeheizungen für Gebäude oder für Fahr­ zeuge oder als Oberflächenbeheizungen von stationären und mobilen Behältersystemen oder für die Ausführung von Thermo­ kleidungsstücken.4. Use of the photovoltaic system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, that these are used for heating purposes, such as wise surface and roof heating for buildings or for driving witness or as surface heating of stationary and mobile container systems or for the execution of thermo garments.
DE3915833A 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Photovoltaic system and its use Expired - Fee Related DE3915833C2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3915833A DE3915833C2 (en) 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Photovoltaic system and its use

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3915833A DE3915833C2 (en) 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Photovoltaic system and its use

Publications (2)

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DE3915833A1 DE3915833A1 (en) 1990-11-22
DE3915833C2 true DE3915833C2 (en) 1994-06-30

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106340556A (en) * 2016-09-26 2017-01-18 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 Dual-light solar power generation module

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5308187A (en) * 1993-05-17 1994-05-03 Nix Martin E Parking lot pavement for making hot precombustion air for a fossil fuel burner
WO2010080552A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-07-15 Hulen Michael S Methods of modifying surface coverings to embed conduits therein

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3255047A (en) * 1961-09-07 1966-06-07 Int Rectifier Corp Flexible fabric support structure for photovoltaic cells
DE2247025A1 (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-04-04 Geb Ruck Rosemarie Lupert PANEL-SHAPED HEATING ELEMENT
US4063963A (en) * 1976-10-06 1977-12-20 Bond Jr John W Terrestrial photovoltaic solar cell panel
DE2936764C2 (en) * 1979-09-12 1984-05-17 Klaus Dipl.-Ing. 6101 Fränkisch-Crumbach Hänsel Terrestrial solar generator
DE3031493A1 (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-04-01 Alfred Prof. Dr. 5100 Aachen Boettcher Photovoltaic solar cell has reinforcing fibres - in plastics foil, to limit strain and consequent redn. of efficiency
DE3110877A1 (en) * 1981-03-20 1982-09-30 Girmes-Werke Ag, 4155 Grefrath Method for producing surface heating elements, and a surface heating element produced in this way
DE3142129A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-03-03 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR MODULE

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106340556A (en) * 2016-09-26 2017-01-18 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 Dual-light solar power generation module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3915833A1 (en) 1990-11-22

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