DE388005C - Method for recording and reproducing moving pictures using a continuously moving picture tape and a continuously moving exposure element - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON JANUARY 7, 1924

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 57a GROUP

Paul Nipkow in Berlin-Pankow.

Method for recording and reproducing moving images using a continuously moving picture tape and a continuously moving exposure element.

Patented in the German Empire on May 22, 1921.

In British patent specification 14010 dated 1915 is a method of recording and playback of moving images described, which while avoiding the the usual step-by-step movement to unroll the picture tape in a smooth, continuous run allowed. This is achieved through a likewise constantly ongoing special

'■ "strip of light, which runs across the film and ₇

»O arranged indirectly in front of this, ^{gradually allowing the 1} images designed by the lens to pass through narrow gaps in the form of narrow lines of light, so that the image series on the film is distorted in both directions, but usable for reproduction by the same apparatus. ·

Deviating from this run according to the stipulations of the method on which the invention is based, film and exposure belt parallel each other with the one leading (see. Fig. ι and 2), where · depending on the sign and ■ Size of the lead the-individual images

Drawn correctly or as mirror images, appear and their height is the same, larger rider smaller than the clear height of the picture window while a distortion across the course of the film is out of the question.

In Fig. Ι, O is the lens, F is the film, M is the exposure band and B is the image window; also in the front view of Fig. 2, where the> o exposure gaps S, S, S ... can also be seen if the objective is omitted. The letters in Fig. 4 have the same meaning. The one-sided arrows indicate the direction of movement of the belts. Let the object - the hour hand Z of a clock - (Fig. 3) be "in front", then the observer stands behind the apparatus, face forward. In Fig. 4, for the sake of clarity, the two bands are sketched next to, instead of behind, the fixed picture window, which latter is to be thought of as divided into twelve levels by eleven w-a-correct, equally spaced lines. At the beginning, gap is 5 "at height o, ie at the lower edge of B, which is also marked on F by the dash Fo .

If the tape M (Fig. 4) with the gap S moves steadily upwards with the film ⁷ at rest, the pointer image U is photographed on the film by the action of the lens pointing to 7 o'clock - as seen from the observer - while the object Z ι Clock shows.

It is different if F also moves steadily upwards, for example twice as fast as M. Then, at the points in time 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... that are equidistant from one another, the gap S gradually increases to the heights 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5 ..., the brand Fo but so on bar ι lying tip of the pointer image U is in the same times in the heights of 2, 4, 6, 8j_io .._, ImJZeitpunkt 1 transmitted through S to F and photographed there, one step below Fo, because Fo has already reached the height, 2., _{: j} at time 1. of U through S to F, six steps below Fo photographed at time 6, where Fo is already six steps above height 6. Determined by the point and the circle, the image taken at 1 o'clock shows the image. -Iti-detn-.-Fso; The negative I created after 41. Likewise, the clock image taken at 2 o'clock shows after 10 o'clock, III at 3: 'taken after 9 o'clock, etc. (see Fig. 3 under Z and L).

ν According to the invention behind the continuously running BeHehtiingsband M on the steady and.parallelPzu : M: .. running FiImF at

; i running ratio ww / == ι: 2 recorded N§gatiy £ are therefore not "inversions" w-ife in, tjesi known processes (Fig. 3 ι under G and Z), but rather "mirror images" of the object (Fig 3 under L and Z).

With the imaginary running ratio 1: 2, when column (Fig. 4) arrives at height 12 = upper edge of the picture window, the path m covered by M is equal to b, the path f covered by F at the same time is equal to 2 b. The top and edge image window is photographed at F twelve steps below Fo , so that the total height h of the image thus generated is twelve steps and is equal to b . In this regard, so nothing is in the way, obtained by means of the invention _e images to be projected by a common cinematograph (Figure 3 under L.); However, in order to achieve full correspondence between all images L and G with the same number and Z, the individual negatives I, II, III ... under L would of course have to be made to coincide with the negatives with the same number under G beforehand.

This is achieved easily by rotating the final transparent positive L to i8o ° about its dare right main axis so that the image I Papieruuterkante first comes to lie and image \ ^r I st to top (Fig. 3); then both negatives I show 7 o'clock, both negatives II 8 o'clock, both negatives III 9 o'clock, etc., as desired.

But also the number sequence of the images L (Fig. 3) is to be brought into agreement with those under G for the present further goals, ie the images recorded with the method according to the invention do not have to be turned over to allow correct reproduction at all times , but can also be pushed through the usual apparatus from top to bottom - the opposite of how they were created. The same applies to " ^ voMSCame'Posv & fS '''" ^ customary form if you want to project it correctly and in the correct order according to the invention, and then of course the advance of the exposure band is reversed at the same time. ■ "- * ■ '" · " ^: " * "* ~

Otherwise, the RfcUtu ^ grc & sj common \ "advances of the bands has no influence. The height h of the individual images produced according to the invention is evidently dependent on the ratio tu: f of the paths which the bands fyl -and. *, ^ _R .? cover .in, same times _-; Sets .rnati; * = ■ & == * i; then ft = / - i, see the DiagcanW Fig _{5_:} where the sub-item 1, at 45 °. Intersecting straight line h the boundary of the ordinaries representing the heights is _r while the abscissa indicates the corresponding width, van Ui'f . In the point -i _:: .. is ni'f ^ ~~. i'X Both belts run · with ^ the same .. speed, the lead and the height of the negative is zero. ^ ReqhtSjyon ^ r is the.

The division of F is positive, likewise the height h, the negatives themselves are mirror images of the object. In subpoint 2, wf = 2, the image height h = b = 1, as explained above. Between point 1 and 2, h < b, the negatives have moved closer together, there is a saving in tape length (saving films). To the right of 2 is h> b, the negatives are stretched in length (stretch films). B. of tones - in addition to the actual series of images, any degree of detail can be achieved, as well as in color photography with color grids. To the left of 1 is the lead of the film negative, the images, as in conventional cinema, are inversions of the object. To the left of 0 , the two bands run in opposite directions.

If the distance between adjacent exposure gaps in M is equal to the image window height b at the running ratio m: f - 1: 2, then at time 12 (see above) the upper edge 12 and the lower edge ο of the image window are always simultaneously replaced by 5 or Sb ( Fig. 4) imaged through it, that is, gap S completes a picture at time 12 and gap Sb starts a new one at the same time. Between these two pictures there is a whole picture window height of film without exposure. A film that is cranked to the end in this way always has an unexposed gap of exactly one image height - gap film - between the individual image fields, so it can also be used backwards, with the gaps then being illustrated without further action. The image fields i, 3, 5, 7 ... then represent a process beginning at the beginning of the strip, the even numbers beginning at the end the continuation, so that with such a sweeping film the annoying wrapping around after each screening is unnecessary. It is easy to see that the gaps grow with the spacing of the adjacent gaps, but they also get smaller as the spacings decrease. In particular, picture after picture is continuously followed when the gaps in the present case are spaced ib / 2 apart (see S, SbJ2, Sb Fig. 4). General: Image bands with a continuous sequence are generated if the distance i between the adjacent exposure column is equal to h \ f .

Films with gaps of one image height each are also obtained if the distance k of the column is equal to 2 i (see Fig. 5), where the ordinates of the curves i and k indicate the values associated with the various image heights.

The last imaginary distance 2 i of the exposure column allows when using two lenses next to or one below the other and matching mirror or prism units, the recording of two rows of images at the same time, z. B. stereoscopic image pairs.

If the exposure column is appropriately covered with color filters during the exposure, see above allow the films produced to reproduce the natural colors.

The steady movement of the film facilitates the phonic and photographic recording similar lighting effects - with sweeping films on both sides of the picture series.

The optical device can be supplemented by a second objective O ¹ and possibly appropriately attached collective lenses. Belt M runs between O and O ^1; 0 throws the image of the object onto M, O ¹ the image of M or the image of the lines of light transmitted by the moving columns onto the moving film.

The device described can easily be used for playback when a lighting system is at the place of the observer and at the. Place the object Z with the white projection screen and repeat the movement of M and F as described; M and F advantageously swap places so that M first runs the light source.

The above-mentioned economy films and stretch films (see above) also appear at the correct height on the screen if the same m : f ratio is used when they are reproduced as when they were produced; otherwise normal films will also produce distorted images when projected in the running direction.

The facility described is programmatic. So z. B. the band M can also be shaped as a rotating diaphragm with straight or curved gaps, etc. A cylindrical lens can be arranged in front of each gap, which if possible concentrates a lot of light on it.

Claims (1)

Patent claim: Method of recording and playing back moving images using a continuously moving picture book and a continuously moving exposure element, characterized in that the image band and exposure element run in the same or opposite direction. 1 sheet of drawings.