DE3832745A1 - Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion enginesInfo
- Publication number
- DE3832745A1 DE3832745A1 DE3832745A DE3832745A DE3832745A1 DE 3832745 A1 DE3832745 A1 DE 3832745A1 DE 3832745 A DE3832745 A DE 3832745A DE 3832745 A DE3832745 A DE 3832745A DE 3832745 A1 DE3832745 A1 DE 3832745A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- exhaust
- emission control
- exhaust gases
- turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/005—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
- F01N3/043—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
- F01N2290/02—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement
- F01N2290/04—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement driven by exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/08—Granular material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/22—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in non-catalytic purification apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
Description
In den Abgasen von Kraftmaschinen, die mit fossilen Brennstoffen betrieben werden, sind umweltschädliche Substanzen - SO2, NO und Ruß - enthalten.The exhaust fumes of motor vehicles that run on fossil fuels contain environmentally harmful substances - SO 2 , NO and soot.
Der Ruß kann in Elektrofiltern, durch katalytisches Verfahren und auch durch Verbrennen von der Druck wellenmaschine (Offenlegungsschrift EP 00 72 059) be seitigt werden.The soot can be found in electrostatic filters, through catalytic Process and also by burning the pressure wave machine (laid-open specification EP 00 72 059) be be sided.
SO2 und NO, die in Verbindung mit Wasser Säure bilden, können nur durch Neutralisation unschädlich gemacht werden. Die Neutralisation findet dadurch statt, daß das Abgas durch mehrere Schichten von neutralisieren dem Material, z. B. Kalcium Pellets strömt. Dieses Ver fahren ist in mittleren und großen Feuerungsanlagen in Gebrauch.SO 2 and NO, which form acid in combination with water, can only be neutralized by neutralization. The neutralization takes place in that the exhaust gas through several layers of neutralize the material, e.g. B. Calcium pellets are flowing. This method is used in medium and large combustion plants.
Wenn das Abgas durch die Neutralisationsanlage fließt, entsteht Druckwiderstand. Versucht man, eine solche Neutralisationseinheit direkt mit der Verbrennungsma schine zu koppeln, sinkt deren Wirkungsgrad erheblich.If the exhaust gas flows through the neutralization system, pressure resistance arises. If you try one Neutralization unit directly with the combustion measure coupling the machine reduces its efficiency considerably.
Dieses Problem wird durch die Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß man im Abgasrohr einen Turbokompressor baut, der die Abgase durch die Neutralisationseinheit treibt. Durch dieses Verfahren werden die aus dem Motor kommen den Abgase beschleunigt. Dadurch wird auch der Wirkungs grad des Motors verbessert.This problem is solved by the invention in that that one builds a turbo compressor in the exhaust pipe drives the exhaust gases through the neutralization unit. This will get them out of the engine accelerates the exhaust gases. This also makes the effect degree of engine improved.
Wenn die Abgase durch den Neutralisationsbehälter strö men, sinken ihre Geschwindigkeit und ihre Turbulenz. Der Behälter wirkt daher gleichzeitig auch als Schall dämpfer.When the exhaust gases flow through the neutralization tank their speed and turbulence decrease. The container therefore also acts as sound damper.
Der Ruß setzt sich auf der Oberfläche des neutralisie renden Materials ab. Dadurch fungiert der Neutralisa tionsbehälter auch als Rußfilter. Durch den Neutrali sationsprozeß bildet sich ständig eine neue reine Oberfläche.The soot settles on the surface of the neutralisie materials. This is how the Neutralisa works tion container also as a soot filter. Through the neutral process is constantly developing a new pure one Surface.
Der Inhalt des Behälters muß bei Bedarf ausgetauscht werden. Das Material ist nicht teuer.The contents of the container must be replaced if necessary will. The material is not expensive.
Fig. 1 zeigt die thermodynamischen Verhältnisse des Abgasturbokompressors. Fig. 1 shows the thermodynamic conditions of the exhaust gas turbo compressor.
In Punkt 1. kommen die Abgase vom Motor in die Turbine. Sie entspannen sich durch die Turbine bis Punkt 2. Zwischen Punkt 2. und Punkt 3. ist Zwischenkühlung vor gesehen. Nach dem Kompressor, Punkt 4., fließen die Abgase zu dem Reinigungsbehälter.In point 1, the exhaust gases come from the engine into the turbine. You relax through the turbine up to point 2. There is intermediate cooling between points 2 and 3 seen. After the compressor, point 4., the flow Exhaust gases to the cleaning tank.
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch das System Fig. 2 shows the system schematically
- a) Turbine,a) turbine,
- b) Kompressor undb) compressor and
- c) Reinigungsbehälter.c) cleaning container.
Ein Axial-Typ-Turbokompressor wäre für diesen Zweck am besten geeignet, weilAn axial-type turbocompressor would be best for this purpose best suited because
- 1. der Durchmesser der Anlage klein bleibt und die durch die hohe Drehzahl verursachten Zentrifugal kräfte gering bleiben und1. the diameter of the system remains small and the centrifugal caused by the high speed forces remain low and
- 2. die Gasströmungslinie gerade ist.2. the gas flow line is straight.
Es wäre auch möglich, diese Anlage mit zwei Kompresso ren zu konstruieren. Einen Kompressor als Teil der hier beschriebenen Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung, den anderen für Frischluft, d. h., zum Laden des Verbrennungsmotors. In diesem Falle wäre eine Turbine vom Radial-Typ zweck mäßiger. Eine solche Anlage wäre in der Herstellung sehr teuer.It would also be possible to use this system with two compressors to construct. A compressor as part of this described emission control device, the other for fresh air, d. that is, for charging the internal combustion engine. In this case, a radial type turbine would be useful more moderate. Such a system would be in production very expensive.
Die Welle zwischen Turbine und Kompressor wird zweck mäßigerweise druckluftgeschmiert. Der Kompressor muß aus wärmebeständigem Material hergestellt werden.The shaft between the turbine and compressor is used moderately compressed air lubricated. The compressor must be made of heat-resistant material.
Fig. 3 und 3a zeigen den Axial-Typ-Turbokompressor im Prinzip. Die Turbine und der Kompressor könnten mehrstufig sein. FIGS. 3 and 3a show the axial type turbo compressor in principle. The turbine and the compressor could be multi-stage.
Der Reinigungsbehälter ist so geformt, daß die Abgase vorn eintreten und gezwungen werden, durch den Behäl ter zu strömen. The cleaning tank is shaped so that the exhaust gases Enter the front and be forced through the container to stream.
Der Reinigungsbehälter ist mit Kalciumsplittern oder mit besonders für diesen Zweck hergestellten Pellets gefüllt.The cleaning container is with calcium chips or with specially made for this purpose Pellets filled.
Der Mantel des Behälters ist entweder mit Wasserküh lung oder mit Kühlungslamellen ausgerüstet.The jacket of the container is either with water cooling tion or equipped with cooling fins.
Fig. 4 zeigt den Reinigungsbehälter. Fig. 4 shows the cleaning container.
Vor dem Reinigungsbehälter sind ein Druckmesseran schluß, ein Unterdruckventil und ein Überdruckventil montiert. There is a pressure gauge in front of the cleaning tank circuit, a vacuum valve and a pressure relief valve assembled.
Bezeichnungsliste für Fig. 3 und 3aDesignation list for Fig. 3 and 3a
1 Turbine
2 Luftkanäle
3 Luftleitung
4 Kompressor
5 Wassermantel
6 Öldichtung
7 Lager (als Einzellager dargestellt)
8 Ölleitungen 1 turbine
2 air channels
3 air duct
4 compressor
5 water jacket
6 oil seal
7 bearings (shown as single bearings)
8 oil lines
Bezeichnungsliste für Fig. 4Designation list for Fig. 4
1 Druckmesseranschluß
2 Unterdruckventil
3 Überdruckventil
4 Zwischenwand, Durchflußmöglichkeit unten
5 Zwischenwand, Durchflußmöglichkeit oben
6 Dichtung
7 Kondenswasseranschluß 1 pressure gauge connection
2 vacuum valve
3 pressure relief valve
4 partition, flow possibility below
5 partition, flow possibility above
6 seal
7 Condensed water connection
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3832745A DE3832745A1 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3832745A DE3832745A1 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3832745A1 true DE3832745A1 (en) | 1990-04-26 |
Family
ID=6363797
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE3832745A Withdrawn DE3832745A1 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engines |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE3832745A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109555579A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-02 | 王佩洁 | A kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction automobile exhaust pipe being convenient for cleaning inside |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE897634C (en) * | 1942-06-23 | 1953-11-23 | Karl Dr-Ing Leist | Exhaust gas turbine system for internal combustion engines with partial admission of the turbine blades |
US2687008A (en) * | 1953-03-19 | 1954-08-24 | Nat Mine Service Co | Safety exhaust system for internalcombustion engines |
DE950705C (en) * | 1951-03-28 | 1956-10-11 | Wade Engineering Ltd | Internal combustion engine |
DE1816158U (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1960-08-04 | Theodor Dr Ing Veit | EXHAUST GAS CLEANER IN CONNECTION WITH SOUND ATTENUATION. |
DE1252469B (en) * | 1967-10-19 | YaIe &. Towne Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, Velbert (RhId.) | Device for mechanical and chemical cleaning of exhaust gases | |
US3683626A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1972-08-15 | Estin Hans H | Exhaust purification |
DE2200702A1 (en) * | 1972-01-07 | 1973-07-19 | Erwin Wilken | Waste gas purifier - for vehicle and other systems, using rinsing liquid or non-liquid filter material |
GB1370506A (en) * | 1972-07-26 | 1974-10-16 | Morin A Z Rota S | Method of and apparatus for treating exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
DE2615319A1 (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1976-10-21 | Dresser Ind | GAS WASHERS |
DE8132123U1 (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1985-04-25 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Gas storage of components moving relative to one another |
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 DE DE3832745A patent/DE3832745A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1252469B (en) * | 1967-10-19 | YaIe &. Towne Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, Velbert (RhId.) | Device for mechanical and chemical cleaning of exhaust gases | |
DE897634C (en) * | 1942-06-23 | 1953-11-23 | Karl Dr-Ing Leist | Exhaust gas turbine system for internal combustion engines with partial admission of the turbine blades |
DE950705C (en) * | 1951-03-28 | 1956-10-11 | Wade Engineering Ltd | Internal combustion engine |
US2687008A (en) * | 1953-03-19 | 1954-08-24 | Nat Mine Service Co | Safety exhaust system for internalcombustion engines |
DE1816158U (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1960-08-04 | Theodor Dr Ing Veit | EXHAUST GAS CLEANER IN CONNECTION WITH SOUND ATTENUATION. |
US3683626A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1972-08-15 | Estin Hans H | Exhaust purification |
DE2200702A1 (en) * | 1972-01-07 | 1973-07-19 | Erwin Wilken | Waste gas purifier - for vehicle and other systems, using rinsing liquid or non-liquid filter material |
GB1370506A (en) * | 1972-07-26 | 1974-10-16 | Morin A Z Rota S | Method of and apparatus for treating exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
DE2615319A1 (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1976-10-21 | Dresser Ind | GAS WASHERS |
DE8132123U1 (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1985-04-25 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Gas storage of components moving relative to one another |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
- JP 57-135224 (A). In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, M-173, Nov. 25, 1982, Vol. 6, No. 236 * |
- JP 57-135225 (A). In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, M-173, Nov. 25, 1982, Vol. 6, No. 236 * |
JP 57-105522 (A). In: Patents Abstracts of Japan, M-162, Oct. 8, 1982, Vol. 6, No. 199 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109555579A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-02 | 王佩洁 | A kind of energy-saving and emission-reduction automobile exhaust pipe being convenient for cleaning inside |
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OR8 | Request for search as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
8105 | Search report available | ||
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |