DE3826103A1 - Wave power-station, mounted on a ship, which transmits the up and down movement of the waves, via a single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump, to an oil-hydraulic motor which drives the generator - Google Patents

Wave power-station, mounted on a ship, which transmits the up and down movement of the waves, via a single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump, to an oil-hydraulic motor which drives the generator

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Publication number
DE3826103A1
DE3826103A1 DE3826103A DE3826103A DE3826103A1 DE 3826103 A1 DE3826103 A1 DE 3826103A1 DE 3826103 A DE3826103 A DE 3826103A DE 3826103 A DE3826103 A DE 3826103A DE 3826103 A1 DE3826103 A1 DE 3826103A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
oil
ship
cylinder
hydraulic motor
hydraulic
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DE3826103A
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German (de)
Inventor
Franz Husnik
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Individual
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

A ship which has been taken out of service is suitable for the setting-up of a wave power-station when the said ship is equipped with at least two, in the present case, however, with four guide tubes which run obliquely upwardly from below, the guide tubes being fastened with their end flanges on the keel and on the deck platform. Mounted in the interior of the guide tubes are in each case two roller guides through which likewise guide rods pass obliquely, which guide rods are anchored below the ship in a thick concrete layer. Provided on the upper end are mountings, to the ends of which, on the left-hand side and the right-hand side, is connected in each case one single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump by means of its piston rod, the cylinders belonging to the single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pumps being mounted obliquely on the deck. Located on the cylinder are four connections for the oil-suction and pressure lines which are provided with non-return valves which always make the oil flow possible in only one direction. As a result of the waves, every up and down movement of the ship is used for suction and pressing of the cylinder. The suction takes place from an oil tank, the pressing leads to the oil-hydraulic motor which operates the generator, the oil flows from the oil-hydraulic motor back into the oil tank and is subjected to continuous circulation.

Description

Bei der Erfindung handelt es sich um ein Wellenkraftwerk, welches auf einem ausgedienten Schiff montiert wird. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Wellengang, der ein Schiff mühelos auf und ab bewegt, für umweltfreundliche Energie zu erschließen. Je nach Größe des Schiffes wird es mit drei bis fünf Führungsrohren ausgestattet, welche unten offen in das Meer münden, aber auch oben vorerst offen auf dem Deck befestigt werden. Im Innern der Rohre befinden sich je Rohr zwei Rollenführungen, durch die jeweils eine Führungsstange schräg nach oben führt, an welchen das Schiff auf und ab gleitet. Die Stangen sind tief im Meeresboden in einer dicken Betonschicht verankert und verlaufen deshalb schräg nach oben, um die ankommenden - und wieder zurückflutenden Wellen reibungsloser zu verwerten. Am oberen Ende der Stange befindet sich eine Halterung, welche links und rechts mit je einer Kolbenstange von der Einzylinder-Ölhydraulikpumpe verbunden ist, deren Zylinder ebenfalls schräg nach unten verlaufen und neben den Führungsrohren auf dem Deck befestigt werden. Durch die Auf- und Abbewegung des Schiffes wird die Einzylinderpumpe zum Ansaugen und Drücken von Öl veranlaßt. Mit dem Druck betreibt sie einen Ölhydraulikmotor, welcher über ein Schwungrad mit einem Generator verbunden ist. Das Ansaugen erfolgt aus einen Öltank, welcher immer für je zwei Zylinder verfügbar ist. Jede Kolbenbewegung, ob auf oder ab, saugt und drückt. Um das zu erreichen, sind am oberen und unteren Teil des Zylinders je ein Saug- und Druckanschluß vorgesehen. Alle Saug- und Druckanschlüsse sind mit Rückschlagventilen ausgestattet, welche den Ölfluß immer nur in einer Richtung gestatten. Die Arbeitsweise der Ölhydraulikpumpe ist flexibel und setzt jede Wellenbewegung um, ob stark oder schwach, nur muß bei der Berechnung des Zylinderhubes der Tidenhub mit einkalkuliert werden, welcher je nach Standort sehr unterschiedlich ist. Mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit müssen diese Zylinder in Sonderfabrikation erstellt werden. Wenn das Schiff so belastet ist, daß noch 5000 Tonnen für den Auftrieb verfügbar bleiben, sollte man nur 90% nutzen, damit mehr Spielraum für die Bewegungen verbleibt, das wären dann immer noch 4500 Tonnen. Bei acht Zylindern entfallen auf jeden 562,5 Tonnen. Will man mit weniger Druck arbeiten, kann man die angebotene Leistung auf mehrere Zylinder verteilen. Verbleiben wir erst einmal bei den verbliebenen 4500 Tonnen zur Erstellung einer Leistungsbilanz. The invention is a wave power plant, which mounted on a disused ship. The invention The task is based on the swell that makes a ship effortless moves up and down to tap for environmentally friendly energy. Depending on the size of the ship, there will be three to five guide tubes equipped, which open into the sea below, but can also be fixed open on the deck for the time being. in the Inside the tubes are two roller guides per tube, through which a guide rod leads diagonally upwards, where the ship glides up and down. The poles are deep anchored and run in the seabed in a thick layer of concrete therefore diagonally upwards to the arriving - and again recycle waves flowing back more smoothly. At the upper end the rod is a bracket, which left and right with one piston rod each from the single-cylinder oil hydraulic pump is connected, whose cylinders also run obliquely downwards and attached to the deck next to the guide tubes. The up and down movement of the ship turns the single cylinder pump caused to suck and push oil. With the It operates an oil hydraulic motor which operates via a pressure Flywheel is connected to a generator. The suction takes place from an oil tank, which is always available for two cylinders is. Every piston movement, whether up or down, sucks and presses. To achieve this, are on the top and bottom of the cylinder One suction and one pressure connection are provided. All suction and Pressure connections are equipped with check valves, which allow oil flow in one direction only. The way of working The oil hydraulic pump is flexible and sets every wave movement order, whether strong or weak, must only be used in the calculation of the cylinder stroke, the tidal range can be factored in, which one is very different depending on the location. With high probability these cylinders have to be custom-made will. If the ship is so loaded that there are still 5000 tons for the buoyancy remains available, you should only use 90% with it there would always be more room for movement 4500 tons left. With eight cylinders, each is accounted for 562.5 tons. If you want to work with less pressure, you can do that Distribute the offered power over several cylinders. Remain let's start with the remaining 4500 tons for production a current account.  

Bei einem Auftrieb von einem Meter pro Sekunde sind:With a buoyancy of one meter per second are:

4 500 Tonnen = 4 500 000 kg : 75 = 60 000 Ps oder 44 117,647 Kw4,500 tons = 4,500,000 kg: 75 = 60,000 hp or 44,117.647 kW

Bei 500 cm pro Sekunde= 22 058,823 Kw Bei 250 cm pro Sekunde= 11 029,411 Kw Bei 125 cm pro Sekunde=  5 514,7055 Kw Bei 62,5 cm pro Sekunde=  2 757,3527 Kw Bei 31,25 cm pro Sekunde=  1 378,6763 Kw Bei 15,625 cm pro Sekunde=   689,33815 Kw Bei 7,8125 cm pro Sekunde=    344,66907 KwAt 500 cm per second = 22 058.823 Kw At 250 cm per second = 11 029.411 Kw At 125 cm per second = 5 514.7055 Kw At 62.5 cm per second = 2,757.3527 Kw At 31.25 cm per second = 1 378.6763 Kw At 15.625 cm per second = 689.33815 Kw At 7.8125 cm per second = 344.66907 Kw

Diese Art von Energiegewinnung ist natürlich vorwiegend vom Wellengang abhängig und liefert deshalb auch unterschiedliche Energieleistungen. Man sollte deshalb für die Stationierung einer solchen Anlage Standorte mit lebhaften Wellengang wählen. Wenn man aber bedenkt, was so ein ausgedientes Schiff innerhalb eines Jahres an Energie liefern kann, läßt sich ein Gewinn errechnen, wovon Betreiber anderer Energiesysteme nur träumen können. Hier sind Investoren gefragt, die jetzt schon erkennen, wo die Energie der Zukunft zu holen ist, aber auch zu der Erkenntnis kommen, daß mit umweltfreundlicher Energie sehr gut und mit geringeren Gefahrenrisiko verdient werden kann, denn ohne Gewinn läuft nichts. Hier dürfen Taten an Stelle gut gewählter Worte folgen. Außerdem helfen sie den Werften, der Metallverarbeitenden Industrie und deren Arbeitsplätze zu erhalten, was insgesamt auch gute Auswirkungen auf die Konjunktur haben würde. Auch der Export würde dabei mit profitieren, denn es gibt in Europa und der übrigen Welt genug Stellen, welche für die Stationierung eines solchen Kraftwerkes geeignet sind. Auch der allmähliche Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie wird möglich werden, wir haben uns bisher zusehr darauf verlassen und keine anderen Alternativen gesucht, es gibt genug Lösungen, wenn danach gesucht wird. This type of energy generation is of course predominantly from Depending on the swell and therefore provides different Energy performance. One should therefore for deployment of such a facility choose locations with lively waves. But if you consider what such a disused ship is inside can supply energy in one year Calculate profit, of which operators of other energy systems only can dream. Here investors are in demand, who are already recognize where the energy of the future can be found, but also come to the realization that with environmentally friendly energy be earned very well and with less risk of danger can, because without profit nothing works. Actions are allowed here Follow well chosen words. They also help them Shipyards, the metalworking industry and their jobs to get what overall good effects too the economy would have. The export would also be included benefit because there are enough in Europe and the rest of the world Places for the stationing of such a power plant are suitable. The gradual exit from the Nuclear energy will be possible, so far we have increased rely on it and no other alternatives sought it gives enough solutions if you look for it.  

Es zeigtIt shows

Abb. 1 ein Schiffskörper, ausgestattet mit vier Führungsrohren, welche am Boden und auf dem Deck befestigt werden, durch welche vier Führungsstangen auch durch die angedeuteten Rollenführungen in schräger Lage über das Deck nach oben verlaufen, die Stangen selbst aber unter dem Schiff in einer dicken Betonschicht verankert werden, Fig. 1 a hull, equipped with four guide tubes, which are attached to the floor and on the deck, through which four guide rods also run through the indicated roller guides in an inclined position above the deck, but the rods themselves under the ship in a thick Concrete layer are anchored,

Abb. 2 Darstellung der beiden Einzylinder-Ölhydraulikpumpen, deren Kolbenstangen mit der an der Führungsstange befestigten Halterung verbunden sind, wobei die dazu gehörenden Zylinder ebenfalls in schräger Lage auf dem Deck montiert werden, sowie am oberen und unteren Teil des Zylinders je ein Druck- und Ansauganschluß angebracht sind, Fig. 2 Representation of the two single-cylinder oil hydraulic pumps, the piston rods of which are connected to the bracket attached to the guide rod, the associated cylinders also being mounted in an inclined position on the deck, and one pressure and one each on the upper and lower part of the cylinder Suction connection are attached,

Abb. 3 vergrößerte Darstellung der Rollenführung, welche im Innern des Führungsrohres einmontiert werden, die eine dicht unter dem Deck, die andere dicht über dem Kiel des Schiffes, wobei diese die Aufgabe haben, dem Schiff bei dem Auf- und Abgleiten, bedingt durch den Wellengang, den erforderlichen Halt zu verschaffen, Fig. 3 enlarged representation of the roller guide, which are installed inside the guide tube, one just below the deck, the other just above the keel of the ship, whereby these have the task of the ship during the up and down, due to the Waves to provide the necessary hold,

Abb. 4 die Druckleitung, ausgehend vom oberen - und unteren Zylinderdrucknippel, versehen mit Rückschlagventilen, welche kurz vor einen kleinen Ölhochdrucktank zusammengeführt in diesen einmünden, der die Aufgabe hat, mit seinem komprimierten Ölvorrat, vereint mit dem Schwungrad, die toten Punkte zwischen der Auf- und Abbewegung des Schiffes zu überbrücken, Fig. 4 the pressure line, starting from the upper and lower cylinder pressure nipples, is provided with check valves which, shortly before a small high-pressure oil tank, merge into it, which has the task, with its compressed oil supply, combined with the flywheel, the dead spots between the opening - and to bridge the movement of the ship,

Abb. 5 der Ölhydraulikmotor, dessen Welle mit der Welle des Generators über ein Schwungrad direkt verbunden ist, hinzu kommt noch der Öltank, dessen Öl immer von jeweils zwei Zylindern angesaugt wird, welche dann das Öl über die Druckleitungen zu den Ölhydraulikmotoren weiter drücken, die es dann nach vollendeter Druckleistung an den Öltank zurück liefern, ein Kreislauf, der sich stetig wiederholt, bei genügend Freiraum auf dem Deck kann zusätzlich auch noch die Windkraft genutzt werden. Fig. 5 the oil hydraulic motor, the shaft of which is directly connected to the generator shaft via a flywheel, and then there is the oil tank, the oil of which is always sucked in by two cylinders, which then press the oil further via the pressure lines to the oil hydraulic motors, which then deliver it back to the oil tank after the pressure is complete, a cycle that repeats itself continuously, and with enough free space on the deck, wind power can also be used.

  • Positionsliste:  1= ein Schiff, das zu einen Wellenkraftwerk umgebaut wird, 2= sind Führungsrohre, befestigt auf dem Deck und am Kiel, 3= sind Rollenführungen, welche im Innern der Führungsrohre montiert werden, (vergrößerte Darstellung auf der Abb. 3) 3 a= sind Rollenhalterungen, 3 b= sind Rollen 3 c= sind Rollenachsen 4= sind Führungsstangen, welche unter dem Schiff in einer stabilen Betonschicht fest verankert werden, von da aus durch die Führungsrohre 2 und durch die darin montierten Rollenführungen 3 schräg nach oben führen, an welchen das Schiff bei Wellengang auf und ab gleitet, somit den Vorgang zur Energiegewinnung in Gang setzt, 4 a= eine an der Führungsstange 4 angeschweißte Halterung zur Befestigung der Kolbenstange 11 b, 4 b= eine Verstärkung für die Halterung 4 a, 5= sind an den Führungsstangen 4 angeschweißte Krähenfüße, 6= der obere Abschluß der Betondecke, 7= die Wasserverdrängungslinie des Schiffes, 8= die Richtung, aus der die Wellen vom Meer kommen, 9= die Richtung, in der die Wellen zurück fluten,10= das Deck,11= das Zylindergehäuse von Einzylinder-Ölhydraulikpumpe,11 a= Bodenbefestigung für das Zylindergehäuse 11 auf dem Deck,11 b= Kolbenstange von der Einzylinderpumpe,11 c= sind Druckanschlüsse,11 d= sind Ölansauganschlüsse,12= ein Ölhydraulikmotor, betrieben von der Einzylinderpumpe, betreibt den Generator 14, dessen Welle 15 über das Schwungrad 13 direkt mit der Welle vom Hydraulikmotor verbunden ist,13= ein Schwungrad, das ebenfalls vom Hydraulikmotor verbunden ist,13= ein Schwungrad, das ebenfalls der Überbrückung toter Punkte dient,14= ein Generator,15= sind die Wellen vom Generator und Hydraulikmotor,16= ein Öltank, ausreichend für je zwei Energiesysteme,17= sind Rücksschlagventile,18= sind zusammengeführte Hydraulikleitungen und münden in den kleinen Ölhochdrucktank 19,19= ein Ölhochdrucktank, dient zur Überbrückung von auf und ab,20= Abgang zum ÖlhydraulikmotorPosition list: 1 = a ship that is converted into a wave power plant, 2 = are guide tubes, attached to the deck and on the keel, 3 = are roller guides, which are mounted inside the guide tubes, (enlarged view on Fig. 3) 3 a = are roller brackets, 3 b = are rollers 3 c = are roller axes 4 = are guide rods, which are firmly anchored under the ship in a stable concrete layer, from there through the guide tubes 2 and through the roller guides 3 mounted diagonally upwards , on which the ship glides up and down in waves, thus initiating the process for energy generation, 4 a = a bracket welded to the guide rod 4 for fastening the piston rod 11 b , 4 b = a reinforcement for the bracket 4 a , 5 = are 4 crow's feet welded to the guide rods, 6 = the upper end of the concrete ceiling, 7 = the water displacement line of the ship, 8 = the direction from which the waves come from the sea, 9 = the direction in which the waves flood back, 10 = the deck, 11 = the cylinder housing of the single-cylinder oil hydraulic pump, 11 a = floor mounting for the cylinder housing 11 on the deck, 11 b = piston rod from the single-cylinder pump, 11 c = pressure connections , 11 d = are oil intake connections, 12 = an oil hydraulic motor, operated by the single-cylinder pump, operates the generator 14 , the shaft 15 of which is connected directly to the shaft of the hydraulic motor via the flywheel 13 , 13 = a flywheel, which is also connected by the hydraulic motor, 13 = a flywheel, which also serves to bypass dead spots, 14 = a generator, 15 = the shafts from the generator and hydraulic motor, 16 = an oil tank, sufficient for two energy systems, 17 = are check valves, 18 = are combined hydraulic lines and open into the small high-pressure oil tank 19 , 19 = an high-pressure oil tank, is used to bridge up and down, 20 = outlet to the oil hydraulic motor

Claims (1)

Wellenkraftwerk zum Einbau auf Schiffen, auch ausgedienten Schiffen, je nach Größe mit mindestens zwei, aber in diesen Fall sind es
  • - acht Energieträger, bestehend aus
  • - vier Führungsrohren 2, in dessen Inneren insgesamt
  • - acht Rollenführungen 3 montiert sind, durch welche
  • - vier Führungsstangen 4 von unten schräg nach oben verlaufen, aber am unteren Ende in einer stabilen Betonschicht verankert sind, am oberen Ende befindet sich eine Halterung 4 a, an deren Enden zwei, insgesamt
  • - acht Einzylinder-Ölhydraulikpumpen befestigt sind, mit welchen
  • - acht Hydraulikmotoren 12 betrieben werden, welche mit ihren Wellen 15 über
  • - acht Schwungräder 13 direkt mit den
  • - acht Generatoren 14 verbunden sind, für je zwei Hydraulikzylinder 11 gibt es einen, insgesamt
  • - vier Öltanks 16, welche die ansaugenden Zylinder mit Öl beliefern, welche wiederum das Öl mit hohen Druck zu den Ölhydraulikmotoren drücken um die Generatoren zu betreiben, nach vollbrachter Leistung kommt das Öl vom Ölhydraulikmotor zum Öltank zurück, ein sich regelmäßig wiederholender Vorgang.
Wave power plant for installation on ships, including disused ships, depending on the size with at least two, but in this case there are
  • - eight energy sources, consisting of
  • - Four guide tubes 2 , inside total
  • - Eight roller guides 3 are mounted, through which
  • - Four guide rods 4 run obliquely upwards from below, but are anchored at the lower end in a stable concrete layer, at the upper end there is a holder 4 a , at the ends of which two, in total
  • - Eight single-cylinder oil hydraulic pumps are attached, with which
  • - Eight hydraulic motors 12 are operated, which with their shafts 15 over
  • - Eight flywheels 13 directly with the
  • - Eight generators 14 are connected, there are one for two hydraulic cylinders 11 , in total
  • - four oil tanks 16 , which supply the intake cylinders with oil, which in turn press the oil at high pressure to the oil hydraulic motors in order to operate the generators, after the power has been achieved, the oil returns from the oil hydraulic motor to the oil tank, a regularly repeated process.
DE3826103A 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Wave power-station, mounted on a ship, which transmits the up and down movement of the waves, via a single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump, to an oil-hydraulic motor which drives the generator Withdrawn DE3826103A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3826103A DE3826103A1 (en) 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Wave power-station, mounted on a ship, which transmits the up and down movement of the waves, via a single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump, to an oil-hydraulic motor which drives the generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3826103A DE3826103A1 (en) 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Wave power-station, mounted on a ship, which transmits the up and down movement of the waves, via a single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump, to an oil-hydraulic motor which drives the generator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3826103A1 true DE3826103A1 (en) 1988-12-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE3826103A Withdrawn DE3826103A1 (en) 1988-08-01 1988-08-01 Wave power-station, mounted on a ship, which transmits the up and down movement of the waves, via a single-cylinder oil-hydraulic pump, to an oil-hydraulic motor which drives the generator

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DE (1) DE3826103A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2932842A1 (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-02-28 Sven Anders Prof Noren AGGREGATE FOR UTILIZING MOTION ENERGY
DE3133597A1 (en) * 1981-08-25 1983-03-10 Josef 4050 Mönchengladbach Holzleitner Device for generating energy from the wave motion of water bodies

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2932842A1 (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-02-28 Sven Anders Prof Noren AGGREGATE FOR UTILIZING MOTION ENERGY
DE3133597A1 (en) * 1981-08-25 1983-03-10 Josef 4050 Mönchengladbach Holzleitner Device for generating energy from the wave motion of water bodies

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