DE3819317A1 - Arrangement for the vortex-free introduction of stirrage media (masses) in stratified heat storage containers (vessels) - Google Patents

Arrangement for the vortex-free introduction of stirrage media (masses) in stratified heat storage containers (vessels)

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Publication number
DE3819317A1
DE3819317A1 DE3819317A DE3819317A DE3819317A1 DE 3819317 A1 DE3819317 A1 DE 3819317A1 DE 3819317 A DE3819317 A DE 3819317A DE 3819317 A DE3819317 A DE 3819317A DE 3819317 A1 DE3819317 A1 DE 3819317A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
heat storage
arrangement
medium
storage containers
vortex
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE3819317A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Berthold Fege
Erika Kuesel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHWERIN ENERGIEKOMBINAT
Original Assignee
SCHWERIN ENERGIEKOMBINAT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SCHWERIN ENERGIEKOMBINAT filed Critical SCHWERIN ENERGIEKOMBINAT
Publication of DE3819317A1 publication Critical patent/DE3819317A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0069—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

The invention relates to the heat storage, required within the framework of the supply of district heating, and the use of potential energy and geothermy, in non-pressurised tank storage containers in accordance with the principle of stratified storage. The invention proposes an arrangement which is intended to convert the turbulent flow in the feed (delivery, supply) lines and internal fittings into a lamina outflow into the storage container. According to the invention, use is made for this purpose of perforated plate rings which are arranged on the rim of the diffusers and favourably affect the ratio of the flow resistance and dynamic viscosity (Reynolds number). <IMAGE>

Description

Anwendungsgebiet der ErfindungField of application of the invention

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Kurzzeitspeicherung von Wärme­ energie in großräumigen Behältern, bei denen die Trennung zwischen dem höher temperierten Medium geringerer Dichte (geladenes Medium) und dem niedrigtemperierten Medium höherer Dichte (Entlademedium) über eine Grenzschicht mittlerer Dichte erfolgt - Schichtenspeicher­ prinzip.The invention relates to the short-term storage of heat energy in large containers where the separation between the higher-temperature medium of lower density (charged medium) and the low-temperature medium of higher density (discharge medium) over a boundary layer of medium density - stratified storage principle.

Charakteristik des bekannten Standes der TechnikCharacteristic of the known prior art

Die Verknappung fossiler Energieträger zwingt zu einer zunehmen­ den Nutzung von Anfall-, Umwelt-, Sekundärenergiepotential, auch wenn dieses nicht kontinuierlich bzw. im Belastungsgang der Nutzung zur Verfügung steht.The scarcity of fossil fuels is forcing one to increase the use of seizure, environmental, secondary energy potential, too if this is not continuous or in the load cycle of the Use is available.

Insbesondere zwingt die von den Gebrauchsgewohnheiten geprägte Spitzenlastcharakteristik der Elektroenergieabnahme dazu, die Fernwärmeauskopplung bei Kraftwerken zu unterbrechen und die Einkopplung von Alternativenergieströmen über elektrisch anzutrei­ bende Wärmepumpen auszusetzen.In particular, the one shaped by the usage habits forces Peak load characteristics of the decrease in electrical energy to that Interrupting district heating at power plants and the Coupling of alternative energy flows via electrically driven suspending heat pumps.

Zur Anpassung des diskontinuierlich bzw. unterbrochenen Wärme­ stromes an den zeitlich anders gearteten Verbrauch von Wärmeenergie­ strömen werden zunehmend Wärmespeicher eingesetzt.To adjust the discontinuous or interrupted heat electricity to the temporally different consumption of thermal energy currents, heat stores are increasingly being used.

Für die kostengünstige Speicherung großer Energiemengen werden druckreduzierte bzw. drucklose Tankbehälter, als Speichermedium vorzugsweise aufbereitetes Wasser, eingesetzt.For the economical storage of large amounts of energy reduced or unpressurized tank containers as storage medium preferably treated water used.

Das bei Nutzung von Alternativwärmequellen in der Regel niedrige Temperaturniveau kommt der drucklosen Wärmespeicherung entgegen. Zur Erreichung geringer spezifischer Speicherinvestkosten werden zunehmend Anordnungen nach dem Schichtenwärmespeicherprinzip nach bekannten Lösungen genutzt.This is usually low when using alternative heat sources Temperature level accommodates the unpressurized heat storage. To achieve low specific storage investment costs increasingly arrangements based on the stratified heat storage principle used according to known solutions.

Die Zuführung und Abführung des kalten bzw. aufgeladenen Mediums erfolgt bekanntermaßen vorzugsweise über zentrisch unten bzw. oben angeordnete Einbauten, die aufgrund der Gestaltung eine wesentliche Verminderung der Ausströmgeschwindigkeit in den mit quasi stehendem Medium angefüllten Behälter gewährleisten sollen.The supply and discharge of the cold or charged medium as is known, preferably takes place centrally below or built-in fixtures, which due to the design a substantial reduction in the outflow velocity in the  Ensure containers filled with quasi standing medium should.

Insbesondere beim Anfahren (Laden, Entladen) des Speichers kommt es, bedingt durch die großräumige Gestaltung der Anordnung mit geringen Reibungswiderständen, zur verwirbelten Einleitung des Mediums über die Einbauten und damit zum Aufbau einer größeren Grenzschicht mittleren Temperaturniveaus mit mittlerer Dichte, die eine Nutzung nicht mehr erlaubt und damit die effektive Ausnutzung der investierten Behälterkapazität einschränkt.Especially when starting up (loading, unloading) the storage comes it, due to the large-scale design of the arrangement low frictional resistance, for the swirled introduction of the Medium over the internals and thus to build a larger one Boundary layer of medium temperature level with medium density, which no longer allows use and thus the effective one Limited use of the invested container capacity.

Die bekannten Anordnungen können aufgrund der zu erreichenden geringen Druckverluste beim Geschwindigkeitsabbau in den Zulei­ tungen und den Einbauten und aufgrund der im großräumigen Wärme­ speicherbehälter auftretenden geringen Strömungswiderstände den laminaren Ausstrom aus den Einbauten mit Reynoldszahlen Re < 2320 nicht gewährleisten.The known arrangements can not guarantee the laminar outflow from the internals with Reynolds numbers Re <2320 due to the low pressure losses to be achieved when reducing the speed in the supply lines and the internals and due to the low flow resistances occurring in the large-scale heat storage tank.

Die Reynoldszahlen liegen im Bereich der Zuleitungen in der Größenordnung 2 · 106, an der Abrißkante der vorzugsweise ein­ zusetzenden zentrisch anzuordnenden Diffusoren um Re 0,1 · 106, im Wärmespeicherbehälter selbst bei Geschwindigkeiten um 10-3 m/s um Re 6 · 105.The Reynolds numbers in the area of the feed lines are of the order of 2 · 10 6 , at the tear-off edge of the diffusers, which are preferably to be placed centrally, by Re 0.1 · 10 6 , in the heat storage tank even at speeds of 10 -3 m / s by Re 6 · 10 5 .

Ziel der ErfindungAim of the invention

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, durch geeignete Anordnungen den Aus­ nutzungsgrad der zu investierenden Wärmespeicherbehälter durch Verminderung des Grenzschichtaufbaues im Betrieb zu erhöhen.The aim of the invention is, by suitable arrangements, the off efficiency of the heat storage tank to be invested through Increase in the reduction of the boundary layer structure in operation.

Darlegung des Wesens der ErfindungState the nature of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Bildung einer größe­ ren Grenzschicht mittlerer Temperatur und Dichte infolge turbu­ lenten Eintretens der Lade- bzw. Entlademedien über die Einbau­ ten in den großräumigen Wärmespeicherbehälter durch das Anordnen geeigneter Vorrichtungen an der Abrißkante der Einbauten zu ver­ meiden.The invention has for its object the formation of a size ren boundary layer of medium temperature and density due to turbu lenten occurrence of the loading or unloading media via the installation by placing them in the large heat storage tank suitable devices on the trailing edge of the internals to ver avoid.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das prinzipielle Problem der günstigen Ge­ staltung des Verhältnisses von Reibungswiderständen und dynami­ scher Zähigkeit des Speichermediums dadurch gelöst, daß an den Austrittsöffnungen der Diffusoren Lochplatten geeigneter Loch­ größe und Teilung angeordnet werden, die über die auftretenden Strömungswiderstände einen Stau innerhalb der Einbauten und ein laminares, radiales Abströmen außerhalb der Einbauten der Schich­ tung nach der Dichte gewährleisten.According to the invention, the basic problem of cheap Ge shaping the relationship between frictional resistance and dynami shear toughness of the storage medium solved in that the  Exit openings of the diffusers perforated plates suitable hole Size and division are arranged over the occurring Flow resistances a jam within the internals and one laminar, radial outflow outside the internals of the layer ensure density.

Das Verhältnis von Lochgröße und Teilung der Lochplatten ist so zu gestalten, daß ein effektiver Ausströmquerschnitt von ca. 50% bezogen auf die Ringfläche an der Abrißkante der Diffusoren er­ reicht wird.The ratio of hole size and pitch of the perforated plates is like this to design that an effective discharge cross section of approx. 50% based on the ring area at the tear-off edge of the diffusers he is enough.

Die laminare Ausströmung wird prinzipiell auch bei kleiner Lochung, mit entsprechend geringer effektiver Ausströmfläche erreicht, je­ doch steigen die Druckverluste über die Lochblenden mit den ent­ sprechenden Pumpenenergieverlusten stark an.The laminar flow is in principle also with small perforations, achieved with a correspondingly smaller effective outflow area, each however, the pressure losses across the pinholes increase with the ent speaking pump energy losses strongly.

AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment

Die Erfindung wird in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Zeich­ nung näher erläutert.The invention is in one embodiment with reference to the drawing tion explained in more detail.

  • Tankbehälterspeicher 1
    Diffusoren oben, unten 2
    Lochplattenringe 3     Tank container storage 1
    Diffusers above, below 2
    Perforated plate rings 3

Ein Tankbehälterspeicher 1 wird mit zentrisch angeordneten, als Diffusoren 2 ausgebildeten oberen und unteren Einbauten ausge­ rüstet.A tank container 1 is equipped with centrally arranged, designed as diffusers 2 upper and lower internals.

Der Wasserstand im Wärmespeicherbehälter wird im Bereich ober­ halb des oberen Diffusors gehalten.The water level in the heat storage tank is in the upper area held half of the upper diffuser.

Der Wärmespeicher soll aus entladenem Zustand - die Mischzone steht im Bereich des oberen Einbaues an - geladen werden. Dazu wird über die Ladeleitung aufgeheiztes Medium dem Speicher über den oberen Diffusor zugeführt. Über den unteren Diffusor wird die gleiche Menge abgeführt, so daß der Wasserspiegel kon­ stant bleibt. Entsprechend der Gestaltung der Diffusoren erfolgt ein Geschwindigkeitsabbau bis an den Rand beim Ausströmen bzw. Geschwindigkeitsaufbau beim Einströmen.The heat accumulator should be discharged - the mixing zone is in the area of the upper installation - be loaded. For this purpose, medium heated to the charging line is transferred to the storage tank fed through the upper diffuser. Via the lower diffuser the same amount is removed, so that the water level con remains constant. According to the design of the diffusers a reduction in speed to the edge when it flows out or Speed build-up when inflowing.

Durch die Richtungsänderungen sowie den Geschwindigkeitsabbau des beim Laden als Ausströmdiffusor wirkenden oberen Einbaues werden wirbelnde, rollende Bewegungen des Mediums verursacht, die aufgrund der geringen Strömungswiderstände in den Einbauten selbst nicht zu verhindern sind.Through the changes in direction and the reduction in speed of the upper installation which acts as an outflow diffuser when loading whirling, rolling movements of the medium are caused,  due to the low flow resistance in the internals themselves cannot be prevented.

Durch den am Rand des Diffusors angebrachten Lochplattenring, vor­ zugsweise der Lochung 16 mm, Teilung 22,4 mm versetzt, wird ein Strömungswiderstand hervorgerufen, der innerhalb des Einbaues einen Druckstau auslöst.Through the perforated plate ring attached to the edge of the diffuser preferably 16 mm perforation, 22.4 mm pitch offset, a Flow resistance caused within the installation triggers a pressure jam.

Durch die Lochplattenringe strömt das Medium laminar und horizon­ tal gerichtet in den Behälter aus.The medium flows laminar and horizon through the perforated plate rings valley directed into the container.

Mit dem Abstand vom Einbau reduziert sich die Geschwindigkeit radial weiter bis die Wandung des Behälters erreicht wird.The speed decreases with the distance from the installation radially further until the wall of the container is reached.

Nach Erreichen der Behälterwand erfolgt der vertikale Schichtungs­ aufbau im Behälter mit oben aufgebautem Medium niedriger Dichte, unten abströmendem kalten Medium höherer Dichte und langsam nach unten gefahrener Grenzschicht zwischen warmem und kaltem Medium. Die Ausdehnung der Grenzschicht ist durch die laminare Ausströmung aus dem oberen Diffusor bei Beginn des Ladevorganges erheblich eingeengt worden, da die rollenden Medienbewegungen keine Verwir­ belung der Grenzschicht mit Vermischung der Medienströme mehr hervorrufen können.Vertical stratification occurs after reaching the container wall construction in a container with medium of low density built up, cold medium of higher density flowing downwards and slowly lower boundary layer between warm and cold medium. The expansion of the boundary layer is due to the laminar outflow from the upper diffuser at the start of the charging process considerably been restricted since the rolling media movements are no confusion the boundary layer with mixing of the media flows more can cause.

Beim Entladen erfolgt der Vorgang gleichartig zu Entladebeginn im Bereich des unteren Diffusors.When unloading, the process is the same at the start of unloading in the area of the lower diffuser.

Claims (1)

Anordnung zur Sicherung der wirbelfreien Einleitung von flüs­ sigen Speichermedien in Schichtenwärmespeicherbehälter (1) über oben bzw. unten angeordnete Diffusoren, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß an der Abrißkante der Diffusoren (2) Lochplatten­ ringe (3) vorgesehen werden, die eine laminare horizontale Ausströmung des Mediums mit daraus folgendem definiertem Auf­ bau der Temperaturschichtung entsprechend den Dichteunter­ schieden gewährleisten.Arrangement for securing the vortex-free introduction of liquid storage media in layered heat storage containers ( 1 ) above or below arranged diffusers, characterized in that rings ( 3 ) are provided on the tear-off edge of the diffusers ( 2 ), which provide a laminar horizontal outflow of the medium with the following defined structure of the temperature stratification according to the differences in density.
DE3819317A 1987-07-20 1988-06-07 Arrangement for the vortex-free introduction of stirrage media (masses) in stratified heat storage containers (vessels) Withdrawn DE3819317A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD87305135A DD263113A1 (en) 1987-07-20 1987-07-20 ARRANGEMENT FOR THE WIRELESS INTRODUCTION OF STORAGE MEDIA IN LAYER WASTE STORAGE TANK

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3819317A1 true DE3819317A1 (en) 1988-12-22

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DE (1) DE3819317A1 (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT405681B (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-10-25 Vaillant Gmbh Hot water storage tank has hot water inlet baffle - to deflect from vertical downwards to radial horizontal, and to slow, incoming flow of hot water
DE19825463C2 (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-08-03 Rolf Berty Thermal layer storage
EP1273466A1 (en) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-08 Denso Corporation Heat Storage Tank
EP1197645A3 (en) * 2000-10-11 2004-01-21 Denso Corporation Heat storage tank in cooling water circuit
EP1489374A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heat storage tank, in particurlar stratified heat storage tank
EP1584882A3 (en) * 2004-04-08 2008-05-07 Wolf GmbH Water tank, more particularly multi-layered water storage tank
EP1936297A2 (en) * 2006-12-09 2008-06-25 Martin Kraus Cartridge for a multi-layered hot water storage tank
DE102007027570B3 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-10-23 Stadtwerke Chemnitz Ag Loading and / or unloading system and method for loading and / or unloading a thermal energy storage device with an insert provided between the diffuser plates
DE102007027571B3 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-10-30 Stadtwerke Chemnitz Ag Loading and / or unloading system and method for loading and / or unloading a thermal energy store with an insert in an interior region of a diffuser
DE102007056719A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 Technische Universität Chemnitz Loading device for thermal storage of fluid i.e. water, has outlet unit with outlet arranged closely under cover of storage container, and liquid outlet for forming layer of storage within middle region of storage container
DE102007050674A1 (en) 2007-10-20 2009-09-24 Solarhybrid Ag Multifunctional heat transformation storage as an energy center of heating and air conditioning systems
DE102012024073A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2013-08-01 Vaillant Gmbh Stratified storage for storing hot water for heating purpose and for industrial water supply, has separate water storage unit with supply line and opening that opens in cup-shaped guide units, which are partially arranged to each other
CN109416188A (en) * 2016-06-03 2019-03-01 A.O.史密斯公司 Quantizer for pot-type water heater
WO2019110058A1 (en) 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 Technische Universität Chemnitz Method and device for charging and/or discharging a thermal energy store

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3902258A1 (en) * 1989-01-26 1990-08-02 Babcock Werke Ag Apparatus for storing liquid
DE4221668C2 (en) * 1992-07-02 1998-07-16 Ulrich Dipl Ing Leibfried Hot water stratified storage tank with counterflow heat exchanger
DE19710803C2 (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-09-02 Wagner & Co Solartechnik Gmbh Hot water storage system

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT405681B (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-10-25 Vaillant Gmbh Hot water storage tank has hot water inlet baffle - to deflect from vertical downwards to radial horizontal, and to slow, incoming flow of hot water
DE19825463C2 (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-08-03 Rolf Berty Thermal layer storage
EP1197645A3 (en) * 2000-10-11 2004-01-21 Denso Corporation Heat storage tank in cooling water circuit
US6742480B2 (en) 2001-07-04 2004-06-01 Nippon Soken, Inc. Heat storage tank
EP1273466A1 (en) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-08 Denso Corporation Heat Storage Tank
EP1489374A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heat storage tank, in particurlar stratified heat storage tank
EP1584882A3 (en) * 2004-04-08 2008-05-07 Wolf GmbH Water tank, more particularly multi-layered water storage tank
EP1936297A2 (en) * 2006-12-09 2008-06-25 Martin Kraus Cartridge for a multi-layered hot water storage tank
EP1936297A3 (en) * 2006-12-09 2009-10-07 Martin Kraus Cartridge for a multi-layered hot water storage tank
EP2003414A3 (en) * 2007-06-12 2014-01-22 eins energie in sachsen GmbH & Co. KG Charging and/or discharging system and method for charging and/or discharging a thermal energy storage with an insert provided between the diffuser plates
DE102007027570B3 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-10-23 Stadtwerke Chemnitz Ag Loading and / or unloading system and method for loading and / or unloading a thermal energy storage device with an insert provided between the diffuser plates
DE102007027571B3 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-10-30 Stadtwerke Chemnitz Ag Loading and / or unloading system and method for loading and / or unloading a thermal energy store with an insert in an interior region of a diffuser
EP2003415A2 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-17 Stadtwerke Chemnitz AG Charging and/or discharging system and method for charging and/or discharging a thermal energy storage with an insert provided inside a diffuser
EP2003414A2 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-17 Stadtwerke Chemnitz AG Charging and/or discharging system and method for charging and/or discharging a thermal energy storage with an insert provided between the diffuser plates
EP2003415A3 (en) * 2007-06-12 2014-01-22 eins energie in sachsen GmbH & Co. KG Charging and/or discharging system and method for charging and/or discharging a thermal energy storage with an insert provided inside a diffuser
DE102007050674A1 (en) 2007-10-20 2009-09-24 Solarhybrid Ag Multifunctional heat transformation storage as an energy center of heating and air conditioning systems
DE102007056719A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 Technische Universität Chemnitz Loading device for thermal storage of fluid i.e. water, has outlet unit with outlet arranged closely under cover of storage container, and liquid outlet for forming layer of storage within middle region of storage container
DE102012024073A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2013-08-01 Vaillant Gmbh Stratified storage for storing hot water for heating purpose and for industrial water supply, has separate water storage unit with supply line and opening that opens in cup-shaped guide units, which are partially arranged to each other
EP2765364A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-08-13 Vaillant GmbH Stratified storage
CN109416188A (en) * 2016-06-03 2019-03-01 A.O.史密斯公司 Quantizer for pot-type water heater
EP3465016A4 (en) * 2016-06-03 2020-01-22 A.O. Smith Corporation Stratifier for tank-type water heater
US11280557B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2022-03-22 A. O. Smith Corporation Stratifier for tank-type water heater
WO2019110058A1 (en) 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 Technische Universität Chemnitz Method and device for charging and/or discharging a thermal energy store
DE102017129184A1 (en) 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 Technische Universität Chemnitz Method and device for loading and / or unloading a thermal energy store

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD263113A1 (en) 1988-12-21

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