DE3806668A1 - LADDER - Google Patents

Abstract

A ladder (10) has rails (11) and wide rungs (12). The wide rungs (12) are designed as C profiles which are open at the bottom and have a treading surface (16) which is protected against slipping. The rails (11) in the traction zone have either a simple, correspondingly dimensioned limb or a box profile which increases the moment of resistance. In this case, it is possible for identical wide rungs (12) to be employed in ladders of different design. An optimised modular production can be provided. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a ladder, its spars and Rungs are formed from thin-walled metal profiles, which are connected to each other by riveting or welding are and with the spar profile an outer web and attached to it in one piece, towards the other leg-pointing front leg and rear leg having.  

A distinction is made between step and rung ladders. Sprouts conductors are at angles from 65 ° to 75 ° and Step ladders set up at angles from 60 ° to 70 ° or installed. Shoots up to one Tread depth of 80 mm. Are in practice However, sprouts are only 20 to a maximum of 60 mm wide.

With step ladders and stairs it is already known that the profile parts adapted to the respective purpose for the steps, mostly light metal extruded profile parts, between after to insert open U-profiles or C-profiles of the spars and fix it in there.

The mass of the conductors has entered the spar profile in the middle offset, relatively thin and with a small footprint seen rungs, for a simple reason. While the step ladder or stairs are quite obvious can only be installed in one direction and in the other investment direction is not usable at all the rung ladder designed symmetrically so that it is on the Actuating direction does not arrive. Accordingly, both must Outside areas of the spars be designed so that they as Train zones come into consideration and that the rungs or Steps can be arranged in the center of the spars.  

If you want to make ladders of different lengths, where the steps between the legs of the spars forming C-profiles are usually inserted also bars of different widths and also in the Appropriate steps are used for tread depth. That means a considerable effort.

For ladders with rungs inserted in the middle, there are several e.g. T. complicated operations for assembling required.

With step ladders and rung ladders, it is common To provide corner bracing, which is usually at least something as possible for the feet protruding step room to keep clear.

The lateral rigidity and torsional rigidity of the Spar profiles are especially closed on longer ladders consider.

Although ladders have been manufactured for a very long time, there is still a need to optimize manufacturing and usage conditions.

Accordingly, the invention is based on the object To propose a ladder concept that allows Modular production same rungs with a relatively large Tread depth for different cross-sections use, and in which the cross-sections of the spar nonetheless the respective strength needs without further ado can be adjusted.

Accordingly, the invention seeks to optimize manufacturing before that to create a modular production the Sprouts as open at the bottom, a lying one C-profile Broad rungs with a tread depth of are formed at least 45 mm Front leg directly on the inner walls that with different leaders same, straight front leg of the spars and where the rear legs of the spars one Strength requirements of different lengths and correspondingly resilient conductors Have cross-section formation and / or extension.  

By having broad sprouts, that is, sprouts for the Use appropriate tread depths of 35, 40, 50 or 60 mm, but not for many purposes necessary even deeper levels, you can do that Total weight of the ladder, especially for long lengths significantly reduce. By making the cross-section of the spar only in places where it is actually for the inclusion of the Forces is necessary, dimensioned in such a way that he can record this, but otherwise only in Dimensions as they are for the bending load, Torsional rigidity and rung attachment are essential are necessary and arranges the material accumulations there, where they are not distracting when climbing and handling, you can see the use of materials and thus the weight significantly reduce and also the torsional rigidity of the Improve leaders.

Since you also have a ladder program with certain usage length and for certain types of use in the front Wide rungs suitable for this area can make cheap, the total weight is just from especially long ladders significantly reduced, what above all handling during transport, installation of ladders, Assembly and disassembly of scaffolding and the like of large Is significant and also a much cheaper Manufacturing enables.  

Since the rungs are designed as broad rungs, too the investment direction is always for the sensible user visibly, so that the danger that only in the train zone reinforced long ladder is misplaced, relatively is low. So you can in a particularly convenient Ausge staltung of the invention the broad rungs off-center in the Arrange spars with tensile zones reinforced. As part of the modular range can, however, be the same width sprouts in the same way with the rest of the abge traded characteristics also in symmetrical or only with one the sides of the elongated legs are designed in the middle of the bars be attached. The associated advantages of Modular system, the assembly and the like. Also then scored.

But since the weight saving is greater for ladders in particular Length is important, looks more appropriate Design according to the invention that the train zones of Spars of box-shaped, rolled and / or folded profile parts are formed. So you can in the tensile zone that required for the section modulus Easily accommodate the amount of material in places where the Climb, do not disturb and maintain work and handling nevertheless a very cheap manufacturing option, quite no matter what raw materials you want to use.  

With rolled up and / or folded profile parts one additionally make welds. The box profile doesn't necessarily have to be completely closed, though that is appropriate. In a particularly clear and easy The box profile has a way to manufacture Rectangular profile. So a cheap one is formed very well Contact surface for inserting the broad rungs with their downward thighs. However, they are also different shaped profiles with curves, indentations, diagonals, Multiple settlements and enrollments or the like. And Multiple rectangles possible. A practical design the spar provides that this is in tension zones of the spars formed rectangular box profile an extension of Dock wall panel, one at a distance from it inner wall offset inside and one at right angles additionally connected rung wall and one has parallel and spaced outer wall.

With a simpler design and corresponding Requirements can only be those in the train zones The rear legs of the spars are wider than that Front thigh. This also improves Options of riveting.  

To reinforce and protect the smooth surfaces the edges of the bars with preferably partially cylindrical Corner ribs should be designed.

Since the ladders have broad rungs and with different angles of attack can be used it is useful if the treads of the broad rungs slightly arched upwards, preferably are partially cylindrical with anti-slip ribs. Then offer them in every possible angular position affordable performance options for the user.

As wide rungs of the same depth for different ladders should be used, it is to improve the Stability is useful if the lower edges of the Vertical legs of the broad rungs reinforcement ribs or formed inward reinforcing leg are. The reinforcement legs can be used for wider Ladders and larger heavy-duty ladders larger Have depth expansion than for smaller bean ladders saying. So you can have the same depth and the same height Broad rungs with different moments of resistance and Design torsional stiffness. You can also do that Back legs of the rungs higher than that Design the front leg of the same. That’s also one Possibility of meaningful distribution of materials and if necessary to improve the riveting.  

You can also use the rear legs of the broad rungs higher than their front leg. That too the riveting can be improved and the material useful to distribute.

So that the user in the wrong installation of the ladder notices that he is turning her over for security reasons has, one expediently provides that the profiles of the Treads of the broad rungs in the rear area at Occurrences are conspicuously designed. Since one in the Usually relatively far ahead on the broad rung with the When the ball of the foot gets up, it is sufficient if the toe area by stepping on an increase notices that the ladder standing around properly. However, the user increases for example, on a sharp pointed edge, he realizes by the unfavorable support of its weight that the The ladder is wrong. To do this, the rear edge of the A point is formed on the tread of the broad rung to have.

The ladders can be made in all or part of all Considerable metals are made, in particular can the spars and / or the broad rungs out Light metal extrusion profiles can be formed. Than are Profiling possible in wide areas and you get corrosion protection by itself. In many cases, however  Advantages to achieve when the spars and / or Broad rungs made of corrosion-protected sheet steel parts and / or light metal sheet parts are formed. So can through suitable material selection and composition under Consideration of the profile suggestions made above in each case the optimal combination within the modular system systems to a ladder that is as easy to use as possible be realized easily and inexpensively.

Particular attention is also paid to the angular stability of the ladder dedication, especially if the Broad rungs are not welded, but riveted. For this purpose, the conductor is between at least individual corners Stiles and broad rungs provided stiffening angles, whose leg width is the inner leg width of the Corresponds to broad rungs in which they are inserted. The Bracing angles are with the rungs and the spars connected at a stable angle, preferably riveted. Such no longer visible and tread areas no longer hindering insertion angles need depending on the design the conductor to be inserted only in different places and are then connected in a suitable manner, preferably at least partially with the rung attachment riveted. The stiffening angles are appropriate as flat angle parts in the manner of window frame angles educated. So they only need to be punched out and  offer great stability in the corner. The in the rung of the stiffening angle longer than the front leg or back leg of the associated Holmes. So he is covered over this in front and the lever arms can be extended. The Bracing angles can vary depending on your needs be unequal or in particular isosceles. The broad rungs can also be easily accessible Front leg of the respective spar riveted and on Box profile of the rear leg of the respective spar be welded on. Further details, configurations, Features, advantages and aspects of the invention are also in the following, based on the drawings treated description part.

Embodiments of the invention are as follows described with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

Fig. 1 The oblique view from above on a corner of a ladder, in which a broad rung is riveted in a C-shaped spar;

FIG. 2 shows an oblique view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1, but obliquely from below with an illustration of the stiffening angle;

. Fig. 3 is a representation corresponding to Fig 1 of a first embodiment of the mating conductor program according to the first embodiment wherein the rear leg of the bar is reinforced in the tension zone by a box profile;

FIG. 4 shows an illustration corresponding to FIG. 2 of the solution according to FIG. 3 obliquely from below;

FIG. 5 shows a spar cross section for the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 6 and 7 Holm cross sections for the embodiment according to Figures 3 and 4.

Game Figure 8 is a similar to Figure 1 showing the first embodiment of the mating conductor of the second program Ausführungsbei..;

FIG. 9 shows a representation of the conductor according to FIG. 8 corresponding to FIG. 2;

Fig. 10 is a representation corresponding to Figure 3 of the first embodiment of the ladder program of the second embodiment with box profile at the rear of the spar.

FIG. 11 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 4 of the detail of a ladder according to FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 shows a representation of the spar cross section of the ladder according to FIGS . 8 and 9 corresponding to FIG. 5;

FIG. 13 is a first variation of the spar cross-section with a box profile;

FIG. 14 is a further variation of the spar cross-section, such as is used for the circuit of FIGS. 10 and 11;

Figure 15 is a cross sectional view showing the profile of a first variant of the wide rungs.

Fig. 16 a of FIG. 15 corresponding illustration of a further embodiment variant ;,

FIG. 17 shows a representation corresponding to FIGS. 15 and 16 of a further embodiment variant of the profile for the broad rungs and

Fig. 18 is an illustration of a ladder according to the invention.

The first embodiment, which comprises three design variants belonging to a ladder program, is shown in FIGS . 1 to 7 and is initially dealt with in a coherent manner with the basic points of variation.

A ladder 10 consists of two spars 11 and broad rungs 12 attached between them. The broad rungs 12 have a C profile which is open at the bottom and has a tread 13 , a front leg 14 and a rear leg 15 . They consist of extruded aluminum profile or beveled sheet metal profile made of light metal or galvanized steel sheet or the like. The upper tread surface 16 is equipped with anti-slip ribs 17 . On the trailing edge 18 , a raised tip or other profiling, not yet shown, can be provided. The tread depth T of the broad rungs 12 is at least 35 mm, but preferably about 40-50 mm. As a result, they ensure a secure stand and, above all, satisfy the special purpose that wide rungs 12 of the same profile can always be used with a wide variety of ladders with different spars and different lengths.

The spars 11 here consist of an inwardly open C-profile with an outer web 20 , a front leg 21 and a rear leg 22 . These can either be the same width or, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the rear leg 22 can expediently be somewhat wider, so that the larger amount of material lies in the pull zone and the forces are absorbed cheaply.

Such a simple C-profile for ladder stiles is in itself known. It is also known to interpose steps put. However, this is about, within the Optimizing a modular production to show that same Broad rungs also in such well-known, inwardly open simple C-profile bars can be used. The However, previously known C profiles have the same Front thigh and back thigh. According to the invention the rear leg should be larger Material cross-section.

The steps are expediently fastened by rivets 23 which are guided in a known manner through the legs of spars and broad rungs.

It can be useful - as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2 - to provide a stiffening angle 25 which has two legs 24.1 and 24.2 . These have a width that is less than the height or width of the front leg 14 . They are of a suitable length. The horizontal legs 24.1 are covered by the front legs 14 and protrude beyond the front legs 21 , so that there is still a rivet point 26 which does not extend through the cross-section of the spar, but extends the length of the holding lever. Another riveting point 27 located 21 of the spar profile only in the front leg and also offers a good support base for the spar in the downwardly projecting vertical leg 24.2 of the stiffening angle 25th The rivet in the corner point 28 connects the spar 11 , the wide rung 12 and the stiffening bracket 25 . The connection between bars, wide rungs and stiffening brackets can be made with just a few riveting points. It should be taken into account that the stiffening angle, on the one hand, is easy to produce because of its flat, simply punched-out design and, on the other hand, has great stability and that the riveting does not result in any heat loads on the profiles which may be made of light metal, which would reduce their strength. In addition, the rivet connection can be made inexpensively in large numbers. Bracing angles need not be used in every step. Depending on the length of the ladder, they are to be distributed over the length.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3 and 4, identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The rear leg is designed here according to the invention in a special design as a box profile 32 so that the web 20 has a web wall 20.1 in a linear extension and the rear leg is formed with a rung contact wall 33 which is the rear leg 22 of the first Ladder design with regard to the installation and attachment of the broad rung, but not only with regard to the load capacity. An outer wall 34 lies at a distance A 2 from the rung contact wall 33 that can be seen in FIG. 7. Both are connected via the inner wall 35 . This box section 32 can be formed by folding alone, by folding and welding together in the corner 36 or as a light metal extruded profile. It clearly has a much greater section modulus than a simple leg and can thus help to design a long, yet rigid and quite well torsion-resistant ladder in a simple manner, with the same broad rungs resting on a straight surface, namely the rung contact wall 33 and with the aid of a suitable one Fastener are attached. Screwing in a screw from the inside or through a bore 38 in the outer wall 34 is an option, it being possible to cover the bore 38 with a cap if so desired.

The fact that you have a box section 32 in the train rope, you can optimize the ladder in terms of material, weight and use quite considerably.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate that the distances A 1 and A 2 may be different and thus the moment of resistance - depending on the needs with respect to bending and torsional strength - may be made larger or smaller, wherein like spaces between front legs 21 and sprouts System wall 33 for the broad rungs 12 remain so that the wide rungs 12 optimized for use can be used for a wide range of conductors. On this broad rung, too, it is useful to provide a tip or the like clarifying the direction of adjustment at the rear. By varying the material cross-sections and the leg lengths and box sizes, it is very easy to adapt to the respective needs for smaller, larger, wider, longer, lighter or heavier conductors and can all equip them with stiffening angles in the same way.

The embodiment of FIGS. 8 to 17 corresponds in its basic structure to the first embodiment with its implementation variants. Accordingly, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals. Only the shape of the profiles is slightly varied, both with regard to the dimensions as well as the edge designs and corner designs. Only these deviations are described below.

The cross section of the spars 11 always has the same width of the front leg 21 and rear leg 22 . However, 11 partially cylindrical corner ribs 40.1 to 40.4 are provided on all longitudinal edges of the spars. On the one hand, these improve stability and make the profile more comfortable to hold. To a certain extent, they also prevent scratching smooth surfaces when they are placed against one another and the like.

To connect the broad rungs 12.1 with the spars 11.1 , two rivets 28.1 and 28.2 are provided in the variant according to FIGS. 10 and 11.

The broad rungs 12.1 are shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 with relatively low front leg 14.1 and rear leg 15.1 . They have partially cylindrical reinforcing ribs 45 on their lower edges.

The broad rungs according to FIGS. 8 to 11 correspond approximately to the profile of FIG. 15, only in the latter the legs are somewhat higher.

In both, the tread surface 16 is provided by curved upwardly and has the antiskid rib 17 and at the trailing edge 46 is a distinctly pointed upstanding rib 47, is shaped while the front presence slightly rounded edge 48th This means that when you step with your foot, you notice which side of the broad rung you are standing on and whether the ladder is placed the wrong way round.

To further reinforce the broad rungs, reinforcement legs 50.1 and 50.2 can be provided on the lower edges of front leg 14.1 and rear leg 15.1 . These have a relatively small width dimension in the Figs. 16 and increase the resistance torque accordingly. In the embodiment variant according to FIG. 17, the reinforcement angles 50.3 and 50.4 are designed with a larger width, so that the section modulus is increased accordingly without the step space being impeded. This allows you to produce wider rungs with an otherwise slim profile. All of these profile parts are made of extruded aluminum and only cut, joined and riveted. They can also be at least partially welded.

Fig. 18 shows an entire ladder in which the profile parts described above are used. Other conductor shapes can also be formed in the manner according to the invention.

The summary printed below is Part of the disclosure of the invention:

A ladder ( 10 ) has bars ( 11 ) and broad rungs ( 12 ). The wide rungs ( 12 ) are designed as C-profiles which are open at the bottom and have a non-slip tread ( 16 ). The spars ( 11 ) have either a simple, appropriately dimensioned leg in the tension zone or a box section that increases the section modulus. The same broad rungs ( 12 ) can be used for differently designed ladders. An optimized modular production can be created.

Reference symbol list

10 conductors
11 spar
11.1 spar
12 broad rungs
12.1 Broad rung
13 entrance wall
14 front legs
14.1 Front leg
15 back legs
15.1 Back leg
16 tread
17 anti-slip rib
18 trailing edge
20 bridge
20.1 Dock wall
21 front legs
22 hind legs
23 rivet
24.1 Horizontal leg
24.2 Vertical leg
25 stiffening angle
26 rivet point
27 rivet point
28 corner point
28.1 rivet
28.2 rivet
32 rear leg / box profile
33 Rung system wall
34 outer wall
35 inner wall
36 corner
38 hole
40.1 corner rib
40.2 corner rib
40.3 corner rib
40.4 corner rib
45 reinforcement rib
46 trailing edge
47 pointed rib
48 leading edge
50.1 reinforcement leg
50.2 Reinforcement legs
50.3 reinforcement leg
50.4 reinforcement leg
T depth of tread
A 1 distance / dimension
A 2 distance / dimension

Claims (16)

1. ladder ( 10 ), whose spars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) and rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) are formed from thin-walled metal profiles which are connected to one another by riveting or welding, and wherein the spar profile has an outer web ( 20 ) and attached to it in one piece and pointing in the direction of the other spar front leg ( 21 ) and rear leg ( 22 ), characterized in that to create a modular construction, the rungs as wide rungs open at the bottom and having a lying C-profile ( 12 ; 12.1 ) are designed with a tread depth ( T ) of at least 45 mm, the front legs ( 14 ; 14.1 ) of which directly rest on the inner walls of the straight front legs ( 21 ) of the bars ( 11 ; 11.1 ), which are the same for different conductors and wherein the rear-leg (22; 32) of the bars (11; 11.1) an the strength needs of different lengths and different resilient conductors (10) corresponding Querschittsausbild tion and / or expansion. 2. Ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the broad rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) are arranged off-center in the spars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) and the tension zones ( 22 , 32 ) are reinforced. 3. Head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tension zones of the spars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) are formed by box-shaped, rolled and / or folded profile parts ( 32 ). 4. Head according to claim 3, characterized in that the box profile ( 32 ) is a rectangular profile. 5. A ladder according to claim 4, characterized in that the rectangular box profile ( 32 ) formed in tension zones of the spars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) has a web box wall ( 20.1 ) lying in an extension of the web ( 20 ) and an inner wall spaced inwards therefrom ( 35 ) and a rung contact wall ( 33 ) connected at right angles thereto and an outer wall ( 34 ) running parallel to and at a distance ( A 1 ; A 2 ). 6. Head according to claim 1 or 2; characterized in that the rear legs ( 22 ) of the bars ( 11 ) lying in the tension zones are wider than the front legs ( 21 ). 7. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the edges of the spars ( 11.1 ) are preferably provided with partially cylindrical corner ribs ( 40.1 to 40.4 ). 8. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tread surfaces ( 16 ) of the broad rungs ( 12.1 ) are slightly curved upwards, preferably partially cylindrical with anti-slip ribs ( 17 ). 9. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that reinforcing ribs ( 45 ) or inwardly directed reinforcing legs ( 50.1 to 50.4 ) are formed on the lower edges of the vertical legs ( 14.1; 15.1 ) of the broad rungs ( 12.1 ). 10. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rear leg ( 15 ) of the broad rungs ( 12 , 12.1 ) are higher than the front leg ( 14 ). 11. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the profiling of the tread surface ( 16 ) of the broad rungs ( 12.1 ) in the rear region is conspicuously protruding ( 47 ) when it occurs. 12. A ladder according to claim 11, characterized in that a tip ( 47 ) is formed on the rear edge ( 46 ) of the tread surface ( 16 ) of the wide rung ( 12.1 ). 13. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that spars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) and / or broad rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) are formed from light metal extruded profiles. 14. Ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that bars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) and / or broad rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) are formed from corrosion-protected sheet steel parts and / or light metal sheet parts. 15. A ladder according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that in at least individual corners of the ladder between bars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) and broad rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) stiffening angles ( 25 ) are provided, the leg width of the inner leg width of the broad rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) corresponds in which they are inserted and the stiffening brackets ( 25 ) with the wide rungs ( 12 ; 12.1 ) and the bars ( 11 ; 11.1 ) are connected in an angle-stable manner, preferably riveted. 16. A ladder according to claim 15, characterized in that the stiffening angles ( 25 ) are formed as flat angular parts in the manner of window frame angles.