DE3801785A1 - Process for the catalytic reduction of NO - Google Patents
Process for the catalytic reduction of NOInfo
- Publication number
- DE3801785A1 DE3801785A1 DE19883801785 DE3801785A DE3801785A1 DE 3801785 A1 DE3801785 A1 DE 3801785A1 DE 19883801785 DE19883801785 DE 19883801785 DE 3801785 A DE3801785 A DE 3801785A DE 3801785 A1 DE3801785 A1 DE 3801785A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- carrier
- sio
- iron
- sulfate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur katalytischen Reduktion von in einem Gas enthaltenen NO mit dem Reduktionsmittel NH3, bei dem das NO-haltige Gas mit NH3 gemischt und die Mischung bei 185 bis 500°C sowie bei Normaldruck an einem Katalysator zur Reaktion gebracht wird, der aus einem sauren Träger, bestehend aus SiO2, Aluminiumsilikaten oder α-Al2O3, sowie den katalytisch aktiven Substanzen CuSo4, MnSO4, FeSO4 und/oder Fe2(SO4)3 zusammengesetzt ist, wobei die katalytisch aktiven Substanzen in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-% auf den Träger aufgebracht sind. Ein derartiges Verfahren wurde in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 36 42 980.5 vorgeschlagen.The invention relates to a process for the catalytic reduction of NO contained in a gas with the reducing agent NH 3 , in which the NO-containing gas mixed with NH 3 and the mixture at 185 to 500 ° C and at normal pressure on a catalyst for reaction is brought, which is composed of an acidic carrier consisting of SiO 2 , aluminum silicates or α -Al 2 O 3 , and the catalytically active substances CuSo 4 , MnSO 4 , FeSO 4 and / or Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , wherein the catalytically active substances are applied to the support in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight. Such a method has been proposed in German patent application P 36 42 980.5.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das vorgenannte Verfahren so weiterzubilden, daß es mit einem Katalysator arbeitet, der bei hoher Entstickungsleistung nur solche Elemente enthält, die keine Schädigungen der Umwelt hervorrufen, und der folglich ohne besondere Vorsichtsmaßnahmen dann auf einer Mülldeponie abgelagert werden kann, wenn er unbrauchbar geworden ist.The invention has for its object the aforementioned Process so that it with a catalyst works that with high denitrification performance only such Contains elements that do not harm the environment cause, and consequently without special Precautions then deposited in a landfill can become when it has become unusable.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Mischung aus dem NO-haltigen Gas und dem NH3 bei 290 bis 450°C an einem Katalysator zur Reaktion gebracht wird, dessen Träger aus SiO2 besteht und der 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Mangansulfat : Eisensulfat, letzteres berechnet als FeSO4, = 1: 10 bis 10 : 1 beträgt. Als Eisensulfat im Sinne der Erfindung gilt sowohl FeSO4 als auch Fe2(SO4)3. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß dieser Katalysator im vorgenannten Temperaturbereich eine sehr hohe Entstickungsleistung erbringt und darüber hinaus wegen seiner Zusammensetzung keine Gefährdung der Umwelt verursacht, wenn er auf einer Mülldeponie abgelagert werden muß. Die Umweltverträglichkeit des Katalysators beruht darauf, daß er vergleichsweise geringe Gehalte an löslichen Verbindungen des Mangans und Eisens enthält, die zwar im Erdreich mobilisiert werden können, dort jedoch hydrolisieren, wobei feste Hydroxide und Hydroxidoxide des Eisens und Mangans entstehen, die in der Natur ohnehin allgegenwärtig sind und keine umweltschädigenden Wirkungen haben.The object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the mixture of the NO-containing gas and the NH 3 is reacted at 290 to 450 ° C. on a catalyst whose support consists of SiO 2 and which has 5 to 15% by weight. % Manganese sulfate: iron sulfate, the latter calculated as FeSO 4 , = 1:10 to 10: 1. Both FeSO 4 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 are considered to be iron sulfate in the sense of the invention. It has been shown that this catalyst provides a very high denitrification performance in the aforementioned temperature range and, because of its composition, does not cause any environmental hazard if it has to be deposited in a landfill. The environmental compatibility of the catalyst is based on the fact that it contains comparatively low levels of soluble compounds of manganese and iron, which can be mobilized in the ground, but hydrolyze there, whereby solid hydroxides and hydroxide oxides of iron and manganese are formed, which are ubiquitous in nature anyway are and have no environmentally harmful effects.
Nach der Erfindung ist ferner vorgesehen, daß der Katalysator pro Mol Mangansulfat und Eisensulfat 0,001 bis 0,01 Mol Y2(SO4)3, TiOSO4 oder Zr(SO4)₂ enthält. Durch diese Verbindungen werden im Gitter des Trägers Fehlstellen geschaffen, die als aktive Zentren für die NO-Reduktion wirken und dem Katalysator eine Langzeitstabilität verleihen, so daß seine Aktivität auch während eines langen Betriebszeitraums konstant ist.According to the invention it is further provided that the catalyst contains 0.001 to 0.01 mol of Y 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , TiOSO 4 or Zr (SO 4 ) ₂ per mole of manganese sulfate and iron sulfate. Through these connections, defects are created in the lattice of the carrier, which act as active centers for the NO reduction and give the catalyst long-term stability, so that its activity is constant even over a long operating period.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Träger ein Porenvolumen von 0,6 bis 1,6 ml/g und einen mittleren Porendurchmesser von 10 bis 100 nm hat. Ein so beschaffener Träger verleiht dem Katalysator eine hohe Leistung. Ferner hat es sich nach der Erfindung als zweckmäßig erwiesen, daß das SiO2 des Trägers eine Reinheit von 97 bis 99,9% aufweist. Es wurde nämlich gefunden, daß sich die Leistungsfähigkeit des Katalysators erhöht und die Schwankung der Katalysatorleistung vermindert, wenn die Reinheit des SiO2-Trägers wächst. In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the carrier has a pore volume of 0.6 to 1.6 ml / g and an average pore diameter of 10 to 100 nm. Such a carrier gives the catalyst high performance. Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous according to the invention that the SiO 2 of the carrier has a purity of 97 to 99.9%. Namely, it has been found that the performance of the catalyst increases and the fluctuation in catalyst performance decreases as the purity of the SiO 2 support increases.
Bei den im SiO2 enthaltenen Verunreinigungen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um die Oxide des Aluminiums, Eisens und Titans.The impurities contained in the SiO 2 are preferably the oxides of aluminum, iron and titanium.
Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The subject matter of the invention is described below using a Embodiment explained in more detail.
Trägerteilchen, die einen Durchmesser von 1,5 bis 1,7 mm hatten und zu 99,7% aus SiO2 bestanden, wurden mit einer wäßrigen Salzlösung imprägniert, die 0,5 Mol MnSO4/l und 0,5 Mol FeSO4 Mol/l enthielt und die durch Zugabe von Schwefelsäure auf einen pH-Wert von 3 eingestellt wurde. Die imprägnierten Teilchen wurden getrocknet und anschließend bei ca. 500°C geglüht. Der Katalysator wurde in einen Wirbelschichtreaktor eingebracht und bei 290 bis 450°C erprobt. In den Wirbelschichtreaktor wurde eine vorgewärmte Gasmischung kontinuierlich eingeleitet, die 0,75 Vol.-% NO, 0,75 Vol.-% NH3, 5 Vol.-% O2, 0,7 Vol.-% SO2 und Rest N2 enthielt. Die Entstickungsleistung betrug im untersuchten Temperaturbereich wenigstens 90% und hatte bei ca. 350°C ein Maximum von 93%. Bei Herabsetzung des NO-Gehalts des Gases auf 0,075 Vol.-% und bei Herabsetzung der NH₃-Zugabe auf 0,075 Vol.-% sank die Entstickungsleistung im untersuchten Temperaturbereich auf 89 bis 90%. Der Katalysator hatte eine hohe Abriebfestigkeit und eignet sich daher insbesondere für einen Einsatz in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht. Die Beladung des Katalysators veränderte sich während des Langzeitbetriebs nicht. Das im Katalysator enthaltene Eisen lag nach seinem Einsatz sowohl in zweiwertiger als auch in dreiwertiger Form vor.Carrier particles which had a diameter of 1.5 to 1.7 mm and consisted of 99.7% SiO 2 were impregnated with an aqueous salt solution containing 0.5 mol of MnSO 4 / l and 0.5 mol of FeSO 4 mol / l contained and which was adjusted to a pH of 3 by adding sulfuric acid. The impregnated particles were dried and then annealed at about 500 ° C. The catalyst was placed in a fluidized bed reactor and tested at 290 to 450 ° C. A preheated gas mixture was continuously introduced into the fluidized bed reactor, which contains 0.75% by volume of NO, 0.75% by volume of NH 3 , 5% by volume of O 2 , 0.7% by volume of SO 2 and the rest of N 2 contained. The denitrification performance was at least 90% in the examined temperature range and had a maximum of 93% at approx. 350 ° C. When the NO content of the gas was reduced to 0.075% by volume and the NH₃ addition was reduced to 0.075% by volume, the denitrification performance in the temperature range examined fell to 89 to 90%. The catalyst had a high abrasion resistance and is therefore particularly suitable for use in the circulating fluidized bed. The loading of the catalyst did not change during long-term operation. After use, the iron contained in the catalyst was in both divalent and trivalent form.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19883801785 DE3801785A1 (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1988-01-22 | Process for the catalytic reduction of NO |
AT88202795T ATE63471T1 (en) | 1988-01-22 | 1988-12-07 | PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NO. |
DE8888202795T DE3862859D1 (en) | 1988-01-22 | 1988-12-07 | METHOD FOR CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NO. |
EP88202795A EP0325811B1 (en) | 1988-01-22 | 1988-12-07 | Process for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide |
ES88202795T ES2022607B3 (en) | 1988-01-22 | 1988-12-07 | PROCEDURE FOR THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NO. |
US07/297,830 US4950139A (en) | 1988-01-22 | 1989-01-17 | Process of catalytically reducing NO |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863642980 DE3642980A1 (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1986-12-17 | Process for the catalytic reduction of NO |
DE19883801785 DE3801785A1 (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1988-01-22 | Process for the catalytic reduction of NO |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3801785A1 true DE3801785A1 (en) | 1989-08-03 |
Family
ID=25850414
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19883801785 Granted DE3801785A1 (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1988-01-22 | Process for the catalytic reduction of NO |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3801785A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4039213A1 (en) * | 1990-12-08 | 1992-06-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEDUSTING, DESULFURING AND DENICKING COMBUSTION EXHAUST GASES |
DE4125004A1 (en) * | 1991-07-27 | 1993-01-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR NICKELING THE EXHAUST GASES CONTAINED IN THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT |
DE4221451A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Exhaust gas catalytic denitrification for quantitative nitrogen oxide removal - by adding aq. soln. of ammonia, urea, ammonium salt or guanidine cpd., cooling and passing over supported iron, manganese or copper cpd. and/or sulphate, for diesel and lean burn petrol engine |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2454515A1 (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-05-22 | Kurashiki Boseki Kk | PROCESS FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXYDE |
-
1988
- 1988-01-22 DE DE19883801785 patent/DE3801785A1/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2454515A1 (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-05-22 | Kurashiki Boseki Kk | PROCESS FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXYDE |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4039213A1 (en) * | 1990-12-08 | 1992-06-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEDUSTING, DESULFURING AND DENICKING COMBUSTION EXHAUST GASES |
DE4125004A1 (en) * | 1991-07-27 | 1993-01-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR NICKELING THE EXHAUST GASES CONTAINED IN THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT |
DE4221451A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Exhaust gas catalytic denitrification for quantitative nitrogen oxide removal - by adding aq. soln. of ammonia, urea, ammonium salt or guanidine cpd., cooling and passing over supported iron, manganese or copper cpd. and/or sulphate, for diesel and lean burn petrol engine |
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