DE3800650A1 - Process for the preparation of foamed plastics - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of foamed plastics

Info

Publication number
DE3800650A1
DE3800650A1 DE3800650A DE3800650A DE3800650A1 DE 3800650 A1 DE3800650 A1 DE 3800650A1 DE 3800650 A DE3800650 A DE 3800650A DE 3800650 A DE3800650 A DE 3800650A DE 3800650 A1 DE3800650 A1 DE 3800650A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
ammonia
plastic
foamed
blowing agent
thermoplastics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE3800650A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Joachim Dr Steffens
Ralf Schroeder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noel Marquet and Cie SA
Original Assignee
Noel Marquet and Cie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Noel Marquet and Cie SA filed Critical Noel Marquet and Cie SA
Priority to DE3800650A priority Critical patent/DE3800650A1/en
Publication of DE3800650A1 publication Critical patent/DE3800650A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
    • B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • B29C44/505—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying extruding the compound through a flat die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • B29C44/507—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying extruding the compound through an annular die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B29C44/5609—Purging of residual gas, e.g. noxious or explosive blowing agents

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of foamed plastics in which liquefied ammonia is employed as blowing agent.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Her­ stellung von geschäumten Kunststoffen, bei dem man in den gegebenenfalls unter Erwärmen erweichten, geschmolzenen oder flüssigen Kunststoff unter Druck ein in verflüssigtem Zustand vorliegendes Treibmittel einbringt, das bei Entspannung den Kunststoff aufbläht.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing position of foamed plastics, in which one in the if necessary, soften, melt or heat liquid plastic under pressure in a liquefied state introduces the present blowing agent, which, when relaxed Inflated plastic.

Derartige Verfahren sind seit langem bekannt. Als Treibmittel verwendet man dabei insbesondere fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, die beispielsweise im Handel unter der geschützten Bezeichnung "Frigene" erhältlich sind. Inzwischen wurde der schädliche Einfluß derartiger fluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe auf die Atmosphäre bekannt (Ozonloch) . Man ist daher bestrebt, den Einsatz solcher fluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe einzuschränken bzw. sogar ganz durch andere Treibmittel zu ersetzen. Für viele Zwecke setzt man daher bereits anstelle der fluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffe die gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z.B. Propan, Butan oder Pentan, ein. Diese weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, daß sie brennbar sind und in bestimmter Konzen­ tration mit der Luft explosive Gemische bilden, wodurch zu­ sätzlich sehr aufwendige Sicherheitsvorkehrungen getroffen werden müssen, was mit exgeschützten Motoren, Schaltern etc. beginnt und mit besonderen Ventilations- und Überwachungs­ systemen endet.Such methods have been known for a long time. As a blowing agent if fluorinated hydrocarbons are used, which, for example, in trade under the protected name "Frigene" are available. Meanwhile, the harmful Influence of such fluorinated hydrocarbons on the Atmosphere known (ozone hole). One therefore strives to Limit the use of such fluorinated hydrocarbons or even to be replaced entirely by other blowing agents. For many purposes are therefore already being used instead of fluorinated ones Hydrocarbons the saturated hydrocarbons, such as e.g. Propane, butane or pentane. However, these have the Disadvantage that they are flammable and in certain concentrations form explosive mixtures with the air, which leads to In addition, very complex safety precautions have been taken must be what with ex-protected motors, switches, etc. begins with special ventilation and monitoring systems ends.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Treib­ mittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, das einerseits die mit den fluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen verbundenen Nachteile nicht aufweist und andererseits eine sichere Handhabung ohne auf­ wendige Sicherheitsvorkehrungen gewährleistet, d.h. es soll nach Möglichkeit nicht brennbar sein, so daß die Bildung ex­ plosiver Gemische mit Luft ausgeschlossen ist. Ferner soll die Möglichkeit bestehen, das aus den Schaumstoffprodukten aus­ diffundierende Treibmittel zwecks zusätzlicher Umweltschonung ohne großen Aufwand zurückzugewinnen und einer sinnvollen direkten Weiterverwendung zuzuführen.The object of the present invention is therefore a blowing to make funds available, on the one hand those with the disadvantages associated with fluorinated hydrocarbons has and on the other hand safe handling without agile safety precautions are guaranteed, i.e. it should if possible not be flammable, so that the formation ex explosive mixtures with air is excluded. Furthermore, the Possibility to make that out of the foam products diffusing blowing agents for additional environmental protection  to recover without much effort and a sensible one direct use.

Gelöst wurde diese Aufgabe gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch, daß man als Treibgas verflüssigten Ammoniak ein­ setzt.This object was achieved according to the present invention in that liquefied ammonia as a propellant puts.

Der Ammoniak erfüllt diese Aufgabe in hervorragendem Maße, da er ein sehr gutes Treibmittel mit einer sehr hohen Gasaus­ beute ist und mit Luft keine explosiven Gemische bildet, da er nicht brennbar ist. Außerdem wirken in die Atmosphäre ge­ langende Gasmengen dem "sauren Regen" entgegen und bilden, wenn er zusammen mit Regen zur Erde zurückgelangt, eine fast natürliche Nährstoffquelle für Pflanzen. Ferner ist es möglich, gezielt den bei der Lagerung aus den Schaumstoffprodukten aus­ tretenden Ammoniak aus den Lagerräumen mittels Ventilatoren abzusaugen und dabei durch verdünnte Salpetersäure oder Phos­ phorsäure zu leiten. Die mit dem Ammoniak neutralisierten Säuren, d.h. die wässrigen Ammonsalpeter- oder Ammonphosphat­ lösungen, können dann direkt für Düngezwecke verwendet oder in mit Sonnenkollektoren beheizten Verdunstungsbecken zu Düngesalz einkonzentriert werden.The ammonia does this job excellently, because it is a very good propellant with a very high gas output is prey and does not form explosive mixtures with air, because it is not flammable. They also work in the atmosphere long gas quantities counteract the "acid rain" and form, when it comes back to earth with rain, almost an natural source of nutrients for plants. It is also possible targeted from the foam products during storage ammonia escaping from the storage rooms by means of fans aspirate and by dilute nitric acid or Phos to conduct phosphoric acid. The neutralized with the ammonia Acids, i.e. the aqueous ammonium nitrate or ammonium phosphate solutions, can then be used directly for fertilizing purposes or in evaporation pools heated with solar panels Concentrate fertilizer salt.

Weitere bevorzugte Merkmale, die die vorliegende Erfindung auszeichnen, sind aus den Unteransprüchen ersichtlich.Other preferred features of the present invention distinguish are evident from the subclaims.

Unter dem Ausdruck "Thermo-Rubber" werden beispielsweise thermoplastische Kautschukpolymere verstanden, wie sie z.B. von der Firma Shell unter der Bezeichnung "Kraton G Kautschuk" (siehe z.B. Firmenprospekt von Shell "IC/7040/2m/1085") oder als Zusatzpolymere unter der Bezeichnung "Clariflex" ver­ trieben werden.The term "thermo-rubber" is understood to mean, for example, thermoplastic rubber polymers, such as those used by Shell under the name "Kraton G rubber" (see, for example, Shell's company brochure "IC / 7040 / 2m / 1085") or as additional polymers under the Designation "Clariflex" are sold.

Claims (13)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschäumten Kunststoffen, bei dem man in den gegebenenfalls unter Erwärmen erweichten, geschmolzenen oder flüssigen Kunststoff unter Druck ein in verflüssigter Form vorliegendes Treibmittel einbringt, das bei Entspannung den Kunststoff aufbläht, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß man als Treibmittel verflüssigten Ammoniak einsetzt.1. A process for the production of foamed plastics, in which, in the softened under heating, melted or liquid plastic under pressure, a blowing agent is present in liquefied form, which inflates the plastic upon expansion, characterized in that liquefied ammonia is used as blowing agent starts. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Kunststoff Thermoplaste, vorzugsweise Polyethylen oder Polypropylen, insbesondere low density Polyethylen, ein­ setzt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one as plastic thermoplastics, preferably polyethylene or Polypropylene, especially low density polyethylene puts. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Thermoplasten Thermo-Rubber einsetzt.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one uses thermo-rubber as thermoplastics. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Thermoplasten Polystyrol einsetzt.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one uses polystyrene as thermoplastics. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in den Kunststoff eine Diffusionsbremse einbaut, mit der erreicht wird, daß der Ammoniak nur mit der Geschwindigkeit aus dem geschäumten Kunststoff entweicht, mit der Luft eindringt.5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a diffusion brake is built into the plastic, with which it is achieved that the ammonia only with the Speed escapes from the foamed plastic, penetrates with the air. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Ammoniak im Gemisch mit flüssigem Kohlendioxid ein­ setzt.6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that that one ammonia mixed with liquid carbon dioxide puts. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Ammoniak im Gemisch mit den üblichen als Treib­ mittel dienenden halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, ins­ besondere fluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, und gegebenen­ falls flüssigem Kohlendioxid einsetzt.7. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that that ammonia mixed with the usual as a blowing agent medium-serving halogenated hydrocarbons, ins special fluorinated hydrocarbons, and given  if liquid carbon dioxide is used. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Ammoniak bzw. die Ammoniak-Gemische in solchen Mengen einsetzt, daß man Schaumstoffe mit einem Raumge­ wicht unter 50 kg/m3, vorzugsweise unter 30 kg/m3, insbe­ sondere unter 20 kg/m3, erhält.8. The method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that ammonia or the ammonia mixtures are used in such amounts that foams with a Raumge weight below 50 kg / m 3 , preferably below 30 kg / m 3 , in particular special less than 20 kg / m 3 . 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den mit dem Treibmittel versehenen Kunststoff ex­ trudiert und an der Luft frei verschäumen läßt.9. The method according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the plastic provided with the blowing agent ex trudged and allowed to foam freely in the air. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man es zur Herstellung von geschäumten Platten, geschäumten Profilen und geschäumten Rohren einsetzt.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that you use it to make foamed sheets, foamed Profiles and foamed tubes. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den aus der Düse austretenden und aufschäumenden Kunststoffstrang allseitig mit Mikrowellen bestrahlt, wo­ durch das Ammoniakgas zusätzlich erhitzt wird und durch die dabei stattfindende Volumenvergrößerung den Schaum­ stoff weiterhin aufbläht.11. The method according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that the one emerging from the nozzle and foaming Plastic strand irradiated on all sides with microwaves, where is additionally heated by the ammonia gas and by the volume increase taking place the foam fabric continues to inflate. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der verflüssigte Ammoniak bis zu 5% Wasser enthält.12. The method according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that that the liquefied ammonia contains up to 5% water. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den aus den Schaumstoffprodukten bei der Lagerung ausdiffundierenden Ammoniak für Düngezwecke zurückgewinnt.13. The method according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that one from the foam products during storage recovering diffusing ammonia for fertilizing purposes.
DE3800650A 1988-01-12 1988-01-12 Process for the preparation of foamed plastics Withdrawn DE3800650A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3800650A DE3800650A1 (en) 1988-01-12 1988-01-12 Process for the preparation of foamed plastics

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DE3800650A DE3800650A1 (en) 1988-01-12 1988-01-12 Process for the preparation of foamed plastics

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DE3800650A1 true DE3800650A1 (en) 1989-07-20

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3923913A1 (en) * 1989-07-19 1991-02-07 Marquet & Cie Noel Foamed plastics prodn. - by normal foam-prodn. processes, using liq. ammonia or liq. carbon di:oxide as blowing agent
DE3939986A1 (en) * 1989-12-02 1991-06-06 Gefinex Gmbh Prodn. of foams of polystyrene or polyethylene - using chloro:di:fluoro:methane contg. ammonium bi:carbonate or other ammonium cpd. as blowing agent
US6176176B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2001-01-23 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Apparatus for treating cellulosic materials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3923913A1 (en) * 1989-07-19 1991-02-07 Marquet & Cie Noel Foamed plastics prodn. - by normal foam-prodn. processes, using liq. ammonia or liq. carbon di:oxide as blowing agent
DE3939986A1 (en) * 1989-12-02 1991-06-06 Gefinex Gmbh Prodn. of foams of polystyrene or polyethylene - using chloro:di:fluoro:methane contg. ammonium bi:carbonate or other ammonium cpd. as blowing agent
US6176176B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2001-01-23 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Apparatus for treating cellulosic materials

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