DE3791011C2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

A metal-containing material is disintegrated and fed into a reactor with a reduction medium where it is heated by radiation with high-speed electrons, whose energy flow density falls within a range of about 1.25<.>10<4> to 6<.>10<5> watt/m<2>. The pressure in the reactor is kept within a range of about 1.334<.>10<3> to 5.066<.>10<5> Pa.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to Iron, non-ferrous and powder metallurgy and concerns a process for the extraction of metal from metal-containing Fabrics.

The present invention can be used to gain metal in the production of metal powders from oxidi concentrates when extracting liquid metal le from ore concentrates and in the magnetization of weak magnetic iron ore, hereinafter referred to as magnetizing roasting is used will.

Most conveniently, the present invention in powder metallurgy for metal extraction at Manufacture of metal powders with a low content of Accompanying substances, e.g. B. of iron powder, tungsten powder u. a., are used.

State of the art

The intensification of reduction processes at the extraction of metal from metal-containing substances is important for increasing performance of plants in which metal is extracted and for lowering the cost of the extracted metal.

The production of liquid metals from ore concentrates occurred and of metal powders from oxidic concentration is currently done by reduction in ovens. The you bring previously shredded, metal-containing material in the furnace room together with a reducing agent and heats the batch to a temperature at the metal in question is reduced. Here comes usually use electric heating. As Reducing agent is used either a gas, e.g. B. Hydrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and coal  monoxide, natural gas and a., or a solid reducing agent, e.g. B. coke.

The speed of the reduction process, d. H. the percentage of reduced metal per time is an important technical characteristic of the Process of metal extraction from metal-containing material fen. It determines the performance of the for the metal thread used furnace. The speed of the Reduk tion depends on the temperature and increases with the Er increase in temperature. When extracting metal for however, the manufacture of metal powders is not expedient to raise the temperature since the powder begins to sinter at high temperatures. Furthermore the quality of the metal powder depends on the reducti on temperature. So, e.g. B., the size of the part Chen the reduced metal when the temperature increases to. This is also one of the reasons why prohibit the reduction of the metal in the manufacture metal powders at high temperatures respectively.

The magnetization of weakly magnetic iron ore (magnetizing roasting), d. H. the partial re iron reduction happens in a similar way. The ore is crushed beforehand and then in an oven introduced with a reducing atmosphere. As a reducti Onsmittel is common in magnetizing roasting Natural gas used. The heating happens with behaves low temperatures. When heated the iron is partially reduced, which makes the ore mag becomes table.

The need to consume one behaves large amount of fuel for the magnetisie roasting, however, has an extremely negative effect the economics of this process. Since that magnetizing roasting at a fairly low temperature  is made, the speed is the Reduction of iron when roasting is low, taking it The reduction ge is not economically sensible speed by increasing the roasting temperature increase, since this increases the consumption of natural gas must become, which makes the process more expensive.

It also decreases with increasing temperature in some cases, e.g. B. in magnetizing roasting of iron quartzite, the effectiveness of iron ore mining riding in magnetic separation, because in temperature the magnetic susceptibility of the waste increased processing increases. It’s because that with increasing the temperature the reduction of the finest hematite inclusions in the quartz begins.

One of the most promising methods of metal extraction in the production of metal powders and when magnetizing weakly magnetic iron ore is reducing in a fluidized bed. For generation a fluidized bed of the material is in the Reaction chamber of a furnace a reducing gas from below directed upwards and a gas flow is generated, in which the particles of the substance to be reduced are in the flow state. After that, the right inducing substance and the gas warmed. The speed The reduction takes place as a result of facilitating access to the Reducing agent to the particles of the to be reduced Substance and as a result of an improvement in the derivation of the gaseous reduction product, its property in the layer of the substance to be reduced Reduction speed decreases up to a certain limit. At the exit the gas from the gaseous Re Production product cleaned and again in the reak tion room. The application of a closed Circulation when using a reducing gas required  additional technological operations for cleaning of the reducing gas and its return to the Reaction chamber of the furnace. This leads to complication design of the plant.

It is a process for extracting iron from iron Ore concentrate for the production of iron powder known (mining magazine "Gorny Journal" No. 7, 1970, (Moscow), "The extraction of iron ore concentrates stood up for powder metallurgy and manufacturing pure steel brands ", M. Turetsky, E.L. Gristan, p. 47).

The use of the described method for Extraction of other metals from metal-containing Fabrics are well known.

This process involves shredding of the metal-containing substance, the introduction of the metal containing substance in a reaction space with reduce the atmosphere and its warming except for one the reduction of the metal necessary temperature.

Since there is a temperature interval in the Limit the temperature of the reduction process can change is the temperature-dependent reduction speed of the process a limited value. At maximum temperature is also the speed the highest reduction. In practice, however for the extraction of metal with certain properties lower temperatures necessary. Thereby reduced the reduction rate, which is why the ver application of the known method for the metal thread is uneconomical.

It is a process for extracting iron from iron known hematite oxide (B. M. Arakelian, L. A. Alexeev, A. A. Vasiliev et al. a. "Examination of the influence of gamma Irradiation on the kinetics of hematite reduction through carbon monoxide ". The physical chemistry of direct iron production, publishing house "Nauka" (Moscow), 1977, pp. 174 to 175).  

This process involves introducing the comminuted hematite into a reaction chamber with a reducing atmosphere formed by carbon monoxide, heating the hematite to 873 to 1073 ° K and irradiating the substance to be reduced with gamma rays using a gamma-ray system. Irradiation when using cobalt iso topen with a dose rate of 1.5 · 10 ⁶ x-rays per hour.

The application of gamma radiation to the egg Singe extraction from hematite in a carbon monoxide atmosphere at a temperature of 873 to 1073 ° K increases the Reduction speed by twice in ver equal to the reduction without radiation at ge normal heating expires.

However, the implementation of this method is complicated by the fact that the gamma radiation systems currently in use with isotopes do not allow the irradiation of a sufficiently large amount of material with a high dose rate, since the gamma radiation with a dose rate of 1.5 10 ⁶ X-rays per hour are carried out in a system for gamma radiation using cobalt isotopes in a very limited space, which is not larger than a few thousandths of a cubic meter, which is why this system has a very low output.

It also creates the use of isotopes swell a constant Ge for the gamma radiation drive for the health of the operating personnel.

The closest to the inventive method comes a process for extracting metal from metallhal term substances (US, A, 40 05 956).

This process involves introducing the comminuted metal-containing substance into a reaction space with an inert or reducing atmosphere at a gas pressure in the range from 1.333 to 1.333 × 10 ³ Pa and heating the metal-containing substance by the action of electrons, ions and gas molecules, the source of which Is gas glow discharge.

Because the pressure of the reducing gas in the reaction chamber Is 70 times less than ordinary air pressure the rate of metal reduction the metal-containing substance is low because the reduction gene speed depends on the pressure of the reducing gas and the lower, the lower this pressure is.

A glow discharge occurs in the gas at a pressure of 1.333 to 1.333 · 10 ³ Pa in the space between the surface of the substance to be reduced and the electrode attached some distance above the substance, producing a potential difference between the electrode and the substance to be treated. The potential difference is not greater than a few kilovolts. The energy of the particles resulting from such a discharge is not greater than a few kiloelectrons volt.

One uses as electron and ion source also electron and ion cannons. That of electron or electrons or ions emitted by ion cannons have an energy of not more than a few tens of kilos electron volt. Therefore, when using Ions to irradiate the substance to be reduced only a very thin layer of the substance exposed to the Ions. The ions almost do not penetrate the irradiated ones Fabric. Even if the substance during the Ion radiation is mixed, is subject to on effect of the ions only a very thin surface layer of particles. That means that only one ge small part of the material to be reduced ion is exposed.  

If electrons to reduce the radiation material is used, a thicker Layer subjected to the action of electrons, than when using ions because electrons are a have greater penetration. But even if an electron gun ver is turned and the electrons have an energy of -zig Have kiloelectron volts, the electrons become flat if in a fairly thin layer of the too reduced absorbing substance without deep into the mass of the Penetrate (the thickness of the electrons irradiated layer of the fabric is a few microns). If the size of the particles to be reduced Fabric is a few tens of microns, and the fabric is mixing is only subject to the surface layer of the particles of the substance of the Action of electrons. Hence it is only part of the substance to be reduced which is exposed to electrons. This fact, ver associated with the low pressure of the reducing gas, leads to a sensitive slowdown of the pro Process of extracting metal from metal-containing substances in the production of liquid metal and metal powder and in the magnetization of weak magnetic chemical iron ore when this method is applied is coming.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention is based on the object Process for extracting metal from metal-containing Substances where these substances are crushed, then in a reaction chamber with reducing Introduced atmosphere and by electron beam be heated to provide. Such radiation should at certain pressure in a reaction space come the process of metal extraction accelerated from metal-containing substances.

This object is achieved in that the irradiation is carried out by accelerated electrons whose energy flux density fluctuates within the limits of 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² , with a pressure of 1.334 · 10 ³ to 5.066 in the reaction space · 10 ⁵ Pa is maintained.

In the production of metal from metal-containing substances, the irradiation of the metal-containing substances by accelerated electrons leads to an energy flux density in the range of approximately 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to approximately 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² at a pressure in the reaction chamber of approximately 1.334 · 10 ³ to about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa fluctuates, for the development of a non-synergetic effect, ie for a sudden acceleration of the reduction process compared to a process in the case of irradiation with unaccelerated electrons at a pressure in the reaction space of 1.333 to 1.333 · 10 ³ Pa and compared to a process which takes place at a pressure of 1.334 · 10 ³ to 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa without irradiation of the substance to be reduced.

When the metal-containing substance is irradiated, the accelerated electrons are absorbed by this substance and transfer their energy to this substance. This heats up the metal-containing substance. The high penetration ability of the accelerated electrons enables a sufficiently uniform heating of the layer of the substance to be reduced. The effect of the accelerated electrons is not limited to heating the metal-containing substance. The irradiation of the metal-containing substance with accelerated electrons with an energy flux density in the range from about 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to about 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² leads to excitation of electrons in the volume of the substance, the density of which is so enormous that a new quality of the effect of electron radiation on the substance to be reduced occurs, whereby the reduction process is greatly intensified both directly by the electron excitation and by structural crystalline defects of the irradiated substance arising as a result of the relaxation of the electron excitation. The reason for this is that the high concentration of the crystal defects and the electron excitation in the solid reactant, namely in the substance to be reduced, leads to an acceleration of the diffusion of the metal and oxygen ions and the electrons. The amplification of the diffusion current of these particles and the high concentration of the electron excitation leads to a tremendous increase in the speed of the reduction process, since in the reduction the mass transfer, ie the transfer of metal and oxygen ions, and the charge transfer, ie the transfer of electrons and vacancies, the speed of the process are determining factors.

The energetic accelerated electrons ha ben low relative energy losses when together collides with gas molecules. Therefore, the gas pressure in the Reaction space can be increased because even at high pressure value the energy losses of the electrons are low. However, increasing the pressure causes an acceleration of the reduction process, since the pressure increase hung the stream of the reducing agent to the upper area of the material to be reduced and the Concentration of the reducing agent in the zone, in the reduction expires increases.

It is advantageous that the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of about 2 · 10 ⁴ to about 3 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² when using egg s ore concentrate as a metal-containing substance in the production of iron for the production of iron powder.

Research has shown that this Energy flux density is optimal in iron production, since the process of iron extraction is maximal is accelerated.

The lower limit of the energy flux density is justified by the fact that at an energy flux density of less than 2 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² the reduction process is accelerated insignificantly in comparison to known methods and the application of the method according to the invention becomes unreasonable.

The upper limit of the energy flux density of 3 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² is due to the fact that at a higher energy flux density the temperature rises so much that the iron powder obtained is sintered. Sintering not only causes undesirable changes in the quality of the material to be reduced, but also a reduction in the speed of the reduction process. This reduction in the speed of the reduction process is due to the fact that during sintering the surface of the material to be reduced becomes smaller and the metal formed during the reduction blocks the access of the reducing agent to the inner, not yet completely reduced layers of the metal-containing substance.

It is desirable that when using ram oxide concentrate as a metal-containing substance for the manufacture of tungsten powder, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of about 1.7 × 10 ⁵ to about 6 × 10 ⁵ W / m ² .

Studies have shown that the wolf ramgewinung this energy flux density optimal is because the reduction speed is maximal increases.

At an energy flux density below 1.7 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² , the acceleration of the reduction process is irrelevant compared to known methods, which is why the application of the method according to the invention is not practical. The upper limit of the energy flux density of 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² is due to the fact that, as studies have shown, if the energy flux density increases beyond the aforementioned limit, there is no further increase in the speed of the reduction process, but the energy consumption increases .

It is recommended that when using nickel oxide concentrate as the metal-containing substance for the production of nickel powder, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of approximately 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to approximately 2.1 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² .

Studies have shown that nickel obtaining the specified interval of energy flow density is optimal because at this interval the reduction process is accelerated to the maximum.

If the energy flux density when irradiated with accelerated electrons is less than 1.25 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² , the rate of reduction increases insignificantly in comparison with the known method. Investigations have shown that if the energy flux density is increased beyond the specified limit value, there is no further increase in the speed of the reduction process, but the energy consumption increases.

It is advantageous that when tin-containing concentrate is used as the metal-containing substance in tin extraction, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained in the range from about 2.6 · 10 ⁵ to about 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² .

Studies have shown that tin Extraction of this ener from tin-containing concentrate pouring density is optimal because it is the reduction process accelerated to the maximum.

With an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of less than 2.6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² , the speed of the reduction process increases only insignificantly in comparison with known methods. When the energy flow is increased beyond the specified limit, the substance to be reduced is sintered together, the access of the reducing agent to the substance to be reduced and also the derivation of the gaseous reduction product from the substance to be reduced being difficult. The speed of reduction slows down. In addition, the quality of the reduced substance deteriorates, since the resulting tin, which is only partially reduced and sintered, contains the reduced tin. In this way tin losses occur.

It is desirable that when weakly magnetic iron ore is used as the metal-containing material for the production of iron in the magnetization of the ore, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of about 2.0 x 10 ⁴ to about 4 x 10 ⁵ W / m ² .

Studies have shown that when magnetizing roasting this energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is optimal. With an energy density below 2.0 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² , the speed of the reduction process increases only insignificantly compared to the speed of the reduction process in known processes. Studies have shown that if the energy flux density is higher than the specified maximum value, there is no acceleration of the reduction process. The reduction of the ore leads not only to the formation of the magnetic phase, namely of magnetite, in the substance to be reduced, but also to the formation of a considerable proportion of weakly magnetic vjustite, ie the quality of the substance to be reduced deteriorates because of the presence von Vjustit reduces the magnetic susceptibility of the ore drawn under the magnetizing roasting. This means that the application of the method according to the invention is not advisable in this case with an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of over 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² .

Execution of the procedure

The process for extracting metal from metallhalti Gen substances can be in any known plant be realized, the one hermetically sealable Contains chamber that serves similar purposes. The In inner space of the chamber represents a reaction space. The construction of the plant provides funds for the Zu guidance of the metal-containing substances into the reaction space and the removal of the reduction products, a pre direction for the supply of a reducing gas and a device for the discharge of the gaseous Reduction products.

The means and devices mentioned can be found in any known constructions can be used serve similar purposes. As a source for the be accelerated electrons can be any known powerful electron accelerator used will.

The process for extracting metal from metallhal term substances, e.g. B. of iron for the production of iron powder consists of the following.  

The metal-containing substance is crushed beforehand up to the required grain size. For production of Iron powder is used, e.g. B. an iron ore gene with an iron content of 72%, the rest is Beierz.

A reducing agent is placed in the reaction chamber passed, with the help of a re creating atmosphere. A can gaseous reducing agent, e.g. B. hydrogen, or a solid reducing agent, e.g. B. coke used be in the reaction space together with the me tall material is introduced.

As a reducing agent to create a redu decorative atmosphere when magnetizing roasting of weakly magnetic iron ore can, for. B. natural gas, use.

Then you bring the previously shredded metal containing substance in the reaction chamber with reducing Atmosphere and heats it up with radiation accelerated electrons.

The metal-containing substance is heated when irradiated with accelerated electrons through the energy loss of accelerated electrical in their interaction with the metal-containing Substance in the volume of this substance wherever it accelerates electrons due to their high penetration capacity penetrate gene. This heats up the metal holder ge fabric. The warming continues until the temperature necessary for reducing the metal is reached. The temperature is determined by selecting the festge necessary energy flux density of the electrons sets.

This density is in the range of about 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to about 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² . Irradiation of the metal-containing substance with accelerated electrons at an energy flux density lying outside the specified limits of 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² leads to a slowdown in the reduction.

Studies have shown that the upper limit of 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² is due to the fact that an increase in the energy flux density above this value does not lead to any further acceleration of the reduction process, although the energy consumption increases.

The lower limit of the energy flux density of 1.25 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² is due to the fact that at an energy flux density below this limit the speed of the reduction process increases insufficiently compared to known methods, so that the application of the method according to the invention is un becomes appropriate.

When heating the metal-containing substance in redu atmosphere, the Me is reduced talls. As a reduction product, it doesn't just fall the metal but also gas coming from the reacti onsraum must be removed. To remove this gaseous reduction product, its presence in the reaction space the reduction rate ver wrestles, one passes the gaseous reducing agent through a chamber in whose space the reduction starts running. The gaseous reducing agent increases Flow through the reaction chamber as a reduct onproduct gas.

For example, when you get iron from iron ore concentrate when using hydrogen as Re as a result of the reduction in iron Form of powder and water in the form of steam. At the Flow of hydrogen through the reaction space this takes the water vapor from the reaction space yourself. The hydrogen is then ge from the water vapor separates and passed again into the reaction space.  

When irradiating the metal-containing substance with accelerated electrons with an energy flux density within the specified limits, a pressure of about 1.334 · 10 ³ to about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa is maintained in the reaction space. The use of accelerated electrons together with the specified pressure leads to the creation of a non-synergistic effect, ie to a sudden increase in the speed of the reduction process compared to known processes.

The lower pressure limit of 1.334 · 10 ³ Pa is due to the fact that at a lower pressure than 1.334 · 10 ³ Pa the speed of the reduction process increases insignificantly compared to known methods. The reduction duration is longer there and the application of the method according to the invention becomes inappropriate. Studies have shown that the upper pressure limit of 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa is due to the fact that at a pressure higher than 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa there is no further acceleration of the process of metal extraction from metal-containing substances.

If a solid reducing agent is used, e.g. B. coke, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as gaseous reduction products. Is carbon monoxide a gaseous reducing agent while carbon dioxide the speed of the reduction in the reaction space process reduced. To remove the Kohlendi oxide, a gas is passed through the reaction space, e.g. B. air. The pressure in kept within the specified limits.

If the process of extracting metal from the be metal-containing material is finished, that will Metal removed from the reaction space.

When using the method according to the invention rens for metal extraction from metal-containing substances there is a non-synergistic effect, i. i.e., the  Speed of the process of metal extraction metal-containing substances skyrocketed in ver equal to those using known methods ranged speeds.

In addition, the application of the invention allows according to the procedure due to the increase in speed the process of metal extraction management of the reduction in a shorter time, what in the Bottom line for reducing energy consumption at the Metal production leads. The Me metal extraction at high process speeds ses easy to extract metal, z. B. egg Senpulver, with a lower content of residual oxygen, d. H. with higher quality.

To better understand the nature of the Erfin in the following implementation examples of the Process for extracting metal from metal-containing Fabrics listed.

In the examples, the Ver drive with known methods according to the duration the reduction of the metal compared to the sweep value of the speed of the reduction process poses.

The period of reduction of the metal is the Assume time that is necessary to 98.5% of the im metal-containing substance to reduce metal ren.

example 1

To obtain iron by the method according to the invention in the production of iron powder, iron scale with an iron content of about 74% is used, the rest are accompanying substances. The scale is crushed beforehand and then introduced into the reaction space of a hermetically closable chamber. Hydrogen is passed through the chamber in such an amount that the content of water vapor generated during the reduction in the reaction space is not more than 10% of the total gas content during the entire duration of the reduction. A hydrogen pressure of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa is maintained in the reaction chamber. Then the scale is irradiated with accelerated electrons with an energy flux density of about 1.3 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² , whereby it is heated. The process is carried out until the iron is completely reduced.

This takes 13 minutes.

When using the ver driving for the complete reduction of iron 15.43 hours needed. That means that with users extension of the process according to the invention for iron from tinder the reduction time by 71.2 times can be shortened.

Example 2

When extracting copper according to the Invention method for the production of fine disper gated copper powder, copper oxide is used. The Copper oxide is crushed beforehand and into the reak tion space of a hermetically closable chamber brought in. The chamber turns hydrogen into sol cher amount directed that the concentration of the sel during the reduction of water vapor in the reducing atmosphere not more than 10% of Ge total gas content during the entire reduction period is.

The hydrogen pressure in the reaction space is about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa. The copper oxide is irradiated with accelerated electrons with an energy flux density of approximately 1.25 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² , whereby it heats up. The process is carried out until the copper is completely reduced, which takes 2 hours.

Compared to the prototype, where the reduction of copper lasts more than 48 hours inventive method the reduction time by more than shortened 24 times.

Example 3

When using molybdenum oxide concentrate as a metal-containing substance in the process according to the invention, the oxide concentrate is crushed beforehand when it is reduced to produce molybdenum powder and introduced into the reaction space of a hermetically closable chamber. The reduction takes place in a hydrogen atmosphere when the hydrogen flowing through the reaction chamber is consumed, in which the water vapor generated during the reduction is drained off and the concentration of the water vapor is not more than 10% of the total gas content in the reaction space. The pressure in the reaction space is 1.334 · 10 ³ Pa. The material to be reduced is heated by irradiation with accelerated electrons with an energy flux density of approximately 1.3 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² . The process is carried out until the molybdenum is completely reduced, which takes 20 hours.

When using the ver driving becomes a complete reduction of molybdenum 4.2 times more time needed.

Example 4

When extracting iron according to the invention Process for producing iron powder from iron ore concentrate with an iron content of more than 72% and the remaining Beierz becomes the iron ore concentrate shredded here and then into the reaction chamber one hermetically sealed chamber. In the Reaction space will supply hydrogen in such an amount tet that the concentration of water produced  vapor in the reaction space not more than 10% of Ge total gas content. The necessary Maintain gas pressure in the reaction space. The iron Ore concentrate is accelerated by irradiation with ten electrons heated. The process leads up to complete reduction of the iron through.

The duration of the reduction is:

• a) at a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa and an energy flux density of about 2 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² 30 min;
• b) at a pressure in the reaction space of about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa and an energy flux density of about 3 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² 7.25 min.

When using the prototype, the reduction is on time of iron in both cases 33 hours, d. H., in the case

• a) when using the method according to the invention the period of time for iron reduction is reduced by 66 times and in the fall
• b) by 264 times compared to the prototype.

Example 5

In the tungsten extraction according to the Invention Process for the production of tungsten powder one uses tungsten oxide concentrate. That before smaller concentrate is in the reaction chamber hermetically sealed chamber introduced. As Reducing agents use hydrogen. The Ver need of the water passed through the reaction space Substance is determined so that during the reduction the concentration of water vapor in the Reaction space not more than 10% of the total gas content is. The necessary hydrogen pressure maintained in the reaction space. The tungsten oxide concentrate is heated by irradiation with be accelerated electrons.  

The process is until the complete reduction of the Wolframs performed. The duration of the reduction is included:

• a) with an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 1.7 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 130 min = 2.17 hours;
• b) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 2 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 23 min = 0.38 hours;
• c) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa 1.2 min = 0.02 hours.

When using the known method for the Tungsten extraction in cases a), b) and c) the duration of the tungsten reduction over 48 hours, 12.8 hours or 4.5 hours. That means that at Application of the method according to the invention the time Duration of the tungsten reduction in case a) by 2.22 times, in case b) by 33.7 times and in case c) by 225 times is shortened.

Example 6

When using nickel oxide concentrate as me tall containing substance in the inventive method nickel production for the production of nickel powder you bring the previously shredded concentrate into the Reaction chamber of a hermetically sealed chamber a. Hydrogen is fed into the chamber Consumption is regulated so that in the reaction space no water vapor generated during the reaction accounts for more than 10% of the total gas content. Doing so maintain the necessary gas pressure. The nickel oxide concentrate is heated by irradiation with be  accelerated electrons. The process will continue until the rest carried out loose nickel reduction.

The duration of the nickel reduction is:

• a) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 1.25 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 60 min = 1 hour;
• b) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 1.8 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 6 min = 0.1 hour;
• c) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 2.1 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa 0.5 min = 0.008 hours.

When using the prototype for the nickelge the duration of the nickel reduction in cases a), b) and c) 28 hours, 3.3 hours or 3.3 hours. That means that when applied the duration of the inventive method Reduction of nickel in case a) by 28 times, in case b) is shortened by 33 times and in case c) by 398 times.

Example 7

In the tin extraction according to the invention Process for the production of tin from tin According to the concentrate, this is made from 48.1% tin and 51.9% Be crushed existing lubricants and mixed with coke, which ver. as a reducing medium applies and in an amount of 10% of the total mass of the metal-containing substance is added. After that the concentrate is introduced into a reaction space and heated by irradiation with accelerated electr to roar. When the concentrate is heated, the tin turns right induced. This releases carbon dioxide. By the Re action space you conduct a certain amount of air,  thus the concentration of carbon dioxide in the reactor onsraum during the reduction process 10% of the total gas content increases. The necessary Maintain gas pressure in the reaction chamber.

The process continues until the tin is completely reduced.

The duration of the reduction is:

• a) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 2.6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 5 hours;
• b) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 3.2 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 12 min = 0.2 hours;
• c) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of about 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa 3.5 min = 0.06 hours.

When using the known method for tin extraction is the duration of the reduction in the cases a), b) and c) over 48 hours, 10.5 hours and 10.5, respectively Hours.

From this it can be seen that when using the Method according to the invention for tin extraction Reduction time in case a) by 10 times, in case b) by Be shortened 52.5 times and in case c) by 175 times can.

Example 8

When using the method according to the invention for magnetizing roasting of weakly magnetic The ore, iron quartzite, becomes iron ore beforehand grind to size 0.125 mm. The ore is mixed with 85% carbon-containing anthracite dust in an amount of 1.5% of the total mass and bring it into a reaction space. The ore  is heated by irradiation with accelerated electr tron at a certain energy flux density. That at the Reduction of the iron resulting carbon dioxide is eliminated removed the reaction space by adding air in con constant amount passes through the reaction space.

The air consumption is regulated so that the Kon concentration of carbon dioxide in the reaction space during of the process does not exceed 10%.

The magnetizing roasting is stopped before the iron is completely reduced. The duration of the ma Gnetizing roasting is after the maximum iron Yield in the magnetic fraction during processing process set.

The duration of magnetizing roasting in users The method according to the invention is:

• a) with an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of approx. 2 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of approx. 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 2 min = 0.03 hours;
• b) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of approx. 4 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² and a pressure in the reaction space of approx. 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa 1 min = 0.017 hours.

When using the known method to magne roasting is the roasting time for the felling le a) and b) 14 and 6.6 hours, respectively.

Consequently, when the inventions are applied, it shortens process according to the invention for magnetizing roasting, where a solid reducing agent as a reducing agent Medium used is the duration of the reduction of the Iron in case a) by 467 times and in case b) by 388 times.

Example 9

When using the method according to the invention for magnetizing roasting of weakly magnetic  You grind the ore, iron quartzite, up to size class 0.125 mm. The ore is transported into a reaction space, where natural gas as a reduction medium is managed. The ore is heated by Be radiation with accelerated electrons at determ ter energy flux density.

A gas pressure of 1.0133 · 10 ⁵ Pa is maintained in the reaction space. The magnetizing roasting is stopped before the iron is completely reduced. The duration of the magnetizing roasting is determined according to the maximum iron yield in the magnetic fraction during the processing process.

The duration of the magnetizing roasting is included:

• a) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 3 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² 5 min = 0.08 hours;
• b) at an energy flux density of the accelerated electrons of about 4 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² 3 min = 0.05 hours.

When using the known method for ma gnetizing roasting is the roasting time in the Cases a) and b) 8 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively.

Consequently, when the inventions are applied, it shortens process according to the invention for magnetizing roasting, in which a gaseous reducing agent as redu Ornamental medium is used, the duration of the Reduk tion of iron in case a) by 100 times and in case b) by 90 times.

The examples given show that that the application of the method according to the invention leads to a non-synergistic effect, d. i.e., too a sudden increase in the speed of the Metal extraction from metal-containing substances, in some cases by more than 460 times compared to the Ge  speeds when using known methods be achieved.

Industrial applicability

The present invention can be used for the production of iron in the production of iron powder from iron scale be applied. This shortens the duration of the Reduction of iron by 71.2 times compared to known methods of iron extraction.

When using the method according to the invention for iron production in the production of iron powder ver from iron ore concentrate with an iron content by more than 72% (the rest is Beierz) the time for the complete reduction of iron 264 times.

When using the method according to the invention for the production of tungsten in the production of tungsten powder from tungsten oxide concentrate can extend the duration of the perfect reduction of the tungsten by 225 times in Comparison to known methods of tungsten extraction be shortened.

When using weakly magnetic iron ore can reduce the duration of iron reduction by 467 times can be shortened compared to known methods.

Claims (6)

1. A process for metal extraction from metal-containing substances, in which these substances are first crushed, then introduced into a reaction chamber with a reducing atmosphere and heated by electron radiation, characterized in that the radiation is carried out by accelerated electrons, the energy flow density of which is within the limits is from 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² , a pressure of 1.334 · 10 ³ to 5.066 · 10 ⁵ Pa being maintained in the reaction space. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using iron ore concentrate as a metal-containing substance in the production of iron for the production of iron powder, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of 2 · 10 ⁴ to 3 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² . 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using tungsten oxide concentrate as a metal-containing substance in the production of tungsten for the production of tungsten powder ver the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons in the limits of 1.7 · 10 ⁵ to 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ^{2 is} maintained. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using nickel oxide concentrate as a metal-containing substance in nickel production for the production of nickel powder, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons in the limits of 1.25 · 10 ⁴ to 2.1 · 10 ⁴ W / m ^{2 is} maintained. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using tin-containing concentrate as a metal-containing substance in tin extraction, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of 2.6 · 10 ⁵ to 6 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² . 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using weakly magnetic iron ore as a metal-containing material for iron production in the magnetization of the ore, the energy flux density of the accelerated electrons is maintained within the limits of 2 · 10 ⁴ to 4 · 10 ⁵ W / m ² .