DE3633637A1 - Method of producing a treatment atmosphere, and plant and device intended to perform the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing a treatment atmosphere for the treatment of patients suffering from rheumatic disorders by low-temperature therapy. The therapy gas, e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, noble gas, hydrocarbon mixture or the like, is liquefied in a heat exchanger by temperature cooling. For local treatment, the liquid gas removed is kept at a temperature, by adjusting the cooling medium to which the heat exchanger is exposed, such that the gas stream impinges on the body surface to be treated in a homogeneous gas phase. For treatment of the whole body, a treatment atmosphere is mixed in a ratio corresponding approximately to that of normal air, of liquid oxygen to liquid nitrogen and then fed to the treatment cabin in a volume flow-controlled manner.

Description

The invention relates to a method for generating a Treatment atmosphere for rheumatic treatment sick people through low-temperature therapy and Implementation of the process a plant for the whole body treatment and a device for local loading action.

The user is for the treatment of rheumatic patients of low-temperature therapy. So z. B. sprayed cold gas on rheumatic limbs, usually liquid nitrogen with a temperature of approx. 180 ° C is used. With the known before directions for the generation of this cold gas however, the disadvantage that the actual cooling medium ver need the theoretical cooling medium consumption considerably exceeds. Furthermore, it can affect the patient too Burns come because it cannot be ruled out that liquid nitrogen on the body to be treated cut meets. The full-time Be is also known act of a rheumatic patient in therapy cabin. The required treatment atmosphere will be like follows manufactured. First, the treatment dried to a dew point of approx. -50 ° C. Then the atmosphere is raised by means of a refrigeration system cooled to -60 ° C. To achieve the desired loading action temperature is then determined with the help of liquid nitrogen as the cooling medium cooled to approx. -120 ° C to -160 ° C. By a special readjustment of the temperature of the treatment atmosphere is then in the therapy cabin desired value achieved. This procedure is also burdened with considerable disadvantages. The process from the start the system up to operational readiness is exceptional time consuming. Because the dew point drop is well over the treatment temperature is, it comes after a short time Operating time to considerable icing in the treatment  space, which is extremely uncomfortable for the patient. In addition, the equipment required for drying treatment atmosphere and the one to be achieved Treatment temperature very expensive.

The object of the invention is a method to show with one for rheumatic treatment Suitable treatment atmosphere created for the sick can be without a risk of burns or icing occurs in the treatment room. A Another object of the invention is a plant for a whole body treatment and a device for local treatment for rheumatic patients Show application of the procedure.

According to the invention. the problem is solved by that for local treatment rheumatic Limits the liquid flowing out of a heat exchanger gas or that withdrawn from a liquefied gas storage tank Liquefied petroleum gas by adjusting the heat exchanger impacting cooling medium or by thermal treatment is tempered in an evaporator so that the gas flow with a temperature above the dew point temperature rature in homogeneous gas phase on the body to be treated surface meets that for the whole body treatment Formation of the treatment atmosphere in one of the Composition of normal air corresponding ratio liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen either in mixed in the liquid phase or on one of the desired treatment atmosphere dependent temperature evaporated and then mixed and then either over a pre-evaporator, via a post-heating device, via a pre-evaporator and a post-heater or Directly volume flow controlled to the treatment cabin leads.  

This ensures that only cryogenic gas parts of the body to be treated reached. For the whole body therapy can affect the drying of the atmosphere and the additional use of chillers is avoided the. It is particularly advantageous that the treatment atmosphere has a much lower dew point and it therefore only much later to icing in the Therapy cabin is coming. In addition, the time from the start of the Plant up to its operational readiness by a lot times less than with known systems. Unless he required, can also be an oxygenated one Atmosphere to be used for treatment.

According to a further feature of the invention System for performing the whole body treatment at least two storage tanks for liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, each by means of a line connected to a mixing chamber with volume flow controller are, the output of which with at least one storage tank for the treatment atmosphere as well as a regulated one Post-heating device connected to the treatment cabin is.

According to a further feature of the invention, the front direction to carry out a local therapy of rheumatic diseases by spraying a cold Gases on the area to be treated in a heat exchanger is liquefied with a cooling medium, so out forms that the cooling medium in the heat exchanger in a double pipe, which is made from a with the Coolant inlet spigot connected core tube and a jacket pipe connected to the coolant outlet connection exists, which exits from the heat exchanger LPG with the temperature set in the heat exchanger the surface sections of a body to be cooled is cash.

Further embodiments of the invention are in the dependent claims and described below with reference of the drawings explained in more detail. It shows

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a treatment system for a full body,

Fig. 2 shows a device for a local therapy,

Fig. 3 shows the design of the heat exchanger tube of a heat exchanger for the apparatus of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 shows the temperature profile across a heat exchanger tube according to Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a metering valve in a side view in section.

The method for whole-body therapy is explained below using the system 80 shown schematically in FIG. 1. The gases nitrogen and oxygen required to produce the treatment atmosphere are stored in storage tanks 1 , 2 . The storage temperature of these gases is -183 ° C for oxygen and -196 ° C for nitrogen. The storage tanks 1 , 2 are preferably vacuum-insulated to keep evaporation losses as low as possible. The Konstantdruckregulie tion of both storage tanks 1 , 2 takes place via the controller 56 , 57 , so that an exact mixing of the two gases is achieved. The volume flow of the oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres is regulated by means of the volume flow controllers 76 , 77 . Two mixing variants are possible, firstly the mixing of nitrogen and oxygen in the liquid phase and secondly the mixing of the treatment atmosphere in the gas phase.

When mixing nitrogen and oxygen in the liquid phase, the shut-off valves 63 , 64 are closed, the circulation fan 66 and the evaporator 65 are out of operation and the heating register 67 for the evaporator 65 is switched off. The shut-off valves 59 , 60 are open and the liquid oxygen and nitrogen flow through the mixing chamber 4 with a constant, controlled pressure and volume flow. After exiting the mixing chamber 4 , the oxygen concentration and the dew point of the liquid mixture are analyzed by measuring devices 61 , 62 and corrected if necessary by means of the volume flow controllers 76 , 77 so that the desired value is reached.

The storage tank 3 is filled with the desired treatment atmosphere, the shut-off valve 55 being closed and the shut-off valve 55 a being open. After reaching the fill level, which is indicated by a minimum level control 74 or a maximum level control 75 , the shut-off valves 59 , 60 are closed before the mixing chamber 4 enters. The sufficient amount of the desired treatment atmosphere is now present in the storage tank 3 .

When starting system 80 , the following must be observed. Before the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 are lowered to the desired temperature, their entire atmosphere must be rinsed with a dry treatment atmosphere until the desired dew point has set in the climatic chambers. This is necessary to prevent the climate chambers from icing up. The shut-off valves 54 , 53 are to be opened and the shut-off valve 52 to be closed. The still liquid treatment atmosphere flows through the collector 6 and is evenly distributed to the climate chambers 10 , 11 , 12 . It is possible to operate any desired number of climatic chambers, so that more than three climatic chambers can also be used.

The temperature control chambers 7, 8, 9 of the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 are operated with the full output of the circulation fans 26 , 27 , 28 , the heating registers 29 , 30 , 31 reaching their maximum output. The volume flow controllers 23 , 24 , 25 for the volume flow control of the treatment atmosphere are fully open. The shut-off valves 44 , 45 , 46 are also open. The gas jet fan 18 is activated via the propulsion jet regulator 18 a and sucks the entering atmosphere from the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 . The shut-off valve 51 must be open. The control flaps 14 , 15 , 16 for the exhaust air from the climate chambers 10 , 11 , 12 are fully open. After reaching the desired dew point, which is analyzed by the measuring devices 33 , 37 , 41 , the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 are ready for operation and can be operated cold. For this purpose, the shut-off valve 53 is closed. The liquid treatment atmosphere from the storage tank 3 flows through the pre-evaporator 5 and passes through the open shut-off valve 52 in the collector 6 . In the temperature control chambers 7, 8, 9 , the desired temperature for the individual climate chambers 10 , 11 , 12 is regulated by the temperature controllers 35, 39, 43 . The shut-off valves 44 , 45 , 46 are open. The control flaps 14 , 15 , 16 for the exhaust air are still fully open. This also applies to the shut-off valve 51 . The control valves 20 , 21 , 22 for the return air to be supplied to the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 are closed. The gas jet fan 18 is still in operation. After he reach the target temperatures in the individual climate chambers 10 , 11 , 12 , the system 80 is released for therapy.

During the operation of the system 80 , the important parameters of the treatment atmosphere such as temperature via measuring devices 35 , 39 , 43 , 50 , oxygen concentration via measuring devices 32 , 36 , 40 , 47 , CO ₂ concentration via measuring devices 34 , 38 , 42 , 49 and also the dew point via measuring devices 33 , 37 , 41 , 48 monitored and regulated. The exhaust air from the collector 13 is analyzed by measuring devices 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 before being returned to the climatic chambers. Depending on which exhaust air condition is established, there is the possibility of supplying a partial flow to the climate chambers 10 , 11 , 12 via return air collectors 19 and return air control valves 20 , 21 , 22 . The excess air flow is blown through the shut-off valve 51 to the environment. The gas jet fan 18 is regulated via the propellant jet regulator 18 a in such a way that there is a minimal excess pressure in the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 . This is necessary to prevent the intake of ambient air. The pre-evaporator 5 has two tasks to perform, firstly the optimal use of the available cooling energy from the liquid treatment atmosphere and secondly the lowering of the dew point of the exhaust air from the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 , in order to enable a return air duct to the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 .

To mix the treatment phase in the gas phase, it is theoretically possible to evaporate oxygen and nitrogen from the storage tanks 1 , 2 before mixing to the treatment atmosphere. This is done in such a way that the shut-off valves 63 , 64 are opened and at the same time the shut-off valves 59 , 60 are closed. The Ver steamer 65 is adjusted via the circuit fan 66 , the heating register 67 and the temperature controller 68, 69 , that just both gases are evaporated to 100%. This is the case when the oxygen is at a temperature depending on the prevailing pressure of approximately -180 ° C. and the nitrogen at approximately -192 ° C., which is regulated by means of the temperature regulators 68, 69 . The shut-off valve 55 a must be closed. Thereafter, it is possible to direct the cryogenic mixture stream via the pre-evaporator 5 with the shut-off valve 53 open and the shut-off valve 78 closed, or else to lead it directly to the collector 6 . The shut-off valve 53 must be closed and the shut-off valve 78 must be open. The entire system 80 is then regulated as described above.

There is also the possibility of passing the mixed treatment atmosphere directly into the collector 6 via the pre-evaporator 5 without being stored in the storage tank 3 . The shut-off valves 54 , 55 a , 78 must be closed. In this case, the system 80 is also regulated as described above.

An important prerequisite for successful therapy is the preparation of the treatment cabins, which are designed as climate chambers, and of the patients. The climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 are flooded with the vaporized gas mixture at normal temperature before tempering. The residual moisture still present is thereby expelled and there are no more icings when the climate cabin 10 , 11 , 12 is cold. In order to obtain as little moisture as possible in the climatic chamber 10 , 11 , 12 , it is necessary that the patient has a filter in front of his mouth and nose that removes the moisture from the exhaled atmosphere. This can e.g. B. through a filter with a suitable adsorbent.

The volume flow of the cold, dry gas mixture can be dimensioned such that any moisture in the climatic chamber 10 , 11 , 12 occurs with the exhaust air. This can be done by a dew point control that controls an injector that regulates the amount of exhaust air to be removed. It is expedient to design all system components that are exposed to low temperatures in a vacuum-insulated manner. This enables optimization of operating costs and prevents the formation of condensate on the surfaces of the system. It is advantageous to form several temperature zones in the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 , which are separated from one another by suitable locks. This optimizes the course of therapy. The treatment atmosphere can z during Thera pie. B. can be prevented by changes in oxygen concentration. To control the temperature of the gas mixture, an evaporator can be used, which has a heated circuit as heat transfer medium and is hermetically sealed from the normal atmosphere. This prevents icing of the evaporator system and thus a change in the evaporator output. The heat carrier can be a non-condensing gas such as. B. be inert gas or noble gas. The prerequisite here is that this heat transfer gas neither condenses nor crystallizes at the low temperatures to be expected. Furthermore, it is possible to use a liquid that is not crystallized as the heat transfer medium. Between the Kabi neninnenwand and the cabin outer wall of each climate chamber 10 , 11 , 12 , an annular gap can be formed, which is flushed with a very dry gas, which has the lowest possible dew point. This prevents icing in windows integrated in the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 , so that the monitoring of the patients is not impaired. Before entering the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 , the treatment atmosphere can also be ionized. It is also possible to carry out the ionization of the treatment atmosphere in the climatic chambers 10 , 11 , 12 itself.

A device for performing local treatment rheumatic sufferers is shown in Fig. 2. With this device, all those gases, in particular noble gases and hydrocarbon mixtures, can be cooled to such an extent that they are still gaseous at the desired treatment temperature and are also physiologically safe for patient and therapist. The device consists of a heat exchanger 101 and a metering valve 104 . The heat exchanger 101 has an inlet connection for a gas or gas mixture 103 and a liquid gas outlet connection 108 as well as a cooling medium inlet connection 105 and a cooling medium outlet connection 106 . In the jacket 110 of the heat exchanger 101 , which is expediently covered with a thermal insulation layer 143 , a liquefaction chamber 109 is formed, which is surrounded by a coil 111 . The liquefaction chamber 109 is connected to the gas inlet connector 107 and the LPG outlet connector 108 , the coil 111 , with the cooling medium inlet connector 105 and the coolant outlet connector 106 .

The LPG outlet 108 is connected to a metering valve 104 . Its valve outlet 122 is assigned to the area to be treated locally on the patient's body. The liquefied gas 113 coming out of the liquefaction chamber 109 emerges from the valve outlet 122 and is converted into the frozen gas phase.

The line 135 connected to the cooling medium outlet nozzle 106 can be shut off by means of a valve 138 . The cooling medium 102 , which is introduced into the cooling medium inlet port 105 in liquid form, emerges from the cooling medium outlet port 106 in gaseous form. A further line 136 , optionally with a valve 137, can be connected to line 135 , which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 2. The opening section 144 of the line 136 extends into the area of the valve outlet 122 and is assigned to the surface to be cooled. The cooling medium of the heat exchanger 101 , which is in the gas phase, can thus also be directed at least partially onto the surface to be cooled.

In order to liquefy noble gases or gas mixtures, very exact condensation temperatures have to be generated. In most cases, the temperature of the cooling medium 102 is below the fixed point temperature of the noble gases or else the triple point is unfavorable to the temperature of the cooling medium 102 . This can lead to an unwanted solidification of the noble gases and thus to icing of the heat exchanger 101 . In order to prevent this, the pipe coil 111 is formed from a double pipe 112 , which consists of a core pipe 113 connected to the cooling medium inlet port 105 and a jacket pipe 114 connected to the cooling medium outlet port 106 . The core tube 113 is connected to the jacket tube 114 by means of a deflection chamber 115 ( FIG. 3). The cooling medium outlet connection 106 is connected to the casing tube 114 by means of the deflection chamber 116 . With the help of this jacket tube 112 , an exact wall temperature T ₂ can be adjusted on the outer surface 117 of the jacket tube 114 ( FIG. 4). This wall temperature T ₂ corresponds to the temperature of the cooling medium 102 in the gaseous phase and is approximately 1 to 2 ° C below the critical solidification temperature. This prevents uncontrolled crystal formation and the resulting changes in the heat transfer coefficient. An optimal heat transfer is guaranteed.

In addition, it is also possible to deliberately bring about a crystallization by setting the wall temperature T ₂ below the fixed point of the noble gases or gas mixtures. Different heat exchanger designs can be selected depending on the capacity of the heat exchanger (kg liquid / h). A spiral pipe version is suitable for smaller liquefaction services, a plate exchanger version for medium-sized liquefaction services and a tube bundle version for large liquefaction services. Additional constructive aids can be used for conscious crystallizations. With a double unit design in alternating operation, the degree of icing can be determined via the pressure loss. Scratches or scrapers can be used to clean iced heat exchanger surfaces.

For optimal control of the temperature in the heat exchanger, the temperatures of the means flowing through the heat exchanger must be coordinated with one another, namely the temperature T ₂ for determining the limit temperature and the temperature T ₃ for regulating the cooling medium inlet, the supply of cooling medium being interrupted when the target temperature T ₂ is reached . The temperature T ₂ can also be used to determine the limit temperature and the temperature T ₃ a to regulate the inlet of the cooling medium. As already described, the temperature T _{2 is} higher than the temperature T ₃ a .

An embodiment of a metering valve 104 is shown in FIG. 5. This metering valve 104 is designed as a piston valve, the piston 125 being a hollow piston. The metering valve 104 is actuated pneumatically via a control line 129 . The piston chamber 123 connected to the valve output 122 is connected to a connection line 124 for a vacuum pump and a flushing direction. The piston 125 is zen by a tension spring 126 for closing the Flüssiggasauslaßstut zen 108 on a thrust bearing 127 in Flüssiggasauslaßstut 108 can be pressed. Openings 132 are formed in the jacket of the counter bearing 127 , through which liquid gas flows when the piston 125 is pressed onto the piston chamber bottom 130 and through the openings 134 of the piston 125 reaches the valve outlet 122 . The valve block 144 is placed directly on the jacket 110 of the heat exchanger 101 . At the valve outlet 122 , a holding device 133 is formed, which can be used to fasten a Gasleitein device such as a hose or flexible pipe. By means of this metering valve 104 , it is possible, after a predetermined cycle time, for pure gas such. B. nitrogen, liquefied noble gases or gas mixtures exactly to dosie ren. These functions can be realized in the smallest space. The dosage depends on the piston stroke of piston 125 . On the gas side, care must be taken to ensure that no liquefied product penetrates the gas-carrying lines in the vacuum state. This is prevented by using the piston 25 as a closing element.

Metering valves 104 of different configurations can be used. So z. B. a 5/2-way valve with metallic sealing surfaces and pneu matically timed control can be used. Heat exchanger 101 and metering valve 104 are expediently created in a vacuum-insulated manner in order to prevent possible gas formation in the liquid-carrying pipes.

Using the described device, it is possible to set the temperature of the liquid gas 131 emerging from the heat exchanger 101 in a range from -60 ° C. to -188 ° C. with a tolerance of +/- 1 ° C. The therapeutic treatment can thus be individually adjusted to the specific training of the rheumatic disease by appropriate dosing of the temperature of the liquid nitrogen, ensuring that the body surfaces to be treated only come into contact with the gas phase of the liquid gas.

Claims (32)

1. A method for generating a treatment atmosphere for the treatment of rheumatically ill people by low-temperature therapy, in which the gas intended for therapy such as nitrogen, oxygen, noble gas, hydrocarbon gas mixture or the like is liquefied in a heat exchanger by low-temperature cooling, characterized in that for local Treatment of rheumatically affected limbs the liquid gas flowing out of the heat exchanger or the liquid gas drawn off from a liquid gas storage tank by adjusting the cooling medium acting on the heat exchanger or by thermal treatment in an evaporator so that the gas flow is at a temperature above the dew point temperature in a homogeneous gas phase on the body surface to be treated and that for the whole body treatment to form the treatment atmosphere in an approximately corresponding to the composition of normal air ratio of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen ff either mixed in the liquid phase or evaporated to a temperature dependent on the desired treatment temperature and then mixed and then either via a pre-evaporator, via a post-heating device, via a pre-evaporator and a post-heating device or directly to the treatment cabin in a volume-flow-controlled manner becomes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that an injector by a dew point control is controlled by the from the treatment cabin exhaust air volume to be extracted is set. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized net that the oxygen concentration of the treatment atmosphere during therapy by exposure to Volume flow controller is changed. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in net that the brought into the treatment cabin Treatment atmosphere on components of Kohlendi oxide is monitored. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for mixing in the gas phase the liquid acid substance and the liquid nitrogen before entering a mixing chamber passed through an evaporator becomes. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the evaporator with a heat transfer medium in a inert heated compared to the normal atmosphere hermetically sealed atmosphere becomes.   7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that that as a heat transfer medium a gas not to be condensed or a liquid not to be crystallized is used. 8. The method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in net that the treatment atmosphere before entering the treatment cabin is ionized. 9. The method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in net that the treatment atmosphere in the treatment is ionized. 10. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in net that the space between the outer wall of the cabin and the inside of the cabin with a very dry gas at a lower temperature. 11. System for performing the method according to claim 1 to 10 for whole-body therapy, characterized by at least two storage tanks ( 1 , 2 ) for liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, each learning by means of a line ( 81 , 82 ) with volume flow control ( 76 , 77 ) is connected to a mixing chamber ( 4 ), the outlet of which is connected to at least one storage tank ( 3 ) for the treatment atmosphere and to the treatment booth via a re-heating device. 12. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that all system compos loaded with low temperatures are vacuum-insulated.   13. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that between the storage tanks ( 1 , 2 ) and the mixing chamber ( 4 ) an evaporator is arranged with a hermetically sealed to the normal atmosphere inert heatable circuit for the heat transfer medium. 14. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the circuit as a heat transfer medium does not condense of the gas like inert gas or noble gas or one not has crystallizing liquid. 15. Plant according to claim 11 to 14, characterized in that a measuring device ( 61 , 62 ) for determining the oxygen concentration and the dew point is arranged at the outlet of the mixing chamber ( 4 ). 16. Plant according to claim 11 to 15, characterized in that the temperature control chambers ( 7, 8, 9 ) are designed as reheating devices for the collector ( 6 ), the output of which is connected to a return collector. 17. Plant according to claim 11 to 16, characterized in that before the entry of the treatment atmosphere and at the outlet of the pre-evaporator ( 5 ) each have a measuring device for determining the oxygen concentration ( 47 , 32 , 36 , 40 ) for determining the Dew point temperature ( 48 , 33 , 37 , 41 ) in the exhaust air from the climatic chambers ( 10 , 11 , 12 ) and for the analysis of the CO₂ content ( 49 , 34 , 38 , 42 ) is arranged. 18. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that a measuring device ( 50 ) for determining the temperature of the gas mixture is arranged on the pre-evaporator ( 5 ). 19. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that a temperature sensor ( 35, 39, 43 ) for determining the temperature of the treatment atmosphere is arranged in front of the entrances to the climatic chambers ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). 20. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 10 for local therapy of rheumatic diseases by spraying a cold gas onto the surface to be treated, which is liquefied in a heat exchanger with a cooling medium, characterized in that the cooling medium ( 112 ) in the heat exchanger ( 101 ) is guided in a double tube ( 112 ) which consists of a core tube ( 113 ) connected to the coolant inlet spigot ( 105 ) and a jacket tube ( 114 ) connected to the coolant outlet spigot ( 106 ), which consists of the heat exchanger ( 101 ) emerging liquid gas ( 131 ) with the temperature set in the heat exchanger ( 101 ) can be supplied to the surface sections of a body to be cooled. 21. The apparatus according to claim 1 for use in rheumatism therapy, characterized in that the liquid gas ( 131 ) is liquid nitrogen. 22. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 20, characterized in that the core tube ( 113 ) is connected to the casing tube ( 14 ) by means of a deflection chamber ( 115 ). 23. The apparatus of claim 11 and 16, characterized in that the jacket tube ( 114 ) with the Kühlme diumausgangsstutzen ( 106 ) is connected by a deflection chamber ( 116 ). 24. The device according to claim 11 to 13, characterized in that for controlling the amount of the heat exchanger ( 101 ) flowing through the cooling medium ( 102 ) on the coolant outlet port ( 106 ) and the outer surface ( 117 ) of the casing tube ( 114 ) and possibly the Liquid gas outlet port ( 108 ) is a temperature sensor ( 118, 119, 120 ) of a control device is arranged, wherein by means of the temperature sensor ( 118 ) the inflow of the cooling medium ( 102 ) for adjusting the liquefaction temperature of the gas to be condensed, by means of the temperature sensor ( 119 ) Inflow of the cooling medium ( 102 ) depending on the wall temperature of the jacket tube ( 114 ), taking into account the temperature of the condensing medium in priority circuit over the temperature sensor ( 118 ) and by means of the temperature sensor ( 120 ) for level monitoring in the condenser, the temperature of the liquefied ver Gases can be regulated depending on the pressure in the condenser. 25. The apparatus of claim 20 to 24, characterized in that a metering valve ( 104 ) is arranged at the liquid gas outlet ( 108 ) of the heat exchanger ( 101 ). 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the metering valve ( 104 ) is ausgebil det as a piston valve. 27. The apparatus of claim 25 and 26, characterized in that the metering valve ( 104 ) is pneumatically, hydraulically or electrically actuated. 28. The apparatus of claim 25 to 27, characterized in that with the valve outlet ( 122 ) verbun den piston chamber ( 123 ) with at least one connection line ( 124 ) for a vacuum pump and a flushing device is connected. 29. The device according to claim 25 to 28, characterized in that the piston ( 125 ) forms out as a hollow piston and by means of a tension spring ( 126 ) for closing the liquid outlet port ( 108 ) on a counter bearing ( 127 ) in the liquid gas outlet port ( 108 ) can be pressed is. 30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the piston ( 125 ) by means of control air or a control fluid while closing the opening ( 128 ) of the connecting line ( 124 ) in the piston chamber ( 123 ) against the piston chamber bottom ( 130 ) can be pressed such that Liquid gas ( 131 ) flows through openings ( 132 ) on the counter bearing ( 127 ) and the central opening ( 134 ) of the piston ( 125 ) flows to the valve outlet ( 122 ). 31. The apparatus of claim 25 to 30, characterized in that a holding device ( 133 ) for a gas guide device ( 121 ) such as a hose or flexible tube is arranged at the valve outlet ( 122 ). 32. Apparatus according to claim 20 to 31, characterized in that a line ( 136 ) is connected to the coolant outlet nozzle ( 106 ), the opening portion ( 144 ) of which is assigned to the surface to be cooled.