DE3621530A1 - Process for preparing magnetic powders containing rare earth elements - Google Patents

Process for preparing magnetic powders containing rare earth elements

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Publication number
DE3621530A1
DE3621530A1 DE19863621530 DE3621530A DE3621530A1 DE 3621530 A1 DE3621530 A1 DE 3621530A1 DE 19863621530 DE19863621530 DE 19863621530 DE 3621530 A DE3621530 A DE 3621530A DE 3621530 A1 DE3621530 A1 DE 3621530A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
rare earth
concentration
magnetic powders
earth elements
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19863621530
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dimiter Todorov Buckov
Yovka Dimitrova Dragieva
Ilia Krestev Iliev
Ognemir Gencev Todorov
Mina Slavomi Slavceva-Staikova
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vmei Lenin
Original Assignee
Vmei Lenin
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Publication date
Priority to NL8601636A priority Critical patent/NL8601636A/en
Priority to JP61147230A priority patent/JPS635502A/en
Application filed by Vmei Lenin filed Critical Vmei Lenin
Priority to DE19863621530 priority patent/DE3621530A1/en
Publication of DE3621530A1 publication Critical patent/DE3621530A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/24Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0553Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The process of the invention is characterised in that the magnetic powders are prepared by mixing solutions containing the water-soluble salts of the rare earth metals and also of iron, of nickel, of cobalt, of copper and of palladium in a concentration of from 1 . 10<-3> M/l to 1.10<-1> M/l with an aqueous solution of the reducing agent sodium borohydride or sodium hypophosphite having a concentration of from 0.05 to 1 M/l at a temperature of from 10 DEG C to 90 DEG C and for a reaction time of from 1 to 30 minutes, using a permanent magnet field having an intensity of from 1.10<5> to 8.10<5> A/m and with subsequent washing and drying of the powder prepared.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Seltenerdelemente enthaltenden Pulvern, die für die Her­ stellung von gesinterten (agglomerierten) Dauermagneten verwendet werden.The invention relates to a method for producing Powders containing rare earth elements, which are used for the manufacture position of sintered (agglomerated) permanent magnets be used.

Es ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pulvern aus Le­ gierungen von Seltenerden mit ferromagnetischen Metallen bekannt. Die Ausgangslegierungen werden durch Lichtbogen- oder Hochfrequenzschmelzen der Ausgangsmetalle mit hoher Frequenz in einer Atmosphäre eines besonders reinen Ar­ gons bei Homogenisieren während mindestens einer Stunde bei einer Temperatur von 1200°C und nachfolgender Nie­ dertemperaturbearbeitung bei 200°C während einer Stunde hergestellt (Postojanie magniti - spravotschnik, isd. Energja, Moskva, 1971, S. 299; Japanese Journal of Appl. Phys., 1971, Bd. 10, Nr. 11, 1586-91; Splavi redkih metallov s osobimi fisitscheskimi svojstvami. Redkose­ melnie i blagorodnie metalli, Moskva, isd. Nauka, 1983, S. 58-60, 61-64, 64-69 usw.). Die Gußblöcke werden des öfteren mit einer Schwingmühle in inerter Atmosphäre (Japanese Journal of Appl. Phys., 1971, Bd. 10, Nr. 11, 1586-91; IEEE, Trans. on Magneti s, 1980, Nr. 5, 991- 993) oder mittels Fliehkraftkugelmühle in Ethylalkohol zerkleinert (Splavi redkih metallov s osobimi fisitsches­ kimi svojstvami. Redkosemelnie i blagorodnie metalli, Moskva, isd. Nauka, 1983, S. 58-60, 61-64, 64-69 usw.).It is a process for making powders from Le Alloys of rare earths with ferromagnetic metals known. The starting alloys are or high frequency melting of the starting metals with high Frequency in an atmosphere of a particularly pure ar gons when homogenizing for at least one hour at a temperature of 1200 ° C and never below temperature processing at 200 ° C for one hour produced (Postojanie magniti - spravotschnik, isd. Energja, Moskva, 1971, p. 299; Japanese Journal of Appl. Phys., 1971, Vol. 10, No. 11, 1586-91; Splavi redkih metallov s osobimi fisitscheskimi svojstvami. Redcose melnie i blagorodnie metalli, Moskva, isd. Nauka, 1983, Pp. 58-60, 61-64, 64-69, etc.). The cast blocks are the often with a vibrating mill in an inert atmosphere (Japanese Journal of Appl. Phys., 1971, Vol. 10, No. 11, 1586-91; IEEE, Trans. On Magneti s, 1980, No. 5, 991- 993) or using a centrifugal ball mill in ethyl alcohol crushed (Splavi redkih metallov s osobimi fisitsches kimi svojstvami. Redkosemelnie i blagorodnie metalli, Moskva, isd. Nauka, 1983, pp. 58-60, 61-64, 64-69, etc.).

Die Nachteile des bekannten Verfahrens sind: der große Energieaufwand beim Homogenisieren der Legierung, die Notwendigkeit einer inerten Atmosphäre, die hohe Reinheit der Ausgangsmaterialien und der anhaltende Produktions­ zyklus, was eine hochqualitative Ausrüstung erfordert, insbesondere beim Mahlen der Legierung.The disadvantages of the known method are: the big one Energy expenditure when homogenizing the alloy Need an inert atmosphere, the high purity  of raw materials and continued production cycle, which requires high quality equipment, especially when grinding the alloy.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war es nun, ein Verfahren für die Herstellung von Magnetpulver zu erarbeiten, das Selten­ erdelemente in Form eines feindispersen anisotropen Pul­ ver enthält, bei welchem die Arbeitsgänge Mahlen, Anwen­ dung einer inerten Atmosphäre, hohe Temperaturen, sowie auch die Schwierigkeiten bei der Homogenisierung der Le­ gierung vermieden werden, wobei die Ausgangsmetalle mit hoher Reinheit durch Salze derselben Metalle ersetzt wer­ den.The object of the invention was now to provide a method for Manufacture of magnetic powder to work out the rare Earth elements in the form of a finely dispersed anisotropic pulse ver contains, in which the operations grinding, application formation of an inert atmosphere, high temperatures, as well also the difficulties in homogenizing the Le Allocation are avoided, with the starting metals with high purity replaced by salts of the same metals the.

Das Wesen des Verfahrens besteht in einer aufeinander­ folgenden Durchführung folgender Arbeitsgänge: Vorberei­ tung der Ausgangslösungen der Metallsalze mit bestimmten Konzentrationen, ihr Vermischen mit einer Lösung des Re­ duktionsmittels Natriumborhydrid oder Natriumhypophosphit bei einer Temperatur von 10°C bis 90°C in Anwesenheit eines Magnetfeldes mit einer Intensität von 1 · 105 bis 8 · 105 A/m, mit mechanischem Verrühren während 1 bis 30 Minuten, Abscheiden des hergestellten Pulvers, Waschen (einmaliges oder mehrmaliges), Trocknen des fertigen Produkts und Paketieren.The essence of the process consists in a successive implementation of the following operations: preparation of the starting solutions of the metal salts with specific concentrations, their mixing with a solution of the reducing agent sodium borohydride or sodium hypophosphite at a temperature of 10 ° C to 90 ° C in the presence of a magnetic field an intensity of 1 · 10 5 to 8 · 10 5 A / m, with mechanical stirring for 1 to 30 minutes, separation of the powder produced, washing (once or several times), drying of the finished product and packaging.

Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bestehen im folgenden:The advantages of the method according to the invention exist hereinafter:

  • - die Notwendigkeit, die Legierungen durch Schmelzen her­ zustellen, wird vermieden; - the need to melt the alloys delivery is avoided;  
  • - es erfordert keine inerte Atmosphäre und Ausgangsmetalle mit hoher Reinheit;- it does not require an inert atmosphere and starting metals with high purity;
  • - die Arbeitsgänge und die Ausrüstung zum Mahlen der Le­ gierungen sind überflüssig.- the operations and equipment for grinding the le Alloys are superfluous.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird ein Pulver mit hoher Dispersität und mit einer Anisotropie der Form der Teilchen hergestellt, während das legierte Pulver in ei­ nem geeignet orientierten Magnetfeld bei einer niedrigen Temperatur bis zu 90°C erhalten wird. Das Verhältnis zwischen den Komponenten in der Metallegierung wird viel präziser erreicht, wegen der Möglichkeit Lösungen mit einer präzisen Konzentration herzustellen und die Reduk­ tion in Lösungen durchzuführen, bei welchen die Diffu­ sions-Temperatur-Einschränkungen beim Verschmelzen des mechanischen Gemisches von Metallen fehlen.According to the method of the invention, a powder is added high dispersity and with an anisotropy of the shape of the Particles produced while the alloy powder in egg a suitably oriented magnetic field at a low Temperature up to 90 ° C is obtained. The relationship there is a lot between the components in the metal alloy achieved more precisely because of the possibility of using solutions a precise concentration and the Reduk tion in solutions in which the diff sions temperature restrictions when the mechanical mixtures of metals are missing.

Beispiel 1example 1

Es wird eine wäßrige Lösung der Metallsalze in folgen­ den Konzentrationen zubereitet:An aqueous solution of the metal salts will follow in prepared in the concentrations:

Samariumoxid - 2,5 · 10-3 M/l und Kobalt (II)-chlorid - 0,025 M/l.Samarium oxide - 2.5 · 10 -3 M / l and cobalt (II) chloride - 0.025 M / l.

Beim Lösen des Samariumoxids wird Salzsäure benutzt, wo­ bei die so hergestellte Lösung einen pH-Wert von 1 auf­ weisen muß. Die Auflösung erfolgt bei Zimmertemperatur oder einer bis zu 50°C erhöhten Temperatur und mechani­ schem Mischen. When dissolving the samarium oxide, hydrochloric acid is used where the solution thus prepared has a pH of 1 must point. The resolution takes place at room temperature or a temperature up to 50 ° C and mechani mixing.  

Es wird eine wäßrige Lösung des Reduktionsmittels mit folgenden Konzentrationen hergestellt:An aqueous solution of the reducing agent is added manufactured the following concentrations:

Natriumborhydrid - 0,13 M/l und Natronlauge - 1,2 · 10-3 M/l.Sodium borohydride - 0.13 M / l and sodium hydroxide solution - 1.2 · 10 -3 M / l.

Die Auflösung des Natriumborhydrids erfolgt in einer vor­ her vorbereiteten wäßrigen Lösung der Natronlauge in der angegebenen Konzentration bei Zimmertemperatur und mechanischem Mischen.The sodium borohydride is dissolved in a pre prepared aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide solution in the specified concentration at room temperature and mechanical mixing.

Beide Lösungen werden in einem Reaktionsgefäß vermischt, das in einem Magnetfeld mit einer Intensität von 8 · 105 A/m während vier Minuten bei Zimmertemperatur mit mechanischem Mischen eingestellt ist.Both solutions are mixed in a reaction vessel which is set in a magnetic field with an intensity of 8 · 10 5 A / m for four minutes at room temperature with mechanical mixing.

Das erhaltene verschmolzene Pulver wird dekantiert, mehr­ mals mit Wasser und Aceton gespült, danach filtriert und in einem Vakuumtrockner getrocknet. Seine spezifische Oberfläche beträgt 98 m2/g.The fused powder obtained is decanted, rinsed several times with water and acetone, then filtered and dried in a vacuum dryer. Its specific surface area is 98 m 2 / g.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Es wird eine wäßrige Lösung der nachstehend angeführten Metallsalze in folgender Konzentration zubereitet:It becomes an aqueous solution of the below Metal salts prepared in the following concentration:

Samariumoxid - 5 · 10-3 M/l, Kobalt(II)-chlorid - 5 · 10-2 M/l, Kupferdichlorid - 7,4 · 10-3 M/l und Eisendichlorid - 1,6 · 10-2 M/l.Samarium oxide - 5 x 10 -3 M / l, cobalt (II) chloride - 5 x 10 -2 M / l, copper dichloride - 7.4 x 10 -3 M / l and iron dichloride - 1.6 x 10 -2 M / l.

Bei der Auflösung des Samariumoxids wird Salzsäure ver­ wendet, wobei die so zubereitete Lösung einen pH-Wert von 1 aufweisen muß. Die Auflösung erfolgt bei Zimmer­ temperatur oder einer bis zu 50°C leicht erhöhten Tem­ peratur und mechanischem Mischen. Es wird die im Beispiel 1 angegebene Reduktionslösung benutzt.When the samarium oxide is dissolved, hydrochloric acid is ver applies, the solution thus prepared has a pH of 1 must have. The dissolution takes place at room temperature or a slightly higher temperature up to 50 ° C  temperature and mechanical mixing. It will be the one in the example 1 specified reducing solution used.

Beide Lösungen werden in einem Reaktionsgefäß bei Zimmer­ temperatur während 2 Minuten unter mechanischem Mischen und Anwendung eines Dauermagnetfelds mit einer Intensität von 2 · 105 A/m vermischt. Das verschmolzene Pulver wird dekantiert, mehrmals mit Wasser oder Aceton gespült und unter Vakuum getrocknet.Both solutions are mixed in a reaction vessel at room temperature for 2 minutes with mechanical mixing and using a permanent magnetic field with an intensity of 2 · 10 5 A / m. The melted powder is decanted, rinsed several times with water or acetone and dried under vacuum.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Es wird eine wäßrige Lösung der nachstehend angeführten Metallsalze in folgender Konzentration hergestellt:It becomes an aqueous solution of the below Metal salts produced in the following concentration:

Gadoliniumchlorid - 3 · 10-3 M/l, Eisendichlorid - 7,5 · 10-2 M/l.Gadolinium chloride - 3 x 10 -3 M / l, iron dichloride - 7.5 x 10 -2 M / l.

Das Gadoliniumchlorid ist eine wasserlösliche Verbindung. Doch wenn erforderlich, wird ein minimales Quantum Salz­ säure für die Herstellung einer echten Lösung beigefügt. Als letzter Zusatz wird zu dieser Lösung Palladiumdich­ lorid - 2.10-4 M/l gegeben. Dieses wird in konzentrierter Salzsäure bei erhöhter Temperatur aufgelöst. Die Lösung der Metallsalze muß einen Säuregehalt von cirka pH=1 aufweisen.Gadolinium chloride is a water-soluble compound. But if necessary, a minimal amount of hydrochloric acid is added to make a real solution. As a last addition, palladium dichloride - 2.10 -4 M / l is added to this solution. This is dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid at an elevated temperature. The solution of the metal salts must have an acid content of approximately pH = 1.

Es wird eine wäßrige Lösung des Reduktionsmittels in folgender Konzentration hergestellt:There is an aqueous solution of the reducing agent in of the following concentration:

Natriumhypophosphit - 0,21 M/l, Natronlauge bis zu einem pH-Wert = 11. Sodium hypophosphite - 0.21 M / l, sodium hydroxide solution up to one pH = 11.  

Nach dem Erhitzen der die Metallsalze enthaltenden Lösung bis zu 90°C wird die Lösung des Reduktionsmittels bei Aufrechterhaltung eines pH-Wertes von cirka 11 unter me­ chanischem Mischen und Dauermagnetfeldwirkung zugegeben. Nach einer bestimmten Reaktionszeit - 15 Minuten - wird das erhaltene verschmolzene Pulver dekantiert, dann mehr­ mals mit Wasser gespült und unter Vakuum getrocknet.After heating the solution containing the metal salts up to 90 ° C the solution of the reducing agent becomes Maintaining a pH of around 11 below me mechanical mixing and permanent magnetic field effect added. After a certain reaction time - 15 minutes - will the fused powder obtained decanted, then more rinsed once with water and dried under vacuum.

Claims (1)

Verfahren für die Herstellung von Seltenerdelemente ent­ haltenden Magnetpulvern, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß zur Herstellung Lösungen vermischt werden, welche die wasserlöslichen Salze der Seltenerdmetalle, sowie auch des Eisens, des Nickels, des Kobalts, des Kupfers und des Palladiums in einer Konzentration von 1 · 10-3 M/l bis 1 · 10-1 M/l enthalten, mit einer wäßri­ gen Lösung des Reduktionsmittels mit Natriumborhydrid oder Natrium­ hypophosphit mit einer Konzentration von 0,05 bis 1 M/l, bei einer Temperatur von 10°C bis 90°C und einer Re­ duktionsdauer von 1 bis 30 Minuten, unter Verwendung ei­ nes Dauermagnetfelds mit einer Intensität von 1 · 105 bis 8 · 105 A/m und unter nachfolgender Wäsche und Trocknung des hergestellten Pulvers.Process for the production of rare earth elements containing magnetic powders, characterized in that for the preparation solutions are mixed which contain the water-soluble salts of rare earth metals, as well as iron, nickel, cobalt, copper and palladium in a concentration of 1 · Contain 10 -3 M / l to 1 · 10 -1 M / l, with an aqueous solution of the reducing agent with sodium borohydride or sodium hypophosphite with a concentration of 0.05 to 1 M / l, at a temperature of 10 ° C to 90 ° C and a reduction duration of 1 to 30 minutes, using a permanent magnetic field with an intensity of 1 · 10 5 to 8 · 10 5 A / m and with subsequent washing and drying of the powder produced.
DE19863621530 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Process for preparing magnetic powders containing rare earth elements Withdrawn DE3621530A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8601636A NL8601636A (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-24 METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF RARE EARTH CONTAINING MAGNETIC POWDERS
JP61147230A JPS635502A (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-25 Manufacture of magnetic powder containing rare-earth element
DE19863621530 DE3621530A1 (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Process for preparing magnetic powders containing rare earth elements

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863621530 DE3621530A1 (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Process for preparing magnetic powders containing rare earth elements

Publications (1)

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DE3621530A1 true DE3621530A1 (en) 1988-01-07

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DE19863621530 Withdrawn DE3621530A1 (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 Process for preparing magnetic powders containing rare earth elements

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JP (1) JPS635502A (en)
DE (1) DE3621530A1 (en)
NL (1) NL8601636A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6855186B2 (en) * 2002-04-08 2005-02-15 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Process for the production of neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet alloy powder
BG66027B1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2010-11-30 Институт По Електрохимия И Енергийни Системи При Бан Method of obtaining nanodimension wires

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3473548B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2003-12-08 株式会社村田製作所 Method for producing metal powder, metal powder, conductive paste using the same, and multilayer ceramic electronic component using the same

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US3494760A (en) * 1967-09-28 1970-02-10 Burton Electrochem Co Inc Production of metal and alloy particles by chemical reduction
DE2115928A1 (en) * 1971-04-01 1972-10-12 N V Philips Gloeilampenfabne ken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Reactor for the production of metal powders
DE2240743A1 (en) * 1971-08-19 1973-03-01 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FERROMAGNETIC ALLOY POWDERS
US3902888A (en) * 1971-08-19 1975-09-02 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process for preparing ferromagnetic alloy powder
DE2503772A1 (en) * 1974-03-11 1975-09-18 Ibm METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC MATERIALS
DE2014635B2 (en) * 1969-04-01 1978-06-22 International Business Machines Corp., Armonk, N.Y. (V.St.A.) Process for the production of fine metal powder containing phosphorus and drilling
DE2303900C2 (en) * 1972-01-27 1984-09-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa Process for the production of ferromagnetic powders

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3494760A (en) * 1967-09-28 1970-02-10 Burton Electrochem Co Inc Production of metal and alloy particles by chemical reduction
DE2014635B2 (en) * 1969-04-01 1978-06-22 International Business Machines Corp., Armonk, N.Y. (V.St.A.) Process for the production of fine metal powder containing phosphorus and drilling
DE2115928A1 (en) * 1971-04-01 1972-10-12 N V Philips Gloeilampenfabne ken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Reactor for the production of metal powders
DE2240743A1 (en) * 1971-08-19 1973-03-01 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FERROMAGNETIC ALLOY POWDERS
US3902888A (en) * 1971-08-19 1975-09-02 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process for preparing ferromagnetic alloy powder
DE2303900C2 (en) * 1972-01-27 1984-09-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa Process for the production of ferromagnetic powders
DE2503772A1 (en) * 1974-03-11 1975-09-18 Ibm METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC MATERIALS

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6855186B2 (en) * 2002-04-08 2005-02-15 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Process for the production of neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet alloy powder
BG66027B1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2010-11-30 Институт По Електрохимия И Енергийни Системи При Бан Method of obtaining nanodimension wires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL8601636A (en) 1988-01-18
JPS635502A (en) 1988-01-11

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