DE3621478A1 - Industrial engine - Google Patents

Abstract

An industrial engine in the form of a single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine for multifuel operation has an overhead camshaft, driven by way of a cog belt, by means of bucket tappet-controlled inlet and exhaust valves, which are guided in a cross-flow cylinder head with a plurality of extensive cooling fins, very short inlet and exhaust ports, thermally insulated from one another, in the cylinder head, a Heron-type combustion chamber formed in the piston base, a short connecting rod, and passenger motor vehicle-type spark plugs with long thread and a forced-feed lubrication system. This industrial engine has a low dead weight for a small installation volume, and with a low fuel consumption runs extremely quietly, it being also possible to use unleaded fuel. Since it also has an extremely short stroke, an extremely low piston speed is achieved, so that due to its good kinematic ratios it runs with very little friction. Owing to the very short exhaust port an especially good ratio between endothermic and exothermic surface area is achieved, so that full encapsulation is also quite possible in the case of this engine.

Description

The invention relates to an industrial engine in the form of a Single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine for multi-substance drifted.

Conscientious studies have shown that so far industrial motors on the market in no way correspond more to the state of the engine technology currently achieved chen. For example, the conventional, in large Number of industrial motors used and used high weight and a large overall height, although in general mean the intake and exhaust valves on the side next to the cylinder which are arranged, and the cylinder head only as one Type flat lid is formed.

Due to the valve arrangement, conventional Industrial engines very hot spots in the form of so-called warming nests, which is why they are in no way considered can be called thermally balanced. Also tend i.a. for this reason the well-known industrial motors very knocking. Also with the intake and exhaust valves a very high quality valve material can be used.

Since generally the inlet and outlet are on the same Side, sometimes even near the hot exhaust are ordered, vapor bubbles often occur, which again a rough run of the conventional industrial mo gates. The unfavorable arrangement of input and Outlet in connection with the poorly balanced,  thermal household often a poor start of the Motors. On top of that, the conventional industrial mo lubrication by a so-called random smear tion, so that there is a mixed friction, which again around the highly stressed parts a high wear and tear are subject.

Furthermore, in conventional industrial engines only special spark plugs can be used. The be knew industrial engines only with leaded normal or su perbenzin be operated, the fuel consumption extremely high with extremely unfavorable exhaust emissions is.

According to the invention, therefore, an industrial engine should be in shape of a single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine with a low installation volume Has its own weight, extremely quiet in operation runs and with low fuel consumption also with lead free fuel can be operated. According to the invention in an industrial engine this is due to the features in the characterizing part of claim 1 achieved. Beneficial Further developments of the invention are the subject of the Unteran claims.

Although the industrial engine according to the invention is one above de, toothed belt driven camshaft and thus a large distance between the crank and cam shaft le has, because of the use of a very short Connecting rod a compared to the previously used In industrial motors very low height. He is also out spoke short-stroke, creating an extremely low piston speed is reached, so that due to this created good kinematic conditions runs smoothly.

On top of that are the industrial engine according to the invention  both on the cylinder head and on the cylinder by a lot large number of heat-dissipating surfaces det, through which a very good thermal heat balance ge is created, and during operation also the lubricating oil consumption is very low. By training a very short outlet channel is a particularly good ratio between reached heat-absorbing and -releasing surface, so that with the engine according to the invention also a full encapsulation is possible.

Due to the small dimensions of the erfindungsge industrial engine even very small resonance rooms, so that he has a very low mechanical noise level is operable. This also makes the noise level white ter lowered that the housing cover over soft, thick Seals is disconnected and therefore not as a kind Soundboard works.

To ensure good heat transfer between the cylinder and cylinder To ensure the head is up to 1.5 mm instead of the usual thick cylinder head gasket made of asbestos a plastic gasket tion in the form of an O-ring made of Vitan (registered goods characters) provided, which is temperature resistant up to 280 ° C is.

Furthermore, due to the industrial engine according to the invention an advantageous and cheap training of gas changes channels ensures a high degree of delivery. Because of the short Gas paths in the Zy designed as a cross-flow cylinder head Lindenkopf there is little wall contact, so this Industrial engine both very good cold and warm-up properties. By a directly driven Fan wheel is blown cool air against the outlet side, so that also in this area a good homogeneous thermal Heat balance is created.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention  the underside of the cylinder head as a flat, i.e. flat surface che trained over the aforementioned O-ring made of Vitan sealed and good thermal conductivity on the upper level Wall of the cylinder rests.

The combustion chamber is then in the form of a so-called Heron Combustion chamber formed in the piston crown itself. Through the im Piston bottom created trough is then during loading drive, especially during the compression of the mixture whirled particularly well. At the same time, the Ge mix exerted a squeeze, so that the gas after Ver Burn naturally through the outlet from the burner space is transported out.

Due to the good swirl created by this, the industrial engine according to the invention a very low octane payment requirements. In practice, this means that he himself at a compression of 9: 1 with normal lead free gasoline can be operated, which in addition to Contributes to increasing the thermal efficiency. Except with unleaded regular gasoline he can just as well with lead free premium gasoline, but also with gas or similar fuel substances are operated. Because of the low octane number is therefore a cost-effective, very environmentally friendly cher multi-fluid operation enabled.

Since in the industrial engine according to the invention from the crank a fan wheel is driven directly Cooling air blown against the hot outlet side. Here is the air flow and the dimensioning of the fan wheel chosen that the engine in operation a fairly even ge, favorable temperature, so neither extremely hot still has extremely cold spots, so that this too particularly homogeneous, thermal heat balance in particular is reached in the middle part of the engine.

Furthermore, in contrast to all known so far  set industrial motors normal, especially in perso use spark plugs with long thread be det.

In order to reduce wear and thereby reduce the To increase the life of the industrial motor according to the invention hen, is instead of the previously common so-called coincidence lubrication of a pressure circulation lubrication with the help of a tro provided that a consistently good Lubrication in the range of 1 to 4 bar is reached. As soon as the oil pressure below the lower limit, i.e. under 1 bar drops, the engine is switched off.

Due to the pressure lubrication, the camshaft is also lubricated with the required oil pressure regardless of whether the engine is warm or cold. If the Oil pressure of 4 bar is exceeded, which can happen if the engine is started at temperatures around -20 ° C, there is an extremely high viscosity and therefore a very high forth oil pressure. Such extreme relationships are about one Pressure relief valve regulated and thereby balanced; that about Shot oil is in an oil reservoir, for example in the form an oil pan removable under the engine. As soon as the engine has reached its corresponding operating temperature, the pressure relief valve is closed and the engine is running the desired oil pressure.

So not too much in the industrial engine according to the invention Oil that can be filled is at the under the engine bringable oil pan in a relatively deep place an oil filler plug is provided. In this way it is ge ensures that excess oil immediately leaks out. In the industrial engine according to the invention is sufficient because of provided pressure circulation lubrication a tub with a Vo lumen of about a liter.

According to a preferred embodiment of the fiction  According to industrial motor, its valves are activated by cup disturbances Chest controlled. In connection with the small described Combustion chamber and the short inlet and outlet channels is so a very good one for the industrial motor according to the invention Torque reached. Although the maximum torque at 2900 Rpm is already around 1600 rpm, 80% of the nominal torque reached. Its maximum speed is around 3500 rpm.

The industrial engine according to the invention has because of the use tappet control and due to the channel design, i.e. due to their short length, very short opening win kel in the order of about 220 °, based on one um rotation of the crankshaft, while conventional ind electric motors the opening angle normally at 280 to Is 290 °. Furthermore, the created industrial engine has gone a spread of 104 °, i.e. the cam position an angular distance of 104 ° between the inlet and the Exhaust timing.

Except with manual start, the engine according to the invention can either the one with a reversing starter, a kick starter or him if necessary also with an electric starter be let.

Due to the compact construction, the specifically used Lightweight construction and through the use of generally high quality gen materials, the weight of the Mo. tors compared to previously used motors to 50% and be degraded more. Furthermore, with regard to the low fuel consumption high economy ensured. Because the engine especially with lead-free Regular gasoline can be operated is an environmentally friendly and also out in terms of its quiet running spoke environmentally friendly use, being on due to the pressure circulation lubrication used, a long life is guaranteed.

The invention based on a preferred Aus management form with reference to the accompanying drawings gene explained in detail. It shows:

Fig. 1 shows a so-called half section through a preferred embodiment of the industrial engine according to the invention, and

Fig. 2 is a sectional view rotated by 90 ° with respect to the representation in Fig. 1.

In Figs. 1 and 2 schematically show only the essential parts of an industrial engine are illustrated in accordance with the He invention in a sectional view and in a so-called half-cut part. In the upper area of a cylinder head 3 , a control housing 1 is attached, in which a cam shaft 2 is housed. Cam 21 of the camshaft 2 we ken on the bottom of tappets 4 , in the interior of which valve springs 42 are accommodated, which in turn act on valve guides 31 guided in Ven 31 valves 41 .

Approximately at the height of the tappet 4, an intake manifold 32 is attached to the cylinder head 3, which merges in the interior of Zy linder head 3 in an inlet channel 33rd At the lower end of the inlet channel 33 , a Ven tilsitzring 34 is accommodated in the cylinder head 3 , on which the valve head rests in the closed state. Furthermore, in the cylinder head 3 , as can be seen from Fig. 2, to the left of the inlet channel 33, an outlet 36 is provided, which merges into a very short outlet channel, not shown.

In order to enlarge the heat-emitting surface of the cylinder head 3 , a number of cooling fins 34 are formed on the outside thereof. Furthermore, a spark plug 7 , which can also be used in passenger cars and has a long thread, not shown, is located in the cylinder head 3 . The underside of the Zylin derkopfs 3 is formed as a flat, flat surface 35 which is full and thus good heat-conducting on an upper flat outer wall 54 of a cylinder 5 .

For sealing outside the cylinder wall 54 and the flat surface 35 of the cylinder head 3, a cylinder head seal 51 in the form of an O-ring is provided, which is preferably made of the plastic Vitan (registered trademark) Herge, which is temperature-resistant up to about 280 ° C. The cylinder head 3 is firmly connected to the cylinder 5 by means of cylinder head screws 52 .

A piston 6 is arranged in the interior of the cylinder, and piston rings 62 sit in the cylindrical outer surface thereof. The piston 6 is connected via a very short connecting rod 64 to a crankshaft journal 82 of a crankshaft 81 , which is housed in a crankshaft housing 8 . The bottom 63 of the piston 6 is trough-shaped, whereby a so-called Heron combustion chamber 64 is created in the upper region of the cylinder 5 below the cylinder head 3 . The cure belwelle 81 is mounted by means of main bearings 83 in the motor housing and seals to the outside by means of radial seals 84 .

An oil pan 9 is provided below the crankcase and has a capacity of approximately 1 liter. In the oil pan 9 with "min" or "max" the minimum or maximum oil level is indicated. Furthermore, a housing cover 96 is attached below the crankcase 8 , as can be seen from FIG. 2. At one end of the crankshaft 81 , a toothed belt wheel 94 and a fan wheel 93 are attached. To the toothed belt wheel 94 , an endless toothed belt 96 is guided, through which a second toothed belt wheel 95 held on the camshaft 2 is driven.

In the industrial engine according to the invention, the crankshaft 81 and the camshaft 2 are thus arranged at a relatively large distance from one another despite the use of a very short connecting rod 65 . This means that there is an output possibility on the crankshaft 81 and a further output possibility for a decrease in force on the overhead camshaft 2 . The selected dimensions create an extremely short stroke, which in turn results in an extremely low piston speed.

On top of that, due to the use of the very short connecting rod 65, an industrial engine with a very low overall height is sufficient, which is lower than the overall height of known induction engines, which has no overhead camshaft, but has valves arranged laterally next to the cylinder. Because of the short stroke, the induction motor according to the invention has very good kinematic conditions. This also leads to a small deflection of the connecting rod, which also lowers its angular velocity. Due to the low piston speed, the arrangement works overall with very little friction.

By the ribs 34 and 53 of the cylinder head 3 and the cylinder 5 Zy very large heat-emitting surfaces are created, which contribute to cooling in an advantageous manner. The only ge, heat-emitting area is the combustion chamber 64 , from which the heat is derived via the flat cylinder head surface 35 and the wall 54 of the cylinder 5 . Heat is absorbed le diglich in the area of the cylinder head surface 35 , where the valves 41 are arranged, ie opposite the piston 6th Although it is not shown in the figures, a very short outlet duct is provided in the industrial motor according to the invention, which under certain circumstances could still absorb a certain amount of heat. The entire rest of the cylinder head 3 has, in particular via the ribs 34, a large area which gives off heat. A certain amount of heat is also given off to the oil.

In addition, the outlet duct area in particular is very well cooled by the air supplied by means of the fan wheel 93 . In the industrial engine according to the invention, a very good ratio between heat-absorbing and wärmeabge-giving surfaces is thus created. For this reason, with the motor according to the invention, a full encapsulation is possible, which then results in a very quiet running.

Since between the cylinder head 3 and the cylinder 5 is not the usual 1 to 1.5 mm thick cylinder head gasket made of asbestos, but an O-ring 51 made of the temperature-resistant plastic Vitan (entered. Wz.) Is not only a good seal reached, but created a very good heat transfer between the flat cylinder head 3 and the cylinder 5 , the heat then being emitted to the outside via the respective ribs. In this way, a very good thermal budget is given, especially in the middle part of the industrial motor according to the invention.

The industrial motor according to the invention also has a very low, mechanical noise level because it is housed in a self-contained housing. Since the motor is very small overall, it only has very small resonance spaces in which no appreciable vibrations can build up that amplify. Furthermore, since thick, soft seals are used between the housing cover 96 and the actual motor housing, the housing cover, which often acts as a membrane, is uncoupled with respect to the motor housing, so that the parts of the motor housing do not resonate with the housing cover.

Due to the advantageous design of the gas exchange channels is also a very in the industrial engine according to the invention high efficiency achieved. Since both the inlet duct and the outlet duct in particular is also very short are, the gas or the mixture on the very short distances due to the few wall contacts only very we heat little. On top of that, it gets very little, näm  Lich deflected by about 45 °. This will make it a lot cooler Mixture introduced into the cylinder than in the previous used industrial motors was the case.

Due to this slight rise in temperature also changes the density of the mixture is negligible, which makes the lei engine performance is significantly increased overall; in the Compared to conventional industrial engines, the Temperature improvement of the order of magnitude of 50%. If the mixture at the inlet duct ambient temperature tur, for example room temperature, it is in the Zy linderkopf only heated by about 30 °, i.e. the mixture arrives with 50 ° C, maximum 60 ° C in the combustion chamber, while the Motors used up to now more than double was heated.

Claims (4)

1. Industrial engine in the form of a single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine for multi-fuel operation, characterized by a toothed belt ( 96 ) driven, overhead cam shaft ( 2 ); by means of bucket tappets ( 4 ) controlled inlet and outlet valves ( 41 E ; 41 A ) which are guided in a cross-flow cylinder head ( 3 ) with a large number of cooling fins ( 34 ); very short, thermally effectively separated exhaust and intake ports ( 33 ) in the cylinder head ( 3 ), which has a flat surface ( 35 ) on its underside on a flat wall surface of a cylinder with large cooling fins ( 53 ) ver cylinder ( 5 ) abuts and is sealed by an O-ring cylinder head gasket ( 51 ); a Heron combustion chamber ( 64 ) formed in the piston crown ( 63 ); a short connecting rod ( 65 ) provided between the piston ( 6 ) and the crankshaft ( 81 ); Car spark plugs ( 7 ) with long thread, and pressure circulation lubrication with the help of a trochoid pump controlled by a pressure relief valve. 2. Industrial engine according to claim 1, characterized in that under the engine an oil pan ( 9 ) with a deeply arranged oil filler screw can be attached. 3. Industrial engine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the sliding rod connecting rod ( 65 ) is drop forged from a high-strength aluminum alloy, and that the ball bearing crankshaft ( 81 ) is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron and hardened. 4. Industrial motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for starting Reversing starter, a kick starter or an electric one Starter can be used.