DE3541532A1 - Process and device for producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastics - Google Patents

Process and device for producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastics

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Publication number
DE3541532A1
DE3541532A1 DE19853541532 DE3541532A DE3541532A1 DE 3541532 A1 DE3541532 A1 DE 3541532A1 DE 19853541532 DE19853541532 DE 19853541532 DE 3541532 A DE3541532 A DE 3541532A DE 3541532 A1 DE3541532 A1 DE 3541532A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
extruder
fiber material
screw speed
setpoint
fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19853541532
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ewald Lemcke
Hilmar 6750 Kaiserslautern Ohlig
Walter 6700 Ludwigshafen Schulte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to DE19853541532 priority Critical patent/DE3541532A1/en
Publication of DE3541532A1 publication Critical patent/DE3541532A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
    • B01F35/88—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by feeding the materials batchwise
    • B01F35/881—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by feeding the materials batchwise by weighing, e.g. with automatic discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29B7/728—Measuring data of the driving system, e.g. torque, speed, power, vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/297—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder at several locations, e.g. using several hoppers or using a separate additive feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/9218—Weight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92371—Inlet shaft or slot, e.g. passive hopper; Injector, e.g. injector nozzle on barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92676—Weight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92847—Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92866—Inlet shaft or slot, e.g. passive hopper; Injector, e.g. injector nozzle on barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2888—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules in band or in strip form, e.g. rubber strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles

Abstract

The process and the device for producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastics in an extruder (1) uses metering devices (6) and (7) for maintaining a constant weight ratio between the thermoplastics and fibre material, the fibre material being measured by means of the device (7) constructed as a weighbridge before it is fed into the extruder and the measured value being compared with a setpoint value. In the case of deviations in this setpoint/actual value comparison, which takes place in a control unit (9), the respective screw speed of the extruder is influenced in such a manner that if the value falls below the setpoint value, the screw speed is correspondingly increased and if the setpoint value is exceeded, the screw speed is correspondingly reduced. <IMAGE>

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von faserverstärktenMethod and apparatus for producing fiber-reinforced

thermoplastischen Kunststoffen Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß Patentanspruch 2.thermoplastic plastics The invention relates to a Method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a device for carrying it out of the method according to claim 2.

Es ist bekannt, daß die mechanischen Eigenschaften von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, wie Polyamiden und Polyestern, insbesondere Polycarbonaten, durch Zusatz von Glasfasern erheblich verbessert werden können. Insbesondere die Zugfestigkeit, die Biegefestigkeit, die Kerbschlagzähigkeit sowie die Wiirmestandfestigkeit der Kunststoffe werden bedeutend erhöht.It is known that the mechanical properties of thermoplastic Plastics such as polyamides and polyesters, especially polycarbonates, through Addition of glass fibers can be significantly improved. In particular the tensile strength, the flexural strength, the notched impact strength and the heat resistance of the Plastics are increased significantly.

Derartige glasfaserverstärkte thermoplastische Kunststoffe eignen sich daher besonders zum Herstellen technischer Formteile, welche bei verhältnismäßig hohen Temperaturen mechanisch beansprucht werden. Bei Polyamiden wird zudem die Sonst stark ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften vom Wassergehalt durch Zusatz von Glasfasern weitgehend aufgehoben.Such glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics are suitable therefore especially for the production of technical molded parts, which are relatively high temperatures are mechanically stressed. In the case of polyamides, the Otherwise strong dependence of the mechanical properties on the water content largely eliminated by the addition of glass fibers.

Nach einem bekannten Verfahren werden glasfaserverstärkte thermoplastische Kunststoffe in einem Extruder dadurch hergestellt, daß man Glasseidenstränge, sogenannte Rovings, getrennt von dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff der im Extruder gebildeten Schmelze zuführt und in dieser gleichmäßig verteilt. Die Glasfasern werden dabei kontinuierlich dem Extruder zugeführt und durch die Schnecke auf die geeignete Länge geschnitten. Ihre dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff zuzusetzende Menge wird bisher über die Anzahl der Rovings und über die Drehzahl der Extruderschnecke manuell festgelegt. Es läßt sich auf diese Weise zwar eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Glasfasern erreichen, Unregelmäßigkeiten im Einzug und in der Geometrie der Faserstränge führen jedoch zu unerwünschten Füllmengen- und Produktqualitätsschwankungen. Die Herstellung der glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffe bedarf somit ständiger Überwachung.According to a known method, glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics are made Plastics produced in an extruder by the fact that one strands of glass fiber, so-called Rovings, separated from the thermoplastic plastic that formed in the extruder Feeds melt and is evenly distributed in this. The glass fibers are doing this continuously fed to the extruder and cut to the appropriate length by the screw cut. Your amount to be added to the thermoplastic plastic has so far been manually set via the number of rovings and the speed of the extruder screw. In this way, an even distribution of the glass fibers can be achieved, However, irregularities in the feed and in the geometry of the fiber strands lead to undesirable fill quantity and product quality fluctuations. The manufacture of the Glass fiber reinforced plastics therefore require constant monitoring.

Darüber hinaus sind bei jeder änderung des Glasfasergehalts aufwendige Vorversuche erforderlich. Diese haben erhebliche Zeit- und Produktverluste zur Folge.In addition, each time there is a change in the glass fiber content, they are expensive Preliminary tests required. These result in considerable losses of time and product.

Es war daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, bei der Herstellung faserverstärkterthermoplastischer Kunststoffe ~das zugeführte Fasermaterial hinsichtlich seiner Menge exakt zu dosieren. Weiterhin soll sehr schnell auf einen verminderten bzw. erhöhten Fasergehalt reagiert werden können.It was therefore an object of the invention, in the production of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic Plastics ~ to precisely dose the supplied fiber material in terms of its quantity. Furthermore, it should react very quickly to a reduced or increased fiber content can be.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe werden die Maßnahmen nach dem Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen.To solve this task, the measures according to the indicator of claim 1 proposed.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise sind faserhaltige Kunststoffe herstellbar, in welchen das Fasermaterial weitgehend ungeordnet aber gleichmäßig verteilt ist. Das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Kunststoff und Fasermaterial, d.h. die Rezepturgenauigkeit, kann selbst über längere Zeiträume genau eingehalten werden. Darüber hinaus sind Produkte mit exakten Spezifikationen auch auf unterschiedlichen Extrudern mit gleichgutem Ergebnis herstellbar. Es werden sowohl Unterschiede des Fasermaterials als auch Durchsatzschwankungen im Extruder als auch geringfügige Veränderungen der Schneckengeometrie infolge Verschleiß kompensiert.The procedure according to the invention results in fiber-containing plastics can be produced, in which the fiber material is largely disordered but evenly is distributed. The weight ratio between plastic and fiber material, i.e. the recipe accuracy can be precisely maintained even over long periods of time. In addition, products with exact specifications are also on different Extruders with equally good results can be produced. There are differences in the Fiber material and throughput fluctuations in the extruder as well as slight Changes in the screw geometry due to wear compensated for.

Daher weisen die aus den nach der Erfindung hergestellten Kunststoffe erzeugten Formteile sehr gute und vor allem gleichmäßige Festigkeitseigenschaften auf.Therefore, from the plastics produced according to the invention The molded parts produced have very good and, above all, uniform strength properties on.

Für das Verfahren sind praktisch alle thermoplastisch verarbeitbaren Kunststoffe geeignet, beispielsweise Olefinpolymerisate, wie Polyethylen oder Polypropylen; Styrolpolymerisate, wie Polystyrol oder Copolymere des Styrols; Chlor enthaltende Polymerisate, wie Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylidenchlorid oder chlorierte Polyolefine; Polyamide, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polycarbonat, sowie Mischungen dieser Polymerisate.Virtually all of them can be processed thermoplastically for the process Plastics are suitable, for example olefin polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene; Styrene polymers, such as polystyrene or copolymers of styrene; Containing chlorine Polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride or chlorinated polyolefins; Polyamides, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, and mixtures of these polymers.

Diese Kunststoffe können die üblichen Zusatzstoffe, wie Füllstoffe, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Antistatika, Stabilisatoren, Flammschutzmittel oder Gleitmittel enthalten. Sie werden dem Extruder vorzugsweise als Granulat, Pulver und dergleichen mit Hilfe einer regelbaren Dosiereinrichtung zugeführt.These plastics can contain the usual additives, such as fillers, Pigments, dyes, antistatic agents, stabilizers, flame retardants or lubricants contain. They are preferably supplied to the extruder as granules, powders and the like supplied with the help of an adjustable metering device.

Getrennt von der Zufuhr der thermoplastischen Kunststoffe erfolgt die Einspeisung des Fasermaterials in den Extruder, zweckmäßigerweise an einer Stelle der Schnecke, an welcher die Kunststoffschmelze nicht unter Druck steht, durch eine geeignete oeffnung, z.B. durch einen üblichen Entgasungsstutzen. Als Fasermaterial kommen insbesondere Rovings aus Glas, Kohlenstoff oder Kunststoff in Betracht, die gegebenenfalls mit einem Schlichtemittel ummantelt sind. Das Fasermaterial wird vor seiner Einspeisung in den Extruder gemessen, d.h. der gesamte Fasermaterialvorrat steht auf einer Waage, die so ausgelegt ist, daß durch laufende Wägung die Abnahme des Fasermaterialgewichts erfaßt wird. Diese zeitliche Gewichtsabnahme wird mit der tatsächlich gewünschten verglichen. Aus diesem Soll-Istwert-Vergleich ergibt sich bei Abweichungen ein Korrektursignal, welches zur Steuerung des Produktionsablaufs verwendet wird. Hierfür wird das Korrektursignal über ein entsprechendes Regelgerät auf den Antrieb des Extruders geführt, so daß auf die jeweilige Schneckendrehzahl eingewirkt wird, derart, daß bei Unterschreiten des Sollwertes die jeweilige Schneckendrehzahl entsprechend erhöht und beim Überschreiten des Sollwertes die jeweilige Schneckendrehzahl entsprechend reduziert wird.Takes place separately from the supply of thermoplastics feeding the fiber material into the extruder, expediently at one point the screw, on which the plastic melt is not under pressure, by a suitable opening, e.g. through a conventional degassing nozzle. As a fiber material in particular rovings made of glass, carbon or plastic come into consideration that are optionally coated with a sizing agent. The fiber material will measured before it is fed into the extruder, i.e. the entire fiber material supply stands on a scale, which is designed in such a way that the decrease is achieved through ongoing weighing the fiber material weight is detected. This weight loss is timed with compared to the actually desired. From this target / actual value comparison results In the event of deviations, a correction signal is sent, which is used to control the production process is used. For this purpose, the correction signal is sent via an appropriate control device out on the drive of the extruder, so that on the respective screw speed is acted upon in such a way that the respective screw speed when the target value is undershot increased accordingly and the respective screw speed when the setpoint is exceeded is reduced accordingly.

Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird somit ein vollautoinatischer Betrieb einer derartigen Anlage ermöglicht, wobei insbesondere hervorzuheben ist, daß auf änderungen im Produktionsablauf sehr rasch, feinfühlig und genau eingegangen werden kann.The method according to the invention thus becomes a fully automatic one Operation of such a system enables, whereby it should be emphasized in particular that changes in the production process are dealt with very quickly, sensitively and precisely can be.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, bestehend aus einem Doppelschneckenextruder mit wenigstens zwei im Abstand voneinander angebrachten Einfüllöffnungen für den thermoplastischen Kunststoff und das Fasermaterial, wobei jeder Einfüllöffnung mindestens eine Dosiereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, von denen die Dosiereinrichtung für das Fasermaterial als Wägebrücke ausgebildet und mit einem Regelgerät zu einer Differential-Dosierwaage zusammengeschaltet ist, wobei das Regelgerät mit dem Antrieb des Doppelschneckenextruders verbunden ist. Geeignete Doppelschneckenextruder sind beispielsweise selbstreinigende, zweiwellige Extruder mit im gleichen Sinne rotierenden Schneckenwellen und zonenweiser Beheizung bzw. Kühlung des Gehäuses, z.B.The invention also relates to a device for implementation of the process, consisting of a twin screw extruder with at least two Filling openings for the thermoplastic material attached at a distance from one another and the fiber material, with each filling opening at least one metering device is assigned, of which the metering device for the fiber material as a weighing bridge designed and interconnected with a control device to form a differential weigh feeder is, wherein the control device is connected to the drive of the twin screw extruder is. Suitable twin-screw extruders are, for example, self-cleaning, twin-screw extruders Extruder with screw shafts rotating in the same way and zone-wise heating or cooling of the housing, e.g.

über einen flüssigen Wärmeträger. Als Dosiereinrichtgung für den thermoplastischen Kunststoff kommt praktisch jede in ihrer Dosierleistung regelbare Einrichtung in Frage, wobei die maximale Dosierleistung durch die Geometrie der Schneckenwellen bestimmt ist. Die Dosiereinrichtung für die Einspeisung des Fasermaterials in den Extruder ist ebenfalls handelsüblich. Sie ist vorzugsweise als Differential-Dosierwaage ausgebildet und besteht aus einer Wågebrücke mit einer digitalen Regelung. Die gewünschte zeitliche Gewichtsabnahme des auf der Wägebtücke aufgebrachten Fasermaterials ist in einem Regelgerät programmiert. Die Korrektur der Istgewicht-Abnahme erfolgt stetig entsprechend einer digitalen Impulsfolge, wobei das entsprechend dem Soll-Istwert-Vergleich sich ergebende Signal auf die Motorsteuerung des Extruderantriebs geschaltet ist.via a liquid heat transfer medium. As a dosing device for the thermoplastic Plastic can be used in practically any device that can be regulated in terms of its dosing rate Question where the maximum dosing rate is due to the geometry of the screw shafts is determined. The metering device for feeding the fiber material into the Extruder is also commercially available. It is preferably used as a differential weigh feeder designed and consists of a weighing bridge with a digital control. The desired is the temporal decrease in weight of the fiber material applied to the weighing piece programmed in a control device. The correction of the actual weight decrease takes place continuously corresponding to a digital pulse sequence, which corresponds to the target / actual value comparison The resulting signal is switched to the motor control of the extruder drive.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Hinweis auf die Zeichnung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is based on the following with reference to the drawing an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail.

In der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 bedeutet (1) ein Doppelschneckenextruder, an dessen Gehäuse zwei Einfüllöffnungen (2) und (3) im Abstand voneinander angebracht sind. Der Antrieb des Doppelschneckenextruders besteht aus einem Elektromotor (4) sowie einer Motorsteuerung (5). Mit (6) ist die der Einfüllöffnung (2) zugeordnete regelbare Dosiereinrichtung für den thermoplastischen Kunststoff bezeichnet. Grundsätzlich können auch mehrere Dosiereinrichtungen (6) im Bereich der Einfüllöffnung (2) vorgesehen sein, insbesondere dann, wenn für die Konfektionierung dem Kunststoff Zusatzstoffe zugesetzt werden sollen. Die Dosierleistung der Einrichtung (6) wird von Hand nd nach weitgehend subjektiven Gesichtspunkten festgelegt. Eine einmal als richtig erkannte Dosierleistung wird während des gesamten Produktionsablaufs beibehalten.In the illustration according to FIG. 1, (1) means a twin screw extruder, on the housing two filling openings (2) and (3) attached at a distance from each other are. The drive of the twin screw extruder consists of an electric motor (4) and an engine control (5). With (6) that of the filling opening (2) is assigned called controllable metering device for the thermoplastic material. Basically Several metering devices (6) can also be provided in the area of the filling opening (2) especially if the plastic is made up of additives should be added. The dosing rate of the device (6) is n by hand determined according to largely subjective criteria. One as right recognized dosing rate is retained during the entire production process.

Das Fasermaterial ist in Form von Rovings auf einer Wägebrücke (7) aufgebracht und wird über Umlenkrollen (8) durch die Schneckenwellen abgezogen. Dabei wird das dem Extruder zuzusetzende Fasermaterialgewicht durch das Regelgerät (9) gesteuert, welches die auf der Wägebrücke 7 sich ergebende Gewichtsabnahme des Fasermaterials bei (10) stetig erfaßt und in elektrische Impulse umsetzt. Aus den bei (10) ausgelösten Impulsen bildet der Rechner (12) einen Istwert der momentanen Gewichtsabnahme des Fasermaterials, der mittels einer Komparatorschaltung (13) mit einem in einer Anlagensteuerung (14) vorprogrammierten Sollwert verglichen wird. Als Komparatorschaltung (13) kann beispielsweise eine Schaltung Verwendung finden, die in der Lage ist, eingehende Impulse zu summieren und diese Summe mit einem von der Anlagensteuerung (14) vorgegebenen Wert zu vergleichen und bei Abweichungen dieses SolI-Istwert-Vergleichs ein Signal abzugeben. Das aus dem SolI-Istwert-Vergleich resultierende Signal ist auf einen Drehzahlregler (15) geführt, welcher mit der Motorsteuerung (5) in Verbindung steht. Bei Erreichen einer einstellbaren #chfüllmarke für das Fasermaterial wird über die Einheit (11) ein Signal S abgegeben.The fiber material is in the form of rovings on a weighing platform (7) and is drawn off by the screw shafts via pulleys (8). The weight of the fiber material to be added to the extruder is determined by the control device (9) controlled, which the resulting on the weighing platform 7 weight loss of Fiber material is continuously detected at (10) and converted into electrical impulses. From the in the case of (10) triggered pulses, the computer (12) forms an actual value of the current one Weight loss of the fiber material, which by means of a comparator circuit (13) with a setpoint preprogrammed in a system control (14) is compared. A circuit, for example, can be used as the comparator circuit (13) which is able to sum incoming pulses and this sum with one of the system control (14) to compare the specified value and in the event of deviations to output a signal for this target / actual value comparison. That from the target / actual value comparison resulting signal is fed to a speed controller (15), which with the Engine control (5) is in communication. When an adjustable # fill mark is reached A signal S is emitted for the fiber material via the unit (11).

Zeichn.Sign.

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Claims (2)

Patentansprüche 1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von faserverstärkten thermoplastischen Kunststoffen in einem Extruder, bei dem das Fasermaterial getrennt von dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff der im Extruder gebildeten Schmelze des Thermoplasten zugeführt und in dieser gleichmäßig verteilt wird, dadurch gekenazeichnet, daß das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Thermoplasten und Fasermaterial dadurch konstant gehalten wird, daß das Fasermaterial vor seiner Einspeisung in den Extruder gemessen und bei Abweichungen von einem Sollwert des Fasermaterialgewichts derart auf die jeweilige Schneckendrehzahl des Extruders eingewirkt wird, daß bei Unterschreiten des Sollwertes die jeweilige Schneckendrehzahl entsprechend erhÖht und beim Überschreiten des Sollwertes die jeweilige Schneckendrehzahl entsprechend reduziert wird.Claims 1. A method for producing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic Plastics in an extruder in which the fiber material is separated from the thermoplastic Plastic fed to the thermoplastic melt formed in the extruder and in this is evenly distributed, characterized in that the weight ratio between thermoplastics and fiber material is kept constant in that the Fiber material measured before it is fed into the extruder and in the event of deviations from a nominal value of the fiber material weight to the respective screw speed of the extruder is acted upon, that when falling below the setpoint, the respective The screw speed is increased accordingly and when the setpoint is exceeded the respective screw speed is reduced accordingly. 2. Vorrichtung zur Durchführuag des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, bestehend aus einem Doppelschneckenextruder mit wenigstens zwei im Abstand voneinander angebrachten Einfüllöffnungen für den thermoplastischen Kunststoff und das Fasermaterial, dadurch gekenazeichnet, daß jeder Einfüllöffnung (2, 3) mindestens eine Dosiereinrichtung (6, 7) zugeordnet ist, von denen die Dosiereinrichtung (7) als Wägebrücke ausgebildet und mit einem Regelgerät (9) zu einer Differential-Dosierwaage zusammengeschaltet ist, wobei das Regelgerät mit dem Antrieb (4, 5) des Doppelschneckenextruders (1) verbunden ist.2. Apparatus for implementing the method according to claim 1, consisting from a twin screw extruder with at least two spaced apart Filling openings for the thermoplastic plastic and the fiber material, thereby It is shown that each filling opening (2, 3) has at least one metering device (6, 7) is assigned, of which the metering device (7) is designed as a weighing bridge and interconnected with a control device (9) to form a differential weigh feeder is, the control device with the drive (4, 5) of the twin screw extruder (1) connected is.
DE19853541532 1984-11-27 1985-11-25 Process and device for producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastics Withdrawn DE3541532A1 (en)

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