DE3536158A1 - Process for the purification from predominantly organic, odour-active compounds of air, exhaust gases and crude gases - Google Patents

Process for the purification from predominantly organic, odour-active compounds of air, exhaust gases and crude gases

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Publication number
DE3536158A1
DE3536158A1 DE19853536158 DE3536158A DE3536158A1 DE 3536158 A1 DE3536158 A1 DE 3536158A1 DE 19853536158 DE19853536158 DE 19853536158 DE 3536158 A DE3536158 A DE 3536158A DE 3536158 A1 DE3536158 A1 DE 3536158A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
following
gases
air
filter
bentonite
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19853536158
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German (de)
Inventor
Ulf Dipl.-Landw. Dr. 7967 Bad Waldsee Abele
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ABELE ULF DIPL LANDW DR
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ABELE ULF DIPL LANDW DR
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Application filed by ABELE ULF DIPL LANDW DR filed Critical ABELE ULF DIPL LANDW DR
Priority to DE19853536158 priority Critical patent/DE3536158A1/en
Publication of DE3536158A1 publication Critical patent/DE3536158A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

Adsorptive process for the purification from predominantly organic, odour-active compounds of air, exhaust gases and crude gases by means of open-pored, water- and heat-resistant filter granules from leached, calcined bentonite having a high specific surface area. In fixed, self-supporting contact beds, air and other gases can be purified from undesirable gaseous contaminants to a high degree and inexpensively. The adsorbed compounds can be biologically, thermally or catalytically degraded in the filter granules or washed out by solvents.

Description

Verfahren zur Reinigung von Luft, Abgasen und RohgasenProcess for cleaning air, exhaust gases and raw gases

von vorwiegend organischen, geruchswirksamen Verbindungen Beschreibung Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Luft, Abgasen und Rohgasen von vorwiegend organischen, geruchswirksamen Verbindungen durch ein Filtergranulat, im wesentlichen aus Bentonit bestehend, das sich von anderen Tonmineralien durch seine besondere Kristallstruktur, durch eine große äußere und innere spezifische Oberfläche und somit durch eine große Sorptionskapazität unterscheidet.of predominantly organic, odoriferous compounds Description The invention relates to a method for cleaning air, exhaust gases and Raw gases of predominantly organic, odorous compounds through a filter granulate, consisting essentially of bentonite, which is distinguished from other clay minerals its particular crystal structure, due to a great external and internal specific Surface and thus by a large sorption capacity.

Durch Auslaugen mit Säuren, Calcinieren, Brechen und Sieben erhält man ein offenporiges, wasserbeständiges, thermisch belastbares, sshüttfähiges Granulat von geringer Schüttdichte (ca. 1 y/cm ) und von großer spezifischer Oberfläche (ca. 140 m /9), das durch Chemisorption und Physisorption gasförmige Verbindungen aus Luft, Abgasen und Rohgasen mit sehr gutem Wirkungsgrad zu eliminieren vermag.Obtained by leaching with acids, calcining, breaking and sieving an open-pored, water-resistant, thermally resilient, pourable granulate low bulk density (approx. 1 y / cm) and large specific surface area (approx. 140 m / 9), which produces gaseous compounds through chemisorption and physisorption Able to eliminate air, exhaust gases and raw gases with very good efficiency.

Die Kontaktschichten in festen Kontaktbetten neigen oft zu-Bachbildung, wodurch ein Teil des Gases durch die Kontaktschicht strömt, ohne mit dem adsorbierenden Feststoff in Berührung zu kommen. Es ist bekannt, daß industriell als feste Adsorbentien aktives Aluminiumoxid, aktiviertes Bauxit, Bleicherde, Silikagel, Aktivkohle u.ä. verwendet werden. Um den Luftwiderstand herabzusetzen und eine Bachbildung zu vermeiden, werden die Adsorbentien auf Fruchtschalen, Holz, Kohle oder ähnliche Materialien aufgebracht, was den Flächen-und Raumbedarf der Feststoffadsorbtionsfilter wesentlich erhöht und gleichzeitig die Möglichkeiten der Regeneration durch Lösungsmittel, der Aufbringung von Katalysatoren und des thermischen Abbaus im Feststoffbett erheblich einschränkt.The contact layers in fixed contact beds are often prone to stream formation, whereby part of the gas flows through the contact layer without interfering with the adsorbent Solid to come into contact. It is known to be used industrially as solid adsorbents active aluminum oxide, activated bauxite, fuller's earth, silica gel, activated carbon and the like. be used. In order to reduce the air resistance and to avoid a brook formation, the adsorbents are placed on fruit peels, wood, charcoal or similar materials applied, which the surface and space requirements of the solid adsorption filter is essential increased and at the same time the possibilities of regeneration through solvents, the application of catalysts and the thermal degradation in the solid bed considerably restricts.

Das bereits für andere Verwendungszwecke bekannte ausgelaugte, calcinierte Granulat auf Bentonitbasis eignet sich erfindungsgemäß bestens als Adsorbtions-Filtermaterial für niedere bis mittlere Konzentrationen von vorwiegend organischen, geruchswirksamen, gasförmigen Verbindungen als Alleinfilter, bzw. als kostenkünstige Endreinigungsstufe für Höchstkonzentrationen an Geruchsinhaltsstoffen.The leached, calcined one already known for other uses According to the invention, granules based on bentonite are ideally suited as adsorption filter material for low to medium concentrations of predominantly organic, odoriferous, gaseous compounds as sole filters or as a cost-effective final cleaning stage for maximum concentrations of odorous substances.

Erfindungsgemäß bietet das Filtergranulat gegenüber bisher bekannten Adsorbentien eine Reihe wesentlicher Vorteile: 1.) Während bei letzteren zur Regeneration ausschließlich a) Temperaturwechselverfahren, b) Druckwechselverfahren und c) Verdrängungsverfahren angewandt werden können, ist erfindungsgemäß bei dem vorliegenden Filtergranulat, aufgrund der Wasserbeständigkeit, Regeneration durch Lösungsmittel oder, aufgrund der Hitzebeständigkeit, durch thermische und/oder katalytische Verbrennung der adsorbierten organischen Verbindungen im Kontaktbett selbst möglich, ohne daß eine Desorptions-Verfahrensstufe zwischengeschaltet werden muß.According to the invention, the filter granulate offers compared to previously known Adsorbents have a number of significant advantages: 1.) While the latter for regeneration only a) temperature change process, b) pressure change process and c) displacement process can be applied, is according to the invention in the present filter granulate, due to the water resistance, regeneration by solvents or, due to the heat resistance, through thermal and / or catalytic combustion of the adsorbed organic compounds in the contact bed itself possible without a desorption process step must be interposed.

2.) Das Filtermaterial erfordert kein Trägermaterial, da es selbsttragende Kontaktschichten bildet.2.) The filter material does not require a carrier material as it is self-supporting Forms contact layers.

3.) Das Filtergranulat gewährleistet eine gleichmäßige Gasverteilung und schließt eine Bachbildung aus.3.) The filter granulate ensures an even gas distribution and excludes a brook formation.

4.) Das Filtergranulat kann in mehrere Meter hohen Kontaktschichten aufgebaut werden, ohne seine Schüttdichte, Struktur und Porenvolumen und somit Sorbtionseigenschaften zu verändern.4.) The filter granulate can be in contact layers several meters high be built up without its bulk density, structure and pore volume and thus sorption properties to change.

5.) Das Filtergranulat setzt den durchströmenden Gasen einen äußerst geringen spezifischen Luftwiderstand entgegen.5.) The filter granulate is extremely difficult for the gases flowing through low specific air resistance.

6.) Der Flächen- und Raumbedarf gegenüber klassischen Verfahren der adsorbtiven Reinigung von Abluft ist wesentlich geringer, ist auch deutlich geringer als bei dem vor kurzem bekanntgewordenen Filtermateial aus Lava, da die spezifische Oberfläche des ausgelaugten, calcinierten Bentonitgranulats jene von Lavagranulat um das Vielfache übersteigt. 3 7.) Die hohe additive Adsorbtionsleistung kg/m Filtermaterial liegt, spezifisch je nach adsorbiertem Gas, zwischen 2 und 50 kg und gewährleistet sehr lange, praktisch wartungsfreie Standzeiten.6.) The area and space requirements compared to classic methods of Adsorptive cleaning of exhaust air is much less, is also much less than the recently known filter material made of lava, since the specific Surface of the leached, calcined bentonite granulate that of lava granulate many times over. 3 7.) The high additive adsorption capacity kg / m filter material depending on the adsorbed gas, between 2 and 50 kg and guaranteed very long, practically maintenance-free service life.

8.) Im Bereich der Kondenswasserbildung können Mikroorganismen angesiedelt werden, die einen biologischen Abbau der adsorbierten organischen Verbindungen bewerkstelligen.8.) Microorganisms can settle in the area where condensation forms that bring about a biological degradation of the adsorbed organic compounds.

9.) Das Filtergranulat eignet sich besonders gut als Träger für Katalysatoren, die einen Abbau der adsorbierten Verbindungen in weniger umweltbelastende Moleküle bewirken.9.) The filter granulate is particularly suitable as a carrier for catalysts, which break down the adsorbed compounds into less polluting molecules cause.

10.) Gegenüber bisher bekannten Filtermaterialien zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäß vorgestellte Filtergranulat durch erheblich geringere Bau- und Betriebskosten der damit beschickten Filteranlagen aus.10.) This is noticeable compared to previously known filter materials According to the invention presented filter granulate by significantly lower construction and operating costs of the filter systems loaded with it.

11.) Die Einsatzschwerpunkte des erfindungsgemäß vorgestellten Verfahrens zur Emissionsminderung sind im einzelnen beispielsweise Lacktrocknungs und Beschichtungsprozesse, Imprägnierung, Rollenoffsetdruck, Fischmeh-lherstellung, Kaffeeröstereien, Räuchereien, Lebensmittelverarbeitung, Kunstoffverarbeitung, Tierkörperverwertungsanstalten, Kläranlagen, Abluft aus Tierhaltungen sowie das weite Gebiet der chemischen Industrie.11.) The main uses of the method presented according to the invention to reduce emissions, for example, paint drying and coating processes, Impregnation, web offset printing, fish meal production, coffee roasting plants, smokehouses, Food processing, plastics processing, animal carcass recycling plants, Sewage treatment plants, exhaust air from animal husbandry and the broad area of the chemical industry.

Claims (9)

Verfahren zur Reinigung von Luft, Abgasen und Rohgasen von vorwiegend organischen, geruchswirksamen Verbindungen Patentansprüche Adsor#tives Verfahren zur Reinigung von Luft, Abgasen und Rohgasen von vorwiegend organischen, geruchswirksamen Verbindungen durch ein Filtergranulat, im wesentlichen aus Bentonit (Montmorillonit) bestehend, das sich von anderen Tonmineralien durch seine besondere Kristallstruktur, durch starkes Quelivermögen, durch eine große spezifische äußere und innere Oberfläche und somit durch große Sorutionakapazitat unterscheidet. Process for the purification of air, exhaust gases and raw gases from predominantly organic, odor-active compounds Patent claims Adsor # tive process for cleaning air, exhaust gases and raw gases from predominantly organic, odorous Connections through a filter granulate, mainly made of bentonite (montmorillonite) consisting of other clay minerals due to its special crystal structure, by strong swelling ability, by a large specific outer and inner surface and thus differentiates through a large Sorutionakapazitat. 2) Anspruch 2 nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bentonit mit Säure ausgelaugt wird, wodurch Calcium durch Wasserstoff ersetzt wird. 2) claim 2 according to claim 1, characterized in that the bentonite leached with acid, replacing calcium with hydrogen. 3) Anspruch 3 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bentonit bei hohen Temperaturen calciniert und dadurch hitze- und wasserbeständig wird. 3) Claim 3 according to Claim 1 and the following, characterized in that that the bentonite calcines at high temperatures and is therefore heat and water resistant will. 4) Anspruch 4 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das calcinierte Bentonit gebrochen und auf eine gewünschte Korngröße gebracht wird. 4) claim 4 according to claim 1 and following characterized in that that the calcined bentonite broken and brought to a desired grain size will. 5) Anspruch 5 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filtergranulat offenporig ist und eine große äußere und innere spezifische Oberfläche aufweist. 5) claim 5 according to claim 1 and following characterized in that that the filter granulate is open-pored and a large external and internal specific Has surface. 6) Anspruch 6 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filtergranulat aufgrund seiner Wasserbeständigkeit mit Wasser oder anderen Lösungsmitteln regeneriert werden kann. 6) Claim 6 according to Claim 1 and the following, characterized in that that the filter granulate due to its water resistance with water or others Solvents can be regenerated. 7) Anspruch 7 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Beimpfung oder spontane Besiedelung mit Mikroorganismen die sorbierten Verbindungen biologisch abgebaut werden. 7) Claim 7 according to Claim 1 and the following, characterized in that that by inoculation or spontaneous colonization with microorganisms the sorbed Compounds are biodegradable. 8) Anspruch 8 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf das Filtergranulat Katalysatoren, wie z.B. metallische lösungen, appliziert werden können, die einen Abbau der adsorbierten organsichen Moleküle bewirken. 8) claim 8 according to claim 1 and following characterized in that that catalysts such as metallic solutions are applied to the filter granulate which cause a breakdown of the adsorbed organic molecules. 9) Anspruch 9 nach Anspruch 1 und folgenden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im Filtergranulat durch Physisorption und Chemisorption angereicherten Verbindungen im Filterbett selbst durch thermische und/oder katalytische Verbrennung abgebaut werden können. 9) claim 9 according to claim 1 and following characterized in that that the compounds enriched in the filter granulate by physisorption and chemisorption degraded in the filter bed itself by thermal and / or catalytic combustion can be.
DE19853536158 1985-10-10 1985-10-10 Process for the purification from predominantly organic, odour-active compounds of air, exhaust gases and crude gases Withdrawn DE3536158A1 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4040922A1 (en) * 1990-12-20 1991-08-08 Schroeder Andreas Karl Purifying combustion fumes - using multi-apertured lava filter balls on mesh supports near exhaust stack mouth
DE4220950A1 (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-01-05 Metallgesellschaft Ag Sepn. of impurities from gases produced on gasifying-combusting fossil fuel - by cooling and then contacting with clay minerals
WO2004056450A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-08 Pro Power Technologies Limited Cleaning of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines wiht sorbent materials
US8435329B2 (en) 2008-01-21 2013-05-07 Pptek Limited, Incorporated Fuel cleaning for gas fired engines
CN109364599A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-02-22 南京鑫之鸿环保科技有限公司 A kind of paint spray booth's catalysis burning waste gas treatment process

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DE3428798A1 (en) * 1984-01-26 1985-08-01 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Apparatus for purifying exhaust gas

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2903434A (en) * 1957-04-22 1959-09-08 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Decolorizing clays
DE1719554C2 (en) * 1968-03-05 1975-01-16 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Process for the regeneration of carbonaceous adsorbents loaded with adsorbates
DE2748209A1 (en) * 1976-10-29 1978-05-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd PROCEDURE FOR THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN OXIDES
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DE3023943A1 (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-01-15 Uop Inc METHOD FOR CONVERTING CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN OXIDE IN HOT EXHAUST GAS FROM A COMBUSTION ENGINE
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4040922A1 (en) * 1990-12-20 1991-08-08 Schroeder Andreas Karl Purifying combustion fumes - using multi-apertured lava filter balls on mesh supports near exhaust stack mouth
DE4220950A1 (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-01-05 Metallgesellschaft Ag Sepn. of impurities from gases produced on gasifying-combusting fossil fuel - by cooling and then contacting with clay minerals
WO2004056450A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-08 Pro Power Technologies Limited Cleaning of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines wiht sorbent materials
US8435329B2 (en) 2008-01-21 2013-05-07 Pptek Limited, Incorporated Fuel cleaning for gas fired engines
CN109364599A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-02-22 南京鑫之鸿环保科技有限公司 A kind of paint spray booth's catalysis burning waste gas treatment process

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