DE3526453A1 - Hot air free jet turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the invention is a HOT AIR FREE JET TURBINE functioning with pure air as the operating medium for utilising all combustible, gaseous and solid substances, such as BIOGAS, SEWAGE GAS, NATURAL GAS, TOWN GAS and also STRAW, DRIED GRASS, DRIED DUNG, BRUSHWOOD, PEAT and WASTE WOOD of any type, not least also all liquid fuels, but primarily for the purpose of general use in agricultural and forestry areas, also in underdeveloped countries. The air, precharged by the charging fan of the turbine, is drawn in filtered from the open atmosphere and heated to the maximum possible temperature in an air heater suitable for the above-mentioned combustible substances, so that this air in the turbine flows out of nozzles at the speed of sound for the condition and in a free jet directly strikes the blades, effectively similar in form to the bucket of a Pelton wheel and arranged on the rotor circumference, thereby generating mechanical energy. The structural design of the exemplary embodiment comprises the (wet air filter) radial supercharger (compressor) equipped with intake filter and the turbine, which comprises the side parts of identical design, the outer and intermediate ring carrying the jets and the turbine rotor, supported on ball bearings, with the circumferential blading. The hot air emerging from the nozzles at the speed of sound for the condition, corresponding to the temperature, flows into ... Original abstract incomplete.

Description

For energy saving and / or additional reasons Energy generation, e.g. B. in European agriculture = and communal Area, and for energy generation reasons at all in basic energy poor third and developing countries with primarily farmer = and forestry character ENGINES are required that use liquid fuels replacing and considered as REPLACEMENT = and / or WASTE flammable substances, such as STRAW, dried GRASS, REISIG and WOOD WASTE, can be operated.

A steam generating plant with a boiler and steam engine required, although heatable with the above flammable materials, as a resource WATER, but in third = and Developing countries mostly in short supply and often not available is. A steam engine unit is out of the question. This applies particularly to the required maintenance, those in underdeveloped areas if possible should be avoided entirely.

A unit with a gas piston engine can be replaced with = and / or waste materials when used, for example a known "Impert" wood gas plant or a comparable one Conversion system operated or with Biogas or fermentation gas, which is outside the engine generated gas ignited directly in the engine cylinders and is burned. That components of the exhaust gases are aggressive the pistons and valves have become known also their susceptibility to repairs, which impair continuous operation and frequency and the high maintenance requirement.

Contrary to water vapor = or gas combustion engines the idea of the invention is to use pure AIR as a working medium using a HEISS AIR-FREE-JET TURBINE characterized in that the in an air heater super heated air with temperature dependent speed of sound directly on meets the blades arranged on the circumference of the turbine impeller and that the pressurized by a radial loader  Air before entering the air heater through the in the Turbine exhaust air escaping free atmosphere is preheated becomes. The air heater is designed so that the in Turbine working air flowing through optionally all usable solid, gaseous and liquid waste =, replacement = and known fuels heated to high temperature becomes.

The one referring to half the height of the turbine impeller blade Air wheel diameter is according to that for free jet turbines valid speed dependency on the jet speed and peripheral speed determined.

Description:

An embodiment of the hot air free jet turbine (with loading fan and reduction gear) is shown separately in the side view by Fig. A, in section by Fig. B and in Fig. C the impeller blade.

The jet nozzles ( 1 ) are arranged in the outer ring ( 2 ) of the housing construction, which is formed from the outer ring ( 2 ) and the side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ).

The housing outer ring ( 2 ) limits the height of the impeller blade ( 5 ), with only a small gap ( 6 ) ensuring unhindered rotation, taking thermal expansion into account. In the same way, the freewheel gap for the impeller on the blades is determined by the thermal expansion to the sides ( 7 ). The side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) are carriers of the roller bearings ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) and the axial labyrinth seals ( 10 ) and ( 11 ).

The impeller cast body ( 12 ) is hollow and stiffened inside by ribs ( 13 ). The impeller disks ( 14 ) are conical towards the impeller ring ( 15 ), which is encapsulated with the blades ( 5 ), and thereby run parallel to the housing side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ), so that to the Housing side parts with thermal expansion of the gap is reduced to a minimum, which is necessary to avoid eddy formation and the so-called wheel friction.

In order to prevent the passage of hot working air from the blade ring to the impeller hub to still arranged on both sides in the region of the impeller ring (15) a sealing ring (16) and in the housing side parts (3) and (4) and below the seal ring (16 ) Vertebrae ( 17 ) in the impeller disks ( 14 ) and the housing side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) the niches ( 18 ).

The shape of the impeller blade ( 5 ) is shown separately in Fig. C.

The wall thickness of the impeller blade is formed by two circular arcs of the same radius, the external inclination of which corresponds to the optimal deflection beam angle (approximately 10 °). Because of the side delimitation due to the housing side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ), tips are formed by the tangents ( 19 ) placed on the inner curvature of the blade shape for optimal beam guidance to the sides. The wall thickness itself is determined by the strength of the blade root, which is required for high speed and centrifugal loading, at the same time as a high temperature, as a dependency of the cast material.

Two adjacent impeller blades ( 5 ) on the one hand and the nozzle outer ring ( 2 ) and the housing side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) on the other hand create a rectangular cross-section for the blasting work space, characterized in that the nozzle ( 1 ) air escaping at the state sound velocity can only flow into the exhaust air ducts ( 21 ) within the exhaust opening bend ( 20 ) and ( 20 ) in Fig. A. following the blade curvature and deflection tangent ( 19 ). To avoid back pressure generating recoil through exhaust air line ribs in the housing side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ), stationary deflecting blades with a flow-guiding shape are avoided, but can be used depending on the exhaust air behavior. A graphic representation of a deflecting vane insert in the discharge opening bends ( 20 ) and ( 20 ) is dispensed with.

The turbine version shown in Fig. A and Fig. B has two nozzles and, accordingly, four discharge opening bends ( 2 ) and four exhaust air ducts ( 21 ), which for structural reasons, i.e. to save space, change from a rectangular cross-section to a circular cross-section ( 22 ) pass over with the connection flanges ( 23 ).

The impeller cast body ( 12 ) has serration ( 24 ) on its inner hub diameter, which provides a wheel-shaft connection that is permissible for high torques. The housing side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) are shown in mirror image with cast-on exhaust air channels ( 21 ). For reasons of cost-effective production, it is expedient to unscrew the exhaust air ducts, a precaution which at the same time facilitates the possibility of pouring in the stationary deflection vanes which may be required.

The housing of the radial charge blower with the wet air filter for the intake air and the reduction gear are screwed onto the side parts ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) of the housing, whereby instead of the spur gear reduction gear ( i = 1/5) shown there is a more favorable planetary gear ( i = 1/5 can be mounted with a fixed bridge.

The electrical is coupled directly with the gear shaft Electricity generator arranged so that a compact unit is realized.

Claims (17)

1) HOT AIR TURBINE with pure sucked in and charged air as the working medium, characterized in that the air heater can be heated with all combustible solid, gaseous, liquid and waste materials similar to the design of a known tube boiler due to variable combustion chamber use. 2) hot air turbine according to claim 1), that the pressurized working medium is air with temperature-dependent speed (= state sound speed flowing from nozzles to radial Blades arranged on the circumference of the turbine impeller meets. 3) hot air turbine according to claim 2), that the blades on the rim and the impeller body molded in relation to the vertical center of the impeller symmetrical, approximately quarter moon-shaped are. 4). Blade according to claim 3), characterized in that the designed according to material strength requirements Wall thickness through circular arcs of the same radius with flow guidance on both sides of the inner arc Tangent is limited. 5) impeller blade according to claim 3) and 4), that the distance and height of two neighboring, d. H. following shovels by the slope of the Nozzle jet center (= center vector of the jet velocity) determined by the foot through this beam center the leading and the top edge of the following Shovel is hit or touched simultaneously. 6) impeller blades according to claim 3), 4 and 5) thereby characterized in that by the nozzle housing outer ring the within the blade-shaped blade Intermediate space between adjacent blades Hot air deflected through openings in the side of the housing emanates. 7) hot air turbine according to claim 2), that the hot air inlet nozzles in one by double-sided Rings, for example made of metal, against the side case sealed ring body are arranged.   8) hot air turbine according to claim 2) and 7), that the nozzle-carrying middle ring body by means of flange rings arranged on both sides the side housing parts is attached. 9) hot air turbine according to claim 2), 7) and 8) thereby characterized in that the side housing parts are mirror images designed with arched outlet openings for the exhaust air and with exhaust air guide devices are provided. 10) hot air turbine according to claim 2), 7), 8) and 9) thereby characterized in that the exhaust air guide devices arcuate outlet openings in the side Housing parts arranged to be mounted so as to cover Additional parts with appropriate sealing and guiding means are. 11) hot air turbine according to claim 2), 7), 8), 9) and 10) characterized in that the side housing parts with demountable exhaust air guiding devices of the same design, for example, are cast parts. 12) hot air turbine according to claim 2), 7), 8), 9) and 10) characterized in that the side housing parts annular hubs for receiving the axial labyrinth seal Rings, the bearings and centering the Additional turbine units, such as radial loaders and reduction gears Own gearbox. 13) turbine side housing part according to claim 8), 9), 10) 11), 12) and 2), characterized in that additional Aggregates using rib-stiffened thread eyes are coupled to the side walls. 14) hot air turbine impeller according to claim 3), 4) and 5) characterized in that the turbine impeller, as cast hollow body with inner ribs designed by conical Side walls parallel to conical walls the side housing parts is formed. 15) hot air turbine wheel according to claim 14), that underneath the turbine Impeller blades with labyrinth sealing rings on both sides and seepage catch rings are arranged. 16) Hot air turbine impeller and side housing part through characterized that the cone of the impeller-side walls so designed parallel to the cone of the housing side parts is that the gap between the wheel and the housing under  Temperature expansion remains constant. 17) hot air turbine impeller according to claim 14), 15), and 16) characterized in that the turbine shaft serrated with the impeller hub without play connected is.