DE3515507A1 - Electrical DC voltage converter system - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus by means of which a low DC voltage can be converted into a higher, and vice versa, is described, as an electrical DC voltage converter system. In this case, a number of (z) capacitors will initially have been charged connected in parallel and then changed over to a series circuit after charging of the same, which produces a discharge voltage which is z times greater than the charging voltage. In particular an 8-pole changeover switch operating with four switching blades is described, which can control thousands of such capacitors using cheap low-voltage solid-state diodes. As a result of the lower wear susceptibility, a rotary switch likewise having only 8 terminals is even better. The latter allows changeover switching frequencies up to 100 Hertz to be achieved. The unit can be used as a high-voltage power source for many projects where low currents are to be switched. In the event of the converter process being reversed, namely a low voltage being produced from very high voltages, there are also new applications. For example, precise measurement of very high DC voltages up to a Gigavolt.

Description

DC / DC converter system.

The invention described below relates to an electrical DC voltage converter system.

The same has the task, either a low electrical direct voltage to a higher one, or conversely a high electrical direct voltage to a lower one to walk. The former task is preferred.

In this respect, the new voltage converter is used for the power supply electrical, physical, physico-chemical, medical, biological, molecular biological, nuclear physical, nuclear chemical and weapons technology processes.

For example, the converter is preferably used to supply power to suction voltage accelerator systems for electrons and cold nuclear ions to generate x-rays and gamma rays, also from VHF, UEF, infrared, optical light, ultraviolet, as well as from neutrons from low-spallation Cold core ion accelerators and in connection therewith for the generation of cold core ions induced Neutrino bundles.

With this new type of DC voltage source, voltages between . ~ 4 KV and 20 gigavolts mediated from a low voltage between 244 and 200 volts will.

There is sometimes the prospect of between particle energy of 2 MeV and 20 GeV the expensive ones that only work with low temperature cooling on the coil To replace high-energy synchrotrons in rural tasks.

As static voltage converters were previously only in the AC voltage range known the AC transformers.

There were ironless converters in the HF range with low power, in the area of high power and low frequency, those with iron sheet cores at high Effect the induction of the coils or fields mediating network transformers mostly 50 Hertz frequency This resulted in a voltage translation or reduction according to the coil turns ratio of the primary and secondary side in proportion U2 / U1 = w2 / w1.

In the DC / DC converter system described below Coils, iron cores and induction are not used, although only conventional ones Components form the new DC / DC converter system. On the other hand, the voltage conversion is based here on the fact that system components in the system circuit change their situation. In that regard, here is the Invention therein is any suitable and arbitrary plurality (z) of electrocapacitive Capacitors of suitable capacitance and electrical strength for the purpose the DC voltage increase when charging with a relatively low voltage U1 and usually not too high a current in parallel is located until the capacitors are fully charged, and a short time afterwards to convert the charging low voltage In high discharge voltage, the charged capacitors are connected in series with zero current can be switched to be usable under high voltage in the consumer line to discharge, or in some cases the reverse is done, namely that to convert the charging voltage into a lower voltage when charging with a higher one Voltage Ul the z capacitors are connected in series until the charge is completed is, and then the same are placed in the parallel circuit around their low voltage To deliver charge from the parallel connection to the consumer, and in both cases then immediately after discharging the capacitors with zero current back into the charging circuit are relocated, after charging back into the discharge circuit relocates its charge to the consumer, and so on at a suitable and at the changeover switches Switching frequency to avoid switch-off sparks.

The figures in the drawing show this converter system in in a schematic and immeasurable manner with “3circuit and constructional Figures 1 and 2 show one with 5 double knives at z = 5 and three extra knives armored changeover switches in the loading and unloading positions. However, with the required switching frequency of around 5 to 10 Hertz, there are wear effects It is to be expected and, moreover, it is disadvantageous that this one has not yet innovated System, for example, for converting 200 volt charging voltage into 20 gigavolt consumer voltage one - - = = z = 107 such D 'switch blades and three extra 2.102.5 = blades including Switch necessary tE, which would be utopia from an economic point of view.

In contrast, Figures 3 and 4 show a converter system that also works with knife switches, abeM for the change from 200 volts charging voltage to 20 Gigavolt working voltage only one single .2-pole and four-knife switch required for z = 109/102 = 107 capacitors, their not subject to wear Eigenart does not have to include a risk of wear and tear. Wear just fit expect linear knife switches, and because in Fig. 3. and 4.

If there is only one eight-pole connector with 4 blades, that's no problem to switch him.

But also the question of switch wear in Fig. 3. and 4.

is remedied with the rotary switch principle of Fig.5., which is cut to the circuit according to Fig. 3. and 4. and so far hardly has greater switch wear and tear, and only a few such switches for any large (z) required. This latter optimal design show in structural terms and, from a functional point of view, the transverse and longitudinal sections of FIGS. 6 to i3. There are accordingly shown in Fig.1. the converter in charging circuit with 5 two-knife switches and a three-knife switch. It is sufficient for z = 5. At z = 10 there are two such switches necessary, etc.

Fig. 2. the same transducer in its discharge circuit, i.e.

with high voltage transfer as low voltage in parallel connection stored energy.

Fig. 3. the innovated four-meter eight-pole linear switch in his Charging phase. It is sufficient for the inclusion of millions of capacitors for generation high voltage or vice versa.

Fig. 4. shows the same innovated monolinear switch in its discharge phase.

Fig. 5. shows the rotary switch monotype for the same purpose in the end of the phase. It is also sufficient for the inclusion of millions of capacitors and has compared to the equivalent linear type of Fig. 3. and 4 the preference for a higher switching frequency and less wear.

Fig. 6. shows an improvement of the type of FIG. insofar as the diametrical metal brushes form a single piece and no wire connection to need.

Fig.7. the type of rotary switch approximated to the following construction diagrams in two switching levels with its 8 terminals being played on the circuit of the Linear circuits Fig.3. and 4. Instead of unadjustable copper slips are spring-loaded Carbon brushes used.

Fig. 8. the constructive structure of the rotary switch type to the scheme of the figure?. in cross-section B-B to Fig. 9.

B-B is the front switching level of the system.

Fig. 9. the longitudinal section of the rotary switch switching with 2 switching levels of Figures 7th and 8th section plane is D-D of Figure 8.

Fig. 10. The two-level switch cross-section E-E for Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 the longitudinal sketch of the mounted rotary switch from Figures 5. to 10.

Fig. 12 the rear view of the rotary switch of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13. is the schematic of an application of the converter system as High-voltage direct current source of a new type of cannon for the targeted emission of High energy x-ray bundles, neutrons and high energy neutrino bundles the Theory and calculation of these converter systems for converting low DC voltage in higher and vice versa is derived from the known three basic equations of Electrostatics or the capacitors: C = Cl + C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 when charging 5 capacitors (1) with any DC voltage in parallel, whereby C = capacities are. (Farad) C-1 C2-1 C3-1 C4-1 C5-1 b i 5 i b C-1 -1.-1 + C3 '+ C41 + capacitors in If 5 are connected in series, 5 are connected in parallel charged capacitors in series.

E = storage energy when fully charged = C.U2 / 2 (3).

These three formulas are sufficient in conjunction with the ohmic and inductive Resistance of the circuit and in connection with the switching frequency and the charging voltage respectively . Discharge voltage for the relevant technology. It is important to ensure that 1. The charge has already been completed at the instant of switching from loading to unloading is and no more charging current flows so that the switch does not make sparks, and 2. Discharge has already been completed in the instant to switch from unloading to loading is and no more discharge current flows around the switch of sparks and Preserve arc. There is also a suitable switching frequency, an adapted one Capacity of the z capacitors, suitable lines in the charging and discharging circuit and the A suitable consumer circuit is required for the discharge, Bel come from this converter system Applications in question Soft prefers its use as a high-voltage power source concern at very small current. But special applications are also to be expected, E.g. the exact measurement of high DC voltages up to gigavolts by down-conversion the same to 100 to 500 volts «which can be measured precisely with conventional devices.

In detail, the construction and mode of operation of this system are as follows: Fig.1.

The (z) capacitors, here z = 5, are conventional as two-sheet symbols In reality, at Blattmachart you have thousands of sheets of metal and insulating material and in the case of winding types there are sometimes thousands of turns preferably the former. Here z = 5 capacitors C1 to C5 in the charging parallel connection to a combination of 5 two-knife switches and a single relay operated linear knife type.

including 3 extra knives. The knives of the two-knife types are marked with (2,3) and the three E ^ tramessaries with (10,11,12). They become all together with the double relay (9,9) with switching stroke (f1) here for the parallel connection of the 5 capacitors used at the relay voltage U3 whose switching clock frequency is around 2 can be up to 10 Hertz. In itself you can go higher with it, but then risk Signs of wear and tear.

With plate or rail (6) is the relay that is attached to it is, suitably firmly mounted The push rods (8) are moved by the relay in direction (f1) actuated and act on the rail or plate (5), in which on the other hand all Rods (7,7a) of the switch are attached to be operated by it. The outside bars (7a) are led in (6); and because they are also fixed in (5), from (7a) the remaining rods including the plate or rail (5) m (7a) in (6).

U1 denotes the charging voltage, e.g. 200 volts direct voltage1 The discharge circuit is not terminated because it is open and without voltage. It is connected in parallel of the 5 capacitances switched. With auxiliary knife (10,11) Ul is created, with knife (12) the circuit of U2 switched off because it is currently charging.

Fig. 2 Here is switched to unloading with stroke (f2).

The charging circuit of the voltage U1 is switched off at both poles and the discharging circuit with voltage U2 switched on at both poles; the switch bars (7,7a, 8) are in the direction (f2) proceeded.

The 5 capacitors are under voltage U2 = 5.U1 to the consumer discharged; then (9) switches back to the charging position.

Big.3.

In the design of Fig.1. and 2. are two-metered capacitors (7) for z Switch required. For example, if you want to use 200 volt voltage to get a U2 = 200 Megavolts come, then there are 2,108 / 2,102 = 106 capacitors and accordingly 106 two-knife switches of the type Fig. 1. necessary what would be utopia.

The design of Figure 3 comes with a single four-meter linear switch for 8 contacts. With the above-mentioned tendency, namely in a cheap way with little wear That means turning a low DC voltage into a DC high voltage a great advance; because it is no longer a utopia, with this switch and this circuit can be obtained from 200 volts di direct voltage of 20 gigavolts and using high suction anode voltage with linear accelerators in certain applications the large research group accelerator by a Bezim instead of cheaper and less To displace narrow linear accelerators.

The effect of this mono switch is achieved by including a Solid diode (23,24,25,26,) i.e. 4 diodes on 5 capacitors, but hardly susceptible to interference, cheap and also with the small application currents in question here integrated sub-miniature technology will be feasible.

The charging voltage source U1 is determined by two poles (15,16,17,18) and the discharge voltage is also switched by two blades on the poles (19, 20, 21, 22). Here is switched to charging, with switch stroke (fR). Charging is via (14a, 14b) Fig. 4.

Here the system is in the by switching to unloading with lift Unloading phase, unloading takes place via rails (14c, 14d), i.e. here with high voltage via the set of diodes (23,24,25,26).

Each of these diodes has only one voltage U2 / z, i.e.

the charging voltage U1 to withstand.Dh that despite these diodes are in high to extra high voltage rail (14c, 14d), their design is cheaper, low-voltage solid state type, e.g. at U15 200 volts only made for 200 volts. What then still adheres to the system is the switching frequency of the transformation, which is limited by the wear problem; although the mono-switching type Fig. 2. and 3. was decisive for the application of this voltage conversion, so the rotary switch can be used as an almost wear-free monotype, ie also in a row ~. for each capacitor number (z) with an even cheaper design Fig. 5.

Here is the first switch symbol on a single switch cross-section interpreted; All switching functions are relocated to a single switching level with Adiden figures 3rd and 4th corresponding poles (15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22), which here the 8 poles of the four-meter linear switch from Fig. 3 and 4 represent. So was able to symbolically transfer this switching process into the capacitor charging phase circuit without any problem the linear switch type of Fig.3. be imported. Are on the rotary switch in the symbolic cross-section denoted by: (27) the stator made of porcelain or other Insulating material.

(45) assigned to eight metal contacts let into the stator bore on the inside to Poland (15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22), and offset against each other by 45 degrees the rotor axis.

(30) the rotor made of insulating material, preferably porcelain or soapstone, or Bakelite.

(29) the drive shaft, suitably coupled to (30) with splines.

(46) four offset by 90 degrees on the rotor circumference and semicircular ones Wire clips (33), two-dimensionally connected copper grinding elements. They grind with a suitable fit over the outer circumference of the rotor protruding on the bore of the Stator and thus intermittently on the contacts (45). This is now at Switching frequencies up to about 200 Rertz, provided that switching can be done that quickly, the same obtained like the circuit of Fig.3. and 4. it could with 5 to 10 Hertz.

After the diodes (23 to 26) in Fig.3. and 4. first the breakthrough to the mono switch for each number (z) of the transforming capacitor switching brought n t can be achieved with a suitable constructive design of the Roto switch to eliminate wear problems and to obtain suitably high switching frequencies educate.

At first it was the same as with the linear system of Figures 3 and 4. no problem, this Roto switch in the circuit of Figures 3. and 4. with the same Integrate pole numbers or indices, even if the contact pieces (46) are still the Need innovation. In Fig. 5. is just like in Figures 3 and 4 over the rails (14a, 14b) charged and discharged via the rails (14c, 14d). Here is the: loading phase shown.

Fig * 6 Instead of the one in Fig. 5. diametrically shown on the switch cross-section 2 used contact strips (46) with semicircle wire connections (33) is here a continuous metal Koft act in a diametrically continuous bore on the rotor piece (40 is used. In a sense, it forms the transition from the symbolic scheme to the constructive structure of the following pictures.

eeim the two-pole slider (46) of Fig. 6. can do the wire connection (33) of Fig. 5. omitted.

Fig. 7.

Here the toggle functions are true to the following construction schemes in two rotor planes B-B and E-E of Fig. 9. relocated.

The cross section BB contains 8 stator contact pieces (45) as in Fig. 5 for the switching system poles (17,18,19,20). What is new is that as in Fig.6. now a transverse bore of the rotor (30) on the periphery per æw-e} contact carbons (3a) in the bore (34), both of which are pressed outwards by the central bronze helical spring (57) against the stator bore and are thus elastically contacted 1 as a replacement for the Mating contact of the fixed contact pieces (4ß) of Fig. 5. or (46) of Fig.6. As with Fig. 5. the running gap is designated by t32). The second switching level EE of the same figure rotates with the first BB around axis AA of Fig. 9. It also has 8 contacts in the stator bore @n (35) two carbon brushes (36) as current collectors with a screw bronze spring (37) which presses outwards centrally and connects the two carbon brushes, which replaces the connecting wires (33) from Fig. 50. As in Fig. 3 and 4, the switching -Poles analogous to Fig. 50 with (15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, denoted on the figures Fig. 5. The rotary switch also here in the capacitor linear switch symbolism of Figures 3 and 4 and defines in this state of Figure 7 in two switching levels the process characterizing the discharge state. In contrast to the state of charge of Figure 5 not the current on the charging rails (14a, 14b) but on the discharge rails (14c, 14d) of the diode circuit, which was characteristic of the invention of the mono switch and brings about the breakthrough.

Fig. 8.

This cross section B-B to the longitudinal section D-D of Fig.9. lets the Recognize the state of charge because terminal (15) is currently connected to (16) of the carbon brushes are. (19,20) are unconnected.

Fig. 2. This longitudinal section D-D to Fig. 8. leave as in Fig. 8.

in the first switching level the connection of (15) with (16) and in the second switching level recognize the connection of (17) with (18), which is identical is with state of charge.

Fig. 10. This cross section of the switching plane E-E of Fig.9.

can be used as a supplement for coupling (15) with (16) the first switching level Fig. 8. Recognize the coupling of (17) with (18), which also defines "loading phase" as Fig. 3 as an analogy statement.

In Fig. 9. are additional components of the rotary switch the following components should be mentioned: (34,35) the two rotor transverse bores (38) the rear one Stator end shield.

(42) the front end shield of the stator.

(30a, 30b) Rotor insulation spigot for mounting the steel shaft stubs.

(39) the rear stub shaft made of steel.

(29) the front drive shaft stub, "(40,43) locking screws, (44) shaft splines and (41) two rotor bearings.

Fig. 10.

One of the many possible variations is based on the two-level switching principle of the figure?. here with the coupling of the terminals (17,18) the extension of the terminals ( 21,22) combined. In FIG. 8, this corresponds to the coupling as the first switching level of (15,16) and separation of (19,20) in the sense of Fig. 3. as loading phase. A further rotation of the rotor around 450 then connects what was separate in both planes and directs the Discharge a.

Fig. 11.

Here the rotary switch from Figures 7. to 10.

in the exterior view of the stator (27), motor (47) and the choice of Switching frequency serving control drive (48) shown.

FîZ.12.

The same rotary switch is shown in a frontal view with the terminals (15,16,17,18,19,20,21) assigned to its contacts in 2 levels.

Fig. 13 The voltage converter system with rotary switch is the power source here a cannon combined from an X-ray source of cold nuclear ions and a source of cold neutrons for emitting 2 types of collimated X-rays, collimated neutrons and neutrino rays. It is a combination of two units: 1.) The rotary switch of the converter as (27) with motor (47) and control gear (48.). The rotary switch is slipped over and enclosed in the base with an insulating hood (49) and cover (50), whereby the hood leaves a lot of high-voltage control room at the top. The desk can be removed quickly and the hood has the voltage supply U1 at the bottom as (68) and above the cable outlet nozzle (51) with cable (52).

2,) The condenser container (53) with cable outlet nozzle (y4) and Cable (55) sawie the outgoing high voltage lines (56,57) for the nuclear ion accelerator and high voltage strippers (58,59) for the x-ray tube. With (6O) are the two hot cathode heating lines the special cone-focal X-ray tube. The nuclear ion accelerator voltage is specified with 1 - 100 megavolts. It can also be chosen to be much larger, bits about 20 GV.

3.) The neutron and X-ray photon and neutrino cannon has the components : Ceramic high vacuum tube (61), metal pot anode with negative voltage ¢ 64) hollow cone Metal funnel (62) for the absorption of the ionization of the after-injection and Accelerator chamber (63) from the media gas (hydrogen H or Deuterium D or Helium He) resulting free electrons, assuming using H the protons that are created and then to be accelerated (p +), (65) the focus of the conical roccal X-ray mission in the ionization space, denoted as (f) , (66) the X-ray tube, and at the rear of the cannon, as with ordinary cannons, fast Changeable the ammunition, d. the bottle for liquid or gas H or D or He, their outflowing gas in the smallest doses with not shown Control either from the outside through this line is injected into the room (63), or with the indicated capillary tube through the X-ray tube into the injection room (63) is allowed through; in the latter case the X-tube is not just a cylindrical one Outer wall but also a small-caliber cylindrical core wall would have, what with Conical focal X. tube type becomes feasible, and what is also compatible with its hot cathode, which then ring shape anniEt.The bundled emission of the cannon has indices (f ') for the primFren X -photons of the Heck X-ray tubes, (f) for those arising at the anode (64) X-rays, generated by protons p +, (N) neutrons which are spallation-free from conversion of the prdtones at the anode into neutrons with the release of electrons in the anode circle arise, sund neutrinos (V) as "immaginare Components of the decelerated neutrons after the straw transformation of 1931, a non-contradicting one Alternative to the Lorentz instein transformation (Sommerfeld-Einstein) 1932. This Neutrino bundles can be modulated with the proton bundles p + and are more feasible with suitable Detection at the receiver for per-global or inter-global telephony and telegraphy useful, another application of the new DC high voltage source.

It goes without saying that both when translating a DC voltage with this converter, as well as when stepping down a DC voltage, the Emederspennangsseite, First of all, the parallel connection of the charging side as the primary side in parallel groups of series connection units and last case also the primary side in the same way Type is switchable in groups, so that in the first case the translation ratio according to Above and in the latter case the translation ratio downwards can be selected step by step will.

Literature C. Strobel "ionenauelle "P 34 24 370.4 It is preferred around a cold core ion source, in which ionization with the cone focal X-ray tube Hydrogen gas H or deuterium gas D or helium gas Ee with elimination of electrons at the atoms in protons + or deuterons d + or Alfaionen + is converted and these are accelerated with a high DC suction voltage.

C. Strobel "Neutron Cannon" P 34 35 621.5 for medicine, physics, chemistry, physical chemistry, nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, Biology, forest death therapy, SMOG detoxification and weapons on land, water, underwater, Air, space, including the above cold core ion source and the low spallation Principle, at the negative accelerator anode of the suction accelerator Kerniomem in neutrons to convert and thereby two types of X-rays, also neutrons and modulatable neutrino bundles to shoot at a target.

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Claims (1)

P a t e n t claims 1. DC / DC converter system as a power source many electrical, mechanical, chemical, physical, medical and biological processes, in particular Also in the case of radiological weapons, characterized in that a suitable and any number (z) of electrocapacitive capacitors of suitable capacitance and suitable electrical strength for the purpose of increasing the DC voltage when charging with a relatively low voltage U1 and usually not a very large current is in parallel until the capacitors are fully charged, and briefly afterwards the charged (z) capacitors to change the low charge voltage to high discharge voltage in the case of zero current switched to the series connection to then under High voltage U2 = z.Ul in the consumer line usable to discharge, or vice versa, that specifically for the purpose of reducing the DC voltage with the high voltage U2 as the charging voltage the (z) capacitors the same are connected in series and they are completed after Charge in the parallel connection are shifted by their charge at voltage Ul = U2 / z to be delivered to the consumer as a low-voltage charge in the parallel connection, and in both skins immediately after discharge the (z) capacitors back into the The state of charge can be switched and switched back to the state of discharge after charging deliver their charge to the consumer, and so on, at a suitable and to the changeover switches do not yet have a switching frequency imparting switch-off and switch-on sparks. 2-. DC voltage converter system according to claim 1, characterized in that This is for switching (z) capacitors according to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing one with (z) double switch blades (3,4) and three special switch blades (10,11,23), the former for switching over the capacitors and the latter for the relevant network disconnection, Yet Claim 2. equipped linear switch is used, d.b .. for converting the 24 volt DC voltage of a vehicle battery into 240000 volts DC voltage for the nuclear ion accelerator of a neutron cannon / next to 10,000 capacitors also 10,000 double knife switches plus the auxiliary seperator (10,22,12) 3. DC voltage converter according to claim 1 in the sense of Figures 3 and 4. to reduce the number of switch knives, characterized in that d a s s to switch an 8-pole four-knife switch is used for charging when connected in parallel (z) capacitors and for discharging them in series, the two Switch blades of the four poles (15,16,17,18) switch the charging voltage source U1 on and off and the two. Switch blade of the four poles (19.20,21,22) the discharge circuit to the Ver - Switch consumers on and off and both switches via common switching mechanism from a common relay (13) in the stroke direction (f?) to loading and in the stroke direction (f2) can be switched to discharging. 4. DC voltage converter according to claim 1 and claim 3. in the sense of Figures 3 and 4, characterized in that in the Capacitor circuit via switches (15,16,17,18) in Fig. 3. with charging current source U1 low voltage across the circuit of lines (14a, 14b) the z capacitors C1 to C5 with direct current flowing in the direction of the arrow with the diode circuit switched off are charged until all capacitors are full, and then after switching off the Switch group (15,16,17,18) and after switching on the group (19,20,21,22) under Switching off the charging voltage and switching on the high voltage discharge circuit U2 via the circle of (z-) diodes (23,24,25,26), which via lines (14c, 14d) with disconnection of (14a, 14b) acts, the z capacitors at high voltage U2 consumers dissipate their stored energy under high voltage. 5. DC voltage converter system according to claims 1 and 3. and 4. as well as in the sense of the circuit diagram of FIG. 3, characterized in that d a s s in the charging phase, the capacitors are connected in parallel in the charging circuit (14a, 14b) lead a current at low voltage which is always comparatively is greater than the high voltage discharge current charging on the z capacitors stored energy when discharged in series and that is why the path of the current through the expensive diodes of the rails (14c, 14d) avoided and is routed to the diodeless rails (14a, 14b) as loading rails, what a the main inventive idea of this connection was. 6. DC / DC converter system according to claims 1, 3, 5. for the purpose of from Big.4. by this means that the discharge path (14c, 14d) at high voltage and a very small discharge current via diodes (23,24,25,26 etc.), with each diode only a small voltage Ud = U2 / z is present with a very small current i2 = i1 / z, so that these diodes are unusually lightly loaded, small and cheap and low-wear as a result, e.g. at 24 volts charging voltage and 240000 volts discharge voltage the z = 10000 diodes that become necessary are not a question of price or risk and their small size and the small primary voltage of 24 volts make the tanning of neutron cannons for tumor therapy, sclerosis therapy, cholesterol therapy, gallstone therapy, etc. making it ideal in a small doctor's office1 is also the same As an airborne position in helicopters, the assigned neutron cannon for SMOG detoxification for SMOG alarms and for forest death control over leathers read what was ultimately a question of the power source. 7. DC voltage converter system according to claims I., 3.4.5.6. un figures 3. and 4. in the sense of FIG. 5, characterized in that the 8-pole four-knife switch of the contacts (15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22) is designed as a rotary switch and can subsequently be integrated into the circuitry of the capacitors instead of the four-knife switch where for z = 5 also the diodes (23,24,25,26) in the discharge circuit (14c, 14d) the trick and the Still claim 7. Determine the cheapness or the low-wear quality of the system, insofar Namely, as the rotary switch has less wear and tear and also a higher switching frequency allowed as the eight-pole switching system of the linear switch of Figures 3 and 4th 8. DC voltage converter system according to claim 7 and Fig.5. characterized in that here in a structural preliminary stage Isolierstoffstator (27) circular Ou section of the circular hole Running gap (32) an insulating material rotor (30) rotatable about axis A-A with drive shaft (29) is installed, the stator is evenly distributed around the circumference in its bore and flush with its bore contains metallic contact pieces (45) which assigned to the switch poles (15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22) known from Figures 3 and 4 and are wired into the Kojidensatorkreis analogous to Figures 3 and 4, whereby here the state of charge shown and accordingly the terminals (15) with (16) and (17) with (18) connected and terminals (19) separated from (20) and (21) from (22), and the charging current runs over the rails (14a, l½ ?, while the diode circuit (14c, 14d) remains de-energized because the rotor's contact pieces are instantly set to poles (15,16,17,18) grind, and compare to Fig.3. Connect U1. 9. DC voltage converter system according to claim 8 and Fig. 5 thereby marked that the four metallic ones evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor Switching pieces (46) protrude slightly over the surface to drag the hole of the rotor or its contact pieces (45) to be able to touch, wherein in the insulating rotor (30) with semicircular lines (33) each two diametrical contact pieces ((46) are electrically conductive, i.e. connected with metal wires and in the circuit diagram of Figures 3 and 4 replace the switch blades. lo. DC voltage converter system according to claims 7 to 9 and Fig. 5. characterized in that in the discharge circuit, not shown here, which in Fig. 5. from this state a rotation of the rotor by (45 '>) switches, which Grind rotor slip pieces (46) on the contacts (19, 20, 21, 22) and insofar in the In the sense of Fig. 4, the contact pairs (19, 20) and (21, 22) close the charged energy Laying in the series circuit via the diode circuit (14c, 14d) in the consumer circuit discharged under high voltage U2. 11. DC / DC converter system in the sense of Fig. 5, but modified according to the rotary switch cross-section of Fig. 6, characterized a s s each two rotor contact pieces (46) as a continuous copper rod (46) in a transverse one Rotor bore incorporatedCjio- *. and they are so long that they are in the ßätorbohrung around A-A rotating tangentially to the bore and a connection of transverse contact pieces (46) of Fig. 5. with metal wires (33) omitted, but the two perpendicular to each other lying rods () sit in rotor bores, which are spaced longitudinally from one another must be, which is therefore not visible from the cross-section in Fig. 6, but in Fig.?. is clarified improved. 12. DC voltage converter system according to claims 7. to 11. and FIG. 7, characterized in that in the embodiment of FIG. known contact metal rods (46) as a contact carbon pair (36) with a central point in between Lying bronze coil spring (37) makes contact on two of the - rotor length distanced cross-sectional planes B-B and E-E is distributed and accordingly the from Fig.5. and from the linear switch system of Figures 3. and. 4. derived wiring of the rotary switch to the (z) capacitors in the sense of Fig. 5, 3, 4, analog is carried out and here, for example, the spring-loaded double contact in the discharge phase of the system the switching level B-B Still claim 12. the terminals (21,22) connects, and in the plane E-E the spring-loaded one Double contact of the carbon pair connects the terminals (19, 205, and insofar the capacitor circuit in the sense of Fig. 4. and in the sense of the discharge phase shown here at B-B and E-E the discharge current under maximum voltage via the diode circuit (14c, 14d) to the consumer circuit U2 feeds. 13. DC / DC converter system according to claims 1 to 12, in particular using the rotary switch of claims 1 to 12, which is in the sense of FIGS. 3 and 4 according to FIGS. 5 to 7 in the circuit of the (z) capacitors After further use of the (z-1) diodes, according to Figures 8th, 9th, 10th t indicates that there is a multitude of feasible circuits and situations the rotor spring and carbon pair bores (34,35) the holes (34,35) parallel to each other lie according to cross-section D-D of Fig. 9 as a construction image, in plane B-B instantly the contacts (15,16) connected with 2 coals and a spring and the in level E-E contacts (17, 18) connected to 2 coals and 4 springs, the charging circuit of Fig. 3. define and correspond accordingly in terms of the construction cross-sections of the figures 8th. and 10. the terminals of the contacts (17, 18) are also connected, or in Figures 8 and 10 the contacts (19, 20, 21, 22) are separated and the 't discharge circuit') after Fig. 3. exclude. 14. DC / DC converter system according to FIG. to 10. characterized in that the two holes (34,35) of the planes B-B and E-E also perpendicular and crooked to each other without changing the wiring. 15. DC voltage converter system according to claims 7 to 15. characterized as a rotary switch unit, the switch A variable speed gearbox (48) with a motor (47) in the sense of FIGS. 11 and 12 as the drive. is pre-coupled, the controllable drive adapting the switching frequency smoothly let go. 16. DC voltage converter system according to claims 7 to 15 and according to Figures 11. to 12. characterized in that when using the in the capacitor switch integrated rotary switch as a power source for a technological or medical or environmental biologist or weaponized neutron cannon the same as (27, in a housing (49), which is usually in the form of a circular cross section, can be closed on both sides is interchangeably included and on the opposite of the input (47, 48) Side of the cover (50) on the one hand a lot of switching space for high voltage with the necessary Has facilities, and there also the decoupling nozzle (51) including the stuffing box for the cable (52) lies. 17. DC voltage converter system according to claim 16. and Fig.13 characterized, the cable (52) the high voltage for connecting the capacitors and diodes in the capacitor box (52) goes, from this Easten Wider gland (54) the high voltage and heating low voltage cables (55) of the neutron gun are supplied, namely the nuclear ion accelerator voltage of 0.5 to 20,000 negavolt with negative pole on the anode (64) and with positive pole on the funnel (63) with strips (56, -57 The high voltage to the X-ray tube (58.59) from 0.5 to 5 M volts, and the heating voltage to its cathode as (60), the quickly exchangeable stern of the cannon being the gaseous or forms a bottle (67) filled with medium H or D or He in liquid form; and the energy supply to the rotary switch at (24 to 200 volts = U1) at the socket (68) of the switch housing he follows. 18. DC voltage converter and quantizer system according to claims 2 to 15. and Figures 3. to 12. characterized in that a special application of the reverse principle, namely the generation of low voltage from DC high voltage unknown amount, beorz) t using the switches according to Fig. 3. and 4. or according to Fig. 5. to 12. Equipped for this is the measurement of the voltage of a by other means not differently measurable high and maximum voltage with conventional precise low voltage Still claim 18. measurement systems and devices is carried out in that the series connection of the capacitors with the indeterminable high voltage at a suitable switching frequency used to charge the capacitors and to that extent in the switchover to discharge phase is parceled out with the known circuits of Figures 3 to 12 insofar as the high voltage in question can be read off as an amount (U1), using the same circuit as used in the above claims by using the unknown high voltage charged and after switching to parallel connection without initially increasing the charging energy discharge the side U1 is measured and then as e.g. U1 = U2 the amount of the high voltage U2 results. 19. Voltage trading system for DC voltage according to claims 1. to 18., characterized in that the primary side of the converter or its secondary side, but preferably that side which consists of a plurality of smaller capacitors Capacity and greater current exists, can be switched as a parcelable unit in groups is which can be connected in series in a selectable manner in order to determine the ratio of the To be able to choose DC voltage translation or its reduction from case to case.