DE3510750A1 - Flapping drive system - Google Patents

Abstract

In order better to cope with the dynamic forces which occur in the case of a flapping drive, the flapping surface is split into a number of relatively small and relatively short wings which are driven individually or in groups of slowly-running reversing motors. Both linear and flapping motors as well as muscle-power-operated lever drives are conceivable as reversing motors which, since they operate virtually without any transmission, exhibit a high force-transmission efficiency. Motor forces such as muscle power can be adapted well for this purpose. As a result of splitting a drive into group drives which, incidentally, are compensated with respect to pitching oscillations (as generally occur in the case of flapping wings), as a result of the arrangement into driving wings having a supporting function and control wings, both rigid supporting surfaces and conventional control surfaces under some circumstances become superfluous, as a result of which a considerably improved flight and control behaviour is obtained than in the case of the flying machines which are now normal.

Description

SWING DRIVE SYSTEM

The invention relates to a drive system for relatively slow and light aircraft with swing arm drive, which also use the muscular strength of those on board People can be used, but also supplemented by motor forces or can be replaced, and that at rel. low mass of the drive device.

The propulsion problem of relatively light and slow aircraft is insofar poorly resolved than the propeller drives that were previously used as propellers have significant disadvantages, such as. the rel. large mass of drives with besides poor overall efficiency, adverse effects of the propeller during flight, such as roll moment and propeller twist, their great resistance when switched off Engine, no possibility to use the muscle power of the pilots and much more.

The wings theoretically suitable for slow flight to those There are many inventive proposals that could be dealt with so far using muscle power alone not proven, because on the one hand the power of the pilot to drive with the previously The proposed devices are not sufficient, and on the other hand all have been tried and tested Constructions broke prematurely.

Motorized drives for swing arms, also proposed in large numbers because of the complicated and weight-consuming implementation of the commonly used internal combustion engine power into a reversing power, mostly with crank drives, not proven.

The proposals with pneumatic or hydraulic motors remained So far unsuccessful, especially because these too are large and wide Oscillating surfaces were tried.

The efforts therefore failed mainly because of the large ones Dimensions of swing the occurring vibration mechanical loads in terms of strength could not be intercepted with the materials given at the time, see the Crashes of the swing arm planes of Brustmann-Lippiscb, Emiele Hartman and many others, especially with these wings that work from the arm joint with large spans there is always the risk of the tips of the swingarms touching the ground existed near the ground.

It is true that a number was suggested earlier instead of a few of smaller wings should be provided, according to DRP 146739 and 270699, but none seem to have shown promising approaches to the arrangements that have become known, obviously because these are complicated and heavy, driven by rotating motors Had power transmissions.

The invention is based on the object of a swing drive for rel. to create slow and light aircraft with the lowest possible mass offers high short-term services for take-off and climbing and with the one for the MarschElug but also the muscular strength of the pilots can be used.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the required Wing surface is broken down into a number of smaller and shorter wings, which are lined up as drive groups, each separate from reversing motors are driven, which ultimately also include the human muscles.

When designing the individual drives, it was assumed that that these become lighter and more effective, the less mechanics and gears, Especially on crank drives, gears and the like., Is necessary. That's how fast-moving ones are right now Motors that require high gear ratios for swing drive are very unfavorable.

A muscle power drive in particular has a simple denominator bring because the existing rel. weak muscle forces as effectively as possible must be implemented in swing thrust.

A surprisingly simple solution was found here, in which the Back and forth movement of the oscillating surfaces by pedaling in the same cycle or hand-Hsbel is effected.

By means of cables or rods, according to the invention, with little gearbox and thus transferring the muscle power to the swing arm with little loss of mass will.

For climbing and even starting you have to rely on additional strength be. Now, according to this invention, it is surprisingly easy to apply this muscle power drive to adapt additional motor forces. Surprisingly, they are relatively suitable for this slow-running reversing motors, ie. Linear or swivel motors that are self-actuating #. reversed with limit switches, use the pedal or hand lever in time. The motor Force attack can take place at different points on the muscle force transmission line, see Figs. 1 and 2. By appropriate devices for coupling, hanging devices on cables, magnetic couplings on the centrifugal shafts, the additional drives Switch on and off, so that those that are not in operation during pure muscle power operation Reversiernt'c1: motors have to be dragged along when idling, which is a considerable Would mean a loss of the available muscle power.

As a direct drive of the reversing devices, as mentioned with conventional internal combustion engines is highly unfavorable, at best with special free piston engines, it is preferred here to use combination drives, e.g. Diesel-electric, gasoline engine-pneumatic Or the like. To use with which a storable intermediate form of energy is obtained can be.

For very light aircraft it is only cheaper to use the loaded memory take with you, which have to be refueled on the ground.

In this case it depends more on rel. short-term higher starting and increase performance than on a long continuous performance which yes, the meaning of the invention accordingly, can essentially be applied by the muscular strength of the pilot.

This is why these secondary forms of energy were used as energy for the reversing drives chosen because this makes it easier to adjust these drives, as it is not uncommon for several these reversing drives must act independently of one another.

Of course, a rel. smaller, from an internal combustion engine driven compressor or generator) next to the energy storage device, whose continuous output is just enough for a good cruise flight.

The advantages of this invention are compared to what is common today Internal combustion engine propeller drive 'a significant improvement in power-to-weight ratio of the drive and a reduction in noise such as vibration exposure of the aircraft.

With pure storage power propulsion is the pure engine flight action area rel. low, but this is largely compensated for by the muscle strength the pilot can be used for the cruise flight. In non-propulsion gliding the glide angle is much more favorable than with a corresponding propeller glider.

The following exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawings and described in the following: Fig. 1 shows the basic diagram of one with muscle power actuated lever drive (1), which ergonomically converts muscle power into a reversing force formed, which works in the same cycle as the rocker (2). In the present case attack the foot levers on a revolving cable (3) on which similar devices (4) the muscular strength of other people on board, but also motor skills Forces in the manner of reversing motors (S) can be supplied.

Fig.2 shows a similar rocker drive device in which but the cable pull (3) over cable pulleys up to a driver wheel (6), which is on the central shaft (7) sits, acts on which the rockers (2) are attached. In this fig. Is also shown like a powerful reversing motor <5), e.g. a free piston motor (8), to the central shaft (7) can be switched on with the help of clutches (9). Through this clutch this prevents the muscle power lever drive (1) from being switched off if necessary Reversing motors (S) must drag along when idling.

Fig. 3 shows a swing drive, in which largely the mass and pitching vibrations that occur with single vibrations are eliminated. In this The central shaft (7) turns the drive group into two pairs of vanes, like a dragonfly, rotating in opposite directions moved out of the arm joint. Two pinions lying one behind the other are engaged two pairs of gears in the form that the central shaft pinion once engages on the right and the other on the left gear of the gear pairs, to which the rockers (2) are attached. With adjustable limit switches (10) can the oscillation amplitude can be set in the case of a motorized drive.

Fig. 4 shows another version with two pairs of swing arms rotating in opposite directions, but they run a parallel post here.

Here are the rockers (2) in a closed square cable (11) suspended in roller cages (12). By the reversing motors of the type mentioned-n the rocker arm (2) alternately moves up and down.

In this arrangement there are no more gears and the like, whereby the power transmission efficiency is particularly high, since only bearing and rope friction occur. This arrangement also has the advantage that the swing are dynamically less stressed than with arms working from the arm joint and the risk of contact with the ground near the ground is lower.

Fig. 5 shows a control rocker (13) according to the basic principle.

Here (eiye single rocker (2) is the mass-wise by a counterweight is balanced by a separate and finely adjustable reversing motor (5), e.g. for side steering> actuated.

For example, if a left control rocker (13) is put into operation, it gives up the left side more thrust and a right turn is initiated; and vice versa.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show schematically examples of possible forms of application of the swing drives according to the invention: FIG. 6 shows the normal configuration of a present-day aircraft with a rigid wing and tail unit1 on the swing arm group of the claimed type are arranged as pure drive wings.

Fig. 7 shows a two-engine design in which the swing arm groups are provided on the fixed leaves. With this, for example. Gliders afterwards be provided with auxiliary drives that are favorable for gliding.

Fig. 8 shows a pure multi-wing swing arm aircraft.

Since swing fundamentally, and both as drive and control swing, can always have a supporting effect if they are employed accordingly it makes sense to do without the usual rigid wings and rudder altogether.

So in Figure 8 is a number of drive rocker groups (15) along the Aircraft axis divided in terms of drive. Through a differentiated energetic The height control is enabled when the drive arm groups (15) are acted upon.

Instead of rudders and trim surfaces, the control surfaces (13) in action.

SWING ARM DRIVE SYSTEM List of the reference symbols used 1 - muscle power lever drive 2 - rocker arm 3 - cable 4 - additional muscle power 5 - Reversing motor 6 - Driving wheel 7 - Central shaft 8 - Free piston motor 9 - Clutch 10 - limit switch 11 - circulating cable 12 - roller cage 13 - control arm 14 - counterweight 15 - Drive groups - blank page -

Claims (9)

SWINGING DRIVE 5SYSTEM Patent claims 1. Swing drive thereby characterized in that the necessary swing area in a number of smaller and shorter swing is divided, which individually or in groups of rel. slow running reversing motors are driven, their amplitude if necessary is adjustable. 2. reversing drives according to claim 1, characterized in that as such a pivoting range having foot or hand-operated levers that are attached to rotating cables or rods, are arranged. 3. reversing drive according to claim 1, characterized in that as such fluid-mechanical ReveAiermotore, such as lift-pull cylinder or swing motors are provided. 4. reversing drives according to claim 1, characterized in that are provided as such free piston internal combustion engines. 5. swing according to claim 1, characterized in that a rigid connected pair of swing arms is attached to a reversing shaft. 6. Swing arm arrangement according to claim 1, for propulsion, characterized in that that this consists of two counter-rotating pairs of arms coupled to one another. 7. rocker arm according to claim 1, which is provided for controlling, characterized characterized in that it is designed as a single-leaf rocker. 8. Group drives from the rockers according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a number of such oscillations on a common Drive shaft or line lined up and from a drive according to the claims 2 to 4 is driven. 9. Height control with the rocker according to claims 5, 6 and 8, characterized in that the rocker groups arranged one behind the other increasing or decreasing energetically differentiated.