DE3505601A1 - Process and apparatus for regulating the temperature in rooms to be temperature-controlled - Google Patents

Abstract

For the diversely advantageous and therefore optimum regulation of the room temperature of a plurality of rooms by radiators or cooling devices with individual mass flow, respectively regulated at the radiators or cooling devices in dependence of the actual room temperature on a set room temperature by means of automatic throttle devices, of the heat-carrier medium, each deviation, dictated by, for example, structural conditions, climatic zone, weather conditions and/or user-related heat loads, of the difference between the feed temperature and the return temperature of the heat-carrier medium from a set-value band, which is predetermined by a greater and a smaller set value and is intended to constitute the permissible size of this temperature difference, is eliminated by correcting the heat and cold output supplied to the heating and coolant feeds. For this purpose there is provided a regulating device having adjustable set-value transmitters for in each case an upper and lower set value of a set-value band of the feed/return temperature difference, having a device which is connected to measuring devices for feed and return temperature and is intended for detecting the feed/return temperature difference, having a comparison device for establishing the deviation of this temperature difference above the upper and/or below the lower limit of its set-value band, and having a control-command transmitter for the heat and cold output supplied to the heating and coolant feeds.

Description

Method and device

for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered The invention relates according to a first superordinate concept of the invention to a method for Regulation of the temperature in rooms to be tempered by radiators or cooling devices, in which via automatically acting throttle devices provided on these the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a Set room temperature is regulated, and is according to a second superordinate inventive concept on a device for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered Via flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a heat generator connected radiators or connected to a cold generator Cooling devices with automatically acting throttle devices provided on them, by means of which the in the respective radiator or the respective cooling device incoming mass flow of the heat transfer medium depending on the actual room temperature can be regulated from a target room temperature, with a device for measuring via Temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or coolant flow (Flow temperature) and a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in which the individual mass flows flowing through the individual radiators or cooling devices the same summarizing return line (return temperature) and a device to determine the difference between these two temperatures and a control device, by which, depending on this, from the measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determined temperature difference the supply or removal of thermal energy to or can be influenced by the heat transfer medium, directed, which is preferably for carrying out the method according to the first superordinate inventive concept should be suitable.

Here, the term “tempering” includes both heating and also the cooling of rooms, which in turn are lounges for people or Animals or storage rooms for sensitive goods or machines or equipment, such as computers or the like, or can also be rooms, in which certain treatments on dead matter or on living beings, -as for example Bacteria or virus cultures or the like are to be made that are in such cases are usually referred to as breeding rooms. Be accordingly such rooms either through radiators connected to a heat generator or else tempered by cooling devices connected to a cold generator, these Radiators or cooling devices each with automatically acting throttling devices are equipped for the mass flow of the heat transfer medium entering them.

In the case of living rooms to be heated for people, the Temperature in these by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating flow (Flow temperature) on the one hand and by regulating the room temperature on the other influenced. The adaptation of the flow temperature of the heating network to the heat demand of a room or house to be heated is achieved by a so-called outside temperature or weather-compensated flow temperature control, depending on the outside temperature detected by an outside temperature sensor with the help of an as zHeating curve z, the corresponding flow temperature is selected will. In doing so, every effort is made to place the heating curve in such a way that all automatic throttling devices of the radiators connected to the heating network, which are preferably designed in the form of the widespread thermostatic radiator valves can be, which usually contain an expansion regulator, in their control range work. However, this results in considerable deviations between the target characteristic and the characteristic curve set by the heating installer. Experience has shown that it maintains namely the heating installer, since on the one hand the non-linear dependence of the Outside temperature from the flow temperature only through a family of heating curves is to be reproduced, with him the individual relation to the outside temperature and flow temperature is not known, and on the other hand also other heating system-specific and / or by the peculiarities of the room or house to be heated as a whole influencing factors due to a large number of rooms must be taken into account as a precaution to choose a high characteristic to ensure that the flow temperature is sufficient is high to even under extreme operating conditions, the one hand by extreme Fluctuations in the outside temperature and, on the other hand, due to extreme demands the room temperature and, last but not least, unfavorable ones not known to him in detail Properties of the building and / or the heating system forming the rooms to be heated especially with regard to heat losses through heat dissipation and / or radiation on the one hand and / or heat absorption through, for example, solar radiation on the other hand, and possibly this too still at the same time regarding different located rooms can be conditional to ensure the desired room temperatures. Apart from the fact that this is the assessment of the type of heating curve required is left to the heating installer, regardless of any possibility subsequent correction adjustment with regard to its quality solely from that Depending on individual experience, experience has shown that it is not even this way a useful approximation of the actual individual circumstances fair target characteristic can be achieved, rather are often even considerable Error due to incorrect assessment of the steepness of the characteristic curve and its zero point the consequence.

Another shortcoming is the poor adjustment system. Apart from that from the fact that often an adaptation of the heating curve to the conditions in the over the heating system with thermal energy is not possible at all is, it is necessary to know the behavior for setting the respective heating curve of the entire heating system with regard to the dependency of its individual operating parameters the relevant external influencing variables over at least two heating periods, d. H. two to three years, essential. This is how the optimization adjustment takes place the heating curve difficult and tedious, and the adverse consequences of this are unnecessarily high standstill and radiation losses of both the heat generator, z. B. a boiler, as well as the pipes of the heating network. Is disadvantageous also that outside temperature-independent influencing variables, such as ventilation habits the residents, the sunshine through window surfaces or the waste heat from electricity Devices such as B. from refrigerators, electric stoves or copiers or the like, with known weather-compensated flow temperature controls even with relatively precisely set heating curves cannot be taken into account due to the system.

It can be seen that such known flow temperature controls with regard to the room temperature it is a matter of pure controls, since feedback from the Room temperature is missing.

As part of the individual room temperature control, you therefore have to individual influencing of the room temperature in the individual rooms of the radiators each assigned an automatically acting throttle device, which is in the respective radiator entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function regulates the actual room temperature from a target room temperature. This automatically acting throttle devices can be used as a combination of a radiator valve with formed on this acting control device with setpoint generator, temperature sensor and controller be, however, it has been referred to collectively as a radiator thermostat Thermostatic radiator valves found widespread acceptance, mostly as Expansion regulator or as an expansion regulator with an encapsulated and gas-filled one Corrugated tubular body formed expansion body are executed. These work automatically Throttle devices regulate the room temperature automatically, with the Mass flow of the heat transfer medium flowing through the respective radiator itself a function of the control deviation, the flow temperature, of the entire heating system prevailing pressure and, last but not least, special parameters of the thermostatic valve is, however, they are proportionally acting controllers and can regulate the room temperature because of the remaining system deviation in the order of magnitude of in unfavorable cases even up to 6 K only imprecisely adjust to the desired temperature value. These occur due to the system when the empirically selected heating curve due to unfavorable Design or choice or due to outside influences not the actual offer corresponds to thermal energy.

This not infrequently leads to the need to have to ventilate, which in turn tends to lead again to energy losses which, according to experience, are not insignificant.

And that records the automatically acting throttle devices working individual regulation of each with a radiator with such a throttle device the outside temperature or temperature acting on it or in it.

weather-independent external influences of the type described above, However the flow temperature is not optimal due to the system, d. H.

in any case on a value that is too high. This results the undesirable boiler and pipeline losses. Namely, both are principally depending on the arithmetic average of the temperature of the flow line and the Temperature of. Return line, which in turn is essentially determined by the Flow temperature. If the flow temperature is selected too high here, what about an outside temperature or weather-compensated flow temperature control for reasons reliable operation of all rooms with the necessary heat energy replenishment is preferred, experience has shown that there are considerable energy losses over the Operating time.

In order to remedy this at least to a certain extent, one already has so-called room temperature correction connections are provided.

For these, a room thermostat is provided in a reference room, the actual room temperature of the same, which is subject to all the prevailing influences measures and ensures that when the target room temperature is in this reference room is reached or exceeded, the flow temperature is reached by switching off the boiler is withdrawn, while on the other hand a switch-on signal for the boiler from this room thermostat remains as long as there is a difference between The actual room temperature and the target room temperature of this reference room are measured.

Apart from the need for additional cabling between reference room thermostat and boiler control (flow temperature control) inconvenience related to labor and / or required assembly time and / or accumulation of dirt and in particular also from all other aspects mentioned Such a room temperature correction activation is not inconsiderable costs also unsatisfactory for reasons inherent in the own system. On the one hand, namely is already dependent on the amount of the respective change in the flow temperature on the deviation of the reference room actual temperature from the reference room setpoint temperature nothing other than to choose empirically is subject to so basically the possibility of not inconsiderable errors already in the choice of the dependency the flow temperature from the mentioned reference room temperature deviation, and on the other hand, one is faced with the practically insoluble difficulty of selection of the reference space itself. Namely, what will be sufficient for reasons of security Thermal energy supplies to all other rooms would be recommended as a reference room a generally relatively cool room or a room with comparatively high heat loss is selected, on the one hand the flow temperature for the individual requirement the other poorer - especially for reasons of the external influences described - Rooms chosen too high and can be practically in those rooms that occur there Do not use external influences to lower the flow temperature. Will however as a reference room, a relatively warm room or a room with relatively selected low heat loss, it cannot be ruled out that in particular due to external influences of the type described, but possibly also outside temperature or weather-related influences, such as a cold snap, the other rooms are undersupplied. Such a condition is of course highly undesirable and, moreover, does not allow the individual consideration of the outside influences that are independent of the outside temperature or the weather. In both In some cases, the necessary consequence is a system-related unavoidable waste of thermal energy.

These problems are therefore 'at best for heating in principle relatively evenly warm rooms or an extremely small number of different room temperature correction switching of a known type suitable for warm rooms even more serious when it comes to the heating behavior for a large number of rooms, such as the multiple rooms with different temperature requirements having apartments of an apartment building, in the aforementioned sense too optimize. The additional problem here is which of the apartments should receive a reference space or if each should receive a reference space for themselves should. which of the individual reference rooms with regard to its room target / actual temperature deviation Should have priority. Apart from the fact that such a correction activation is a would require the most complex and costly priority logic, it could use the practically hardly meet the expectations to be set in them, because this is a prerequisite that there would have been an agreement in advance on the permissible extent of the reference room target / actual temperature deviation was hit. If this is not the case, then, for the same reasons, as explained above for the case of a single apartment with several rooms, A preliminary decision will be made as to whether the least or the the reference room set to the greatest target / actual temperature deviation for changing the flow temperature. Under these circumstances however, it is more likely to be recommended for the majority of types and numbers of applications be able to do without such a room temperature correction connection at all.

In the face of these manifold difficulties, one already has on tried different ways to achieve a real regulation of the heat energy supply in Realize depending on needs. For this one has tried out individual for the operating behavior of the heating process determining variables, such as the return temperature in addition to that which has always been used as a control variable Flow temperature and / or the difference between flow and return temperature, if applicable arbitrarily taking into account your size and influence systematics assumed influencing variables, such as one or the other of the above Outside temperature or weather-independent external influencing variables, regularities to abstract from which it is to be expected that they will be as accurate as possible the conditions that arise with the natural behavior of the heating system as close as possible.

For this purpose, one with a Boiler with burner working in on-off mode and downstream of the boiler Mixer-operated heating system tries to make one by simplifying assumptions to set up a mathematical algorithm for treatment in a microcomputer is so suitable that the mixer setting can be controlled by means of it, with this algorithm manages with only temperature values that are easy to operate are to be measured. This algorithm aims to create a way of being dependent the difference between the flow and return temperatures has an influence on the mixer setting and thus to be able to take the heat output fed into the heating system, the product of a constant, the difference between the flow temperature and the actual room temperature as well as the difference between the target room temperature and the actual room temperature. Apart from the fact that such an algorithm is valid at most in a very high degree can have a limited range is the deviation of the room temperature from the the room temperature setpoint set on the thermostatic valve of the room heater another variable so that it is not possible to regulate the mixer position and thus the flow temperature using the difference between the flow and return temperatures to undertake. Therefore, this well-known proposal is one after the difference to introduce a normalized temperature difference between the flow temperature and the actual room temperature, which is then only the product of the constants mentioned and the difference in Set room temperature and the actual room temperature, i.e. the deviation of the measured Room temperature from the setpoint temperature. From this follows - naturally always taking into account the underlying simplifying assumptions and in the resulting narrow scope - a proportionality between the flow temperature and the straight-line link between these two temperatures, which represents the return temperature. So this well-known proposal wants the flow temperature and thus the amount of control the heat energy supplied or the heat output.

Apart from the fact that the constants that determine this relationship are free are to be chosen without there being any logical reference points, whereby the This control algorithm determining curve steepness without any claim to only approximate correspondence with the actual operation of a heating system occurring conditions must be chosen arbitrarily, one can be above this Neither start up the algorithm-controlled heating system nor in an operating state, in which the supplied thermal energy is approximately the consumption required by the system work in a sufficiently stable manner. From a principle point of view, it must such an operating mode leads to positive feedback and thus control oscillations, which, according to this known proposal, is allegedly suitable by not described Measures in the program of the microcomputer are to be prevented. Even if Should this be possible, this could at best be again very narrowly limited Control ranges apply and this would entail the entire control behavior even further depending on the heating system, climate zone, location, building physics and user habits different e-functions following real behavior of such a heating system deviates.

Another well-known practice called regulation tried to counter these disadvantages in that in a heating system that has a Boiler or a heat pump is supplied with thermal energy, the flow temperature is changed so that the difference between the flow and return temperatures a predetermined target value is maintained, this target value in turn as a function the return temperature is specified and constant with increasing return temperature can remain or preferably increase linearly. The change in the operation The difference between the flow and return temperatures is set via a Change of the flow temperature, while the return temperature has the function of Takes over the reference variable. To adjust the flow temperature accordingly, in an embodiment of this known heating system with one in on-off operation working boiler and this downstream three-way mixer the mixer setting changed and in another embodiment of this known Heating system with also discontinuously working boiler without downstream Multi-way mixer clocked the supply of operating energy to the boiler's burner interrupted or resumed. To avoid the starting difficulties of the the first known heating system described is below a specified return temperature, i.e. in a specified start-up range, with a constant setpoint for the flow temperature drove. For this it is necessary to have one of the difference in the flow line to switch on the flow and return temperature dependent flow control valve and downstream of this flow and return line with a back mixing line to connect, in which a constant flow throttle is arranged. on the other hand it is also possible to have the return temperature below a specified value the difference between the flow and return temperatures should not be reduced linearly, what - as described above - is done by keeping the flow temperature constant, it is given by the difference between the flow and return temperatures To keep the setpoint constant. In all cases, it then takes place for above the The limit value of the return temperature marking the end of the heating process lying values of the same an increasing tracking of the by the difference of Flow and return temperature given setpoint.

Obviously, this known solution bypasses the inability of the first described known proposal to be able to start the heating system, namely by the fact that here consciously on a regulation or control-technical Influencing the system is dispensed with for the duration of the start-up process, rather an arbitrarily chosen behavior is given for this. For the state started operation of the heating system, however, this known solution in essentially the same disadvantageous properties as the one previously described known suggestion. Here, too, there is a linear dependence of the setpoint value of the Feedback size, namely the return temperature here, arbitrary forced and their function-determining constants, namely base amount and steepness, likewise arbitrarily and without any recognizable logical reference to natural ones Operating values or properties of the heating system are specified. The necessary consequence before this, too, there is an undesirable positive feedback behavior that can hardly be controlled nervous vibrational reactions, for the sake of designing them known solution over the entire operating range of the return temperature. the this known conception underlying assumption that with increasing return temperature the difference between the flow and return temperatures should also always increase and vice versa, or else it could remain constant, is at most for stationary Consideration is valid in the actual operating behavior of a heating system, that is always dynamic, however, it is the rule that this assumed relationship not true, so definitely comparatively lower at higher return temperatures Temperature differences between flow and return can occur and vice versa at relatively low return temperatures even very high differences between Flow and return temperatures can be recorded. And this is exactly what leads to those unwanted positive feedback in the operating behavior. And it can still be seen this known solution cannot be used universally. For example for heat pumps or for boilers working in on-off mode with none or only a small amount Submission of heat transfer medium and correspondingly low heat storage capacity is this known solution useless. The embodiment of this known solution with Influencing the supply of operating energy to the discontinuously operating burner, which should get by without a multi-way mixer, is basically limited to a certain minimum heat storage capacity and can only work extremely unsatisfactorily even if they are present. If, for example, due to an increased heat requirement, the large number of Radiator opened for a larger amount of heat transfer medium to flow through, this results in an increasing return temperature and thus a decreasing one Measured value of the temperature difference between forward and reverse. According to the conception of this known solution, this means a requirement of more Thermal energy from the boiler. However, this must work on its memory and can only release the required thermal energy (heat output) when its storage is sufficiently charged. It is not uncommon, however, to note that the parameters of the heating system have changed during this charging time so that now the previous requirement is no longer needed or the storage is now its charged one Thermal energy can no longer be released. This also leads to an unfavorable control behavior to not inconsiderable energy losses with corresponding inefficiency the operation of such a known heating system.

Furthermore, for a heating system of the generic type with a Boiler as a heat generator with an on-off burner with over a microcomputer controlled supply of its operating energy, which also nor the flow line and the return line via a built-in Overflow valve provided as a limiter for the mass flow flowing in the supply line Overflow in connection, it has been proposed to use a relatively Complicated calculation algorithm, which accordingly is also a somewhat expensive one Implementation in the microcomputer conditional, from the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, which is also optionally available with a gain factor can be multiplied in order to implement day and night control can, by adding one, the minimum flow temperature caused by the boiler the value representing a setpoint for the flow temperature and to compare this with the measured actual value of the same and upon determination to readjust the actual value in the event of a discrepancy between the two by switching the burner on and off, it is assumed that the night control of the burner is opposite its day control determining gain factor with which the difference of The flow and return temperatures are multiplied, a building-specific setting size is. Although this is also known Solution a linear one Dependence of the flow temperature on the return temperature as well as the difference of flow and return temperature of the return temperature with all already adverse consequences described in connection with the other known solutions results, the effect of this known solution is different from that of the last described. Here the overflow valve connected between the flow and return lines enforces a practically constant mass flow in the radiator circuit by always if at least one of the thermostatic radiator valves due to a change of the heat demand in the assigned room, one of the forced Reduction of the mass flow of the heat transfer medium corresponding proportion compulsorily Via the overflow valve directly into the boiler inlet belonging to the return is fed back. But this means here that in such cases there is too much heat available the return temperature would not drop to the radiators as it did before described known solution, but here because of the feed of the lead portion rises via the overflow valve. The consequence of this is that the flow temperature is here withdrawn for rising return temperatures and not for falling return temperatures must become.

Although this known solution tries from the fact that the mass flow in the radiator circuit is practically impossible to control with the before to get rid of the disadvantageous consequences resulting from the known solutions described, that this mass flow is inevitably kept constant, but this has to be paid for known solution to this through a dangerous recursion of their underlying calculation algorithm. This namely provides that from the measured values of flow temperature and return temperature a setpoint for the flow temperature is generated and then with this setpoint the actual value of the flow temperature that is actually set is compared. If there is a deviation, the actual value of the flow temperature is at its setpoint to be adjusted by switching the burner on and off. But this generates itself from the underlying algorithm necessarily a new setpoint for the Flow temperature. In other words, every rule change automatically entails a new setpoint for the flow temperature. But this necessarily leads to instabilities of the entire scheme. This systemic disadvantage can also The further suggestion of this known solution does not provide a remedy, the formation of the difference from the flow and return temperatures in the circulation time of the heat transfer medium periodic intervals and not immediately. This known solution thus achieved despite their caused by the overflow valve and its assembly Neither the set goal nor a useful advantage over it the other known solutions.

All these known solutions also have in common that they are im Principle do not represent real regulations, because they use to form their respective setpoints always the feedback size by corresponding to the respective the calculation algorithm used this feedback variable for the formation of the setpoint becomes decisive. But that means nothing else than that the target value is always dependent on the size of the feedback and thus its generation is a function the actual state of the heating system, in other words the setpoint is always adjusted in the sense that it lags behind the respective actual value. One Regulation, however, is determined by the fact that what is actual value and what is defined for it The setpoint is, therefore, the setpoint always distinguishable from the actual value and independent has to be, because only in this way there is a deviation of the actual value from the setpoint regulate the elimination of the same; In this sense, however, represent all known Solutions are not regulators, but rather controls, using them as feedback variables do not use any kind of independent information from the heating system, but sizes that actually do not provide any real information about the heat demand of the to be heated building are suitable, but which are pseudo-empirical Connections are grafted on, which in turn also still - as above already outlined - at best approximations to the actual Functional behavior with each other according to the respective assumed algorithmic link with all corresponding errors caused by approximations. This thus Known solutions that only represent controls thus turn out to be in many ways Even with regard to the well-known outside temperature or weather-compensated controls still inferior. It is well known that the latter do not work particularly economically, However, they are not subject - like the known solutions described without guidance about the outside temperature - the dreaded and practically unavoidable Feedback behavior that excludes the necessary stability of a control. If namely, for example, due to additional heat supply by one or several of the outside temperature or weather-independent external influences described with the known solutions without outside temperature control, the actual value of the reference variable, such as the flow temperature or the difference between flow and return temperature, increases, the setpoint for the variable in question is also automatically increased, what due to the underlying functional linkage of setpoint and feedback variable in turn leads to such a change in the feedback size, which in turn leads to a further change the setpoint in the same direction. But this a positive feedback would be unavoidable against the breaking out of the regulation would result. In the opposite case, for example if there is an additional heat requirement for example through suddenly opened windows or a strong cold snap or the like, the feedback size would require a reduction in the heat supply and, due to their functional link with the setpoint, lower it by as The consequence of this, for its part, is to decrease and thereby an adjustment of the setpoint depending on their own change and in the same sense as the same too force. The result would be that with these known solutions without outside temperature control the entire heating system inevitably in an operating state with constantly switched off The heat generator is running and no longer has the option of resuming itself or Induce increase in heat input to yourself.

And finally, what all these known solutions have in common is that they do not apply to all types of heating systems, as simultaneously for such with continuously fired heat generator or discontinuously fired or operated heat generator with or without storage tank and / or with or without a downstream Multi-way mixers, and certainly not suitable for * cooling systems.

For the sake of completeness, it should also be mentioned that these are known Solutions each specify one possibility, from a day-to-day operation to one To switch to night mode, however, none of them are suitable for it, strong to meet different heat requirements in individual rooms, such as in a certain room via the radiator or radiators assigned to it a special one maintain high temperature in the sense of a comfort mode, while others Rooms are to be kept at a comparatively very low temperature. Although they have automatic throttling devices of the radiators assigned to the individual rooms each has its own setpoint adjuster for the respective room temperature, but experience has shown that Heating systems according to these known solutions do not optimally run a heating system driving in which a very high temperature in one room or in a large number of rooms and in another room or a multitude of such other rooms thereof essential different lower temperatures are to be maintained because at these known controls, even if they are referred to as regulators, the entire system can only be designed for one operating state. In such a In the case of design for a normal heat requirement, for example Operation that always limits the maximum in any room to be heated achievable or maintainable room temperature can be achieved in a certain framework, which is determined by the adjustment range of the individual setpoint adjuster for the room temperature is specified, the room temperature is different in the individual rooms but in such cases it is not possible to use a room or several rooms keeping a very high temperature (comfort mode for this room resp.

these rooms), such as in the living area for rooms with sick or convalescent users or in the industrial sector for special Breeding rooms with a breeding function may be the case.

A design for such comfort operation is known in these In principle, solutions are not possible. But through this there is also every possibility for one in the interest of the greatest possible universality of the customization options to plant-specific and / or building-specific as well as climatic zone and / or location-dependent and, in particular, user-specific parameters, which are desirable in and of themselves of an operating mode that accepts higher heat losses, but is in one room or several or all rooms maintaining an essential allows higher temperature, for example as a night reduction or Frost protection operation to be designated, the in times of low heat demand Guaranteed minimal heat loss in the rooms concerned, with or without one or several intermediate operating stage (s) in these known solutions locked out.

The invention is therefore based on the object with simple and inexpensive means while avoiding the disadvantages of those known for heating Solutions one as needed for both heating and cooling independently of the type of heat or cold generator with continuous or discontinuous Operation and regardless of whether the heating or cooling output corresponds to the heating or coolant upstream heat transfer medium continuously or discontinuously is supplied, equally usable way to create the room temperatures a large number of rooms to be heated or cooled individually to maintain a desired value, optimally in the sense that advantages not only with regard to the universality of the applicability for one-pipe or two-pipe heating or cooling with or without continuously or discontinuously working Multi-way mixers, but also of an economic nature with a view to simplification in particular of production, warehousing, distribution, low cost price, Simplification of assembly, expansion of the technical field of application and retrofitting and finally also of a technical nature can be achieved by starting with the initial creation a heating or cooling system according to the invention planning and use of the control device should be possible in such a way that for the first time already at this stage an intended one Expansion or future conversions planned for any reason, such as For example, retrofitting a heat pump or cooling machine Consideration for a different type of heat or cold generator originally intended can be taken, or retrofitting an air conditioning system in addition to an existing heating system or, conversely, an additional heating system to an existing cooling system or the use of one for winter operation existing heating system as a cooling system working in summer becomes, whereby in all cases with considerable work and dirt-like burdens Associated retrofitting work with regard to cable laying, etc. largely avoidable meant to be. At the same time, the possibility should be given at any time as desired of an operating mode that maintains a very high or high temperature during heating. for cooling at very low temperatures in one room or in several or all of the Heating or cooling system connected rooms guaranteed, with or without Interposition of an operating state or several operating states with Lower heating or higher achievable room temperature with cooling, however also lower heat losses through heat or cold dissipation and / or radiation to be able to switch to an operating mode in which, due to heating, is very lower or when the required room temperatures are very high, the heat losses are minimal can be held.

The invention makes this surprisingly easier and more economical Way achieved in that according to the on a method for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered by radiators or cooling devices, in which about intended for this automatically acting throttle devices the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a Target room temperature is regulated, directed first superordinate inventive idea each by, for example, structural conditions, climatic zone, weather conditions and / or user-related heat loads caused deviation of the difference between the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or coolant flow (Flow temperature) and the temperature of the heat transfer medium Sn of the individual Individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through radiators or cooling devices summarizing return line (return temperature) from a setpoint band for the permissible size of this temperature difference, that is, for all between them Allowable sizes of differences between the flow and return temperatures lying between the two limits of the heat transfer medium, which by a larger and a smaller setpoint this Temperature difference is specified by correcting the in the heating or cooling medium heating or cooling power fed in is eliminated. In doing so, in continuation the invention expediently a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of the specified setpoint range by reducing and deviating this temperature difference below the lower one Limit the specified setpoint band by increasing the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power can be eliminated.

The on a device for regulating the temperature in to be tempered Clearance through flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a Radiators connected to heat generators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a Target room temperature can be regulated is, with a device for measurement the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or cooling medium flow (flow temperature) and a device for measuring the temperature of the Heat transfer medium in which the individual radiators or

Cooling devices flowing through the same summarizing individual mass flows Return line (return temperature) and a device for determining the difference these two temperatures as well as a control device through which a function from this from the measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determined temperature difference the supply or removal of thermal energy to the or can be influenced by the heat transfer medium, characterizes directed inventive concept through a control device with adjustable setpoint generators for one each upper and a lower limit of a target value band of the difference between the flow and Return temperature forming upper and lower setpoints of the same and one above an impulse line with which in turn a measurement line with the facilities for the measurement of flow and return temperature connected device for determination the comparison device connected to the difference between the flow and return temperatures to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range and with one via a control line with a device for influencing the in the Control command generator connected to the heating or coolant flow fed in.

It should be emphasized here that the concept of the limit of the target value band the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, namely the upper as well as the lower limit of the same, a magnitude of the same Temperature difference is to be understood, referring to the definition as Resulting difference between flow temperature and return temperature of the heat transfer medium positive or negative sign doesn't matter. Deviation over the upper limit of the target value band accordingly always means a deviation from a larger amount the difference of flow and return temperature and a deviation a deviation to a smaller amount below the lower limit of the target value band this temperature difference. A particularly advantageous consequence of this is that after for the first time a solution that was previously not thought possible for the self in heating mode and the problem that arises in cooling mode is suggested, this solution also by a common method for both heating and cooling and a correspondingly designed device is released, and that moreover in that, according to the invention, it only applies to the magnitude of the reference variable physical quantity used for regulation in the form of the difference between flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium arrives, any implementation errors or incorrect routing of impulses in the course of the further processing of measured values of the relevant temperature variables become largely insignificant.

It can be seen that the invention provides a possibility for the first time is created to be able to lead a heating process in such a way that a real regulation with a setpoint that is independent of a feedback variable, whereby after the Conception of the invention, the function of the setpoint is not about a constant or even tracked in some form according to some kind of dependency Value of one of the physical quantities that determine the heating process, but rather is specified in the form of a target value band, specifically this in form one by an upper limit and a lower limit of the difference in flow and return temperature of a certain setpoint range. In addition, the conception of the Invention for the first time the possibility of using the same process steps and the same Means such a real scheme in practically full universality regardless the type of construction of the heating system, in particular with regard to the type of To realize generation or introduction of the required heat output, whereby it is basically irrelevant whether, for example, the heat generator is used as a continuous one or a boiler designed for on-off operation with or without heat storage serving heat transfer medium Template as well as with or without a downstream Multi-way mixing device or designed as a correspondingly designed heat pump is. It should be emphasized that the invention is not just a first time equally suitable for cooling systems, but actually opposite to them Heating systems brings even greater advantages. Already the elimination of the Disadvantages of known solutions for the operation of heating systems described above by the invention represents a significant further development of the technology on the The area of heating, however, all of the generic ones apply to a heating system Art outlined considerations in an even more serious degree for cooling.

The main reason for this is that refrigerators, if they are designed as compression refrigeration machines driven by electrical energy are, a COP of 2 to 3 and, if they are gas and / or diesel powered operated compression or absorption refrigeration machines are a Have a coefficient of performance or a heat ratio of 0.4 to 0.6, while corresponding Heat generators have a coefficient of performance or a heat ratio that in principle is larger by 1. But that means that basically a heat pump always has one has better thermal efficiency than a refrigeration machine a cooling efficiency, at the output in the form of cooling capacity related to the energy input is getting smaller. Accordingly, the generation of cooling capacity is fundamental much more expensive than that of thermal power.

From an energetic point of view, one should therefore strive for cooling operation The highest possible flow temperature of the heat transfer medium with the lowest possible temperature spread over the individual cooling devices to the desired low room temperature to achieve or to obtain. Management of the flow temperature of the in a cooling system The heat transfer medium located above the outside temperature is therefore just as little optimal, like a management of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium of a heating system about the outside temperature, as explained above. If namely the outside temperature one prescribes too low a flow temperature in the cooling system, the automatically acting throttle devices would have to throttle too much, so that the operating energy consumption for the cold generator is too high, namely this quite apart from the fact that below certain temperatures of the Sm cooling range working heat transfer medium with room cooling an additional air dehumidification Energy expenditure and corresponding not inconsiderable additional costs leads, in principle also because the coefficient of performance or the heat ratio of the cold generator at low heat transfer medium temperatures (coolant temperatures) and high outside temperatures drops in the same way as the coefficient of performance or the heat ratio of a heat pump a heating system with low outside temperatures and high flow temperatures. It So there would be an equal degree of deterioration in the coefficient of performance or the heat ratio, which is at best still tolerable for a heat pump, for a refrigeration machine lead to intolerable conditions. Even for one with 6as or oil or electric Energy-operated boilers would be less efficient from an energy and cost perspective more tolerable than for a chiller.

It can be seen that precisely because of this principle Difference between the cooling process and the heating of the rooms are all above for heating as disadvantageous conditions for cooling still in every respect have a more unfavorable effect.

The solution according to the invention guarantees in contrast to known ones Solutions with the dreaded positive feedback behavior already described above with the resulting dangers for the stability of the process For the first time not only a functional start-up behavior, but also a reliable one Stability of an operating procedure that also realizes a real regulation, whereby not only is an outside temperature sensor unnecessary, it is even undesirable is, otherwise, essential interventions in an existing system just as unnecessary are like the equipment of a heating or heating system that realizes the invention.

Cooling system in the first case, since the invention from the side the connection of measuring devices for process-leading physical quantities with simple Temperature sensors get by, which also by means of external bandages on the relevant the lines carrying the heat transfer medium can be applied. The on this Way for various reasons achievable by the invention with regard to advantages Simplification and facilitation of the assembly and saving of working time and dirt nuisance and not only the overall increase in profitability that goes with it from the point of view of the possibility of a considerable reduction in the cost price, but also the savings in operating costs are obvious. Not unmentioned In this context, however, there are opportunities for serious savings remain on the heat or cold energy to be expended for the process which according to the invention significantly increases the heat or cold efficiency can be.

Another advantage of the invention is the fact that for this a computational algorithm of whatever kind is not required, rather the invention manages with the very simple instruction that whenever the reference variable in the form of the difference between the flow and return temperatures exceeds a limit of the target value range according to the invention, a certain one Influence on the manipulated variable in the form of the supply of heating or cooling energy to the Heating or coolant flow is taken, while this reference variable is pulled out the same manipulated variable across the other limit of its setpoint band is influenced in the other direction. So while all known solutions are static Working deterministically, in this sense with a formally descriptive algorithm and - as already stated - inadequately linear relationships that do not have any dynamic Have validity and accordingly with the overcoming of systemic difficulties Having to struggle, the invention proceeds from an entirely different approach that is much more likely can be described as a dynamic stochastic, out and overcomes precisely because of its inherent dynamic Principle that for all time Is valid and can never be prone to any instability, all of the foregoing Difficulties and taking advantage of the task at hand, without measurements of system or building-specific and / or user-related physical quantities and even without the aid of necessarily more or less tortured computational algorithms any kind of external and / or internal influences on the actual Automatically take heat demand into account, making it optimally economical To be able to guarantee operation.

In doing so, the invention basically provides for use in conjunction For the first time also with heat or cold generators that work in on-off mode, has been designed, according to a special expedient embodiment, the possible solution for reliable operation even one that has not yet been technically implemented Execution of such heat or cold generator before, namely those with extremely low Heat storage capacity, such as particularly small heat pumps with very small heat exchanger or condenser or for gas or oil-fired instantaneous water heaters, so-called thermal baths or geysers. The invention provides for such and similar applications according to a subordinate idea of the invention vot that when changing the dem heat transfer medium supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow or cooling capacity by switching the supply of operating energy to the Heat or cold generator as a lower setpoint of the setpoint band de temperature difference a temperature difference is selected, which for heating operation a specified period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy to the heating or cold generator setting level below a predetermined reference value for the Return temperature of the heat transfer medium and for cooling operation one after a specified period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy to the heating or cold generator setting level above a predetermined reference value for the Flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is selected, this temperature difference presents itself as a negative temperature difference. this is because, that this temperature difference for heating operation from the difference of arbitrary selected reference temperature and that after switching off the supply of operating energy towards the heat generator, the flow temperature continues to fall over time is, for a predetermined period of time from this termination of the supply of Operating energy, the flow temperature is always a lower value than the reference value of the return is reached, so the term forward (t) TRef) is negative, whereas the temperature difference relevant for cooling operation of the difference from arbitrary selected reference temperature and that after switching off the supply of operating energy to the cold generator rising above this reference temperature over the course of time Return temperature corresponds to, for a predetermined period of time from this When the supply of operating energy is stopped, the return temperature is always higher Value reached as the reference value of the flow, hence the term (TRef - TRreturn (t)) is negative. This can be subordinate in a further expedient embodiment According to the invention, a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of the specified setpoint range by reducing and deviating this temperature difference (negative temperature difference) below the lower limit of the specified target value band by increasing the heat or coolant fed into the heating or coolant flow

Cooling capacity can be eliminated. It should be noted that falling below the lower limit of the setpoint band means reaching a lower limit The value of the relevant temperature difference. To easily set a reliably functioning value for the reference temperature can according to further expedient development of this subordinate inventive concept as a reference temperature the return temperature for heating operation and the flow temperature for cooling operation of the heat transfer medium can be selected at the time after switching off the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium has practically reached its disappearance value. In this way, namely without any additional Measures a too A measured value which is obtained anyway at a preferably observed point in time for the formation of the Restart limit of the heating or cooling system used. It can be seen that through this subordinate inventive concept without difficulties and additional An artificial second switching point is also required for such heating or cooling systems is created for the lack of sufficient Spelcher behavior from their time behavior such an independently cannot be derived.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, a deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper limit of the specified target value band by reducing the in the Heating or cooling capacity fed in according to the heating or coolant flow the extent of this deviation and a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of the specified setpoint range by increasing the amount of heat fed into the heating or coolant flow respectively.

Cooling capacity can be eliminated according to the extent of this deviation. Correspondingly, the control device can on the one hand via an impulse line with the comparison device and on the other hand via a further pulse line with have the proportional controller connected to the actuating command transmitter. Because it has It was surprisingly found that contrary to a prejudice in the professional world, that heating controls cannot be implemented appropriately with a purely proportional controller are, with the invention, commercially available pure proportional controllers can be used are to avoid any unfavorable vibration behavior of the control device according to the invention, which is not to be expected with this anyway, to be switched off reliably.

In order to improve the accuracy of the regulation, it can be more expedient Embodiment of the invention, the total extent of the deviation of the difference from flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of the specified Setpoint Tape also determined over time and a Deviation of this temperature difference above the upper limit of this setpoint range by reducing the amount fed into the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling capacity according to this total measure of the deviation of this temperature difference eliminated and / or the total amount of deviation of the difference between lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band determined over time and a deviation of this temperature difference below the lower limit of this setpoint band by increasing the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power according to this Total extent of the deviation of this temperature difference can be eliminated. Corresponding the control device can communicate with the comparison device via pulse lines and the proportional controller and the actuator connected integral controller with time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the difference between the lead and Return temperature beyond the upper limit of the setpoint range of the same and / or Time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of the setpoint range of the same. This will be all system deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium from the setpoint band forming the reference variable, which at all occurred, integrated over time and, depending on the size of the integral, actuating commands executed what over time a particularly precise adjustment in the target size with good damping or good transient response.

Furthermore, sees another expedient training according to a subordinate Inventive concept for the purpose of achieving not inconsiderable energy savings, that the amount of change over time of a deviation of the difference from lead and return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of the specified Setpoint band addition and / or the temporal change of this measure over time Change in the deviation of this temperature difference determined and this deviation of this temperature difference by reducing the heating or cooling fluid flow fed in heating or cooling power according to this Measure of the temporal change in the deviation of this temperature difference or

this amount of change over time this amount of change over time the deviation of this temperature difference is eliminated and / or the degree of the temporal Change of a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium below the lower limit of the specified setpoint range and / or the change over time of this measure of change over time in the deviation of this temperature difference determined and this deviation of this temperature difference by increasing the Heating or cooling power fed into the heating or coolant flow according to this measure of the time change in the deviation of this temperature difference or this measure of the change over time, this measure of change over time in the deviation this temperature difference is eliminated. Accordingly, the control device can expediently one via impulse lines with the comparison device and the proportional controller and / or possibly connected to the integral controller and to the actuating command generator Differential controller with a device for determining the extent of the temporal Change of a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper limit of the predetermined target value band of the same and / or one Device for determining the extent of the change over time in a deviation of the Difference between flow and return temperature below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band of the same and / or a device for determining the temporal Change in the extent of the temporal change in a deviation in the difference from the lead and return temperature beyond the upper limit of the setpoint range of the same and / or a device for determining the temporal change in the degree of Temporal change in a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of this target value band.

According to another subordinate inventive concept, In further expedient further training of the regulation working with an integral component the invention, the total measure of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium and the total dimension of the upper or lower limit of the setpoint band of the same corresponding difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determined over time and as a hatred for optimization the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper or below the lower limit of their setpoint range, the ratio these two overall dimensions or its reciprocal can be selected. For this you can use In terms of implementation, the integral controller is preferably a time-dependent integrator for the difference between the flow and return temperature or one more each time-dependent integrator for the as a reference value for the respective deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures, the upper or lower temperature Limit the setpoint band of the same corresponding temperature difference and the control device a device connected to both integrators via impulse lines to form the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrating units or whose reciprocal values have.

In this way, regardless of the possibilities described, either the total dimension of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over time in relation to the total extent of this upper limit of the setpoint band corresponding difference between flow and return temperature over time to set or the reciprocal of this ratio by inversely forming the ratio to determine or the total dimension of the difference between the flow and return temperatures des'Wärmeträgermediums in the course of time in relation to the total size of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures corresponds to the lower limit of the setpoint range to set in the course of time or also here the reciprocal of this ratio to form any oversupply the heating or cooling system to determine the standard supply. This makes it extremely easy and convenient to use Inexpensive means of implementation draw, represent and even draw energy balances use directly or indirectly. In particular, allowable energy transfer or undersupply.

But that means a possibility for optimizing the control device in the sense of sharpening the sensitivity of the same.

A further fine-tuning in this direction can be achieved by that the total measure of the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper or below the lower limit of their specified Setpoint band and the total measure of the difference between the upper and lower limit The difference between the flow and return temperatures corresponding to the setpoint range of the heat transfer medium Determined over time and both overall dimensions together added and as a measure for optimizing the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time for eliminating the deviation of this temperature difference above the upper or below the lower limit of your target value range, the ratio this sum to the total measure of the difference between the upper and lower limit of the target value band corresponding difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or the reciprocal of this ratio is chosen. This can be done on the device side expediently the integral controller apart from a first time-dependent integrating unit r the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper one Limit of the setpoint band of the same and / or a first time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures below the lower one Limit the setpoint band of the same another time-dependent integrator for de corresponding to the difference between the upper and lower limit of this setpoint range Temperature difference as well as one connected to both integrating units via impulse lines Summing device for forming the sum of simultaneous results from both integrating units and the control device one on the one hand with this in each case via impulse lines and on the other hand with at least the time-dependent integrator for which corresponds to the difference between the upper and lower limit of the target value band Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Facility for the formation of the relation of simultaneous results of this integrating work and the summing device or the rezlprok value have this ratio. Obviously, this results in a particular improvement in the precision of regulation, because the integral ratio, namely the ratio of the overall dimensions mentioned in the As time goes on, it becomes comparatively larger.

In further inventive development of this subordinate inventive concept can be the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium be changed above the upper or below the lower limit of their setpoint range, when the ratio of the two total dimensions exceeds a predetermined value. For this purpose, the device for forming the relationship can expediently be at the same time The results of both integrating units have an adjustable pulse blocking device, by means of which the impulse line (s) to the device (s) for change the gain of the proportional controller and / or the reset time of the integral controller and / or the lead time of the differential controller only when a predetermined one is present Value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrators for pulse passage is or are releasable. This means specifying permissible values for gain and / or reset time and / or lead time to eliminate the deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium from one predetermined assigned limit of their setpoint band operating control device according to the invention. This in turn creates the possibility of a type of for the first time Self-learning of the control device according to the invention by making them their own Adjusts control constants itself. According to this subordinate idea of the invention underlying subordinate further task, this brings the advantageous opportunity with it that any type of controller for the Invention underlying task are used and even with regard to his Any control constants, d. H. also unfavorable, can be set because according to this subordinate inventive concept it is ensured that after some Time has adjusted himself to the most expedient field of work because he has his Adjusts control constants according to the energy supply criteria.

The same can also be achieved by an alternative, according to the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is changed above the upper or below the lower limit of its setpoint band in such a way that that the ratio of the two total dimensions does not exceed a predetermined value. For this purpose, the device for changing the gain of the proportional controller can expediently and / or the device for changing the reset time of the integral controller and / or the device for changing the lead time of the differential controller in each case one via an impulse line with the device for forming the ratio at the same time Have results of both integrating units connected adjustment device, by means of which the assigned change device in the sense of avoiding exceeding a predetermined value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrators is adjustable. This variant of the invention also works for the first time Regulation with self-learning with the alternative already described for the above explained advantages. In both cases, the self-learning process of the control regarding the adaptation of their control constants to the respective peculiarities the heating or cooling system and / or the rooms to be air-conditioned with this with regard to operating parameters and / or location- and / or climate-specific or Improve user peculiarities in that the upper and / or the Lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures of Heat transfer medium already manufacturer-related performance-related and / or is chosen based on user needs. This means the convenient option of one factory preselection of for a specific heating or cooling system and / or the Combination of the same with a certain type of control device according to the Invention for values considered expedient for gain and / or reset time and / or lead time, in which case it is then the last described way after the one or another variant of the same designed control device according to the invention It is left to the self-learning process to control the peculiarities mentioned to be optimized. This means an improvement in this automatic optimization the control device according to the invention insofar as this manufacturer- or factory setting of one or more control constants for self-optimization the control device required period of time kept particularly short and the associated energy losses can be minimized.

It can be seen that in a further development of the invention it can be advantageous a fuel-fired or electrical energy source as a heat generator Boiler and / or a heat exchanger charged with the primary heat transfer medium on the primary side, such as a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or a Output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or, a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator an electric compression chiller and / or a gas or diesel engine-operated chiller or sorption chiller and as A device for influencing which is connected to the control device via the control line the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or coolant flow a device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator be provided. The universality achievable with the invention too in this direction is evident.

For the special case of heating or cooling systems with supply of the Heating or cooling capacity for the heating or coolant flow of the same in on-off operation, those practically without or at least without significant and correspondingly practical ineffective heat accumulators work, as is the case in particular as a thermal bath or Geyser called instantaneous water heaters or low-power heat pumps can be the case with a particularly small heat exchanger working as a condenser, in which the change in the flow in the heating or cooling medium Heat transfer medium practically without passage through a storage for this supplied Heating or cooling output by switching the supply of operating energy on and off to the heat or cold generator, it has proven to be particularly useful if according to a subordinate inventive idea which advantageously continues the invention the same if there is a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified setpoint range in addition, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is terminated and if there is a discrepancy between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium under the one for heating operation one according to a predetermined Time after switching off the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator setting level below a reference value for the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium and for cooling operation one after a predetermined period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator setting level below a specified reference value for the return temperature of the heat transfer medium (Negative temperature difference) corresponding lower limit of your specified setpoint range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is started. the here corresponding device according to the invention is characterized in that the heat or cold generator that can be supplied discontinuously with operating energy during operation practically no or at most only a very small memory for the heat transfer medium is assigned or subordinated and that the control device is a timed Control commands having emitting control command, by means of which the device for influencing the supply of the operating energy to the heat or cold generator the control command as On-off commands can be supplied, in each case when a deviation is determined Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper one Limit your specified target value band by an off command, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator can be blocked and for heating operation respectively when determining a drop in the flow temperature and / or the return temperature of the heat transfer medium by a specified amount below a specified reference temperature or for cooling operation when an increase in the flow temperature is determined and / or the return temperature of the heat transfer medium by a predetermined amount a predetermined reference temperature by an ESn command the supply of operating energy can be released to the heat or cold generator.

It can be seen that the invention thus for the first time so far for difficulty considered insurmountable not only reliably, but also with extremely simple and economic means is eliminated by namely this subordinate inventive idea the same a real game of rules for the Allows operation of a heating or cooling system of the embodiment described. The difficulty in regulating such systems or

Systems consists in that there is a measured value of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is still a shutdown value for the energy supply to the Heat or cold generator and thus to the heating or coolant flow of the system could be found that but due to the practically memoryless behavior such systems or control systems after switching off the supply of operating energy the flow temperature to the heat or cold generator practically immediately The value of the return temperature drops. So it can be done with conventional means no switching point for reinsertion the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator. Only the last-described subordinate The idea of the invention here offers the possibility of a reliable restart point to define, which in turn is a switching cycle of sufficient quality for the Control process according to the invention guaranteed.

An expedient continuation of this subordinate inventive concept deals according to a subordinate task underlying the invention Task with the determination of such for a specific heating or cooling system special design based on the totality of the influencing variables to which it is subject, optimal reference variable. For this purpose, this subordinate inventive concept provides that when commissioning the method for heating mode or for cooling mode at full Opening of all throttling devices, the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference, which is the commissioning temperature difference is to be designated at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of this difference between flow and return temperature for the first time Increase of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint of the difference is determined of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a multiple this minimum possible temperature difference and, as a smaller setpoint, a temperature difference is chosen arbitrarily in particular by the fact that it is chosen arbitrarily Selected dimension in heating mode below and in cooling mode above a specified one Corresponds to the reference temperature lying value, this dimension preferably as one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper setpoint of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium determining multiples formed multiple of this minimum possible temperature difference is selected. This procedure can be used with preference in the ZJungfernfahrtZ initial commissioning of a heating or heating system equipped with the invention Cooling system can be realized and then yields the actually minimal possible Temperature difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium when fully open of all throttle devices as the only relevant quantity in which all of the Heating or

Cooling system acting influencing variables are included without this would need to be determined or measured in detail, but essentially depends on the number and type of radiators or

Cooling devices, from their interconnection, the pressure drop throughout Heating or coolant circuit, the circulation pump along with their pressure-delivery rate characteristics and the output of the respective heat or cold generator. All of these sizes are included in the measured value of the commissioning temperature difference, so that this one represents a characteristic variable for the heat or cold consumer. This in turn can be used advantageously according to the invention.

An expedient embodiment of the invention according to another subordinate The idea of the invention is characterized in that during heating operation for heating after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum temperature difference, which is also called the approach temperature difference is to be designated at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of this difference between flow and return temperature for the first time Increase of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint of the difference is determined of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a multiple this minimum temperature difference and, as a smaller setpoint, a temperature difference is chosen arbitrarily in particular by the fact that it is an arbitrary one Selected dimension in heating mode below and in cooling mode above a specified one Corresponds to the reference temperature lying value, this dimension preferably as one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper setpoint of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium determining multiples formed multiple of this minimum temperature difference chosen will. A comparison of the start-up and commissioning temperature difference or also of the approach temperature difference between different days with otherwise the same Conditions yields if the minimum possible or a certain minimum temperature difference no longer reached, i.e. is only exceeded, is an indicator that that either one or more of the automatically acting throttle device (s) is or are defective in that it no longer moves out of the throttle or move and thus the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (commissioning temperature difference) is no longer reached, or that the circulation pump no longer has its rated output, for example over a certain bearing clearance brings or this circulation pump or the pipe network carrying the heat transfer medium is calcified and therefore has built up excessive flow resistance and is therefore only larger differences compared to the commissioning temperature difference set the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and therefore the start-up and often also the start-up temperature difference are only exceeded can be. This subordinate inventive concept opens up the possibility for a convenient and inexpensive selection of the individual sources of error.

If the system pressure in the pipe system carrying the heat transfer medium falls, which generally has to be measured and has to be topped up with heat transfer medium there is a leak in this pipe system, whereby the circulation pump is also present as such is part of it. The system pressure has to be increased over time by refilling be brought to its initial value by the heat transfer medium without this the differential pressure across the circulation pump, which results in a change in the difference of 'flow and return temperature expresses, brought to its previous value can be, this indicates an increase in the flow resistance in the heat transfer medium leading pipe system, for example due to calcification or a defect in the circulation pump for example in the form of bearing damage. If the system pressure drops in the heat transfer medium Piping system not, it can only hang one or more throttle device (s) or else also a decrease in the nominal power of the circulation pump, for example due to wear the same are present.

These two incidents are selected by the fact that the Room temperature behavior of the individual with automatically acting throttle devices equipped radiators or cooling devices are observed. It is determined that in a room or several rooms which is or are to be tempered, If the predetermined room temperature is not reached, there is a defect in the relevant Throttle device 'before. If this is not the case, there will still be an increase in the Commissioning temperature difference between the flow and return of the heat transfer medium found on the approach temperature difference of the same, so this can be practical only indicate a defect in the circulation pump or its drive.

If you compare the start-up and commissioning temperature difference or the approach temperature differences between different days with otherwise equal conditions states that the minimal possible or a certain minimal The difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium has even fallen below this provides a clear indication that the heat or cold generator output no longer the expected value, for example the specified nominal power or a specifically set target or operating power, corresponds to what in the case of a heat generator, for example, to a burner or heat pump defect or on calcified or sooty heat exchangers and in the case of a cold generator for example, a compressor damage or a refrigeration machine defect or indicates calcified or sooty heat exchangers.

On the device side, the invention becomes this subordinate inventive concept in that the control device has a setpoint selection device with a via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference between the flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the Comparison device to determine the deviation of this difference from the lead and return temperature from the upper and / or lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device to determine the in the course of commissioning the device for heating operation or for cooling operation with full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures the first time an enlargement of the same occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperature and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up cooling down or, in the course of cooling operation, when cooling down after heating up when all throttling devices are fully open as the minimum difference in flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (approach temperature difference) to the Point in time at which this difference after a period of time with a practically constant value the flow and return temperatures increase for the first time, occurring difference between flow and return temperature and one each over one Pulse line with this adjustable ratio device connected as a Setpoint generation facility for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as well as each one via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device the setpoint selection device and, on the other hand, with the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint device connected device for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change to a set Value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium both in heating mode and in cooling mode, a multiple of this minimum possible difference between flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Approach temperature difference) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature to a temperature difference that can in particular be chosen arbitrarily as a result has that this to an arbitrarily selected amount in heating mode under and at Cooling operation is above a predetermined reference temperature, this level preferably as one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper limit of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Multiples formed multiple of this minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) can be selected.

In this context, it should be emphasized that if you follow the criteria explained above has found that it is in the course of a determined increase in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium from their original commissioning value to a higher value in the form of the so-called Approach temperature difference is only a calcification of the system, this definitely can continue driving in the previous manner, with the determined higher starting temperature difference the function of determining the original commissioning temperature difference for the definition of the control variable of the control in the form of the target value range according to the invention can take over, which has the advantage that in such a case a service technician can be dispensed with.

The invention is also distinguished from the prior art from the fact that the user of the same for the first time the opportunity to Hand is given, with one and the same control device according to the invention according to his own choice and determination to accept different modes of operation to him To be able to set times by for comfort mode, in which for at least one One room to be tempered in comparison to the other to be tempered Space or rooms comparatively special high or low Room temperature is to be maintained, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a large multiple the minimum possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.5 to 2 times this Temperature difference, and a temperature difference selected as the smaller setpoint which is a predetermined amount below in heating mode and below in cooling mode a value lying a predetermined amount above a predetermined reference temperature corresponds, this measure preferably as a given by the reciprocal of the multiplier the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Determining multiples formed multiple of these minimally possible or minimal Temperature difference is chosen while for normal operation, at which for all too temperature-regulating rooms an approximately the same room temperature for a good feeling of comfort sufficient height is to be maintained, the larger setpoint is the difference of The flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium correspond to an average Multiples of the minimum possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this Temperature difference, and a temperature difference selected as the smaller setpoint which is a predetermined amount below in heating operation and operation in cooling a value lying a predetermined amount above a predetermined reference temperature corresponds, this measure preferably as a by the reciprocal of the. Multiplier the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Determining multiples formed multiple of these minimally possible or minimal Temperature difference is selected, on the other hand for night reduction or economy mode, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same room temperature of for Stay of people, animals or goods at a sufficient height Is, the larger setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively small multiple of minimal possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this temperature difference, and a temperature difference is selected as the lower setpoint value than in heating mode one by a predetermined amount and by a predetermined amount in cooling mode corresponds to a value lying above a predetermined reference temperature, this Measure preferably as a given by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper one Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Determining multiples formed multiple of these minimally possible or minimal Temperature difference is chosen while specifically for heating rooms for Frost protection mode in which only one freeze occurs for all rooms to be heated of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or the pipe system leading to it preventing room temperature is to be maintained, the larger setpoint of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to the minimum possible or the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and a temperature difference is selected as the lower setpoint value, which is a specified measure, the one with preference to this minimum possible or minimum temperature difference corresponds to, below e: j. corresponds to the value lying below the specified reference temperature. Correspondingly, in terms of device technology, the control in the direction of a storage device, in which at least two, preferably more, preferred pairings of upper and lower limits the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures, such as for comfort, normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode, saved and a switching device connected to this via at least one pulse line to eliminate the effect of one and activate the effect of another of these have preferred pairings that each have a pulse line with at least one of the existing setpoint generation devices for the upper or lower Limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with or at least one of the existing Program storage device (s) for influencing the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with at least one adjustment device that may be present for this or with at least one setpoint generator is connected. Expediently, in the memory device the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the target value band of the difference of flow and return temperature with increasing values of this temperature difference preferably proportionally increasing difference and / or ratio of the respective upper and lower limit of the difference between flow and return temperature are saved be. This possibility of choosing the bands gives the user of the invention or the operator of the heating or cooling system equipped with this option given, on the one hand with locally differently distributed heat or cold loads to drive, for example in heating mode when using the comfort band that he Incidentally, does not need to be used throughout the year, but only as desired or need, but at the same time a special economy despite keeping it open all possibilities for maintaining room temperatures of practically any high level to be able to achieve in part of the rooms to be controlled by being able to In times of lower heat demand, a more economical operation corresponding setpoint range, For example, a normal or economy band that allows control mode to be determined, in which all other rooms with comparatively much lower heat loads or Room temperatures can be operated. The same naturally also applies to cooling mode. The particular economy lies in the fact that not always with the greatest Load peak must be driven, but one for the times of lower heat or cold load, such as in heating mode, for example depending on the season Summer operation and / or user-related with night reduction, with a more favorable setpoint range satisfied with the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can give. This is not possible with conventional regulation or control types.

Here must be for a specific time-limited case of need for the whole year or for the whole time of day sufficient heat or Cooling capacity are kept available, d. that is, in the times without this need is driven very uneconomically, or the operator of such a heating or cooling system must constantly change its heating curve for every need.

The invention thus provides the possibility at any time as desired of an operating mode with maintenance of an extremely high or high temperature during heating operation. in cooling operation extremely low temperature in a sub-range of the relevant Heating or cooling system to a different operating mode with Lower heating mode or higher required room temperature for cooling mode in the relevant part of the area to be operated with the heating or cooling system To be able to switch rooms, which of course has the advantageous consequence that with such Operating mode switchover in this direction, the heat losses to be absorbed both by heat or cold dissipation and by heat or cold radiation (Heat radiation) will be less, whereby according to the invention neither the number of such Switching processes nor the type of switching is set a limit by namely this switchover from one operating mode to the other and back again is also continuous can be done.

For discontinuous, i.e. in on-off operation, heating or cooling systems with storage and - as it surprisingly turned out - also those with only a very low storage capacity, in which the change the dem-in heating resp.

Heat transfer medium located in the coolant flow with or without a passage through a storage tank for this supplied heat or

Cooling capacity by switching the supply of operating energy on and off takes place to the heat or cold generator, provides an alternative subordinate inventive idea expediently before that if a deviation occurs in the difference between the lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified The setpoint band also includes the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator ends and when there is a discrepancy between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is started. here namely allows the presence of the heat storage capacity and - as it turned out has - even a very small, time-independent definition that is required a switch-on condition for the supply of operating energy to the heat or

Cold generator from the temperature behavior of the system itself. Surprising included is that this procedure without additional measures or precautions for example to observe the temperature and / or storage to be determined of measured values of the same, such as a reference temperature, even at discontinuous working heat or cold generators with extremely low storage capacity without any problems Can be used, especially since it is not to be expected without further ado that even a very Low remaining storage capacity is sufficient for triggering the switch-on condition is. Nevertheless, it has been shown that such conditions also go in this direction by appropriate selection of the setpoint range for the difference between the flow and return temperatures is to be encountered.

In terms of device technology, the invention provides that the im Operation discontinuously with operating energy supplyable heat or cold generator a memory for the heat transfer medium is assigned or downstream and that the control device has an actuating command generator which emits actuating commands in a timed manner, by means of of which the device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, the control commands can be supplied as on-off commands, in each case when determining a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures beyond the upper limit of your specified setpoint range by means of an OFF command the supply of operating energy for heating or

The refrigeration generator can be blocked and when a deviation is determined in the difference of flow and return temperatures-below the lower limit of their specified setpoint range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator can be released.

Here, too, another subordinate inventive concept is concerned according to an underlying subordinate task with the determination of the for a certain heating or cooling system based on the totality of the influencing variables, to which it is subject, optimal reference variable. For this, this subordinate sees The idea of the invention that when starting the method for heating or for cooling operation with all throttling devices fully open, the difference of Flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference, which is also referred to here as the commissioning temperature difference at the time in addition after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, and the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a multiple of this minimum possible temperature difference and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference here, however, corresponds to a Fraction of this minimum possible temperature difference preferably accordingly by one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger setpoint of this Multiples that determine the temperature difference are minimally reduced possible temperature difference, is selected. Again, this is the procedure intended for the first time, which is to be designated as the "JungfernfahrtZ" Implementation of a heating or cooling system equipped with the invention to become, and then yields the actually minimal possible difference of lead and return temperature of the heat transfer medium when all throttle devices are fully open as the only relevant variable in which all have an effect on the heating or cooling system Influencing variables are included without these being determined or measured in detail to become, which is essentially dependent on the number and type the radiators or cooling devices, their interconnection, the pressure drop in the entire heating or

Coolant circuit, the circulation pump and their pressure-delivery rate characteristics and the performance of the respective heat or

Cold generator. The measured value of the commissioning temperature difference also includes all these quantities here and thus in turn represents a or cold consumer is a characteristic variable that is advantageous according to the invention can use.

An expedient embodiment of the invention according to another subordinate The idea of the invention is characterized in that during heating operation for heating after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum temperature difference, which is also used here as the approach temperature difference is to be designated at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant Value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures the first time an enlargement of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium a multiple of this minimum temperature difference and the smaller setpoint this temperature difference corresponds to a fraction of this minimum temperature difference preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the the multiple determined the larger setpoint of this temperature difference Multiple reduced minimum temperature difference is selected. Here, too, yields a comparison of the start-up and commissioning temperature difference or

also from differences in approaching temperatures on different days all other things being equal, if it should show that the minimum possible or a minimum temperature difference is no longer reached, but always only remains exceeded, an indicator that either one or more of the automatically acting throttle device (s) is or are defective by this no longer moved or move out of the throttling and thus the minimum possible Temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) is no longer reached, or that the circulation pump z. B. over a certain bearing clearance no longer their nominal power brings or this circulation pump or the pipe network carrying the heat transfer medium is calcified and has built up excessive flow resistance, and therefore no more the commissioning temperature difference, just a comparison to this greater difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be achieved, with this behavior of the heating or cooling system based on experience also for approach temperature differences can occur by not even reaching this can be. Here, too, according to the invention, the possibility for a comfortable and Inexpensive selection of the individual sources of error opens up.

If the system pressure in the pipe system carrying the heat transfer medium falls, which generally has to be measured and has to be topped up with heat transfer medium there is a leak in this pipe system, and the circulation pump as well as such is part of it. The system pressure has to be increased over time by refilling be brought to its initial value by the heat transfer medium without this the differential pressure across the circulation pump, which results in a change in the difference of flow and return temperature expresses, brought to its previous value can be, this indicates an increase in the flow resistance in the heat transfer medium leading pipe system, for example due to calcification or a defect in the circulation pump for example in the form of bearing damage. If the system pressure in the heat transfer medium drops leading pipe system, only one or more throttle devices can be suspended. or a decrease in the rated power of the circulation pump, for example Wear and tear of the same. These two incidents are selected in that the room temperature behavior of the individual with automatically acting Throttle devices equipped radiators or cooling devices observed will. If it is found that in a room or several rooms, the to temperature control is or are; o the predetermined room temperature is not reached, see above there is a defect in the throttling device concerned. This is not the case, However, there is still an increase in the start-up temperature difference to the start-up temperature difference found, this can practically only be due to a defect in the circulation pump or the Indicate drive of the same.

If you compare the start-up and commissioning temperature difference or the approach temperature differences in different locations with each other same other conditions stipulate that the minimal possible or a certain There is even a minimal difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is not reached, this provides a clear indication that the heat or cold generator no longer the expected performance, for example its specified nominal power or a specifically set target or operating mode power, provides what a heat generator, for example, a burner or heat pump defect or calcified or sooty heat exchangers and in the case of a cold generator, for example, to a compressor damage or a refrigeration machine defect or indicates calcified or sooty heat exchangers.

On the device side, the invention becomes this subordinate inventive concept in that the control device has a setpoint selection device with a via an impulse line to the device for determining the difference between the flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures connected above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint band Detector device for determining the in the course of the start-up of the device for heating mode or for cooling mode with all throttle devices fully open as the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) at the time at which a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or the during heating operation after cooling down or during the Cooling operation when cooling down after heating with full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one each via an impulse line connected to this adjustable proportioning device as a setpoint generator for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one or each one via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device the setpoint selection devices and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint device connected device for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a milestone setting or a change to a set one Value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature to a multiple in both heating and cooling mode this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature on in both heating and cooling mode Fraction of this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (starting temperature difference), this fraction preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determining multiple reduced minimum possible or minimum temperature difference is selectable.

Here too, if you follow the above-mentioned Criteria has determined that it is in the course of a determined increase in the difference of flow and return temperatures from their original commissioning value to a higher value in the form of the so-called start-up temperature difference calcification of the system is involved, continue to operate it in the same way as before can, the determined higher starting temperature difference being the determining function the original start-up temperature difference for determining the reference variable the regulation in the form of the target value band according to the invention can take over what the advantage already described provides that in such a case on one Service technicians can be dispensed with.

Here, too, the invention offers the advantageous possibility of different Operating modes that can be set by the operator of the heating or cooling system by for comfort mode, in which an im Compared to the

The other barely or rooms to be tempered are comparatively special high or low room temperature is to be maintained, the larger setpoint of the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium accordingly a large multiple of the minimum possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.5 up to 2 times this temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a larger fraction of this minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the the multiple determined the larger setpoint of this temperature difference Multiple reduced minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, and / or for normal operation in which all rooms to be tempered have approximately the same room temperature to be maintained at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort, the higher setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to an average multiple of the minimum possible or minimum difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint this temperature difference corresponds to an average fraction of this minimal possible or minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger setpoint of this temperature difference determining multiples formed multiple reduced minimum possible resp.

minimum temperature difference and / or for night reduction or

Economy mode, with roughly the same for all rooms to be tempered Room temperature is even more sufficient for people, animals or goods to be present Height is to be maintained, the larger setpoint is the difference between flow and Return temperature of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively small multiples of the minimum possible or minimum difference between lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a comparatively small fraction of these minimally possible or minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding to one by the reciprocal the multiplier of the determining the larger setpoint of this temperature difference Multiples formed multiple reduced minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, and / or especially for heating rooms for frost protection, in which for everyone Only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the rooms to be heated Radiators and / or the room temperature preventing this leading pipe system What is to be maintained is the larger setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium according to the minimum possible or the minimum difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and the lower setpoint this temperature difference is chosen to be slightly larger than its disappearance value. Correspondingly, in terms of device technology, the control device can also be a storage device, in which at least two, preferably more, preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures, such as for comfort, normal, economy night reduction or frost protection mode, saved and a switching device connected to this via at least one pulse line to eliminate the effect of one and activate the effect of another of these have preferred pairings that each have a pulse line with at least one of the existing setpoint generation devices for the upper or lower Limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with the or at least one of the possibly existing program storage device (s) for influencing the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with at least one adjustment device that may be present for this or with at least one setpoint generator is connected. Here, too, can expediently in the storage device the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the Setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature with in the direction increasing values of this temperature difference are preferably proportionally larger Difference and / or ratio of the respective upper and lower limit of the difference of flow and return temperatures must be saved. The advantages that can be achieved including the selection options for sources of error are the same, as with regard to the first-described alternative of operating a heating or Cooling system with heat or cold generator working in on-off mode without essential Heat storage already explained. In particular, the switchover from one operating mode to another can be carried out gradually or continuously.

When dealing with the operation of heating and cooling systems with heat or cold generator with continuous supply of operating energy to him dealing Embodiment of the invention, in which the change in the heating system or coolant flow located heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling power by continuously changing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator occurs, when eir, ei ~ deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of.

Heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified setpoint range in addition, the supply of operating energy to the heat or

Reduced refrigeration generator and if there is a deviation in the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit the supply of operating energy to the heat or Chiller increased. Those corresponding to this subordinate idea of the invention device-like embodiment of the invention is made so that a Heat or cold generator that can be continuously supplied with operating energy during operation is provided and that the control device a one during the operating time of the heat resp.

The refrigeration generator continuously emits a modulated control command Has control command, by means of which the device for influencing the Supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator the Adjustment commands as modulation differences in amount during the operating period continuously pending operating command can be supplied, with each determination a deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper one The supply of operating energy beyond the limit of their specified setpoint range to the heat or cold generator can be reduced depending on this deviation and when determining a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures the supply of operating energy below the lower limit of its preset target value range to the heat or cold generator can be increased depending on this deviation.

In this variant of the invention, too, it is subordinate Invention ideas of the same possible to solve a corresponding subordinate Task in an expedient manner for a particular heating or cooling system The type mentioned here with continuous operation due to the entirety the influencing variables to which it is subject to determine the optimal reference variable. Therefor this subordinate concept of the invention provides that when the method is put into operation for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load and full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference, which is also called the commissioning temperature difference here is to be designated at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of this difference between flow and return temperature for the first time Increase of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint of the difference is determined of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to this minimum possible temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction the same and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a minimum possible compared to this Temperature difference or this multiple or

Fraction of the same smaller or at most equal multiple or Selected fraction of this minimum possible temperature difference will. This procedure is also recommended here with preference for the "maiden voyage" First commissioning to be designated of an equipped with the invention Heating or cooling system, especially since it is then the minimum that is actually possible for this Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium at full load and full opening of all throttle devices as the only relevant variable in which contains all influencing variables that have an effect on the heating or cooling system, provides without these needing to be determined or measured in detail, which, however, is essentially dependent on the number and type of radiators or Cooling devices, their interconnection, the pressure drop in the entire heating or coolant circuit, the circulating pump along with its pressure-delivery rate characteristics and the output of the respective heat or cold generator. Here, too, includes Measured value of the commissioning temperature difference offers all of these variables in turn, as a variable that is characteristic of the heat or cold consumer Possibilities for its use within the scope of the invention.

In addition, there is also the possibility of expedient training here this subordinate Brfindungsgedankens given by the fact that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after cooling down Heating at full load and full opening of all throttle devices is the difference of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum temperature difference (Start-up temperature difference) at the time when after a period of time with practical constant value of this difference between flow and return temperature for the first time Increase of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint of the difference is determined of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to this minimum Temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the Lower setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a compared to this minimum temperature difference or this Multiples or fractions of the same smaller or highest same Multiple or fraction of this minimum temperature difference is selected. Even as a result, in the same way as above for the heating or Cooling systems with heat or cold generators working in discontinuous operation relevant variants of the invention explained by a comparison of start-up and start-up temperature difference and also start-up temperature differences different enter each other with the same other conditions Indicator enables whether and, if so, which operational or plant-related Defects when changing the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium are present. With regard to the selection of the same from one another, refer to the remarks in connection with the variants of the invention explained above will.

On the device side, the invention is subordinate to these directed towards this The idea of the invention in that the control device is a setpoint selection device with one via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference of flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures connected above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint band Detector device for determining during the commissioning of the device for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or the in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or

in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating Full load and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum difference of Flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference ) to the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one each via an impulse line connected to this adjustable proportioning device as a target value generation device for the upper or lower limit of the target value band the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned target value formation device of the target value selection device and on the other hand connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint generator Device for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a Initial setting or a change to a set value of the assigned Upper limit of the setpoint range for the difference between the flow and return temperatures to one of the minimum possible for both heating and cooling operation Difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the associated lower Limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures one in both heating mode and one in cooling mode compared to this one minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) or this multiple or fraction of the same is smaller or at most equal Multiples or fractions of this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) has a corresponding value. Here too, as in the case of the discontinuous operation described above the heat or cold generator of a heating or cooling system equipped with the invention Cooling system relevant variants of the invention the determination function the original commissioning temperature difference for determining the reference variable the regulation in the form of the setpoint range according to the invention from the starting temperature difference with all the advantages already explained.

The ones involved in the operation of heating systems equipped with the invention or cooling systems with continuously working heat or

A variant of the invention which concerns cold generators offers according to one These subordinate ideas of the invention, which are expediently advanced, are also still there Another advantageous possibility, according to the invention by the bandwidth of the Setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium to determine certain reference variable for the inventive scheme that the The default value for this reference variable is particularly quick and, moreover, already short is available very precisely after starting.

According to this subordinate inventive concept, it can be expedient when commissioning the procedure for heating or cooling operation, the time Change of flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between Flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium at full load and fully open of all throttle devices as the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling after heating, the change in flow and / or return temperature over time and / or the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium at full load and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum temperature difference (Start-up temperature difference) and the larger and smaller setpoints corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium the extent of this temporal change in the flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be changed by changing the advance and / or the Return temperature and / or this temperature difference both Setpoints by a larger amount and with a smaller temporal change in the lead and / or the return temperature and / or this temperature difference by a smaller amount be reduced compared to the minimum possible or minimum temperature difference. According to the device, it can be expediently provided for this that the control device a setpoint selection device with an impulse line to the device to determine the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or via a Impulse line with the comparison device to determine the deviation of this Difference between flow and return temperature above the upper and / or below the Detector device connected to the lower limit of its setpoint band for determination that during the commissioning of the device for heating or cooling at full load and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference of flow and return temperatures (commissioning temperature difference) Difference between flow and return temperature and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during cooling operation when cooling down after heating at full load and full opening of all throttle devices as minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and one or for the upper and lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures one device each for specifying time spans and one via impulse lines on the one hand with this device for specifying time spans and on the other hand with the device for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or dividing device connected to the detector device for determination the temporal gradient of the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or the minimum difference between flow and Return temperature (start-up temperature difference) one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the dividing device (s) and on the other hand with the associated Setpoint generator or device connected to the setpoint generator to the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in set values of the upper and lower limit of the Setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium to one for a larger one in both heating and cooling mode temporal gradient of the flow and / or return temperature and / or the Difference between the same of those determined by a larger amount and for a smaller one temporal gradient of the flow and / or return temperature and / or the Difference between the same of the minimally possible, reduced by a smaller amount Difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) has a corresponding value. This possibility of detecting the optimal value for the reference variable from the temporal gradient of lead and / or return temperature and / or difference between these temperatures of the heat transfer medium on the one hand particularly nimble and precise, what for certain commissioning processes of may be of particular advantage, however, the particular importance of the solution lies in accordance with this' subordinate idea of the invention is more based on the so-called S approaching process ", under which normally the start-up of a heating or cooling system from its night-time operation in whose work is understood, as this process is repetitive Tends to occur daily and with quick review and / or where appropriate Correction of the reference variable can lead to particular energy savings.

Especially for this type of heating or cooling systems with continuous Company has advanced training according to another subordinate inventive concept proven, according to which after a change in the supply of operating energy to the Heat or cold generator which is located immediately afterwards or after a predetermined one Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium that sets the time span, which is to be referred to as the operating temperature difference, as the one for this change determining limit of the specified target value band of the difference corresponding new limit of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium this setpoint range is selected. This results in a kind of self-learning process for the reference variable of the control method according to the invention. This should namely for some reason not specific to the external and especially internal plant-specific and / or based on climatic zone and / or location and / or thermal insulation or the like consumer-specific and / or user-related properties of the respective heating or cooling system can be coordinated from the outset, such as This is not to be expected even if it is on the part of the manufacturer or the installer of the plant is one that generally meets the needs of the average The default value determined by the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium certain reference variable is set for the inventive scheme, so this aspect of the invention provides one operating in a batch mode Systems that cannot be implemented automatically, which enables it to be independent of any Pre-setting and / or adjustment by the heating engineer via a quick one Access-enabling company size in the form of the supply of operating energy to the heating or cold generator to generate the optimal reference variable. In this respect it can with systems working in continuous operation also worked with presetting however, by this aspect of the invention any one is chosen Presetting automatically changed in the direction of an optimum in a self-learning manner. Therefor it is provided on the device side that the control device is via pulse lines with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values time programming device connected to these two temperatures for initiation simultaneous measurements of flow and return temperature or for recording and / or Output of a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices for flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium delivered simultaneous measured values these two temperatures during a given Period of time by the device for determining the difference between measured values at the same time two temperatures and one each via impulse lines on the one hand with this Device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures and with the time programming device and, on the other hand, with the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint device connected device for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a tracking of the one which is immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator setting difference between flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, which is also referred to here as the operating temperature difference is, corresponding change in this temperature difference-determining limit of the Setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures to a new one Has limit value.

For the procedural implementation of this subordinate inventive concept it has also proven to be useful if after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator which is immediately afterwards or after a predetermined period of time as the determining factor for this change limit of the specified setpoint range for the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium adjusting temperature difference, which is called the operating temperature difference can be designated, not corresponding limit of this setpoint band in the same Senses such as those for changing the supply of operating energy to heat or The limit of this setpoint band that determines the refrigeration generator and is preferably proportional the change of the same is changed, while for this device according to the invention it is provided that the control device is one or in each case one via pulse lines on the one hand with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature and with the time programming device and on the other hand connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint generator Device for automatic adjustment of the same or

the same in the sense of a tracking of the one which is directly or after a predetermined period of time after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator setting difference between flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium does not change this temperature difference accordingly determining limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures in the same direction as the tracking of the that of the immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator setting difference between flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, the operating temperature difference, corresponding change this temperature difference existing limit of the target value band of the difference of flow and return temperature and preferably also to the extent of the Tracking the same has proportional measure.

It can be seen that this gives the possibility, then, if the setpoint band determining the reference variable for the control according to the invention unfavorable for the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium should be chosen, whereby the term unfavorable should also be understood that way is that it means that the command variable is not exactly based on the specific idiosyncrasies the combination of the existing heating or

The cooling system and the associated heating or cooling consumers are coordinated is, one or both of the limit (s) determining this target value band is so closed change so that there are always deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper and / or below the lower limit of this setpoint range same occur, but this in the interest of avoiding unnecessary overshoots are not excessive with corresponding settling times. That means, for example in the case of a setpoint band that is too wide for specific operating conditions Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium this can be narrowed or narrowed by changing one or both of its limits. should ensure that at least one of these limits is exceeded during operation which then lead to control interventions of a suitable type and size, while vice versa a too narrow setpoint band in a corresponding way by expanding its Bandwidth can be encountered.

Also for these heating and cooling systems with continuously operated The variant of the invention relating to heat or cold generators is available to the user of the same for the first time given the possibility through a further inventive idea, with one and the same control device according to the invention according to its own Select and set different operating modes at times that are convenient for him to be able to, by for comfort mode, in which for at least one to be tempered Room one in comparison to the other room or rooms to be tempered comparatively particularly high or low room temperature is to be maintained, the higher setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a large multiple of the change immediately after a change the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator or according to a predetermined one Time span after this adjusting temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures for the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference), preferably between about 1.5 to 2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this large multiple and the by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, and / or for normal operation in which all rooms to be tempered have approximately the same room temperature to be maintained at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort, the higher setpoint of the difference between flow and return temperature of Heat transfer medium corresponding to a mean multiple of the immediate after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator or after a predetermined period of time after this adjusting temperature difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference), preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this mean multiple and by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, and / or for night setback or economy mode, in which for all rooms to be tempered approximately the same room temperature as for the presence of people, animals or goods still sufficient height is to be maintained, the larger target value of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a small Multiples of this immediately after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator or after a specified period of time after this adjusting temperature difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, also referred to here as the operating temperature difference, preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the difference between this smaller multiple and the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the same formed multiple of the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, and / or especially for heating rooms for frost protection mode, in which only one for all rooms to be heated Freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or the one leading to it Line system preventing temperature is to be maintained bigger Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a fraction of the minimum possible or minimum difference of Flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and the lower setpoint this temperature difference corresponds to a larger one compared to this one Setpoint of this temperature difference determining fraction lower or at most same fraction of the minimum possible or minimum difference between lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium is selected. For this variant of the invention it is also possible to use the bandwidth of the target value band of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium with their vanishing value to pretend d. H. the lower limit of the specified target value band of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to the above Limit the same or vice versa, the upper limit corresponding to the lower limit Select. This is a specific mode of operation of the invention bandwidth of the reference variable kept at its disappearing value, which is practical will be used where there is an extremely small difference in flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium with only very rare switching interventions What is to be expected is what would correspond to frost protection operation under certain conditions, which do not allow any or at most extremely rare dangerous temperatures to be expected, which for the pipe system carrying the heat transfer medium, the radiators and the circulation pump etc. could be harmful. Difficulties in terms of control stability are not to be expected in such an operating case of the invention.

Also for this with heating or cooling systems with continuously operated heat or cold generator dealing variant of the invention can device technology expediently the control device a storage device in which at least two, preferably more, preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the target value band the difference between the flow and return temperatures, such as for comfort , Normal, night reduction or economy or Frost protection mode, are stored, and one connected to this via at least one pulse line Switching device to switch off the effect of and switch on the effect have another of these preferred pairings, each having a pulse line with at least one of the possibly existing setpoint generation devices for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with the or at least one of the possibly existing program storage device (s) for influencing the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with at least one adjustment device that may be present for this or with at least one setpoint generator is connected. Here, too, it is useful to use the storage device the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the Setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature with in the direction increasing values of this temperature difference are preferably proportionally larger Difference and / or ratio of the respective upper and lower limit of the difference be stored by the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium. It the same advantages result, in particular with regard to the optimization of the Energy efficiency in connection with the adaptation to specific The needs of the user of the heating or cooling system are given, all under specific Consideration of the special requirements of public energy supply companies, as already mentioned above in connection with the representation of the heat or cold generator with discontinuous operation working variants of the invention are explained. It should be emphasized that here, too, it is gradual or continuous Switching from one operating mode to another is possible.

According to another subordinate idea, the invention enables For the first time a real regulation of a working with a multi-way mixing device Heating or cooling system by using this control system according to the invention for the first time The influence of change on the determinant is not based on a measured actual value Setpoint is taken, so in principle every possibility for positive feedback behavior and thus uncontrolled control oscillations is excluded especially since in such an application the invention is independent of the Use of any combination algorithms for any for the performance the heating or cooling system considered relevant physical quantities according to Art the conventional types of control. For such a case where the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, takes place, sees this subordinate inventive concept before that if there is a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper or below the lower limit of their specified Setpoint band, the supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant flow located heat transfer medium by changing the ratio of the heat transfer or cold generator into the heating or coolant flow fed into the mass flow to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ that determines this relationship the multi-way mixing device changes and which changes immediately after or after The difference between the flow and return temperatures is set within a specified period of time determined 'and with it as the limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature, which was decisive for the previous deviation, more appropriately new limit of this setpoint band, this change in the supply of heat or Cooling capacity for the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow is repeated as soon as there is again a deviation in the difference between the lead and Return temperature above the upper or below the lower limit of this through this new limit of certain setpoint band of the same occurs. It can be useful the proportion of the heat or cold generator in the heating or cooling medium Pre-feed mass flow to the total mass flow in the event of a deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the the upper limit of their specified setpoint range is reduced and when they occur a deviation in the difference between the lead and Return opening can be increased below the lower limit of their specified setpoint range. Device-wise is provided accordingly that a fuel-fired or as a heat generator Boiler fed with electrical energy and / or a primary side with a primary heat transfer medium pressurized heat exchanger, such as a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator an electro-compression chiller or a gas or diesel engine operated chiller or sorption chiller and as over the control line with the control device connected device for influencing the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or cooling medium flow a multi-way mixing device, for example one of the respective heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow and on the other hand an admixing line coming from the heating or coolant return for a three-way mixer connecting the heat transfer medium or an optional heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the heating or coolant return, respectively with the heating resp.

Coolant flow and the heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the heating or coolant return with a the heat transfer medium inlet of the heat resp.

Refrigeration generator connected return line connecting four-way mixer, is provided and that the control device a one during the operating time the device is permanently available modulated control command issuing control command transmitter, by means of which the drive of the multi-way mixing device, the setting commands as absolute values Modulation differences a constant during the operating time of the device pending operating command can be supplied, in each case when a deviation is determined the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper or below the lower limit of their specified setpoint range Supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heating or cooling system

KUhlrrilttelvurlauf the heat transfer medium by change the ratio of the heat or cold generator in the heating or cooling medium feed mass flow to the total mass flow and / or the position of the this ratio-determining organ of the multi-way mixing device can be changed is, and one via a pulse line with the devices for measurement of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device time programming device connected to determine the difference between these two temperatures has, in turn via impulse lines with a device for automatic Adjustment of one or both setpoint generator (s) or one of each setpoint generator associated device for the automatic adjustment of the same is connected.

However, this subordinate inventive concept also offers an alternative for the operation of a heating or cooling system with a change in the heating system or coolant flow located heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling power by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as a three- or four-way mixer, in that if there is a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified setpoint range in addition to the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling medium flow supplied heating or cooling power is reduced in that the setpoint of the The flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is reduced in heating mode and in cooling mode is increased, and if there is a discrepancy between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range that is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling medium flow Heating or cooling capacity is increased in that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased in heating mode and decreased in cooling mode. The device configuration corresponding to this subordinate concept of the invention the invention is made so that a fuel-fired heat generator or Boiler fed with electrical energy and / or a primary side with a primary carrier medium pressurized heat exchanger, such as a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator an electro-compression chiller or a gas or diesel engine operated chiller or sorption chiller and as over the control line with the control device connected device for influencing the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or coolant flow a multi-way mixing device, such as a respective heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow and on the other hand an admixing line coming back from the heating or coolant for a three-way mixer connecting the heat transfer medium or a heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the heating or coolant return, respectively with the heating resp.

Coolant flow and the heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the heating or coolant return with a the heat transfer medium inlet of the heat resp.

Refrigeration generator connected return line connecting four-way mixer, is provided and that the control device a one during the operating time the device constantly present modulated control command issuing control command generator has, by means of which the drive of the multi-way mixing device the control commands as modulation differences in amount during the operating time of the device constantly pending operating command can be supplied, whereby the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow in each case when determining a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified setpoint range by reducing the setpoint in heating mode and increasing the setpoint in cooling mode the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium can be reduced and in each case at Determination of a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range increase in heating mode and decrease in cooling mode in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium can be increased.

It is the same with both variants of this inventive concept those with discontinuous or continuous supply of heat or Cooling capacity for the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow via discontinuous or continuous influencing of the supply of operating energy possible to the solution a corresponding subordinate task in an expedient manner for a certain heating or cooling systems of the type discussed here with type discontinuous or continuous operation of the heat or cold generator more independent and continuously regulated via the multi-way mixing device used Operating mode of the system based on the totality of the influencing variables to which it is subject, optimal: to determine the reference variable. The invention provides for this accordingly further educational aspect of the same that when commissioning the method for Heating mode or for cooling mode with the heating or

Coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and when all throttling devices are fully open, the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference, which is also here as Commissioning temperature difference is to be designated at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference between lead and Return temperature the first time an increase in the same occurs, determined and the higher setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to this minimum possible temperature difference or a multiple or one Fraction of the same and the smaller target value of the difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to an im Comparison to this minimum possible temperature difference or this multiple or fraction of the same, smaller or at most the same multiple or fraction this minimum possible temperature difference is selected. Here, too, is recommended this procedure with preference for the "maiden voyage" for the first time Commissioning of a heating or cooling system equipped with the invention, especially since it then determines the minimum difference actually possible for this and return temperature of the heat transfer medium for maximum supply of heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator fully open position of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttling devices as the only relevant size in which all on the heating or. Influencing variables acting on the cooling system are included, provides without these needing to be determined or measured in detail, this important operating variable is also essentially dependent on the Number and type of radiators or

Cooling devices, from their interconnection, the pressure drop throughout HeXzungs- or coolant circuit, the circulation pump together with their pressure-delivery rate characteristics and the output of the respective heat or cold generator. Here, too, the Measured value of the commissioning temperature difference comprising all these quantities than for the size characteristic of the heat or cold generator had opportunities for its use within the scope of the invention.

Likewise, an expedient further development of this subordinate sees here The idea of the invention provides that in heating mode for heating up after cooling or in cooling mode for cooling after heating with the heating or cooling means before full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium as the minimum temperature difference, which is also used here as the approach temperature difference is to denote at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant The value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures is increased for the first time same occurs, is determined and the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to this minimum temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the smaller setpoint of the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium accordingly one in comparison to this minimum temperature difference or this multiple or fraction of the same, smaller or at most the same multiple or fraction this minimum possible temperature difference is selected. This also means that in in the same way as for all other operating modes described above a heating or cooling system related variants of the invention explained, an indicator is provided as to whether and, if so, which operational or plant-related Defects when changing the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium are present.

On the device side, the invention achieves this in that the control device a setpoint wai "device with an impulse line to the device to determine the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or via a Impulse line with the comparison device to determine the deviation of this Difference between flow and return temperature above the upper and / or below the Detector device connected to the lower limit of its setpoint band for determination that during the commissioning of the device for heating or cooling in the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium zupeisendr position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference of Flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference ) tu the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or the in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or

in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating the heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cooling generator to the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference between lead and Return temperature the first time an increase of the same occurs, occurring Difference between flow and return temperature and one each via an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving device connected as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generation device, the setpoint selection device and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator or

Device connected to the setpoint generators for automatic adjustment the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint range of the difference of flow and return temperature to one both in heating mode and in Cooling mode of the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (approach temperature difference) or a multiple or one Fraction of the same and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the Difference between flow and return temperature on one both in heating mode and even in cooling mode, compared to this minimum possible difference of Flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference ) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) respectively.

this multiple or fraction thereof is smaller or at most same multiple or fraction of this minimum possible difference of lead and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum Difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) Has value. It is evident that for the first time a control of a Heizuhgs- resp. Cooling system with continuous or discontinuous type, preferably but discontinuous operation of the heat or cold generator via continuous Control adjustment of a multi-way mixing device for the continuous supply of Heating or cooling capacity for the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow independent continuous operation of such a system is not only the determining function the original commissioning temperature difference for determining the reference variable the control in the form of the target value range according to the invention can be used, but this function of determination also with all already for all with 'others Operating modes of heating or cooling systems with discontinuous or continuous Operation of your heat or cold generator via discontinuous or continuous Supply of operating energy for this explained advantages of the approach temperature difference can be taken over.

Those dealing with the operation of with a multi-way mixing device Heating or cooling systems concerned variant of the invention offers according to one these expediently further-educating subordinate inventive ideas in the same way like the corresponding development of dealing with the operation of with the invention equipped heating or cooling systems with continuously operating heating or a variant dealing with cold generators also has another advantageous option, according to the invention by the bandwidth of the target value band of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium certain reference variable for the inventive regulation to be determined in such a way that the default value for this reference variable is particularly fast and also available here with a particularly high degree of accuracy shortly after starting up It can namely according to this subordinate inventive concept provided for this purpose with advantage when commissioning the method for heating or cooling the temporal change in the flow and / or return temperature and / or the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttling devices as the minimum possible temperature difference (Commissioning temperature difference) or in heating mode 'for heating up after a Cooling or, in cooling mode, the change over time for cooling after heating the flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference in flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling device flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices determined as the minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) and the the larger and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium according to the extent of this temporal change in the flow andXor the return temperature and / or the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be changed by with a larger change over time the flow and / or return temperature and / or this' temperature difference both setpoints by a larger amount and with a smaller temporal change of the Flow and / or return temperature and / or this temperature difference both Setpoints by a smaller amount compared to the minimum possible or minimum Temperature difference can be reduced. That becomes device-like the Invention in that the control device is a setpoint selection device with one via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference of flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures connected above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint band Detector device for determining during the commissioning of the device for heating mode or for cooling mode with the heating or coolant flow from Heat or cold generator supplying the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and / or that in the course of heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling after heating in the heating or coolant flow from Heat or cold generator supplying the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and one for the upper and / or the lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures one device each for specifying time spans and one via impulse lines on the one hand with this device for specifying time spans and on the other hand with the device for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or dividing device connected to the detector device for determination the temporal gradient of the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or the minimum difference between flow and Return temperature (approach temperature difference ) or a setpoint selection device each with a measuring line with the device for measuring the flow temperature and / or device connected to the device for measuring the return temperature for specifying time spans and also one via impulse lines on the one hand this device for specifying time spans and on the other hand with the Linrichtung.gur Measurement of the flow temperature and / or with the device for measuring the return temperature connected dividing device to determine the time gradient of the lead and / or the return temperature as well as one or one over each Impulse lines on the one hand with the dividing device (s) and on the other hand Device connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint generator for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a stepping stone setting or a change in set values of the upper and lower limit of the Setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature on both at Heating mode as well as cooling mode for a larger determined time Gradients of the flow temperature and / or the return temperature and / or the difference between the same the time gradient determined by a coarser amount and for a smaller one the flow and / or the return temperature and / or the difference between the same the minimum possible difference from the lead time reduced by a smaller amount and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or minimum difference corresponding value of flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) having. In terms of the agility and accuracy of detection of the optimal Value for the reference variable from the time gradient of the lead and / or Return temperature and / or difference between these temperatures of the heat transfer medium the same advantages are given here as with the one with continuous influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator for the purpose of continuous Change in the supply of heat or

Cooling capacity to that located in the heating or coolant flow Heat transfer medium working embodiment of the invention.

Likewise, the last-described embodiment also has a comparison to the First commissioning of the system is more important for the start-up of the same from their night operation to their working operation, as this so-called "start-up process" practically repeated from lay to day and with quick review and / or if necessary, readjustment of the reference variable for special energy savings able to lead.

Even with this type of over-continuous operation of a multi-way mixing device one that is even operated discontinuously from the heat or cold generator side Heating or cooling system has a training according to another subordinate Inventive idea particularly proven, according to which after a change a the limits of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium which is directly afterwards or after a specified period of time, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) as the limit of the specified target value band that determines this change Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium new limit of this target value band is selected. This also results here a kind of self-learning process for the reference variable of the control method according to the Invention. In cases where these are not specific for whatever reason on the external and in particular internal system-specific and / or due to of climatic zone and / or location and / or thermal insulation or the like and / or the user-related properties of the respective heating or cooling system Can be coordinated from the outset, as well as with continuous feed the operating energy to the heat or cold generator and related to the same With such a system described advantages an automatic can be realized that regardless of any pre-setting and / or adjustment by the heating engineer via a simple, quick and convenient adjustment of a quick access enabling company size in the form of a suitable change in the ratio of above the supply branch of the multi-way mixing device on the heat or cold generator side supplied mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or a suitable change in the position of this mass flow ratio determining Organ of the same generates the optimal reference variable. This is done on the device side provided that the control device is connected to the measuring devices via pulse lines for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two Time programming device connected to temperatures to initiate simultaneous Measurements of flow and return temperature or for intake and / or discharge a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices for flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium delivered simultaneous measured values of this two temperatures for a predetermined period of time by the device to determine the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures and one or one each via pulse lines on the one hand with this device for Determination of the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures and with the time programming device and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint device connected device for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a follow-up of the which is immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a change in one of the limits of the target value band the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, the operating temperature difference, corresponding change the limit of the So 11 value band of the difference, which determines this temperature difference of flow and return temperature to a new limit value.

For the procedural implementation of this subordinate inventive concept This is also the case with this type of use of the invention for heating and cooling systems with multi-way mixing device proved to be particularly useful if after a Change of one of the limits of the setpoint band of the difference between flow and Return temperature or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium that of the immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time as the the limit of the specified target value band of the difference that determines this change temperature difference that sets the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (Operating temperature difference) does not correspond to the limit of this setpoint range in the same sense as that for changing one of the limits of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium and preferably proportional to the change in the same is changed. According to the invention, the device can then expediently be provided for this purpose be that the control device one or each one via pulse lines on the one hand with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature and with the time programming device and on the other hand device connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the So11we.9ebern for automatic adjustment of the same or of the same in terms of tracking the which of the immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a Change of one of the limits of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and Return temperature or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium setting difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding change in this temperature difference or this setpoint of the The flow temperature of the heat transfer medium does not determine the limit of the setpoint range the difference between the flow and return temperatures in the same direction as the Tracking of the of the itself immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a change in one of the limits of the setpoint band, the difference between the flow and return temperature or the setpoint the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) corresponding change in this The limit of the setpoint range that determines the temperature difference is the difference between the flow and return temperature and preferably also by one to the extent of the tracking thereof having proportional measure.

It can be seen that even with one with a multi-way mixing device working embodiment of the invention is thereby given the opportunity if that is the reference variable that determines the control according to the invention Setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium should be chosen unfavorable, whereby the term unfavorable here too is to be understood that it means that the reference variable is not exactly on the specific peculiarities of the combination of the respective existing heating or Cooling system and the associated heat or cold consumer is coordinated, the to change one or both of the limit (s) determining this target value band in such a way that that there are always deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper and / or below the lower limit of this setpoint range of the same occur, but these are in the interest of this subordinate finding concept avoiding unnecessary harmonics with corresponding settling times are oversized. Here, too, this means that, for example, for a specific Operating conditions too far selected setpoint band of the difference from flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium this by changing the one or both of its limits can or should be so narrowed that they are exceeded at least one of these limits is guaranteed during operation, which then leads to control interventions suitable type and size, or vice versa.

Also for those heating or cooling systems in which the continuous Operation even in spite of a discontinuous heating or cooling system. Cold generator via a multi-way mixing device forced is, the user of a heating system equipped with this variant of the invention or cooling system through a further inventive idea for the first time the possibility given, with one and the same control device according to the invention according to his own choice and determination of different modes of operation at times convenient for him to be able to adjust. For this purpose, namely, for comfort mode, in which for at least one room to be tempered one compared to the other to be tempered Room or rooms comparatively particularly high or

To maintain a low room temperature, the higher the setpoint corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium a large multiple of the change immediately after changing one of the limits of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium or after a specified period of time according to this adjusted temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, which is also referred to here as the operating temperature difference is, preferably between about 1.5 to 2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this large multiple and the by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, and / or for normal operation in which all rooms to be tempered have approximately the same room temperature to be maintained at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort, the higher setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a mean multiple of the change immediately after a change one of the limits of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium or after a specified period of time after this adjusting temperature difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium * those here too is to be referred to as the operating temperature difference, preferably between about the 1.2 to 1.5 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the difference between this mean multiple and the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the same formed multiple of the operating temperature difference is to be designated, reduced operating temperature difference, and / or for night reduction or economy mode, where all rooms to be tempered have approximately the same room temperature of sufficient height for people, animals or goods to stay in is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a small multiple of the immediately after a change in one of the limits of the setpoint band of the difference in flow and return temperature or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium or after a predetermined period of time after this adjusting temperature difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, which is also used here as the operating temperature difference is to be designated, preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this smaller multiple and by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, and / or especially for heating rooms for frost protection operation, in which for all to be heated Only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or spaces to maintain the room temperature preventing this leading pipe system is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a fraction of the minimum possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a comparison to this fraction which determines the larger setpoint of this temperature difference lesser or at most equal fraction of the minimum possible or minimum The difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be selected.

It is also possible for this variant of the invention to change the bandwidth of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium to specify with their disappearance value, d. H. the lower limit of the specified target value range corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium the upper limit of the same or, conversely, the upper limit corresponding to the lower limit to choose. This is a specific mode of operation of the invention with the range of the reference variable kept at its disappearing value, which is practical will be used where there is an extremely small difference in flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium with only very rare switching interventions What is to be expected is what would correspond to frost protection operation under conditions which do not allow any or at most extremely rare ear temperatures to be expected, which for the pipe system carrying the heat transfer medium, the radiators and the circulation pump etc. could be harmful. There are difficulties related to the stability of the regulation also in this preferred embodiment of the invention, which with continuous Supply of the heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant supply located heat transfer medium via a multi-way mixing device works, too not to be expected in such an operating case.

Also for this in the manner described with a multi-way mixing device Working variant of the invention can expediently use the control device in terms of device technology a storage device in which at least two, preferably more, are preferred Pairings of Upper and lower limits of the target value range of the difference of flow and return temperature, such as for comfort, normal, Economy, night reduction or frost protection mode are saved, and one via at least one impulse line connected to this switching device for switching off the action of one and inclusion of the action of another of these preferred ones Have pairings that each have a pulse line with at least one de any existing target value educational institutions for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with the or at least one of the possibly existing program storage device (s) for the Influence of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with at least one adjustment device that may be present for this or with at least one setpoint generator is connected. Here, too, it is useful to use the storage device the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the Setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature with in the direction increasing values of this temperature difference, preferably proportionally larger Difference and / or ratio of the respective upper and lower limit of the difference of flow and return temperature deg heat transfer medium stored sean. It the same advantages result, in particular with regard to the optimization of the Energy efficiency Sn connection with adaptation to specific needs of the user of the heating or cooling system, if necessary with special consideration the special demands of public utility companies like this one above in connection with the presentation of the other variants of the Invention are explained. Depending on the design of the device according to the invention, in particular with regard to their control device and / or depending on the needs of the user of the same is also here a step-by-step or continuous changeover from an operating mode on another possible.

All described variants of the invention are therefore independent of whether they have heating or cooling systems with a change in the heating or cooling medium heating or cooling power supplied in advance via discontinuous or continuous Influencing the supply of operating energy to your heat or cold generator or via continuous actuation of a multi-way mixing device concern, in common that the invention on the one hand the possibility of an optimizing Self-tracking of the control variables is offered, but on the other hand also one for a specific heating or cooling system based on the totality of the influencing variables, to which it is subject, optimal reference variable for the regulation of the same is determined will. This will be preferred on the "maiden voyage" for the first time Commissioning of a heating or cooling system equipped with the invention full opening of all throttle devices the same determined and then provides the actual minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium as the only relevant quantity in which all of the heating or cooling system acting influencing variables are included without these in detail would need to be determined or measured, but which is essentially dependent the number and type of radiators or cooling devices, their interconnection, the pressure drop in the entire heating or

Coolant circuit, the circulating pump and their pressure-delivery rate characteristics and the performance of the respective heat or

Cold generator. All of these variables are automatically included in the measured value the commissioning temperature difference, regardless of the type of the respective Heating or cooling system, so that this measured value as for the heat or cold consumer The characteristic variable can be used to advantage for the purposes of the invention.

Furthermore, all the variants of the invention described have in common that they offer indicators that a leak in the heat transfer medium is leading Line system including the circulation pump is present or that either one or several of the automatically acting throttle device (s) is or are defective by these no longer move or move out of the throttling and thus the minimum possible temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Start-up temperature difference) is no longer reached, or that the circulation pump z. B. over a certain bearing play or a defect in your drive no longer brings its nominal output or target output or this circulation pump or the pipe network carrying the heat transfer medium is calcified. In all cases equally for the first time the opportunity for a convenient and inexpensive Selection of the individual sources of error opened up.

What should be emphasized in this context is that if you follow has found the criteria outlined above that it is in the course of a determined increase in the difference between the flow and return temperatures from their original commissioning value to a higher value in the form of the so-called Approach temperature difference is only a calcification of the system, this definitely can continue driving in the previous manner, with the determined higher starting temperature difference the function of determining the original commissioning temperature difference for the definition of the control variable in the form of the setpoint value according to the invention can take over, which has the advantage that in such a case a service technician can be dispensed with.

For this purpose, according to another variant described for all subordinate inventions applicable to the invention when the Procedure for heating mode or for cooling mode at full load or for the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (Commissioning temperature difference) and in heating mode for heating up after a Cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full load or in the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio from egg-fed mass flow to determine the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible or minimum temperature difference (approach temperature difference) determined and if there is a deviation in the minimum temperature difference (start-up temperature difference) the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) the specified setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium depending on the ratio of minimal iu minimal possible The difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be changed. Accordingly, the control device can expediently be a setpoint selection device with one or one each, preferably via a measured value line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via each an impulse line with the device for determining the difference at the same time Measured values of flow and return temperature connected detector device for Determination of the difference between flow and return temperature when the first occurs Change in the same in the course of commissioning the device for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from Heat or cold generator supplying the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (start-up temperature difference) and in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cooling generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as Minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (start-up temperature difference) and a measured value storage device for the minimum possible difference in advance and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and, on the other hand, via a measuring value line in each case with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device for determining the Uiferenz at the same time Measured values of flow and return temperature - the via an impulse line with the Detector device connects sliding device to determine deviations the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) of the minimum possible difference between flow and cooling air temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and a ratio forming device connected to this via a pulse line have, which each have a pulse line with at least one of the target value formation devices for the upper resp.

Lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures or with the or at least one of the program memory device (s) for influencing of the setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature or with at least one adjusting device for this or with at least one setpoint generator connected and by means of which the relevant target value formation device or program storage device or adjusting device or the relevant setpoint generator in the sense of a change of the specified setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium depending on the ratio of the minimum difference of Flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) too minimally possible Difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) is adjustable. As can be seen, this enables one in accordance with the invention Well-equipped heating or cooling system with the same good function can continue to operate if they are in the manner described with respect to their Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium causes a drift to with regard to their original commissioning temperature difference has higher or lower values. It should be emphasized that although the Continued operation of the system in the event of a drift in the difference between the flow and return temperatures lower values with regard to the commissioning temperature difference are entirely possible is that such an operation is at best under extreme conditions can recommend, since it means that there is some kind of defect in the The area of the heat or cold generator is present, as explained in detail above, which should therefore be subjected to an immediate inspection. This kind of Operation will therefore mainly justify itself as emergency operation.

In addition, such a drift can expediently also be used in other ways be exploited by in further development of the invention according to another subordinate thoughts of the same when commissioning the method for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or

with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) and in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after cooling down Heating at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or Cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position which determines the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttles facilities the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determined as the minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) and when it occurs a predetermined deviation of the minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) of the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference ) this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible, for this purpose can expediently at least one signaling device for outputting an optical and / or acoustically perceptible information can be provided, the control device a setpoint selection device with one or one each, preferably each over a Mellwertleitung with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature the heat transfer medium or via a pulse line with the device to determine the difference between simultaneous measured values for flow and return temperatures connected detector device to determine the difference between the flow and return temperatures when the first change occurs during commissioning of the Device for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or for the heating respectively.

Coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum possible difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (commissioning temperature difference) and in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating up at full load or when heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices as a minimum difference of Flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) and a measured value storage device for the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via each a measuring line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from the flow and Cooling 1 air temperature or via an impulse line with the. Detector device connected comparison device to determine deviations in the minimum difference between flow and return temperatures (Temperature difference) from the minimum possible difference between flow and Return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) with a limit detector device which each have a pulse line with the signaling device (s) is connected and by means of which these are used to make perceptible a or falling below a predetermined value corresponding to such a deviation Irregularity can be activated or

are. The advantage of this subordinate inventive concept is, that this is a heating or cooling system equipped accordingly according to the invention makes it particularly service-friendly. Because it can do the same to the operator in this way the prediction can be given that he will no longer drive economically, but something must be done because either the circulation pump is defective or one or more the local throttle device (s) hangs or hang, because all of them are fully open Throttle devices no longer the required small difference between flow and Return temperature is reached and this state is reported, what with conventional Means neither with known outside temperature or weather-compensated control even with known regulation with tracked according to a predetermined algorithm The setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is achievable. Here comes This subordinate idea of the invention for cooling operation is of increased importance because the use of energy for cooling is comparatively very valuable. Therefore should one ensures that the message is already at a small distance from the minimum Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (start-up temperature difference) the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Commissioning temperature difference), but in any case with a smaller distance of this kind than is caused by heating.

While in the defects described above, the difference of Flow and return temperatures compared to their minimum possible or minimum Value (commissioning or start-up temperature difference) increases, it can also happen that the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) no longer reached their previous value, but only with a comparative value lower value is observed. That can only mean that the achievement of the heat or cold generator has decreased, what from the various above reasons already explained in detail may be the case.

The invention offers, however, according to a further training it expediently Design also still not considered feasible in the professional world up to now Possibility to deliver a for the user of a heating or cooling system of the type described extremely valuable additional information, namely in the absence of a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of their setpoint range at all and / or in the absence of any a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of their setpoint range within a specified range Time span made this irregularity visually and / or acoustically perceptible will. For this purpose, at least one signaling device can expediently be provided on the device side provided for the delivery of optically and / or acoustically perceptible information which is connected to a release device via an impulse line, which in turn via an impulse line with the comparison device of the control device to determine the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper and / or below the lower limit of its setpoint range and / or is connected to a measured value storage device via a pulse line with this and / or with one each via a measuring line to the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or above one impulse line each with the device for determining the difference contemporary Measured values of flow and return temperature connected time control device Recording and / or calling up one or more values of the determined difference of flow and return temperature or one each via impulse lines the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature connected time control device for recording and / or output of a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices for flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium delivered at the same time Measurements of these two temperatures connected during a predetermined period of time is connected and more at the same time from this in the absence of a deviation in the difference Measured values of flow and return temperature above the upper limit of their setpoint range at all and / or more at the same time in the absence of a deviation in the difference Measured values of flow and return temperature above the upper limit of their setpoint range within a specified period of time to make this irregularity perceptible can be activated.

This allows with simple and inexpensive and yet extremely high reliable media are communicated to the user of a heating or cooling system, that this works with a considerable loss of heating or cooling energy, like that for example in heating operation z. B. can then be the case when it is to be heating house or the like does not keep closed, but for example through e; n constantly open window one with a high room temperature setpoint operated room wastes energy so that he can take appropriate measures. Incidentally, this is even more important for cooling operation, because in this case Eliminating such a cooling energy leakage is comparatively much more important Costs can be saved than in heating mode. The same information occurs though even in a case compared to this one which is only associated with waste of energy more serious case of a real defect in the heating or cooling system, namely whenever one or several of the local ones automatically acting throttle devices are defective in such a way that, despite the presence of a feedback pulse from their open position can no longer move back into a closed position. And it could also mean that the output of the heat or cold generator is no longer sufficient. These important disruptive factors can also be subordinated to this Immediately make inventive ideas perceptible.

The invention offers according to a further subordinate inventive concept but also another one that was not previously considered feasible in the professional world Possibility of improving the operation of the regulation in the interests of simplification and cheaper while at the same time saving technically highly qualified commissioning staff with many years of experience or the need for time-consuming and costly training of the user.

In this non-obvious embodiment, the invention creates In accordance with the sub-task on which this is based, the opportunity for the first time to To be able to integrate a kind of system-immanent intelligence into the regulation this subordinate concept of the invention provides that over a predetermined period of time the number of deviations of the difference between the lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper and / or below the lower Limit of your setpoint range and / or the number of changes that occur during operation in the form of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases the supply of heating or cooling power to the flow in the heating or cooling medium located heat transfer medium or

the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium and measured according to the deviation of this number from a predetermined number of such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures respectively.

the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium or changes in this heat or cooling power supply the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is changed.

This is a kind of self-learning process in which the Device according to the invention for its own predetermined bandwidth for itself the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium recorded, and this in fulfillment of a further underlying subordinate Sub-task in such a way that there is always an optimum for energy saving while maximizing the Maintenance interval or service life is set. The important advantage of this is that it is essential for achieving optimal operation when designing the Au''s of the invention according to this subordinate idea of the same practically does not depend on it it is important whether one or both limits of the setpoint range is the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium close to the optimum from the start Work value is set or

are, rather also if on the part of the installer or the Operator of a heating system equipped with the invention in this embodiment or cooling system, less favorable values for the guide size in the form of the one according to the invention Setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium should have been adjusted, the device according to the invention itself through introspection, d. H. taking measurements and processing in chronological order these measured values, in a suitable manner, changed their own setpoint band so that it is both the set desired operating mode and the prevailing system-immanent and / or influenced by the external environment , whereby in the case of an unfavorable initial choice of one or both limit (s) of the The setpoint band only results in a relatively slightly longer time is until the device according to the invention in the respective optimal setpoint band has run in automatically.

In a further improvement of the device according to the invention in the direction of the possibility of self-learning via the flow-return temperature difference can expediently the control device, preferably via a respective measured value line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and or via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference at the same time Measured values of flow and return temperature connected time control device Recording and / or calling up one or more values of the determined difference of flow and return temperature or one each via impulse lines with the Measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values Time control device connected to the flow and return temperature for recording and / or output of a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices for flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium delivered at the same time Readings of these two temperatures during a given period of time, one Comparison device for determining the size and / or direction of any Deviation of the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperatures above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified target value range the difference between flow and return temperature, a counter for the any deviations from this difference that have occurred during this predetermined period of time timely measured values, a program storage facility for a given during this predetermined period of time permissible number of; Deviations occurring during operation the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature over the upper and / or below the lower limit of their target value band and a detector device to determine any deviation from the one determined by the counting device Number of deviations that may have occurred during this predetermined period of time Difference between measured values at the same time and those specified by the program memory device permissible number of deviations from this difference for this predetermined period of time simultaneous measured values and one via an impulse line with at least one of the Device connected to the setpoint generator for the automatic change of the target value range respectively.

at least one of its limits depending on this by the Detector device determined deviation of the number of deviations that have occurred the difference between simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium of the permissible number of the same.

Should, however, with a corresponding configuration of the device of the invention, the self-learning can be done via the switching cycles of the same according to an inventive variant of this last-mentioned subordinate inventive concept Preferably the control device is a counting device for determining the number that changes in shape that occur during a given period of time in operation of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases in the Supply of heating or cooling power to the one located in the heating or coolant flow Heat transfer medium or

Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium with counter for these changes, a program storage device for one predetermined number of such changes permitted during this predetermined period of time and a detector device for determining any deviation from the counter the counting device determined number of such during this predetermined period of time any changes that have occurred from those specified by the program storage device permissible number of such changes for this predetermined period of time as well as a A device connected to the setpoint transmitter via an impulse line for automatic Change in the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of from this deviation of the number of occurrences determined by the detector device Have changes in the permissible number of the same.

In all of these cases, the desired self-learning can be achieved accordingly an invented Indian development of this subordinate inventive concept take place that when measuring a compared to the predetermined number of deviations the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium via the upper and / or below the lower limit of their target value band and / or the number the changes in the supply of heating or cooling capacity to the heating or cooling system The heat transfer medium located in the coolant flow or the heat transfer medium that occurs during operation Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium are greater Number of such deviations in the difference between flow and return temperature or

Changes in this heat or cooling power supply or the im Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium that occur during operation the upper and / or lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium in the direction of increasing the Difference between these two limits changed and when measuring one compared to the specified Number of deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range and / or the Number of changes in the supply of heating or cooling capacity to the heating system or coolant flow located heat transfer medium or that occurring during operation Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium are less Number of such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium or changes in this heat or

Cooling capacity supply or the changes occurring during operation of the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium the upper and / or the Lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium in the direction of reducing the difference between these two Boundaries is changed.

The expedient further development of the device according to the invention is characterized by a through the facility for automatic change of the target value band when determining a number of deviations from a specified number the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper and / or below the lower limit of your setpoint range or

one versus a predetermined number of changes in shape of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases in the Supply of heating or cooling power to the one located in the heating or coolant flow Heat transfer medium or

Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium larger number of such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or such Changes in this heat or cooling power supply or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of an increase in the difference between the two limits this target value band and when determining a number compared to a predetermined number such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or one compared to a given number of such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or one compared to a predetermined number of such changes of the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium lower number of such Deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or such Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in terms of a reduction in the difference between the two limits of this target value band adjustable Setpoint generator.

It should be emphasized in this context that this self-learning the device according to the invention especially when using the same in conjunction with heat pumps or chillers operated with electrical energy are advantageous has an effect by namely achieving a particularly gentle operation for them and also without complex implementations the regulations of the public Energy supply companies with regard to, for example, the permissible number of switch-on processes per unit of time, e.g. B. 3 times per hour by simply programming a corresponding Sufficient control algorithm can be done.

In summary, the invention of the use of both P and PI or PD and PlD controllers unexpectable beneficial effects opened up. Such controller types are known per se, and through the use of such known controllers in conjunction with that with a band-based setpoint specification for the difference between flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium working invention achievable advantages are already explained in detail above.

However, this is the first time through the invention with its target value range specification Provided possibility to emphasize that the control device in the sense of a Self-learning an adaptation of their own control constants in the form of amplification and / or the lead time and / or the reset time to the individual room-specific and / or location and / or climate-related and / or user-related and / or operational peculiarities of the respective heating or cooling system can do it yourself.

Seen as a whole, the invention provides a wide variety of products Reasons that can be combined to form an appropriate interaction have been one of the experts in the field so far as an inaccessible possibility of energy saving and correspondingly economical leading to the operation of heating and cooling systems. In addition, that a manufacturer or factory setting of the control constants of the control device can be made according to the invention as the first meaningful setting, with a Such adjustment does not even need to be particularly precise, because the invention can be designed in such a way that they learn their control constants by means of self-learning adjusts itself optimizing.

It is also advantageous that a manufacturer or factory setting the one or both limit (s) of the reference variable for the regulation according to the Invention-releasing setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of an average optimal specification the reference variable can be made as the first meaningful setting without the operator of the equipped with the control device according to the invention Heating or cooling system would be prevented, depending on your own needs Choosing the setpoint band as a reference variable, which means that it is not just about saving is referenced, but also unusual load cases, such as with heating operation one warm north face and one cold south face of his house, since he has complete independence for the first time the control or equipped with a control device according to the invention Heating or cooling system provided by any boundary conditions will.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provided by the invention The Invention continues to provide the ability for self-discovery for a particular Heating or cooling system based on the totality of the influencing variables to which it is subject, optimal reference variable. The invention can also be interpreted so that a heating or cooling system equipped with this controls itself to whether you have any system and / or operational defects appeared.

Furthermore, for the first time, the invention shows a possibility the user of a heating or cooling system on the one hand to waste energy and on the other hand on a local defect of one or more of the radiators or To indicate automatically acting throttle device (s) assigned to cooling devices.

For all these advantageous embodiments of the invention are the details of the same have already been explained in detail above.

The invention is also distinguished from the prior art in that the user is given the opportunity for the first time through this the hand is given, with one and the same control device according to the invention according to his own choice and determination, different modes of operation, such as Comfort, normal, night reduction or night-time heating or economy mode or the like, to be able to set times that are convenient for him. By this possibility The choice of tapes is up to the user of the invention or the operator of the invention equipped heating - or cooling system given the opportunity to this on the one hand with locally differently distributed heat or cold loads drive, for example in heating mode when using the comfort band that he has in the rest does not need to be used throughout the year, but only as desired or need, but at the same time a special economy despite keeping it open all possibilities for maintaining room temperatures of practically any high level in some of the rooms to be heated to be able to achieve that at times low heat demand a more economical operation corresponding setpoint band, for example a normal or economy band, which allows control operation to be determined in which all others Rooms with comparatively much lower heat loads or room temperatures are served will. The same naturally also applies to cooling mode. Here lies the special Economic efficiency in that the greatest load peak is not always used must, but one for the times of lower heat or cold load, such as in heating mode, for example, depending on the season in the transition period and / or user-related with night reduction, with a more favorable setpoint range of the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium can be satisfied. This is the case with conventional control or control types not possible. Here only has to be limited in time for a particular person Occurring need for the whole year or for the entire time of day sufficient heating or cooling capacity is available, d. i.e. that in the times is driven very uneconomically without this need, or the operator such a heating or cooling system must always be his for every need Change the heating curve.

For all with discontinuous supply of heating or cooling power for heating or coolant supply systems, in which usually, but by no means necessary, worked with a low heat transfer medium template is, for example, in the boiler with a low water reserve or for example instantaneous water heaters known as thermal baths or geysers or heat pumps or

Chillers without buffer storage as heat or cold generator used is a closed-loop or open-loop control with a constant setpoint as the reference variable just as inoperable as one according to the state of the art the setpoint is preferably dependent on the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is tracked by the actual behavior of the system. Conventional regulations with guidance about the outside temperature are in all systems of this type, the one proportionate large spread between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium difficult to achieve because after switching off the value of the flow temperature no longer differs from that of the return temperature and thus during the Off-time is a large difference to the weather-compensated flow temperature setting occurs.

Here the heat or cold generator would have to be constantly clocked in order to do this to maintain temperature, unless artificial delay elements etc. use or specify such a large hysteresis that the influence of the guide through Outside temperature or

Weather would practically be eliminated. Here neither could on implementation Measures based in the control device still have a reference room effective remedy create, which would also produce a time expansion because the space is not immediately warms up or cools down, so it is itself a time spreading device that provides a time buffer. The one that appears here cannot be overlooked either Disadvantage that a certain amount of oversupply of energy must always be provided, d. H. the temperature of the reference room can be set too high by a certain amount must in order to avoid that the other rooms suffer from insufficient energy supply.

While with conventional controls with continuous feed the heating or cooling capacity in the heating or coolant flow is the advantage The continuity is only exploited in such a way that the continuity in these regulations is only aimed at external system variables, such as holding a Flow temperature as a function of the outside temperature or a reference room temperature, and thus not the real consumption of the user, but something that is inherently contrary to the system physical size traced becomes what leads to that practically all automatically acting throttling devices in one during heating operation Closed position too large or in an open position that is too low in cooling mode because external influences are practically not detectable here, offers an implementation of the invention with a change in the flow in the heating or cooling medium Heat or cooling power supplied to the heat transfer medium through continuous change the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is a real internal reference value in the form of the changes in the difference of Flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, which allows the performance of the heat or cold generator exactly to the point in time or in the course the operating time occurring heat resp.

Coordinate the cooling energy demand and also the regulation especially to be able to continuously track this actual consumption in fine increments.

Apart from the fact that when using the invention in connection with multi-way mixers of whatever design result in the same advantages, as already described in connection with continuously operating systems with a control system by means of a change in the heating system or coolant supply located heat transfer medium or

Cooling capacity working through such a multi-way mixing device Execution of the invention also has a further number of popular advantages a. In principle, it is a heating or cooling system that works in on-off mode or device generally cheaper than a continuously operating corresponding one Plant or device, however, it has been found that in the former case even when the invention is used, there is a broader target value band for the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium is used as in the case of a continuously operating system or device, because of the on-off operation in principle always emits too much energy by a certain amount, so you do when you have chosen too tight a band, an undesirable one Time behavior receives. In order to reduce this and to achieve a more energy-saving, narrow target value range for the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium come, uses the invention in its embodiment working with multi-way mixers the smoothing function of such a mixer by changing its So II value band, d. H. the setpoint band for the adjustment of its valve member, in turn, comparatively can be kept narrow.

The resulting surprisingly favorable consequence is that as a result, the discontinuous, with little additional effort for the multi-way mixer working system to a quasi-continuously working system with all advantages a continuously operating system can be made. This will also also the disadvantages of a mixer controlled in a conventional manner with outside temperature working system in which the mixer depends on the outside temperature a flow setpoint is impressed so that it is continuous, but already continuously contrary to the system and not based on actual needs traces, switched off, which are otherwise the same as for a conventional one System with, for example, continuously weather-compensated burner.

The sub-task on which the invention is based is the most extensive possible Another is dedicated to saving energy consumption for the first time through the invention possible inventive training, according to the one for the beginning of a cooling and / or for the start of heating - a setpoint band of the difference between flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium with one at only a fraction the difference between the flow and return temperatures that takes effect for day-to-day operation minimum possible difference between the upper and lower limit of this setpoint band is specified with a time tolerance threshold. In terms of device, this can expediently be provided that the control device for the beginning of a cooling and / or for the start of heating to the minimum possible difference between upper and lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium has setpoint generators and a timing device, by means of which, in heating mode, cooling is accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or heating is delayed by a predetermined period of time or in cooling mode a heating accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or a cooling can be initiated delayed by a predetermined period of time.

It can be seen that in a heating system, if according to the invention of lagbetrieb, as always this as comfort or normal or also Economy mode may be selected, to night mode from a setpoint band larger Width to such a very narrow width as a reference variable for night setback operation is switched, according to the task, an energy saving in night reduction mode results. This is initiated via a timing device with a timer and finished. In the course of the introduction, the actual value must be the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, which is properly within both limits of their setpoint band or above the upper or below the lower limit of the same may be on one of the setpoint band for night setback operation appropriate value. Is now by the measuring device for the Actual value of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium found that this, for example, already a period of time before the programmed Switching time is on the decline, it is to be regarded as desirable if this decrease to the lower value corresponding to the night setback operation already could now be released and avoided that the heat generator again Pushes thermal power into the pipe system carrying the heat transfer medium, although on the basis of the individual operating conditions at this point in time actually had to take care of this. Here is according to this subordinate inventive concept intervened in such a way that the preprogrammed or by the operator of the heating system individually selected switchover time is preceded by a time tolerance threshold becomes, making such unnecessary Energy supply measures already be avoided at the beginning of this time tolerance threshold. The same applies of course even if to the programmed or individually by the operator of the system set time, for example, on the morning of the coming day, the difference of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium from their setpoint range for night setback operation again in a preprogrammed one or by the operator the system's individually set daytime operation with a corresponding setpoint range is to be transferred as a reference variable. Here eg can be of advantage if the heating-up time on the basis of an inventive idea that is subordinate to this applied temporal tolerance threshold compared to the programmed or the Device according to the invention postponed predetermined time by the operator will. Even in such cases, valuable energy savings result because it is based on the actual value monitoring of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium through the invention of the night setback operation Heating system also according to the preprogrammed or operator-set At the time of returning to l'agesbetrieb then still left the opportunity to for the temporal tolerance threshold following this point in time under influence the cone for night setback operation, if, i the actual value of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium within the setpoint range for night reduction in the direction of the lower limit, d. H. towards feeder higher heat output, moved to then within the for this switching process provided time tolerance threshold or compulsory after the same to be switched to daytime operation, which is now the supply of a corresponding means greater heat output to the pipe system leading to the heat transfer medium. Similarly, this subordinate can only be achieved with a considerably greater energy-saving effect The idea of the invention can be made usable for cooling operation. But while in heating mode cooling is accelerated by a predetermined period of time (switching to night reduction mode) and / or heating up delayed by a predetermined period of time (switch back on Daytime operation) takes place, in cooling operation there is a heating by a predetermined amount Time span accelerated (switch to night mode) and / or a cooling down by initiated after a predetermined period of time (switch back to daytime operation). In all cases, however, according to this subordinate inventive concept depending on the respective control behavior of the respective heating or Cooling system so influence the preprogrammed resp.

Preset changeover time from daytime operation to night setback operation ' and / or, conversely, taken that energy losses of heating or cooling energy in be kept to a minimum in each case. In this respect, too, lies in an execution the invention according to this subordinate idea of the same a kind of self-learning function before.

And finally, yet another subordinate idea of the invention is concerned likewise with a subordinate task to the underlying task of the invention Overall task, namely without special additional investments and furthermore to the operator of a heating system without labor-intensive and dirt-intensive installation respectively.

Cooling system as a consumer has an operating cost display at hand should be given. For this purpose, the invention provides that continuously or at predetermined time intervals in the heating or coolant flow or Return flow total mass flow of the heat transfer medium measured and if desired is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. In further appropriate training this subordinate inventive concept can be continuous or in predetermined Time intervals from the determined from the measured values of the flow and return temperature The difference between these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the measured value of the total mass flow flowing in the heating or coolant supply or return the same a measured value fed into the heating or coolant flow Formed heating or cooling power and this, if desired, optically and / or can be made acoustically perceptible.

For this purpose, on the device side, one can use at least one measured value line with the control device connected device for continuous or in predetermined Measurement of the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium taking place at intervals be provided, the control device on the one hand with this and on the other hand each via a measuring line with the measuring devices for the flow and the Return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line with the Device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium connected multiplier for continuous formation of the products or taking place at predetermined time intervals from measured values of the obtained continuously or at predetermined time intervals Total mass flow and the difference between the simultaneously determined measured values of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and preferably also via a pulse line connected to this multiplier device for optical and / or acoustic display of a measured value in the heating or cooling means pre-fed heat or

Cooling capacity corresponding result of the multiplier having.

It is fair to say that by doing this, with the most simple and inexpensive In the middle, the consumer is automatically informed about his heating or cooling consumption can be. This means that the consumer is always energy conscious can control and change because he is constantly shown how much Energy in particular due to his own self-selected setting of an operating mode is consumed. The making perceptible can be done in such a way that through suitable choice of appropriate display devices the consumption in kW / h and / or displayed in currency / time units, for example DM per hour, day, month or year will. The operator of the system is in particular informed about the possibility of comfort Being able to choose normal and economy mode conveys that comfort is just his Price has ".

In addition, it has been found to be extremely useful when in further expedient development of the invention, the control device in two with each other related functional groups, one of which is the facilities for those Includes functions that usually do not or during the heating or cooling period are rarely changed, and preferably in the vicinity of the heat or cold generator and / or any three- or four-way mixer is arranged, while the other includes the facilities for the functions adjustable by the user, and is arranged as a room switching station in convenient proximity of the user. The result of this resulting advantages, in particular with regard to the special user-friendliness by the utmost convenience in handling the invention or those equipped with it Heating and cooling systems are obvious.

In summary, it can be stated that the invention is not just a first creates the possibility of heating or cooling systems with continuously depending on the choice or regardless of the supply of heating or cooling power in on-off operation the type and design of the heat or cold generator with the same equipment Funds with the corresponding advantages in terms of storage, cost price, Create and / or operate assembly costs etc., but also in all cases to be able to drive energy consumption optimized in a previously unattainable way, the rest of the regulation according to the invention in various ways' itself also self-learning processes in the sense of an influence by the system operator can undergo independent automatic optimization. The favorable consequence of this is in particular also a particularly extensive avoidance of standstill losses the heat or boiler and the other l'ei'le of the system and in particular in discontinuous systems the avoidance of frequent '' clocking, the regulation according to the invention makes it superfluous, simulations of individual or all rooms of the heating or cooling system in question according to the invention to be heated or to be cooled or special dynamic load calculations with not already known in individual cases and at best only laboriously and laboriously to determine heat conduction or heat transfer values to carry out observations of cardinal directions, to take climate zones into account and the same.

In addition, reference should be made to the fact that if above or below Boilers are spoken of as heat generators, this term also as gas or Oil-fired instantaneous water heaters, so-called thermal baths or geysers, working devices also includes, in that this is fundamentally different from the devices commonly referred to as boilers differ only in that they are practically none or at most extremely work with a small amount of heat transfer medium and, accordingly, practically none or have no significant heat storage capacity.

Furthermore, here and in the following, the term "radiator" encompasses the whole generally any type of heating device that uses heat transfer medium is fed, around although this regardless of their special design, for example as a radiator or convector or as a mixed form of both with or without fan for improving the heat output. Generally speaking, the term used is "Heizköi-per" seen from the heating system as its or one of its heat energy consumer (s) to understand, whereby it is just as little to the special design of the heat emission depends on the use of such a heating device called a "radiator" in the residential, commercial or industrial sector, for example, as an industrial hall air heater.

In all of the above considerations, no importance was attached to the Determination of the maximum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat or cold generator because it was theoretically assumed that that this temperature difference even takes on infinite, in any case so great, values it may be that it is not worthwhile to determine this at all. At this point is to note that it can be used for practically executed systems possible and also useful to drive such a system in such a way that a Maximum temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be determined without endangering the system. Such a maximum The value of the flow-return temperature difference can be used to a correction from the outset that can be used for the value selection of the target value range Space in the sense of a compression of this target value band or else a a predetermined program of such a target value band or several such target value bands, as for example in the case of preprogrammed possibilities for setting different ones Operating modes, retrospectively for special characteristics of the heating or cooling system to be able to vote in an optimizing way.

Overall, the advantage of such a procedure is according to the Invention in the fact that one can use extremely simple and economical means optimally adapt to every heating or cooling system and thus even such heating or cooling systems in which control interventions in the heating or Cooling system not as significant in changes in flow and / or return temperature to make noticable. In this way, such systems can also be used for the purposes of the invention drive in which operating sizes must be adhered to that are not limited to the minimum possible or a minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium are to be withdrawn.

In the following the invention is based on some preferred embodiments, which are only shown schematically in the drawings, purely for example explained in more detail. 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention Embodiment heating system in single-line construction with in two functional groups structured control device, Fig. 2 in the representation according to Fig. 1 shows a corresponding representation of another embodiment of the invention in the form a heating system in two-line construction with a four-way mixer as a multi-way mixer and a non-subdivided control device, and FIG. 3 shows a section the embodiment of the invention corresponding to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 however, a three-way mixer is used as a multi-way mixing device.

The same reference symbols denote the same details in each case of the exemplary embodiments.

The heating device according to the invention, designated as a whole by 1 has, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a heat generator 2, which acts as a heat pump in compression or sorption construction with a secondary side in the the heat transfer medium leading pipe system switched on heat exchanger or as from the heat transfer medium Flushed or flushed heat exchanger of a flue gas cooler or as a secondary side the heat transfer medium leading and acted upon on the primary side with the primary heat transfer medium Heat exchanger of a district heating transfer station can be formed.

Instead of the embodiment shown, an electrically heated one could also be used or a fuel-fired boiler can be used, as in the latter in Fig. 2 is shown purely by way of example.

The representation of the heat generator in FIG. 1 is therefore only intended as an example symbolize one of many possible embodiments of a heat generator.

The heat generator 2 is on with its heat transfer medium outlet 76 the flow line 14 of the line system carrying the heat transfer medium is connected, which in turn - as can be seen from Fig. 1 - designed as a single-line system is by namely the heating flow 14, in which a circulation pump 6 any Execution or

Construction is switched on via an automatic throttle device 4a to a radiator 3a one of several, in the illustrated embodiment two rooms, from which a routing line leads to another automatic Throttle device 4b of another room of the whole designated as 3, A plurality of rooms having heat consumers associated with further radiators 3b leads. This last radiator of the single-line heating device 1 is via a heating return line 16 to the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the Heat generator 2 connected. The inlets and outlets to and from the individual Radiators 3a and 3b are each short-circuited by an overflow line, in each of which a pressure-adjustable overflow valve 13a or 13b is switched on is. The heat transfer medium return 16 is in the area of the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator 2, an expansion vessel 61 for the heat transfer medium is connected.

By means of one of the flow line 14 for the heat transfer medium, for example Hot water, assigned measuring device 70 for its flow temperature, for example can be designed as a temperature sensor sleeve, is continuous or in predetermined time intervals one after the other a measured value or a sequence of measured values the flow temperature and by means of one of the return line 16 for the heat transfer medium associated measuring device 71 according to FIG. 1 or one of the individual radiators 3a, 3b flowing through single mass flows summarizing return line 16 according to FIG. 3, as shown, or instead of the return line 16 according to FIG. 2, as shown, or the heat transfer medium from the multi-way mixing device 8 to the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator 2 returning return line 79 according to FIG. 2 (not shown) associated measuring device 72, each of which same to you designed as a temperature sensor sleeve and connected to the Control device 20 can be connected, is also continuous or at specified time intervals, but at the same time as the flow temperature is measured the return temperature of the heat transfer medium measured.

The associated control device 20, which in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 consists of two functional groups 20a and 20b, is in the following in connection explained in more detail with the embodiment according to FIG.

The structure of the heating device, again designated as a whole by 1 according to the invention of FIG. 2 is essentially the same as that of FIG. 1. Here, too, the heat generator is designated with 2, but as a burner-operated one Boiler shown, its burner 9 as a device for influencing the operating energy for the heat generator 2 via a conventional control device with a measuring device 12 for the temperature of the heat transfer medium in heat generator 2 (boiler thermometer) and a device 11 for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 can be driven in such a way that the temperature of the heat transfer medium, for example of the boiler water does not exceed a specified value in the heat generator. Shown is also that the heat transfer medium outlet 76 of the heat generator 2 via a Mixing line 78 to the one inlet port of a four-way mixer 7 and the Heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator 2, to the rest of the same Way, as already explained in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 1, an expansion vessel 61 for heat transfer medium is connected to the one outlet nozzle of the four-way mixer 7 is connected via a return line 79. The other The outlet connection of the four-way mixer 7 is via the heat transfer medium flow line 14 connected to a junction that has as many heat transfer medium outlets has how to use-radiator of the heating device 1 are available, unless several line branches are connected in series be arranged, which may be preferable in individual cases, for example if the number of radiators is particularly large.

At the mentioned branching line, which is fed from the heating flow 14 are, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, two radiators 3a and 3b each via an upstream, automatically acting throttle device 4a or 4b connected, although here, too, only consists of two radiators 3a, b existing heat consumer is designated as a whole with 3. The two radiators 3a, 3b (and if there are more radiators, these too) are with their heat transfer medium outlets each with a further branching line, which is shown but not designated in detail connected, of which the heat transfer medium is connected to the one in connection with this Return line 16 to the four-way mixer 7 flows back by the heating return 16 is connected to the other inlet connection of the four-way mixer 7.

It can be seen that in this way a heating system in two-line construction is formed, and this also has a multi-way mixing device in the form a four-way mixer 7. This is a circulation pump in the heating flow 14 6 downstream. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the heating flow is also present 14 is assigned a measuring device 70 for the flow temperature and the heating return 16 a measuring device 71 for the return temperature of the heat transfer medium is arranged, the measuring device 70 via a measured value line BO and the measuring device 71 via a measured value line B1 to a control device designated as a whole as 20 connected. This has an actuating command generator 62, which is transmitted via a control line 17 is connected to the drive 10 of the multi-way mixing device 7.

In Fig. 3 it is shown that the in the embodiment according to 2 multi-way mixing device designed in the form of a four-way mixer 7 can also be designed as a three-way mixer 8 if the pipeline is taken accordingly for the heat transfer medium. Without the heat generator in Fig. 3 would be represented, which should mean nothing else than that this in any Can be designed in a manner, for example in the manner of the heat generator according to FIG. 1 or the type of heat generator according to FIG. 2, which has already been described above are, the heat transfer medium outlet 76 of the same to the one flow inlet of the three-way mixer 8 is connected, while the heating flow is connected to its flow outlet 14 is connected, the other wiring is the same as in the context with the embodiment of FIG. 2 already described. The heating return 16 is at the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator, not shown 2 connected, which in turn in the manner already described with an expansion tank bl for the heat transfer medium is in connection. Upstream from the expansion tank 61 is the heating return 16 via a line serving here as an admixing line 79 connected to the second input of the three-way mixer 8. In the heating flow 14 is already in connection with the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a circulating pump 6 is switched on as described. The drive 10 here designed as a three-way mixer 8 multi-way mixing device is a here with 18 designated control line with the control command generator 62 of the control device 2q connected.

The control device 20 according to the invention has individual units or facilities whose pulse line linkage has already been mentioned above has been explained and otherwise from the claims and their explanations results. For this reason, the individual facilities in the following are only with regard to their area of responsibility or intended use, as their design the person skilled in the art is familiar in detail.

Continuously or at given time intervals one after the other, always however, measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium obtained at the same time are from the measuring devices 70 and 71 or 70 and 72 via the measured value lines BO and 81 or 80 and 82 of a device 73 for determining the difference between flow and return temperature and from this depending on the intended design of their Further processing either by a comparison device 27 to determine the size and / or the direction of the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium from a limit of its setpoint range or from a measured value storage device 26 supplied. The comparison standard for the comparison device 27 is in the form one of the upper limit of a target value band of this difference between the flow and Return temperature corresponding pulse from an adjustable setpoint generator 41 and in the form of a pulse corresponding to the lower limit of this target value band supplied by a further adjustable setpoint generator 42.

It is also shown that the control device 20 is a proportional controller 21 with a device 31 for changing its gain, an integral controller 22 with a device 32 for changing its reset time and a differential controller 23 with a device 33 for changing the lead time of the same can. The integral controller 22 is a time-dependent integrator 36a for the Deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper limit their target value band and a time-dependent integrator 36b for the deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of your Assigned to the setpoint band. To the gain and / or the reset time and / or to be able to optimize the pre-heating time of the control device 20, depending on how this with proportional and / or integral and / or. Differential regulator is equipped, can also be a time-dependent integrating unit 3 / a or 37b for the difference of Flow and return temperature and an additional time-dependent integrator each 37c for the as a reference value for the respective deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures, the upper or lower temperature Limit of the setpoint band of the same corresponding difference between flow and return temperature and a device 34 connected to both integrating units for forming the ratio simultaneous results of both integrating units or their reciprocal values are provided be.

Set the gain and / or the reset time and / or the derivative action time the elimination of the deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures be changed above the upper or below the lower limit of their setpoint range, if the ratio of the two total measures or time integral values is a predetermined one Exceeds the value, the control device 20 also instructs for this purpose Another time-dependent integrator 37d for the difference between the upper and lower Limit of the setpoint band corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures Flow-return temperature difference as well as one via impulse lines with both Integrating units 36a or 36b, 37d connected summing device 84 for forming the Sum of simultaneous results from both integrating works, with one facility still 35 to form the ratio of simultaneous results of the integrating unit 37d and the summing device 84 or the reciprocal of this ratio is provided is. In the event that dlU gain. And / or the reset time and / or the Lead time for eliminating the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures can be changed in this way above the upper or below the lower limit of their setpoint range should be able to ensure that the ratio of the two total dimensions or integral values a predetermined Value does not exceed, the device 35 for forming the ratio simultaneous results from both integrating units 37a or 31b and 37c or 36a or 36b and 3d an adjustable pulse blocking device 65 by means of which the pulse line or impulse lines to the or the institution (s) 31 or 32 or 33 to change the gain of the proportional controller 21 or the reset time of the integral controller 22 or the lead time of the differential controller 23 only at Presence of a predetermined value of the ratio of simultaneous results both integrating units 31a or 37b and 3 / c or 36a or 36b and 37d for pulse passage is or are releasable.

The control device 20 is assigned to the differential controller 23 furthermore a device 38a for determining the extent of the change over time Deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper limit their predetermined setpoint band and a device 38b for determining the extent of the change over time of a deviation in the difference between the lead and Return temperature below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range as well as preferably also a device 39a for determining the change in the measure over time the change over time of a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures beyond the upper limit of this setpoint band as well as a device 39b for Determination of the temporal change in the extent of the temporal change of a deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of this Setpoint band. The devices 39a and 39b are thus devices for Determination of the change acceleration of the relevant deviation of the total mass flow from one or the other limit of its setpoint band, while the facilities 38a and 3Bb each have devices for determining the rate of change of these Deviations - are.

As shown, an adjusting device 66 for the device 31 for changing the gain of the proportional controller 21 and the device 32 for changing the reset time of the integral controller 22 and the device 33 for changing the lead time of the differential controller 23 or one setting device 66 for each of the named changing devices, so far provided, through which the respectively assigned change device (s) 31 or 32 or 33 in the sense of avoiding exceeding a predetermined one Value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrating units 37a or 37b and 37c or 36a or 36b and 37d is or are adjustable.

Furthermore, the control device 20 can be a setpoint selection device 43 with a detector device 29 for determining the time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of the difference between the lead and Return temperature occurs for the first time, in the course of the Commissioning of the device 1 with full opening of all throttle devices 4a respectively.

4b as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, which is referred to as the start-up temperature difference, and / or in the course of the Heating mode when heating up after cooling down with all throttle devices fully open 4a and 4b as the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures, which are used as the starting temperature difference is referred to, and one or one adjustable proportioning device 46a, 46b or

46a or 46b as a setpoint generation device for the upper or

Lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures as well as one with the assigned setpoint generating device or ratio giving device 46a, 46b or 46a or 46b and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator 41 or 42 connected device 45 for the automatic adjustment of the same in the sense an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper resp.

lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between flow and Have return temperature. It is shown that the set value generator 41 as well as the setpoint generator 42 is assigned its own automatic adjusting device 45 is.

Furthermore, the setpoint selection device 43, as shown, has a Program memory devices 47a, 47b which have an adjusting device 48a for the setpoint generator 46a for the upper limit of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperature and / or an adjustment device 48b for adjusting the setpoint generating device 46b for the lower limit of this Has setpoint band. On the other hand, however, a program storage device can also be used 47a for the upper limit of the setpoint range and its own program storage facility 47b must be provided for the lower limit of this setpoint band. In both cases is by at least one of the adjustment devices 48a or 48b according to one stored in the program memory device (s) 47a, 47b or 47a or 47b Dependency that is in the assigned setpoint generating device 46a, 46b or

46a or 46b formed ratio changeable in the sense that one increasing value of the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference of flow and return temperatures, there is an increasingly greater difference between them corresponds to both limit values and / or an increasingly larger ratio of the same, which, moreover, preferably have a proportionality of the change can.

The control device 20 can also be a measured value storage device for the minimum possible difference referred to as the commissioning temperature difference of 'flow and return temperature, their function also from the measured value storage device 26 can also be taken over, as well as a comparison device 116 for determination of deviations in the minimum difference between flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) of the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and an associated ratio formation device 28, by means of which the or one or both of the setpoint generating device (s) 46a, 46b or 46a or 46b or the or

one or both of the program storage device (s) 47a, 47b or

47a or 47b or the or one or both adjustment device (s) 48a or 48b or the one or both setpoint generators 41 and 42 im Senses a change in the specified setpoint range for the difference between the flow and return temperatures depending on the ratio of the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (Start-up temperature difference) to the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) is adjustable.

Furthermore, there is at least one reporting device 59 for issuing a optically and / or acoustically perceptible information is provided, which is via a limit detector device 30, with which it is or are connected via an impulse line each, can be activated whenever the limit detector device 30 has a Deviation of the deviation of the transmitted to it by the comparison device 116 minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) of the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) determined which exceeds or falls below a predetermined value of such a deviation.

There are also extreme heat losses at any point in the overall heat consumer 3 to determine and report that cause such extreme performance losses that Deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper limit of their target value band either not at all or at least during one predetermined period of time does not occur, as is the case, for example, with an open Window in a particular cold spell may be the case, causing the concerned The room cools down significantly and the system can no longer manage the flow-return temperature difference to increase so that - the upper limit of their target value range is exceeded, can expediently furthermore a signaling device 60 for outputting an optical and / or acoustically perceptible information that is sent via an impulse line to a release device 40 is connected, which in turn with the comparison device 27 of the control device 20 to determine the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper and / or below the lower limit of your setpoint range and / or with a measured value storage device 26 is connected, and a Time control device 51 for performing a plurality of simultaneous measurements the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium through the measuring devices 70 and 71 or i0 and 72 or determining the difference between these two temperatures by a device 74 provided for this purpose or a time control device 52 for recording and / or retrieving a measured value or a plurality of the Measuring devices 70 and 71 or t0 and 72 delivered simultaneous measured values of the Flow and / or return temperature or the difference obtained at the same time Measured values of both by the measured value storage device 26 or from this in each case be provided within a predetermined period of time, this reporting device (s) 60 can always be activated by the triggering device 40 if at least After a specified period of time, there is no deviation in the flow-return temperature difference is recorded beyond the upper limit of its target value range.

According to the invention, the different modes of operation in the sense of Comfort, normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode close can, the control device 20 also has a storage device 24, in in the illustrated embodiment, four preferred pairings-of upper and Lower limits of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures are stored, namely for comfort, normal, economy or night reduction mode and ultimately also for frost protection. This storage device 24, which is in the rest with regard to the upper and lower limits of the target value band of the difference of flow and return temperature for the individual operating modes stored value pairings is carried out adjustable with preference, so that this Value pairings either from the manufacturer or from the installing heating engineer or can also be set by the user as desired, is a switching device 25 assigned, by means of which the user of the heating device 1 now depending on Desire or need can switch the function of the control device 20 so that they instead of the one mode of operation, for example comfort mode, another selected operating mode, e.g. economy or night reduction mode, is fair. This switchover can also take place automatically in a time-controlled manner. For this purpose, a time switch 131 can be provided, which in a suitable manner over Impulse lines with the storage device 24 and / or the switching device 25 is connected for this.

It is also shown that the control device is a counting device 54 for during a predetermined period of time during which by the time control device 51 controlled a plurality of simultaneous measurements of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium carried out by the measuring devices 70 or 71 or 72 or the difference between these two temperatures is formed and / or a measured value or a plurality of measured values supplied by the measuring devices 70 or 71 or 72 the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the corresponding difference values can be recorded or retrieved themselves, any deviations that have occurred Measured values above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified target value range the difference between the flow and return temperatures and a program storage facility 53 permissible number of during this predetermined period of time Deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures occurring during operation above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range and continue to do so one with at least one of the setpoint generators 41 and 42 in operative connection Means 44 for automatically changing the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of this - by the detector device 29 determined deviation of the number of measured value deviations from the permissible Number of the same. Another counter 55 is used to determine the Number of changes occurring in operation during a given period of time in the form of recordings and / or termination of the supply of heating or cooling power to the heat transfer medium located in the heating flow 14 and has a counter 56 for these changes. This way you can also use the deviation of the measured number of such during a given period of time Changes that have occurred in operation from a predetermined one during this predetermined one Period of time permissible number of the same in the sense of a self-learning process automatically the setpoint band or at least one of its limits can be changed in a tracking manner Furthermore, the control device 20 can expediently be a preferably adjustable one Have timing device 58, by means of which in the sense of creating a tolerance threshold in heating mode, the heat transfer medium cools down by a predetermined period of time accelerated and / or a heating of the heat transfer medium by a predetermined Period of time is initiated with a delay.

It can be seen that in the embodiment of the invention according to 1 at the same time on the basis of difference values produced by the device 74 by the measuring devices 70, 71 or 70, i2 for the flow or return temperature of the heat transfer medium determined measured values of the same via the control device 20 it is monitored whether these temperature difference values exceed the upper limit of the adjustable setpoint generator 41 and 42 adjusted setpoint band of the difference of flow and return temperatures or the lower limit of this Fall below the target value range. In both cases, the control device 20 the relevant deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures adjusted from the relevant limit of their setpoint band by using the command transmitter 62 the heat output fed into the heating flow 14 when the difference breaks out of flow and return temperatures from their setpoint range via one or the other other limit of the same is influenced so that the difference of lead and return temperature back into the range between the two limits of their setpoint range is returned. In this respect, the invention differs significantly from the prior art the technology, as with it namely not a physical quantity on constancy is regulated, but a deviation the same in the form of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium via an upper specified Limit of a setpoint range of the same or below a lower limit of the same is adjusted to its vanishing value, while any deviations from both Limits of the setpoint range of this physical quantity, namely here the flow-return temperature difference, be tolerated by the regulation, provided that these are only within this value in terms of value specified target value band moves, with changes in the difference of the flow and return temperature of any size according to the invention without affecting the Regulation remain as long as it does not result in the upper limit being exceeded specified target value band or falling below the lower limit of the same to lead. The advantages of this regulation according to the invention are already detailed at the beginning has been explained.

The way in which this compensates for such by exceeding the upper one Limit of the setpoint band or falling below the lower limit of the same conditional Any deviations made depends on the type of heating device 1 im general and the design of the feed of the heat output to the heating flow 14 in particular. In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1, how already explained above, a control access from the control command generator 62 of the control device 20 forward to a device not shown and also not designated to influence the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 as an actuator intended. This can be continuously adjustable or in on-off mode working device of any known type be formed. In any case takes place in the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1, the influencing of the the heating flow 14 supplied thermal power supplied heat power Effect on the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2. Is this for continuous supply of operating energy designed for the duration of operation, the action on the heating power supplied to the heating flow 14 takes place in this way by increasing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 when the control device 20 falls below the lower limit of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is determined has, and then by reducing the supply of operating energy to heat generator 2, if the upper limit of the target value band is exceeded, the difference between the flow and return temperature is present. If, however, it is a heat generator 2 with discontinuous supply of its operating energy, then takes place according to the invention the influence on this so that whenever a fall below the lower The limit of the setpoint range for the difference between the flow and return temperatures is present, the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 added and then when the Control device 20 exceeding the upper limit of the setpoint range of the The difference between the flow and return temperatures is determined, the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 is interrupted or switched off.

The embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2 and also one this when the dash-dotted-line bordered area 111 through the Pipeline, multi-way mixing device and circulation pump arrangement according to Fig. 3 is replaced, corresponding embodiment differ from that according to FIG. 1 apart from the application shown in connection only by way of example with a two-line system only that the influence on the supply of the Heat output to the heating flow 14 here not by any kind of change the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 takes place, but through access to the multi-way mixing device provided here in the form of the four-way mixer 7 according to FIG. 2 or the three-way mixer 8 according to FIG. 3. Uie shown here Execution of a gas or oil-fired burner 9 with operating energy supplied boiler as a heat generator 2, which via the measuring device 12 for the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the boiler (boiler thermometer) and the equipment 11 to influence the supply of operating energy to the burner, for example a regulating valve for that serving as primary energy Gas or may include oil, to a predetermined temperature of the heat transfer medium in the boiler (shown by the setting arrow on device 11) can be regulated, can for its part for continuous or discontinuous supply of operating energy be designed, depending on how the burner 9 is designed.

Regardless of this, in the embodiments of the invention according to FIG.

2 and 3, however, the influencing of the heating flow 14 supplied Heat output provided via the respective multi-way mixing device 7 or 8 in such a way that that through this the ratio of the fed into the heating flow 14 is called Mass flow of the heat transfer medium to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device 7 or 8 which determines this ratio is changed by the setting command generator 62 of the control device 20 via the respective Control line 1l or 18 of the adjustment drive 10 for the multi-way mixing device in question 7 or

8 is operated accordingly. This actuation takes place according to the invention so that whenever the determined difference between flow and return temperature leads to a deviation below the lower limit of its target value band, the ratio increased by the heating flow 14 fed mass flow to the total mass flow and when the upper limit of the target value band of the difference is exceeded of flow and return temperature is present, this ratio of the heating flow 14 fed mass flow is reduced to the total mass flow.

For the possibilities of changing the size of this ratio or the assigned position of the organ of the relevant multi-way mixing device which determines this 7 and 8, detailed information has already been given above, as well as for the Regardless of the extent to which the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 is influenced whether it is continuous or discontinuous.

For embodiments of the invention with a mixer, one possibility for the automatic adaptation of the optimal Bandwidth of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium be provided that the control device or one for the upper and lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperature each have a device 57 for specifying time spans, each with the device 73 or 74 for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or is in operative connection with the detector device 29 controlling it, and one or for the upper and lower limit of the target value band of the difference a dividing device 6 for determining the flow and return temperatures the temporal gradient of the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) and / or the minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (starting temperature difference), this dividing device (s) 6 with a device 45 for automatic adjustment of the associated Setpoint generator (s) 41 or 42 is in operative connection, in fact in such a way that each the limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures, their over or

Undershooting is decisive for a change in this setpoint band was changed so that the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or the minimum difference between flow and Return temperature (start-up temperature difference) both in heating mode and in Cooling operation for a larger determined time gradient of the same more and reduced less for a smaller determined temporal gradient thereof will. In addition, here, as in all embodiments of the invention, at which take measurements for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and / or the data logic processing of these measured values to and about their Difference takes place in each case in the course of the expiry of predetermined time periods, a time programming device 75 to initiate such simultaneous measurements and / or to record and / or Submission the corresponding measured values or the respective difference both can be provided, of which the measuring devices 70 and 71 or 70 and 72 for the flow and return temperatures and / or the device 74 for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of the same on the one hand and the or one of the associated setpoint generator (s) 41 or 42 and / or one connected to this or these Device 45 for automatic adjustment of the same or of the same controllable is or are. The time programming device 75 can also expediently for this purpose be used to deliver a time span pulse over which after a change a limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures the extent to which the relevant limit is exceeded or not reached until after a predetermined - if necessary correspondingly selected short - time span measured and as a reference value for the degree of change in this relevant limit and / or the other limit of the setpoint range is used.

It can be seen that an embodiment of a heat generator 2 as Burner-fired boiler can also be used in Fig. 1, as well as likewise an embodiment of a heat generator 2, like this in connection with Fig. 1 is described, can be used in the device 1 according to FIG. The embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3 are also in connection with FIG Single-line systems according to FIG. 1 within the scope of the invention with all the advantages of the same usable. The explanations shown are only intended as examples show to realize the most important variants of the invention without doing so exhaustive all possibilities of combinations of heat generator designs, Types of change in the heating power to be fed to the heating flow 14 and / or Executions of the control device in particular with regard to their perfection in With regard to the multitude of self-learning processes possible according to the invention, figuratively to represent. For the same reason it is also on the representation of the impulse line-wise shortcut the individual units or devices of the control device 20 have been dispensed with, because this has already been explained in the introduction and in detail in the relevant claims are and, if necessary, the person skilled in the art, other types of impulse line connections simply determine with knowledge of the links described without inventive step can.

While in FIG. 2, a regulating device is likewise only an example 20 is shown, which is not divided into functional groups, although these denoted as such by 20a and 20b is shown schematically in FIG. 1, what is meant by this when, according to a described inventive concept, the control device 20 into a function group 20a and 20a arranged in the vicinity of the heat generator 2 a function group 20b arranged within easy reach of the user is. The function group 20a includes the facilities for those functions which are usually not or only rarely changed during the heating season, while the function group 2Ob'die facilities, which is arranged in convenient proximity to the user for the functions that can be set by the user and preferably as a room switching station is trained.

In. Fig. 2 is also only shown as an example, that the flow temperature measured via the temperature sensor 70 by means of corresponding data logic processing in the control device 20, for example as Temperature limitation for the flow temperature of the system can be used by A corresponding information pulse from the regulating device 20 via a control line 19 on the device i1 for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 is given, so that regardless of the setpoint value set for the heat transfer medium temperature (e.g. boiler water temperature) in heat generator 2 for the regulation of the same Burner 9 shown in Fig. 2 or any other device for feeding of operating energy to the heat generator 2 is driven so that a predetermined limit value for the flow temperature cannot be exceeded. Included this embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is neither of the type of configuration or the functioning of the heat generator 2 nor the influencing of the supply of Heat output to the heating flow 14 nor the execution of the heating device as a single-strand. or two-line system nor the control device with regard to their more or less perfection in terms of self-learning ability addicted.

In Fig. 1 and 2 it is also shown that in the heat transfer medium flow 14, preferably downstream of the circulation pump 6, a measuring device 5 for the Total mass flow can be arranged, which via a measured value line 15 with the Control device 20 is in communication. This control device, in turn, protrudes a control line 19 with the not shown in detail and not in detail designated actuator of the heat generator 2 in connection, depending on the training same the fuel control valve of a burner with flame-fired Boiler or the gas or oil regulating valve for the supply of fuel to the diesel engine or carburetor of an internal combustion engine-powered compressor of a Compression heat pump or the throttle valve of the hot primary heat transfer medium leading primary line of a heat exchanger of a district heating transfer station or a Flue gas by-pass flap of a heat exchanger used as a flue gas cooler or like that can be. The measured value of the total mass flow offers together with the value of the difference determined in the manner already described above Measured values of flow and return temperature obtained at the same time, if - as in the control device 20 according to FIG. 2 or its function group 20a according to FIG I - shown - a comparison device 73 for determining the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and a multiplier 50 is provided, which in turn is continuous or at predetermined time intervals Multiplication results of the measured value of the total mass flow and the continuous and thus also the difference of Forward and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium or a sequence of multiplication results also from measured values of the total mass flow and the difference obtained at the same time in turn, measured values of flow and return temperature obtained at the same time of the heat transfer medium provides the opportunity for further perfection the operation of the invention. These results of the multiplication operations of the multiplier 50 represent an image of the in the heating flow 14 heat output, which can also be referred to as consumer output is. To the user of the system according to the invention the actual thermal energy consumption or to make the effective consumer performance perceptible, a facility can 69 to make the value of this consumer service perceptible visually and / or acoustically or also just a value exceeding a predetermined amount of the same the same may be provided. In some cases it can alternatively or additionally this can be useful if the user of the system can tell the difference between the flow and the return temperature of the heat transfer medium is made perceptible in terms of amount. A corresponding device 68 for optical and / or acoustic Perceptible should be provided.

In addition, in the association of the control device 20 both in FIG. 1 and also in FIG. 2 each have a switch-on device 130, by means of which either the entire heating device 1 or only its control device 20 are functionally put into operation by the user of the same or as a whole can be switched off again.

In the above, the invention is based on the example of a heating device has been described, but the explanations relating to this also apply to a cooling device corresponding. It can refer to the detailed explanations in connection with refer to the respective claims. Those shown in the drawings Embodiments also apply unchanged to such a cooling device 1, only then, the reference number 2 means a cold generator, which is used in connection with with the heating device described explained way about the coolant flow 14 is connected to the cooling devices 3a, 3b, of which the heat transfer medium reaches the cold generator 2 via the coolant return 16. This can for example as a gas or diesel engine-operated compression refrigeration machine or as a gas or oil-fired sorption chiller or as a transfer heat exchanger be formed, the secondary side of which is flowed through by the heat transfer medium, while its primary side with the refrigerant of a refrigerant circuit connected to this is fed.

All other details of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings do not require any additional explanations, provided that one takes into account that There may be differences in the mode of operation compared to heating mode. Only an example of this is operation with a tolerance threshold, for which a Cooling device, the timing device 58 of the control device 20 or 20a, 20b is designed so that by means of its in cooling operation a heating by a predetermined Period of time accelerated and / or cooling by a predetermined period of time can be initiated with a delay. Otherwise are the correspondences of the individual verification steps as well as the device-side configurations between Heating mode and cooling mode to the claims or their explanation above refer to. In particular, there are also the outstanding advantages of the invention in the context of cooling versus heating.

Although the invention is only based on a few preferred above Embodiments has only been explained by way of example, it is not based on these limited, rather there are a variety of options open to the skilled person the structural, manufacturing or material conditions in the manufacturing plant and or to the respective requirements of the individual application, both in terms of planning as well as assembly technology by other combinations of their features or their Adapt exchange for equivalent means without thereby breaking the scope of the invention to leave.

In summary, it can be stated that the invention is not just a first creates the possibility of heating or cooling systems with continuously depending on the choice or regardless of the supply of heating or cooling power in on-off operation the type and design of the heat or cold generator with the same equipment Funds with the corresponding advantages in terms of storage, cost price, To operate assembly costs, etc., but in all cases not yet achievable way to be able to drive optimized in terms of energy consumption, with the rest the regulation according to the invention in a variety of ways also self-learning processes in the sense of an automatic system that is independent of any influence by the system operator May undergo optimization. The favorable consequence of this is in particular also one particularly extensive avoidance of standstill losses of the heat or cold generator and the other parts of the system and especially those that work discontinuously Systems avoid frequent clocking, the regulation according to the invention it makes simulations of individual or all rooms of the concerned superfluous Heating or cooling system according to the invention to be heated or to be cooled consumer to carry out special dynamic load calculations anyway in individual cases not known and at best only laboriously and laboriously to be determined heat conduction to carry out or throughput values, to make observations of the compass directions, To consider climatic zones and the like. In addition, reference should be made to that when speaking of boilers as heat generators above or below is, this term also works as a gas or oil-fired instantaneous water heater Devices, so-called l'hermen or geysers, included by this This basically only differs from the devices commonly referred to as boilers distinguish that they have practically no or at most extremely little original work on the heat transfer medium and accordingly practically no or no significant Have heat storage capacity.

One of the most serious advantages is - that through the Invention for the first time a possibility was found with a single control device supplied with heating or cooling energy both continuously and in on-off operation Heating or

To be able to operate cooling systems properly and that too regardless of the type of heat or cold generator. Only through the according to the invention , Acceptance of a setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures the heat transfer medium may require two switching points for discontinuous operating systems are satisfactorily done from an operational point of view.

At the same time, however, there are not only discontinuous ones for such Operation, but also for continuously operating systems further so far from the Experts believe that advantages that are not considered attainable.

Besides these advantages in terms of universality of applicability the regulation according to the invention both with regard to its procedural and their device-like aspect for one-pipe or two-pipe heating or cooling with or without a multi-way mixer, which in turn is continuous again or can work discontinuously, the invention is evidently also economical Advantages in particular with regard to the simplification of production, warehousing, distribution, low cost price, simplification of assembly, expansion of the technical Field of application and the ability to retrofit existing systems. It has namely surprisingly found that the invention by no means only with respect to newly built heating or cooling systems can be used appropriately, but due to their simple rules of law Components and their connection heating and cooling systems that already exist and are in operation with one another extremely simple, quick and convenient and yet particularly economical in the sense of the word the invention can be retrofitted by often not even the entire any existing regulation or

Control device of known type against a control device needs to be exchanged according to the invention, but individually only one or only individual component (s) are added in a suitable manner according to the invention will need or need.

In addition, this also has a particularly advantageous effect that the invention can also be used for retrofitting existing heating or cooling systems no hydraulic intervention in the pipeline network carrying the heat transfer medium requires, especially since the devices for measuring the temperature values required according to the invention can be designed as temperature sensors that are simple, quick and convenient and particularly cost-effective using appropriate bandages on the relevant feed or return line can be brought into working position.

Further technical advantages are to be found in using the invention see that already with the new planning and initial construction of a heating or cooling system It can be ensured that any intended extensions or from any future retrofitting for any reason, such as subsequent retrofitting Installation of a heat pump or refrigeration machine in addition to one that was originally intended Another type of heat or cold generator, or the retrofitting of an air conditioning system in addition to an existing heating system or, conversely, a heating system in addition to an existing cooling system, no work and dirt-related loads bring more with them through retrofitting work with regard to cable laying etc.

The operational engineering resulting from the use of the invention Advantages over the well-known non-temperature or weather-dependent Controls particularly with a view to energy savings are already explained in detail above. These are by the invention Concept of a target value band as opposed to one of any kind or The setpoint obtained as a reference variable is conditional, as this is necessary for every type of execution a heating or cooling system and regardless of how it is operated (continuously or discontinuous) brings with it the possibility for the first time, without impairment the functioning of the regulation, especially from the point of view of its stability To be able to save energy by namely the entire control system with the exception the observation by taking measured values of the flow and return temperature as long as it can be left to its own devices, like those from being active automatically acting throttle devices as local controllers for the respective room temperature resulting changes in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the The heat transfer medium does not leave the So11 value band according to the invention and only then, if such a case should occur, a regular intervention on not for example, keeping a setpoint value of the difference between the flow and return temperatures constant of the heat transfer medium, but on recycling the same in the by her according to the invention predetermined setpoint range is brought about.

Even more serious in comparison with the invention achievable advantages are the conditions for those working in on-off operation Rule systems. It can be seen that here to a very special degree by the invention the number of on-off switching cycles is reduced, which advantageously leads to the fact that the number of cold starts and thus the degree of smoke gas pollution with fossil fuels Fuel-operated heat or

Cold generators not insignificantly reduced and thus a better one Energy yield can be achieved with a correspondingly higher degree of efficiency. Same thing also applies to heat and cold generators operated with electrical energy which every switch-on peak of the electrical energy is energy-efficient makes unfavorable noticeable, albeit here an environmental pollution by increased Smoke emissions is out of the question. In all cases however, the invention continues to protect the entire heating or heating system. Cooling system, as this is not provided by a single setpoint for the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or an empirical or purely heuristic derived formula, which however always proves to be practical within the meaning of the invention must prove pointlessly given, burdened and brought to constant switching.

Overall, one can see whether or not it is a continuous one A heating or cooling system that has been driven or is operating in on-off mode acts, with the invention for the first time an optimal adaptation between energy saving, Realize environmental protection and plant protection. It should be emphasized that adjust the advantages described above in particular for cooling systems, because here unfavorably selected regulation or control types, for example more conventional Kind or poorly set regulating or control devices already from principle Reasons for a higher energy consumption compared to heating systems and thus a result in poor energy efficiency.

It is also advantageous that the invention with inexpensive and low-maintenance circulation pumps with. particularly flat pressure-flow rate curve, which experience has shown to have a comparatively extremely long service life maintain, get by and these are even preferable, which is not just the cost price of the entire heating or cooling system, but also the operating costs of the same is beneficial. Uenn on the one hand represent the energy costs for the operation the circulating pump, which usually works continuously, has a not insignificant share the total cost of ownership of the system and on the other hand maintains the energy consumption a circulation pump with a flat pressure-flow rate characteristic curve is considerably lower than that of a circulation pump of comparable performance with a steep characteristic curve.

It has surprisingly been found that such circulation pumps with low specific power even with heating or

Use cooling system installations with particularly good success can, in which one with full opening of all automatically acting throttle devices a comparatively small difference in temperature between flow and return achieved and this comparatively when throttling these room temperature control devices becomes very large, which is an excellent control range with a corresponding improvement of the entire control quality of the control device.

Seen as a whole, the invention provides a wide variety of products Reasons that can be combined to form an appropriate interaction have been one of the experts in the field so far as an inaccessible possibility of energy saving and correspondingly economical leading to the operation of heating and cooling systems. This affects particularly advantageous from that a manufacturer or factory setting of one or both limit (s) of the output of the reference variable for the control according to the invention Setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of an average optimal specification of the reference variable as the first meaningful setting can be made without the operator having to deal with the control device according to the invention equipped heating or cooling system would be prevented from to choose your own setpoint range as a reference variable according to your own needs, whereby he is referred not only to saving, but also unusual Load cases, such as heating operation on a warm north face, and one cold south wall of his house, since he is the first to have a complete independence of the control or that of a control device of the invention equipped heating or cooling system of any boundary conditions is made available.

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Claims (94)

Claims 1. Process for regulating the temperature in to be tempered Rooms by radiators or cooling devices, in which about these provided automatically acting throttle devices in the respective radiator or the respective cooling device entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium in The actual room temperature is controlled as a function of a target room temperature characterized in that each is characterized by, for example, structural conditions, Climatic zone, iteration conditions and / or user-related heat loads Deviation in the difference between the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet in the heating or cooling medium flow (flow temperature) and the oil temperature of the Heat transfer medium in which the individual radiators or cooling devices flow through Return line summarizing the individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium (Return temperature) of a setpoint band for the permissible size of this temperature difference, the specified by a larger and a smaller setpoint of this temperature difference is fed into the heating or coolant supply by correcting the Heating or cooling capacity is eliminated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized. that a deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper limit of the specified target value band by reducing and a Deviation of this temperature difference below the lower limit of the specified setpoint range by increasing the space in the heating or Coolant feed-in heating or cooling capacity eliminated will. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized. that at Change in the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow supplied heating or cooling capacity by switching the supply on and off Operating energy to the heat or cold generator as a smaller setpoint of the setpoint range the temperature difference, a temperature difference is selected that is used for heating operation one after a predetermined period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy for the heat or cold generator setting value below a specified reference value for the return temperature of the heat transfer medium and one for cooling operation after a predetermined period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy for the heat or cold generator setting value above a specified reference value for the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium (negative temperature difference). 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized qekennzeichne ~ s ~ that a deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper limit of the specified setpoint band by reducing and a Deviation of this temperature difference (negative temperature difference) below the lower one Limit the specified setpoint band by increasing the heating or coolant feed heat or cooling power is eliminated. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that as Reference temperature for heating operation the return temperature and for cooling operation the The flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is selected at the time after Switching off the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium practically their vanishing value achieved. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in sec. that a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of the specified target value band by reducing it the heat or coolant fed into the heating or coolant flow Cooling capacity according to the extent of the deviation and a deviation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of the specified setpoint band by increasing the size of the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power according to the Degree of this deviation is eliminated. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized. that the total measure the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper limit of the specified target value band over time determined and a deviation of this temperature difference above the upper limit of this Setpoint band by reducing the in the heating or Coolant flow fed in heat or Cooling capacity according to this total measure of the deviation of this Temperature difference eliminated and / or the total amount of deviation in the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of the specified target value band is determined over time and a deviation this temperature difference below the lower limit of this setpoint range Enlargement of the heat or coolant feed fed into the heating or coolant flow Cooling capacity according to this total measure of the deviation of this temperature difference is eliminated. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized. that this Measure of the temporal change in a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of the specified setpoint range and / or the temporal change in this measure of the temporal change in the deviation this temperature difference is determined and this deviation of this temperature difference by reducing the amount of heat fed into the heating or coolant flow or cooling capacity according to this measure of the change in the deviation over time this temperature difference or this measure of the temporal change of this measure temporal change in the deviation of this temperature difference eliminated and / or the amount of change over time of a deviation in the difference between the lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band and / or the change over time of this measure of change over time the deviation of this temperature difference is determined and this deviation of this Temperature difference by increasing the heating or coolant flow Heat or cooling power fed in according to this measure of the change over time the deviation of this temperature difference or this measure of the temporal by tion this degree of temporal change in the deviation of this temperature difference is eliminated will. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the Total measure of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the total amount of the upper or lower limit of the setpoint band the same corresponding difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determined over time and as a measure for optimizing the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time for eliminating the deviation of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper or lower the lower limit of their target value band is the ratio of these two total dimensions or the reciprocal of which is chosen. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in 1 that the total measure of the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper or below the lower limit of their specified Setpoint band and the total measure of the difference between the upper and lower limit The difference between the flow and return temperatures corresponding to the setpoint range of the heat transfer medium determined over time and both overall dimensions together added and as a measure for optimizing the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time for eliminating the deviation of this temperature difference above the upper or below the lower limit of their setpoint range, the ratio this sum to the total measure of the difference between the upper and lower limit of the target value band corresponding difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or the reciprocal of which is chosen. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized. that the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is changed above the upper or below the lower limit of its setpoint range, when the ratio of the two total dimensions exceeds a predetermined value. 12. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized. that the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is changed above the upper or below the lower limit of its setpoint band in such a way that that the ratio of the two total values does not exceed a predetermined value. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized. that the upper and / or lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium depending on the manufacturer's performance and / or is selected based on user needs. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the Change in the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow practically without passage through a storage tank for this supplied heat or Cooling capacity by switching the supply of operating energy to the heating system on and off or cold generator takes place, characterized. that when a deviation occurs the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the the supply of operating energy beyond the upper limit of their specified setpoint range to the heat or cold generator and if there is a discrepancy in the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the one for heating operation one after a predetermined period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy for the heat or cold generator setting level below a specified reference value for the return temperature of the heat transfer medium and one for cooling operation after a predetermined period of time after switching off the supply of operating energy for the heat or cold generator setting value above a specified reference value for the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium (negative temperature difference) lower limit of their specified setpoint range, the supply of operating energy for heat or Chiller is added. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in. that at startup of the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation with all throttle devices fully open the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) at the time to that after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference of The flow and return temperatures increase for the first time, and the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a multiple of this minimum possible temperature difference and an arbitrary temperature difference as a smaller setpoint value, in particular as a result is chosen so that they can be chosen by an arbitrarily selected amount in heating mode below and corresponds to a value above a specified reference temperature in cooling mode, where this measure is preferably expressed as a value given by the reciprocal of the multiplier the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Determining multiple formed multiple of this minimum possible temperature difference is chosen. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized. that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating with full opening of all throttle devices the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as a minimum temperature difference (Start-up temperature difference) at the time when after a period of time with practical constant value of this difference between flow and return temperature for the first time Increase of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint of the difference is determined of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a multiple this minimum temperature difference and, as a smaller setpoint, a temperature difference is chosen arbitrarily in particular by the fact that it is an arbitrary one selected dimension in heating mode below and in cooling operation above one corresponds to predetermined reference temperature lying value, this dimension preferably as one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper set point of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium determining multiples formed multiple of this minimum temperature difference is selected. 17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized. that for comfort mode, in which for at least one room to be tempered one in comparison to the other room or rooms to be tempered to maintain a particularly high or low room temperature is the larger one Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a large multiple of the minimum possible or minimum difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.5 to 2 times this temperature difference, and as a smaller setpoint a temperature difference is selected that is a predetermined value in heating mode Measure below and, in cooling mode, by a specified amount above a specified reference temperature lying value corresponds, this measure preferably as a through the reciprocal value the multiplier of the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures multiples that determine the heat transfer medium possible resp. minimum temperature difference is selected. 18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in, that for normal operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same Maintain room temperature at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to an average multiple of the minimum possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this temperature difference, and a temperature difference is selected as the lower setpoint value that occurs during heating operation one by a predetermined amount and by a predetermined amount in cooling mode corresponds to a value lying above a predetermined reference temperature, this Measure preferably as a given by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper one Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determining multiples formed multiple of these minimally possible resp. minimum temperature difference is selected. 19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in, that for night reduction or economy operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered approximately the same room temperature as for the presence of people, animals or goods still sufficient height is to be maintained, the larger target value of the difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to a comparative small multiples of the minimum possible or minimum difference between lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this temperature difference, and a temperature difference as a smaller setpoint is selected, which is a predetermined amount below in heating mode and below in cooling mode a value lying a predetermined amount above a predetermined reference temperature corresponds, this measure preferably as a given by the reciprocal of the multiplier the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Determining multiples formed multiple of these minimally possible or minimal Temperature difference is selected. 20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19 for heating Spaces, characterized. that for frost protection, with which for all too heating rooms only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or this leading pipe system preventing room temperature What is to be maintained is the larger setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium according to the minimum possible or the minimum difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and as a smaller setpoint a temperature difference is chosen, which one by a predetermined amount, which with Preference corresponds to this minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, under corresponds to a given reference temperature value. 21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the change with the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow or without passage through a store for this supplied heating or cooling power by switching the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator on and off takes place, characterized. that when there is a discrepancy in the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of the specified setpoint range, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator terminated and when there is a deviation in the difference from Flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit the supply of operating energy to the heat or Chiller is added. 22. The method according to claim 21, - characterized in that when commissioning of the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation with all throttle devices fully open the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) at the time to that after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference of The flow and return temperatures increase for the first time, and the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium accordingly noble multiple of this minimal possible temperature difference and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a fraction of this minimum possible temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger Multiples that determine the setpoint of this temperature difference reduced minimum possible temperature difference is selected. 23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized. that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating with full opening of all throttle devices the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as a minimum temperature difference (Start-up temperature difference) and the larger setpoint the difference of The flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium correspond to a multiple this minimum temperature difference and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a fraction of this minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger Multiples that determine the setpoint of this temperature difference reduced minimum temperature difference, is selected. 24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that that for comfort mode, in which for at least one room to be tempered one in comparison to the other room or rooms to be tempered to maintain a particularly high or low room temperature is the larger one Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a large multiple of the minimum possible or minimum difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.5 to 2 times this temperature difference, and the smaller ones Setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a large fraction of this minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger setpoint of this temperature difference determining multiples formed multiple reduced minimum possible resp. minimum temperature difference, is selected. 25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that that for normal operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same Maintain room temperature at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to an average multiple of the minimum possible or minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to an average fraction this minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding by one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger setpoint of this Multiples that determine the temperature difference are minimally reduced possible resp. minimum temperature difference, is selected. 26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that that for night reduction or economy operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered approximately the same room temperature as for the presence of people, animals or goods still sufficient height is to be maintained, the larger target value of the difference of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to a comparative small multiples of the minimum possible or minimum difference between lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium, preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint this temperature difference corresponds to a comparatively small fraction this minimum possible or minimum temperature difference, preferably corresponding by one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the larger setpoint of this Multiples that determine the temperature difference are minimally reduced possible or minimum temperature difference is selected. 27. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 26 for heating Rooms, characterized in that for frost protection operation, in which for all too heating rooms only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or the room temperature that prevents this leading pipe system is to be maintained, the higher setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium according to the minimum possible or the minimum difference between the lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium and the smaller setpoint of this temperature difference is chosen to be slightly larger than its disappearance value. 28. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output through continuous change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator takes place, characterized. that when there is a discrepancy between the lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified In addition to the setpoint band, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator and if there is a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is increased. 29. The method according to claim 28, characterized. that at startup of the procedure for heating mode or for cooling mode at full load and fully open of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference, commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, and the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium according to this minimum possible temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the smaller setpoint of the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium accordingly one in comparison to this minimum possible temperature difference or this multiple or fraction of the same, smaller or at most the same multiple or fraction this minimum possible temperature difference is selected. 30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating at full load and full opening of all throttle devices the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum Temperature difference (starting temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a Time span with a practically constant value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures the first time an enlargement of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium this minimum temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction the same and the smaller setpoint of the difference between flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a minimum temperature difference compared to this or this multiple or fraction thereof is smaller or at most equal Multiple or fraction of this minimum temperature difference is selected. 31. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, characterized. that when the procedure for heating or cooling operation is started up, the temporal Change of flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between Flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium at full load and fully open of all throttle devices as the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down the change in flow and / or return temperature over time after heating and / or the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium at full load and full opening of all throttle devices as the minimum temperature difference (Start-up temperature difference) and the larger and smaller setpoints corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium the extent of this temporal change in the flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is changed by the advance and / or the Return temperature and / or this temperature difference both setpoints by one larger amount and with a smaller temporal change in the lead time and / or the Return temperature and / or this temperature difference by a smaller amount be reduced compared to the minimum possible or minimum temperature difference. 32. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized. that after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator the one that occurs immediately afterwards or after a specified period of time Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) than the limit of the specified target value range that determines this change corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium new limit of this target value band is selected. 33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that according to a Change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or The refrigeration generator that is located immediately afterwards or after a predetermined one Time span as the limit of the specified target value range that determines this change the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Temperature difference (operating temperature difference) does not correspond to this limit Setpoint band in the same sense as that for changing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator determining limit of this setpoint band and preferably is changed proportionally to the change in the same. 34. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in se. that for comfort mode, in which for at least one room to be tempered one in comparison to the room or rooms to be tempered to maintain a particularly high or low room temperature is the larger one Setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a large multiple of the change immediately after a change the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator or according to a predetermined one Time span after this adjusting temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference), preferably between about to the 1.5 to 2 times this operating temperature difference, and the Lower setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this large multiple and the by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference, the reduced operating temperature difference, is selected will. 35. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 35, characterized. that for normal operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same Maintain room temperature at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a mean multiple of the immediate after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator or after a predetermined period of time after this adjusting temperature difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference), preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this mean multiple and by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference, the reduced operating temperature difference, is selected will. 36. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 35, characterized in se. that for night reduction or economy operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered approximately the same room temperature as for the presence of people, animals or goods still sufficient height is to be maintained, the greater setpoint of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a small Multiples of this immediately after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator or after a specified period of time after this the temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Operating temperature difference), preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint the difference of Flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium correspond to a comparatively smaller multiples of the operating temperature difference, preferably accordingly the difference between this small multiple and the one by the reciprocal the multiplier of the same formed multiple of the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, is selected. 37. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 37 for heating Spaces, characterized. that for frost protection, in which 'for all too heating rooms only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or to maintain the room temperature preventing this leading pipe system is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a fraction of the minimum possible or minimum Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the smaller Setpoint of this temperature difference corresponding to a compared to this den larger setpoint of this temperature difference determining fraction smaller or at most the same fraction of the minimum possible or minimum difference is selected from the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium. 38. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 37, characterized. that the lower limit of the specified setpoint range is the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to the upper limit of the same is chosen. 39. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in which the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, takes place, characterized. that when occurring a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper or below the lower limit of their specified setpoint range Supply of heating or cooling power to the flow in the heating or cooling medium Heat transfer medium by changing the ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed into the heating or coolant supply to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device which determines this ratio changes and which changes immediately afterwards or after a predetermined period of time adjusting difference between flow and return temperature is determined and with it as the limit of the setpoint band of the difference between flow and return temperature, which was decisive for the previous deviation, corresponding new limit this setpoint band shows this change in the supply of heating or cooling power to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow as soon as there is a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper or below the lower limit of this determined by this new limit Setpoint band of the same occurs. 40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that the portion from the heat or cold generator into the heating or Coolant feed mass flow to the total mass flow if there is a discrepancy between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified setpoint range in addition, and if there is a discrepancy between the difference and return temperature below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range is enlarged. 41. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in which the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, is carried out, characterized in that when a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of its specified setpoint range, the or coolant upstream heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling power is thereby reduced that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is reduced in heating mode and increased in cooling mode, and if a Deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of your specified setpoint range that corresponds to the heating or coolant supply located heat transfer medium heat or cooling power is increased by the fact that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased in heating mode and decreased in cooling mode. 42. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 41, characterized. that when commissioning the method for heating or cooling operation in the Heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cooling generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of fed in Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and when all throttling devices are fully open, the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, and the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium according to this minimum possible temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the smaller setpoint of the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium accordingly one in comparison to this minimum possible temperature difference or this multiple or fraction of the same, smaller or at most the same multiple or fraction this minimum possible temperature difference is selected. 43. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 42, characterized. that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating in the heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum Temperature difference (starting temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a Time span with a practically constant value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures the first time an enlargement of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium this minimum temperature difference or a multiple or a fraction the same and the smaller setpoint of the difference from forward and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a compared to this minimum temperature difference or this multiple or fraction thereof smaller or at most equal multiples or fraction of these minimally possible Temperature difference is selected. 44. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 43, characterized in that that when the procedure for heating or cooling operation is started up, the temporal Change in flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between Flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device and full opening of all throttle devices than the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down the change in flow and / or return temperature over time after heating and / or the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium in the case of the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow and full opening of all throttle devices as a minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) determined and the larger and the smaller setpoint the difference between flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium according to the extent of this temporal Change of flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between The flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium are changed by at major change over time the flow and / or return temperature and / or this temperature difference both setpoints by a larger amount and in the event of a smaller temporal change in the flow and / or return temperature and / or this temperature difference by a smaller amount compared to the minimum possible or the minimum temperature difference. 45. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 44, characterized in se. that after a change in one of the limits of the target value band the difference of Flow and return temperature or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium the one that occurs immediately afterwards or after a specified period of time Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) than the limit of the specified target value range that determines this change corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium new limit of this target value band is selected. 46. The method according to claim 45, characterized. that after one Change of one of the limits of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and Return temperature or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium that of the immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time as the the limit of the specified target value band of the difference that determines this change the temperature difference that sets the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Operating temperature difference) does not correspond to the limit of this setpoint range in the same sense as that for changing one of the limits of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium determining limit and preferably proportional to the change which is changed. 47. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 46, characterized in that that for comfort mode, in which for at least one room to be tempered one compared to the other room or rooms to be tempered comparatively ' high resp. To maintain a low room temperature, the higher the setpoint corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium a large multiple of the change immediately after changing one of the limits of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium or after a specified period of time according to this adjusted temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference), preferably between about 1.5 to 2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably corresponding to the difference between this large multiple and the one through the reciprocal of the multiplier of the same formed multiple of the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, is selected. 48. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 47, characterized. that for normal operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same Maintain room temperature at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort is, the larger setpoint is the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a mean multiple of the immediate after a change in one of the limits of the setpoint band, the difference between the flow and return temperature or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium or-after a predetermined period of time after this setting temperature difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference ), preferably between about 1.2 to 1.5 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium corresponding to a comparatively smaller multiple of the operating temperature difference, preferably according to the difference between this mean multiple and by a multiple formed by the reciprocal of the multiplier the operating temperature difference, the reduced operating temperature difference, is selected will. 49. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 48, characterized. that for night reduction or economy operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered approximately the same room temperature as for the presence of people, animals or goods still sufficient height is to be maintained, the larger target value of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a small Multiples of the value immediately after a change in one of the limits of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium or after a predetermined period of time after this setting Temperature difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Operating temperature difference), preferably between about 1 to 1.2 times this operating temperature difference, and the smaller setpoint the difference of Flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium correspond to a comparatively smaller multiples of the operating temperature difference, preferably correspondingly the difference between this small multiple and the one by the reciprocal the multiplier of the same formed multiple of the operating temperature difference reduced operating temperature difference, is selected. 50. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 49 for heating Rooms, characterized in that for frost protection operation, in which for all too heating rooms only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or the room temperature preventing this leading pipe system What is to be obtained is the larger setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding to a fraction of the minimum possible or minimum Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the smaller Setpoint of this temperature difference according to a 5m comparison to this larger setpoint of this temperature difference determining fraction smaller or at most equal fraction of the minimum possible or minimum difference of Flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium is selected. 51. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 50, characterized. that the lower limit of the specified setpoint range is the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponding to the upper limit of the same is chosen. 52. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that when starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as well as full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (Commissioning temperature difference) and in heating mode for heating up after a Cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full load or in the heating or coolant supply from the heat or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible or minimum temperature difference (approach temperature difference) determined and if there is a deviation in the minimum temperature difference (start-up temperature difference) the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) the specified setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium depending on the ratio of minimum to minimum possible The difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium is changed. 53. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized. that when starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio from the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as well as full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible temperature difference (Commissioning temperature difference) and in heating mode for heating up after a Cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full load or in the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as well as full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as the minimum Temperature difference (Starting temperature difference) determined and when a predetermined deviation occurs the minimum temperature difference (approach temperature difference) from the minimum possible Temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) this irregularity optically and / or is made acoustically perceptible. 54. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that in the absence of a discrepancy between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of its setpoint range and / or in the absence of a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium beyond the upper limit of its setpoint range within a predetermined period of time this irregularity optically and / or acoustically is made perceptible. 55. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized. that over a predetermined period of time the number of deviations occurring during operation the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range and / or the number the changes occurring in the company in the form of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases in the supply of heating or cooling power to the heat transfer medium or the Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium that occur during operation measured and according to the deviation of this number from a predetermined number such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium that occur during operation respectively. Changes in this supply of heat or cooling power change the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium changed will. 56. The method according to claim 55, characterized. that at measurement one compared to the specified number of deviations in the difference between the lead and return temperature of the heat transfer medium above and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint band and / or the number of changes in the supply of heating or cooling power to that located in the heating or coolant supply Heat transfer medium or the changes in the setpoint that occur during operation the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium larger number of such deviations the difference between the flow and return temperatures or changes in this heat or cooling power supply or the changes in the setpoint that occur during operation the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium the upper and / or the lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium changed in the direction of increasing the difference between these two limits and when measuring a deviation from the specified number of deviations of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium via the upper and / or below the lower limit of your setpoint band and / or the number of changes the supply of heat or Cooling capacity to be found in the heating or coolant supply Heat transfer medium or the changes in the setpoint that occur during operation the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium lower number of such deviations the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or changes this heating or cooling power supply or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium, the upper and / or lower limit of the setpoint range the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium in the direction of a decrease in the difference between these two limits is changed. 57. The method according to any one of claims 19, 20, 26, 27, or 36 bis 38 or 49 to 56, characterized. that for the beginning of a cooling and / or for the start of heating, a setpoint band of the difference between flow and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium with one at one only a fraction of the difference between the flow and return temperature minimum possible difference between the upper and lower The limit of this target value band is specified with a time tolerance threshold. 58. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized. that continuously or at predetermined time intervals in the heating or cooling medium Flow and return flow total mass flow of the heat transfer medium measured and, if desired, is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. 59. The method according to claim 58, characterized. that continuously or at predetermined time intervals from the measured values from the lead and Return temperature determined difference value of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the measured value of the heating or coolant flow or -Return flow total mass flow of the same a measured value of the Heating or cooling power fed into the heating or cooling medium upstream formed and made this optically and / or acoustically perceptible if desired will. 60. Device for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered through flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a heat generator connected radiators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a The target room temperature can be regulated, with a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or coolant flow (flow temperature) and a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the the individual mass flows flowing through the individual radiators or cooling devices the same summarizing return line (return temperature) and a device to determine the difference between these two temperatures and a control device, by which, depending on this, from the measured values of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium determined temperature difference the supply or removal of thermal energy can be influenced on or by the heat transfer medium, in particular for implementation of the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) with adjustable setpoint generators (41, 42) for one upper and one lower limit of a target value band of the difference from The upper and lower setpoints of the same form the flow and return temperatures and one via an impulse line with the other via a measured value line each (80 or 82) with the devices (70 or 72) for measuring flow and return temperatures connected device (73) for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures connected comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this difference of flow and return temperatures above the upper and / or below the lower limit your setpoint range as well as with a control line (19 or 13 or 77) with a device (9 or 8 or 7) for influencing the heating or Coolant flow (14) fed in heat output connected actuating command generator (62). 61. Apparatus according to claim 60, characterized. that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) on the one hand via an impulse line the comparison device (27) and on the other hand via a further pulse line having the proportional controller (21) connected to the actuating command generator (62). 62. Apparatus according to claim 61. characterized. that the Control device one via pulse lines with the comparison device (27) and the proportional controller (21) and the control command generator (62) connected integral controller (22) with time-dependent integrator (36a) for the deviation of the difference from Flow and return temperature above the upper limit of the setpoint range of the same addition and / or time-dependent integrator (36b) for the deviation of the difference of flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of the setpoint range the same has. 63. Apparatus according to claim 61 or 62, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) via pulse lines with the comparison device (27) and the proportional controller (21) and / or optionally the integral controller (22) and the differential controller connected to the control command generator (62) (23) with a device (38a) for determining the extent of the change over time a deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper one Limit of the predetermined target value band of the same and / or a facility (38b) to determine the extent to which a deviation in the difference changes over time of flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of the specified setpoint range the same and / or a device (39a) for determining the change over time the extent of the temporal change in a deviation in the difference between the lead and Return temperature beyond the upper limit of the setpoint range of the same and / or a device (39b) for determining the temporal change in the degree of the temporal Change in a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures below has the lower limit of this target value band. 64. Apparatus according to claim 62 or 63, characterized. that the integral controller (22) has a time-dependent integrating unit (37a, 37b) for the difference between the flow and return temperatures or one more each time-dependent integrator (37c) for the as a reference value for the respective Deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures serving upper or lower limit of the setpoint band of the same corresponding temperature difference and the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) each via pulse lines with both Integrating units (37a or 37b; 37a, 37c) connected device (34) for formation the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrating units (37a or 37b; 37c) or its reciprocal, each via pulse lines with a Device (31) for changing the gain of the proportional controller (21) and / or with a device i32) for changing the reset time of the integral controller (22) and / or a device (33) for changing the lead time of the differential controller (23) is connected. 65. Device according to one of claims 62 to 64, characterized. that the integral controller (22) apart from a first time-dependent integrator unit (36a) for the deviation of the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper one Limit of the setpoint band of the same and / or a first time-dependent integrator (36b) for the difference in the difference between the flow and return temperatures below the lower limit of the setpoint band of the same is another time-dependent integrator (37d) for the difference between the upper and lower limit of this target value band corresponding temperature difference as well as one via impulse lines with both integrating units (36a 'or 36b; 37d) connected summing device (84) for forming the sum simultaneous results from both integrating plants (36a resp. 36b; 37d) and the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one each via impulse lines on the one hand with this (84) and on the other hand with at least the time-dependent integrator (37d) for the difference between the first and return temperature of the heat transfer medium connected device (35) for formation the ratio of simultaneous results of this integrator (37d) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of this ratio, each via pulse lines with a device (31) for changing the gain of the proportional controller (21) and / or with a device (32) for changing the reset time of the integral controller (22) and / or a device (33) for changing the lead time of the differential controller (23) is connected. 66. Apparatus according to claim 64 or 65, characterized. that the device (34 or 35) for forming the relationship is simultaneous Results of both integrating units (36a or 36b; 37a, 37b) or the first time-dependent Integrating mechanism (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal value these ratios has an adjustable pulse blocking device (65), by means of of which the impulse line (s) to the device (s) (31 or 32 or 33) to change the gain of the proportional controller (21) and / or the reset time of the integral controller (22) and / or the lead time of the differential controller (23) in the presence of a predetermined value of the ratio of simultaneous results both integrating units (36a or 36b; 37a, 37b) or the first time-dependent integrating unit (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these ratios is or are released for pulse passage. 67. Apparatus according to claim 64 or 65, characterized. that the device (31) for changing the gain of the proportional controller (21) and / or the device (32) for changing the reset time of the integral controller (22) and / or the device (33) for changing the lead time of the differential controller (23) each one via an impulse line with the device (34 or 35) for formation the relationship more at the same time Results of both integrating plants (36a or 36b; 37a, 37b) or of the first time-dependent integrator (36a or 36b) and the Summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these ratios associated adjusting device (66), by means of which the assigned changing device (31 or 32 respectively. 33) in the sense of avoiding exceeding a predetermined one Value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrating units (36a resp. 36b; 37a, 37b) or the first time-dependent integrating unit (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these ratios adjustable is. 68. Device according to one of claims 60 to 67, characterized. that as a heat generator (2) a fuel-fired or with electrical energy fed boiler and / or one charged on the primary side with primary heat transfer medium Heat exchangers, such as a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator (2) an electro-compression chiller and / or a gas or diesel engine-operated chiller or sorption chiller and as Via the control line (19) with the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) connected Device for influencing the heating or cooling medium feed (14) Heat resp. Cooling capacity a device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) is provided. 69. Apparatus according to claim 68, characterized. that the Heat or cold generator that can be supplied discontinuously with operating energy during operation (2) practically no or at most only a very small amount of storage for the heat transfer medium is assigned or downstream and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one Control command transmitters that issue timed control commands (62) has, by means of which the device for influencing the supply of operating energy the control commands can be fed to the heat or cold generator (2) as on-off commands are, where each time a deviation is determined, the difference between the lead and Return temperature of the heat transfer medium above the upper limit of its specified Setpoint band addition by an off command, the supply of operating energy to the Heat resp. The cold generator (2) can be locked and for heating operation each time it is determined a drop in the flow temperature and / or the return temperature of the heat transfer medium by a specified amount below a specified reference temperature or for cooling mode in each case when determining a rise in the flow temperature and / or the return temperature of the heat transfer medium by a specified amount above a specified reference temperature the supply of operating energy to the heating or Cold generator (2) can be released. 70. Apparatus according to claim 69, characterized. that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the device (73) for determining the difference between Flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures from the upper and / or lower limit of its target value band connected detector device (29) to determine during the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation with all throttle devices fully open (4a or 4b) as the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or the in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or in the course of Cooling operation when cooling down after heating up at full Opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference between lead and Return temperature the first time an increase of the same occurs, occurring Difference between flow and return temperature and one each via an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving device (46a, 46b) connected as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned target value generating device (46a, 46b) of the target value selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change to a set Value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature to a multiple in both heating and cooling mode this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature to a temperature difference that can in particular be selected arbitrarily as a result has that this to an arbitrarily selected amount in heating mode under and at Cooling operation is above a predetermined reference temperature; this dimension preferably as one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the upper limit of the setpoint band the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Multiples formed multiple of this minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) can be selected. 71. Apparatus according to claim 68, characterized. that the During operation, heat or cold generator that can be supplied discontinuously with operating energy (2) a storage device for the heat transfer medium is preferably assigned or arranged downstream and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) sends a timed control command emitting control command transmitter (62), by means of which the device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) the control commands can be supplied as on-off commands, in each case when a deviation is determined the difference between the flow and return temperatures above the upper limit of their specified Setpoint band addition by an off command, the supply of operating energy to the Heat resp. Cold generator (2) can be locked and when a deviation is determined Difference between flow and return temperature below the lower limit of your specified Setpoint band, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) is releasable. 72. Apparatus according to claim 71, characterized in that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the device (73) for determining the difference between Flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures connected above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint band Detector device (29) for determining the during the commissioning of the device (1) for heating mode or for cooling mode with all throttle devices fully open (4a or 4b) as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures the first time an enlargement of the same occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperature and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up a cooling or im Course of the cooling operation when cooling down after heating with full opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one each via an impulse line connected to this adjustable proportioning device (46a or 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures as well as a or one in each case via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device (46a or 46b) of the setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned Setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures on both a multiple of this minimum possible in heating and cooling operation Difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature on in both heating and cooling mode Fraction of this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (starting temperature difference), this fraction preferably corresponding to the one by the reciprocal of the multiplier of the the upper setpoint of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determining multiples formed multiple reduced minimal possible or minimum temperature difference can be selected. 73. Apparatus according to claim 68, characterized. the existence Heat or cold generator that can be continuously supplied with operating energy during operation (2) is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a one during the operating time of the heat or cold generator (2) constantly, existing modulated Has control command emitting control command generator (62), by means of which the device (9) to influence the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) the setting commands as modulation differences in amount during the Operating time are constantly pending operating command can be supplied, with each when determining a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures the supply of operating energy beyond the upper limit of its specified setpoint range to the heat or cold generator (2) can be reduced depending on this deviation and when determining a deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures the supply of operating energy below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range to the heat or cold generator (2) can be increased depending on this deviation is. 74. Apparatus according to claim 73, characterized. that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the device (73) for determining the difference between Flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) to determine the deviation of this difference between the flow and return temperatures connected above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint band Detector device (29) for determining the during the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load and full opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference between the flow and return temperatures for the first time an increase in the same occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or during heating operation after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation during cooling after heating at full load and full Opening of all throttle devices as a minimum difference between flow and return temperature (Start-up temperature difference) at the time when after a period of time with practical constant value of this difference between flow and return temperature for the first time Increase in the same occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one adjustable ratio setting device each connected to it via an impulse line (46a, 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper and the lower limit of the setpoint band, the difference between the flow and return temperatures as well as each one via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device (46a or 46b) of the setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned Setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures to one the minimum possible difference in both heating and cooling mode of flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the associated lower Limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures one to one both in heating mode and in cooling mode compared to this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) or this multiple or fraction of the same smaller or at most equal multiples or a fraction of this minimally possible difference of flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) has a corresponding value. 75. Apparatus according to claim 73 or 74, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) is a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line with the device (73) for determining the Difference between flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this difference from Flow and return temperatures above the upper and / or below the lower limit Detector device (29) connected to its setpoint band for determining the im Course of the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation with full load and full opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as minimal possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and / or that in the course of heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling after heating at full load and full opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and one or for the upper and lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures one device (57) each for specifying time spans and one via impulse lines on the one hand with this device (57) for specifying time spans and on the other hand with the device (73) for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or dividing device (67) connected to the detector device (29) for Determination of the time gradient of the minimum possible difference between the lead and return temperature (Commissioning temperature difference) or the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) or a target value selection device (43) with one measuring value line in each case (80 or 82) with the device (70) for measuring the flow temperature and / or device connected to the device (72) for measuring the return temperature (57) for specifying time spans and, on the one hand, via impulse lines with this device (57) for specifying time periods and on the other hand with the Device (70) for measuring the flow temperature and / or with the device (72) for measuring the return temperature connected dividing device (67) for Determination of the time gradient of the flow and / or return temperature as well as in each case one or each one via impulse lines on the one hand with the or the dividing device (s) (67) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generators (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic Adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change set values of the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference from flow and return temperature to both heating and cooling one for a larger determined guide gradient of the forward and / or the return temperature and / or the difference between the same by a larger amount and for a smaller determined time gradient the lead and / or the return temperature and / or the difference between the same and a lower one Amount of reduced minimum possible difference between flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or minimum difference between flow and return temperatures (Starting temperature difference) has the corresponding value. 76. Device according to one of claims 73 or 75, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) is connected to the measuring devices via pulse lines (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with a device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values time programming device (75) connected to these two temperatures for initiation simultaneous measurements of flow and return temperature or for intake and / or discharge a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices (70 or 72) for flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium delivered at the same time Readings of these two temperatures during a specified period of time the device (74) for determining the difference between measured values at the same time both temperatures and one or one each via pulse lines on the one hand this device (74) for determining the difference between measured values at the same time both temperatures and with the time programming device (75) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a tracking of the one which is directly or after a predetermined period of time after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) corresponding change in this The limit of the setpoint range that determines the temperature difference is the difference between the flow and has return temperature to a new limit value. 77. Apparatus according to claim 76, characterized. that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one or one via pulse lines on the one hand with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature and with the time programming device (75) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) respectively. the setpoint generators (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment the same or the same in the sense of tracking the one that is directly or after a predetermined period of time after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2), adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium does not change this temperature difference accordingly determining limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures in the same direction as the tracking of the that of the immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) corresponding change in this The limit of the setpoint range that determines the temperature difference is the difference between the flow and return temperature and preferably also by one to the extent of the tracking thereof having proportional measure. 78. Device according to one of claims 60 to 67, characterized in that that as a heat generator (2) a fuel-fired ooer with electrical energy fed boiler and / or one charged on the primary side with primary heat transfer medium Heat exchangers, such as a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator (2) an electro-compression chiller or a gas or diesel engine-operated chiller or sorption chiller and as connected to the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) via the control line (19) Device for influencing the heating or cooling medium feed (14) Heat resp. Cooling capacity a multi-way mixing device (8 or 7), for example the respective heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat resp. Cold generator (2) on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow (14) and on the other hand, an admixing line coming from the heating or coolant return (16) (79) for the heat transfer medium connecting three-way mixer (8) or an optional the heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the Heating or coolant return (16) each with the heating or coolant supply (14) and the heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the heating or coolant return (16) with one to the heat transfer medium inlet (77) of the heat or cold generator (2) connected return line (79) connecting Four-way mixer (7) is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one continuously present during the operating time of the device (1) actuator (62), which emits a module-based control command, by means of which the drive (10) the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) the setting commands as absolute values Modulation differences a constant during the operating time of the device (1) pending operating command can be supplied, in each case when a deviation is determined the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper or below the lower limit of their specified setpoint range Supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or cooling medium flow (14) located heat transfer medium by changing the ratio of the heat transfer respectively. Cold generator (2) in the heating or coolant flow (14) fed mass flow to the total mass flow and / or the position of this The ratio of the organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) can be changed and one via a pulse line with the devices (70 or 72) for measuring the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device (73) for determining the difference between these two temperatures connected time programming device (75). for their part via impulse lines with a device (45) for the automatic adjustment of a or both setpoint generator (s) (41, 42) or one for each setpoint generator (41 or 42) associated device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same connected is. 79. Device according to one of claims 60 to 67, characterized. that as a heat generator (2) a fuel-fired or with electrical energy fed boiler and / or a primary side acted upon with primary heat transfer medium Heat exchangers, such as a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator (2) an electro-compression chiller or a gas or diesel engine-operated chiller or sorption chiller and as connected to the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) via the control line (19) Device for influencing the heating or coolant flow (14) fed in heat resp. Cooling capacity a multi-way mixing device (8 or 7), for example one of the respective heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow (14) and on the other hand one from the heating or coolant return (16) coming admixing line (79) for heat transfer medium connecting three-way mixer (8) or a heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the Heat resp. Cold generator (2) and / or the heating or coolant return (16) each with the heating or coolant flow (14) and the heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the heating or coolant return (16) with one to the heat transfer medium inlet (77) of the heat or cold generator (2) connected return line (79) connecting four-way mixer (7) are provided is and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a one modulated control command that is constantly present during the operating time of the device (1) emitting control command generator (62), by means of which the drive (10) of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) the setting commands as modulation differences in amount of a during the operating time of the device (1) continuously pending operating command can be supplied are, the supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant flow (14) located heat transfer medium in each case when determining a deviation of the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium over the upper one Limit of your specified setpoint range by reducing it in heating mode and in cooling mode, increase the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium reducible and in each case when determining a deviation of the difference from the lead and return temperature of the heat transfer medium below the lower limit of their specified Setpoint band by increasing in heating mode and decreasing in cooling mode the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium can be increased. 80. Apparatus according to claim 78 or 79, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) is a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line with the device (73) for determining the Difference between flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this difference from Flow and return temperatures above the upper and / or below the lower limit Detector device (29) connected to its setpoint band for determining the im Course of the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation with the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and full opening all Throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum possible difference between flow and Return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) at the time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this difference of lead and return temperature an increase in the same occurs for the first time Difference between flow and return temperature and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during cooling operation when cooling down after heating in the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or The cold generator (2) feeds the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and full opening of all throttle devices (4a resp. 4b) as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this The difference between the flow and return temperatures increases for the first time occurs, the difference between the flow and return temperatures and one each via an impulse line connected to this adjustable proportioning device (46a, 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper and the lower limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures as well as a or one in each case via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device (46a or 46b) of the setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned Setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures to one the minimum possible difference in both heating and cooling mode of flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimal difference from advance and return temperature (approach temperature difference) or a multiple or a fraction thereof and the associated lower Limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures both in heating mode and in cooling mode a one in comparison to this minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) or this multiple or fraction thereof is smaller or at most equal Many times or a fraction of this minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) or this minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) has a corresponding value. 81. Apparatus according to claim 79 or 80, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) is a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line with the device (73) for determining the Difference between flow and return temperature and / or via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this difference from Flow and return temperature above the upper and / or below the lower limit Detector device (29) connected to its setpoint band for determining the im Course of the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation in the heating or Coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and full opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures (Commissioning temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and / or during heating operation after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling after heating at the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and full opening of all throttle devices (4a resp. 4b) as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) occurring difference between flow and return temperature and one or for the upper and lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures one device (57) each for specifying time spans and one via impulse lines on the one hand with this device (57) for specifying time spans and on the other hand with the device (73) for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures and / or dividing device (67) connected to the detector device (29) for Determination of the time gradient of the minimum possible difference between the lead and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or the minimum difference of flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) or a setpoint selection device (43) with one each via a measured value line (80 or 82) with the device (70) for measuring the flow temperature and / or with the device (57) for specification of time spans and also one via impulse lines on the one hand with this device (57) for specifying time spans and, on the other hand, with the device (70) for measuring the flow temperature and / or with the device (72) for measuring the return temperature connected dividing device (67) for determining the time gradient of the Flow and / or return temperature as well as one or one each via pulse lines on the one hand with the dividing device (s) (67) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial hiring or a change hired Values of the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature on in both heating and cooling mode for a larger determined temporal gradient of the flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between them by a larger amount and for a smaller one determined temporal gradients of the flow and / or return temperature and / or the difference between the minimum possible and reduced by a smaller amount Difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) or minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) has a corresponding value. 82. Device according to one of claims 79 to 81, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) is connected to the measuring devices via pulse lines (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values time programming device (75) connected to these two temperatures for initiation simultaneous measurements of flow and return temperature or for recording and / or Output of a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium delivered at the same time Readings of these two temperatures during a specified period of time the device (74) for determining the difference between measured values at the same time both temperatures and one or one each via pulse lines on the one hand this device (74) for determining the difference between measured values at the same time both temperatures and with the time programming device (75) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a tracking of the that of itself or after a specified period of time after a change one the limits of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium adjusting the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) corresponding change in this limit of the setpoint range that determines the temperature difference the difference between the flow and return temperatures has reached a new limit value. 83. Apparatus according to claim 82, characterized. that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one or one via pulse lines on the one hand with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature and with the time programming device (75) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a tracking of the which is immediately or after a specified time after a change in one of the limits of the setpoint range the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium corresponding change in this temperature difference or this setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium does not determine Limit of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures in the same direction as the tracking of the that of the immediately or after a predetermined period of time after a change in one of the limits of the target value band the difference between the flow and return temperatures or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium adjusting the difference between the flow and return temperatures of Corresponding to the heat transfer medium (operating temperature difference) Change of this temperature difference determining limit of the setpoint range of the Difference between flow and return temperature and preferably also by one to the Has measure of the tracking of the same proportional measure. 84. Device according to one of claims 60 to 83, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a memory device (24) in which at least two, preferably more, preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures, for example for comfort, normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode, saved and a switching device connected to this via at least one pulse line (25) to eliminate the effect of one and activate the effect of another this has preferred pairings, each via a pulse line with at least one of the existing target value formation facilities (46a, 46b, 46a or 46b) for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature or with the or at least one of the existing program memory device (s) (47a, 47b or 47a or 47b) for influencing the target value band of the difference of Flow and return temperature or with at least one adjustment device that may be available (48a or 48b) for this or connected to at least one setpoint generator (41 or 42) is. 85. Apparatus according to claim 84, characterized in that in the Storage device (24) the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the Setpoint band of the difference between the flow and return temperatures with in the direction increasing values of this temperature difference are preferably proportionally larger Difference and / or ratio of the respective upper and lower limit of the difference of flow and return temperatures are saved. 86. Device according to one of claims 60 to 85, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a setpoint selection device (43) one or one each, preferably in each case via a measured value line with the measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via a respective impulse line with the device (74) for determining the Difference of simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperatures connected Detector device (29) for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures when the first change occurs during commissioning of the Device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or for the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and in each case full opening of all throttle devices (4a and 4b) as minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Start-up temperature difference) and in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating up the bucket at full load or in the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or Chiller (2) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and each full Opening of all throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum difference between the flow and return temperature (starting temperature difference) and a measured value storage device (26) for the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via each a measured value line (80 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference at the same time Measured values of flow and return temperature or via an impulse line with the Detector device (29) connected comparison device (116) for determining Deviations in the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) of the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and ratio forming means connected thereto by an impulse line (28), which each have a pulse line with at least one of the target value formation devices (46a resp. 46b) for the upper or lower limit of the target value band of the difference of flow and return temperature or with the or at least one of the program storage device (s) (47a, 47b or 47a or 47b) for influencing the target value band of the difference of flow and return temperature or with at least one adjustment device (48a or 48b) for this or connected to at least one setpoint generator (41 or 42) and by means of which the relevant setpoint generation device (56a or 56b) or program storage device (47a, 47b or 47a or 47b) or adjusting device (48a or 48b) or the relevant Setpoint generator (41 or 42) in the sense of changing the specified setpoint band depending on the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium the ratio of the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) too minimal possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) is adjustable. 87. Device according to one of claims 60 to 86, characterized. that at least one signaling device (59) for outputting an optical and / or acoustic signal perceptible information is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with one or preferably one each via a measured value line (80 or 82) with the Measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via a respective impulse line with the device (74) for determining the Difference of simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperatures connected Detector device (29) for determining the difference between the flow and return temperatures when the first change occurs during commissioning of the Device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or for the heating or coolant supply (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and in each case full opening of all throttle devices (4a and 4b) as minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Start-up temperature difference) and in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after a Heating at full load or with the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heating or cold generator (2) feeding the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) and each full opening of all Throttle devices (4a or 4b) as the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (Starting temperature difference) and a measured value storage device (26) for the minimal possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via each a measured value line (80 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line to the device (74) for determining the difference Simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature or via an impulse line comparison device connected to the detector device (29) (116) to determine deviations in the minimum difference between flow and return temperatures (Approach temperature difference) from the minimum possible difference between flow and Return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) with a limit detector device (30), which each have a pulse line with the hero (s) (59) is connected and by means of which these to make perceptible a one dem Exceeding or falling below a predetermined value corresponding to such a deviation Irregularity can be activated or are. 88. Device according to one of claims 60 to 87, characterized in that that at least one signaling device (60) for emitting an optical and / or acoustic signal perceptible information is provided, which is transmitted via an impulse line to a triggering device (40) is connected, which in turn via an impulse line with the comparison device (27) of the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) for determining the deviation of the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium via the upper and / or below the lower limit of their target value band and / or with a measured value storage device (26) is rounded off via an impulse line with this and / or with an over one measurement line each (80 resp. 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and the Return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or each via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from Flow and return temperature connected time control device (51) for recording and / or to retrieve one or more values of the determined difference between the lead and return temperature or one in each case via impulse lines with the measuring devices (70, 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from Flow and return temperature connected time control device (52) for recording and / or delivery of a measured value or a plurality of the Measuring devices (70, 72) for flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Delivered simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures during a given Period of time is connected, and connected by this in the absence of a deviation the difference between simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperatures over the upper limit of their target value band and / or in the absence of a deviation of the Difference of simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature over the upper one Limit their setpoint band within a specified period of time Making this irregularity perceptible can be activated or are. 89. Device according to one of claims 60 to 88, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) preferably has one in each case Measurement line (80 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or i2) for the flow and the return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from Flow and return temperature connected time control device (51) for implementation a plurality of measurements of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of determinations of the differences between measured values at the same time the same and / or for recording and / or for calling up one or more values the determined difference between the flow and return temperatures or one each via impulse lines with the measuring devices (70 or 72) for the flow and the return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or with the device (74) for Determination of the difference between simultaneous measured values for flow and return temperatures connected time control device (52) for recording and / or outputting a measured value or a plurality of the measuring devices (70, 72) for flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium delivered simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures during a given period of time, a comparator (27) to determine the size and / or direction of any deviation in the difference Simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature via the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified setpoint range of the difference between the flow and return temperature, a counting device (54) for the predetermined values during this Time span of any deviations from this difference between measured values at the same time, a program storage device (53) for a predetermined one predetermined during this Period of time permissible number of deviations in the difference that occur during operation Simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature via the upper and / or below the lower limit of your target value band and a detector device (29) to determine any deviation from the one determined by the counting device (54) Number of deviations that may have occurred during this predetermined period of time Difference between measured values at the same time and that stored in the program memory device (53) predetermined number of deviations permissible for this predetermined period of time Difference of simultaneous measured values as well as one via an impulse line with at least one of the setpoint generators (41 or 42) connected device (44) for automatic Change in the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of from this deviation of the number determined by the detector device (29) Occurring deviations in the difference between simultaneous measured values of the flow and Has the return temperature of the heat transfer medium from the permissible number of the same. 90. Device according to one of claims 60 to 89, characterized. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a counting device (55) for determining the number of changes that occur in operation during a given period of time in the form of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases the supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant supply (14) existing heat transfer medium or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of Heat transfer medium with counter (56) for these changes, a program storage device (53) for a given number admissible during this given period of time such changes and a detector device (29) for determining any Deviation of the number of such items determined by the counter (56) of the counting device (55) any changes that have occurred during this predetermined period of time from the predetermined by the program storage device (53) for this predetermined period of time permissible number of such changes as well as one via an impulse line with the Setpoint generator (41 or 42) connected device (44) for automatic change of the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of this deviation of the number of occurrences determined by the detector device (29) Changes from the permissible number of the same. 91. Apparatus according to claim 89 or 90, characterized by a by the device (54) for automatically changing the target value band Determination of a number of deviations in the difference compared to a predetermined number of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium via the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range or one versus a predetermined number of changes in shape of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases in the Supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant supply (14) existing heat transfer medium or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium larger number of such deviations of the difference from the flow. and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or such changes in this Heat resp. Supply of cooling capacity or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of an increase in the difference between the two limits this target value band and when determining a number compared to a predetermined number such deviations in the difference between the flow temperature and the reflux temperature of Heat transfer medium or one compared to a predetermined number of such changes this heat resp. Cooling power supply or one compared to a predetermined number such changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium lower number of such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or such changes in this heat or Cooling power supply or such changes in the setpoint of the Flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of a reduction in the difference the two limits of this setpoint band adjustable setpoint generator (41 or 42). 92. Device according to one of claims 60 to 91, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) for the start of cooling and / or for the start of heating to the minimum possible difference between ~ upper and lower limit of the setpoint band for the difference between the flow and return temperatures the setpoint generator (41 or 42) set for the heat transfer medium and a timing device (48), by means of which, during heating operation, cooling by a predetermined amount Accelerated period of time and / or heating by a predetermined period of time delayed or, in the case of cooling operation, the heating is accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or cooling can be initiated delayed by a predetermined period of time. 93. Device according to one of claims 60 to 92, characterized in that that at least one measured value line (15) is connected to the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) connected device (5) for continuous or in predetermined Measurement of the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium taking place at intervals is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) on the one hand with this and on the other hand via a respective measured value line (80 or 82) to the measuring devices (70 resp. 72) for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and or via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference at the same time Measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Multiplier device (50) for continuous or predetermined time intervals occurring formation of the products from continuously or at predetermined time intervals obtained measured values of the total mass flow and the difference between the simultaneously determined Measured values of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and preferably also one connected to this multiplier (50) via an impulse line Device (69) for the optical and / or acoustic display of a measured value of the in the heating or coolant flow (14) fed heat or cooling power corresponding result of the multiplier (50). 94. Device according to one of claims 60 to 93, characterized in that that the control device is divided into two interconnected functional groups (20a, 20b) is structured, one of which includes the facilities for those functions that usually not or only rarely changed during the heating or cooling period and preferably in the vicinity of the heat or Cold generator (2) and / or any three- or four-way mixer (8 or 7) is arranged, while the other is the facilities for the user includes adjustable functions and as a room switching station in convenient proximity of the user is arranged.