DE346128C - Stone heat exchanger - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a stone heat exchanger (recuperator) with several stacked rows of the pipes forming the flue gas channels, through their Gaps the air to be heated is passed through.

In recuperators of this type, it is known that the partly lying, partly standing gaps of the pipes at their crossing points in

ίο the longitudinal direction to separate from each other, whereby surrounding the pipes on all sides, extending over the entire length of the flue gas ducts and thus parallel air channels are formed. This type of construction grants compared to The space it occupies the largest heating surface, since the flue gas ducts from the air on all sides be washed around, but here prepares the even guidance of the air through the recuperator great difficulties. The well-known

Zo ten proposals for air routing all follow the principle of combining all standing and all lying air ducts together or all standing and all lying ducts separately at the front ends. However, this combination of all channels has narrow inlet and outlet cross-sections for the air, which result in severe throttling, so that relatively high pressures are necessary to convey the air through the recuperator '. The combination of the channels at the front ends also results in a confusing structure, which means that repairs are impossible due to the inaccessibility of the pipes. If all air ducts are combined together, they must all be connected in parallel, and a change in the direction of the flue gas is also not possible. The forced parallel connection of all channels in turn results in only low flow velocities and thus poor heat transfer. Finally, conditional ^: the separate combination of all horizontal air ducts on the one hand, and all standing air ducts on the other hand, a nesting of the ducts against each other, which, in addition to the confusing structure, has the disadvantage that tensions arise in the masonry that easily lead to cracking.

In the recuperator forming the subject of the invention are also the partly lying, partly standing gaps between the pipes at their crossing points in the longitudinal direction separated from each other by many, surrounding the tubes on all sides, over the entire length of the To form smoke gas ducts extending and thus parallel air ducts. According to the invention However, the air ducts are not combined at the front ends, but the airways through the recuperator are formed in that the air channels within the channel block are directly connected to each other. This ensures that the air is completely arbitrary Paths can be shown through the recuperator by dividing the air, either to flow through all rows of horizontal and vertical channels one after the other or by adding one or more rows of horizontal and vertical channels in groups be connected in parallel, and the air the different groups of ducts one after the other flows through. The transition cross-sections from one row of channels to the other can easily be in the correct ratio to the passage cross-section of the air

channels are brought, so that throttling occur at any point and also no high Pressures are required to blow the air through the recuperator. There is also the possibility of choosing the number of groups connected in parallel Channels to regulate the flow rates of the air at will, so that the recuperator can be adapted in all parts to the conditions of the respective system. As a result Absence of distribution, connecting or collecting ducts, boxes or manholes The front ends of the recuperator have a completely clear structure, and the pipes remain completely accessible for repairs. For the same reason will too the flue gas flow is not affected in any way, so that the flue gas direction within the recuperator can be changed as often as required.

It is used in recuperators with several rows of flue gas ducts arranged one above the other forming tubes, through the interstices of which the air is passed, per se already known to connect the air ducts directly to one another within the duct block. In this known design, however, there are no surrounding flue gas ducts on all sides, Over the entire length of the same extending and thus parallel air channels are present. Much more there are the standing spaces between the pipes by vertical transverse walls into one Number of vertical air ducts divided, j and the lying spaces are divided by I. horizontal transverse walls divided into short chambers, which j Connect right air ducts. As a result, j are essentially perpendicular from bottom to top J running air ducts created, which the j flue gas ducts hardly on half of their i the entire length and through which the i air flows at right angles to the direction of the flue gas, j As a result, the flue gas ducts are only surrounded by the air over about half their length washes, and the air flows on the shortest | Way through the recuperator, which alone even an extremely poor utilization of the waste heat is caused. The Disadvantage that all air channels flow through in the same direction, namely from bottom to top and that all air ducts are connected in parallel, which results in only low flow velocities surrender to the air. A change in the air flow direction is quite impossible. The air can neither partially nor completely countercurrent to the flue gases, rather it always flows at right angles to the flue gas direction through the recuperator. The advantage of the immediate connection the air ducts with each other within the duct block is therefore in this device ! through a number of serious ones! Disadvantages bought.

In contrast, the subject matter of the invention remains, regardless of the advantage, the immediate : Connection of the air ducts within the duct block has the advantage that the flue gas ducts from 'the air on all sides and along its entire length -: to be washed around, to exist. So you get the j the largest conceivable heating surface, which means that the günj The greatest possible utilization of the waste heat is achieved. : The forced parallel connection of all air : channels are omitted, and it is possible, depending on the circumstances, either all of the air channels borrowed one after the other or in groups in parallel and ι to switch the groups back to one another, whereby the air is wholly or partially guided in countercurrent to the flue gases, i.e. the dcnk-1 bar the best heat gradient can be achieved. The invention thus eliminates the shortcomings of the known Designs while combining these advantages.

On the drawing in Figs. 1 to 8 embodiments of the invention are schematically shown, namely show

Fig. Ι a longitudinal section through the new heat exchange apparatus along the line AA j of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the same along line BB of Fig. 1 and

Fig. 3 again shows a longitudinal section along line CC of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 also shows in a longitudinal section another Ausfühiungsform, in which in In contrast to the series connection of the air ducts in Fig., I to 3 the air ducts partially are connected in parallel.

In Figs. 5 to 8, a third embodiment of the invention is shown, and although show

Fig. 5 and 7 two cross-sections through part of the heat exchange apparatus,

Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section along the line DD in Fig. 5 and

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section along the line EE in Fig. 7.

The new heat exchanger according to Fig. 1 to 3 consists of the pipes a composed of plates with tongue and groove or of pipe pieces, which are constructed completely independently of one another. The pipes α, which are tightly walled in, are placed on top of one another in a dry manner with the inclusion of intermediate layers b with a certain lateral distance. The stones of the intermediate storage b lie close to one another and represent dividing walls between the lying air ducts c formed by them and the standing air ducts h d formed by the lateral spacing of the tubes a. At the heads, the pipes α are walled up by suitable shaped stones e and f and keystones, g and h. In this way it is achieved that

each canal can stretch freely. Tension caused by too sharp walling in is avoided, and After loosening the keystones, each channel can be removed and repaired in any length will.

The hot flue gases enter the heat exchanger through channel i and flow one after the other through all the existing rows of flue gas channels, alternately in one direction and the other. To protect the sewer heads, junction blocks k without a bandage are placed in front of the sewer heads at the reversal points of the flue gases, which can be easily removed in order to be repaired or replaced by oneself or to make repairs to the pipes α . The stones k expediently have a wedge-shaped or similar cross-section in order to achieve good flue gas guidance at the turning points and to avoid flow losses.

The guidance of the air entering the apparatus through the distribution channel I is achieved in the simplest way by leaving out individual stones of the intermediate layers δ at a suitable point and by blocking false passages. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, suitable for smaller apparatuses, in which each row of the horizontal and vertical channels alone has sufficient passage cross-section, all the rows of horizontal and vertical channels are connected one behind the other. The passage of the air from one row to the other takes place through openings which are created at the ends of the channels by omitting one or more stones of the intermediate layers b . At one end (on the left of the drawing), flat bridge stones t cover the connection between the underlying and underlying canals and allow sufficient passage to the overlying canals d, while at the other end (on the right of the drawing) corresponding bridge stones m die Cover the connection from the ducts c located above to the ducts d located above and leave a sufficient passage cross-section to the ducts d below. At the same time, the direct connection of the standing channels d to one another is interrupted by the bridge stones or plates t, m , and the air is forced to be guided one after the other through all rows of lying and standing channels c and d . With this circuit, the airways are alternately in cocurrent and countercurrent to the flue gases.

In larger systems, several rows of horizontal and vertical air ducts are combined, ie connected in parallel, in order to obtain sufficient flow cross-sections. In the embodiment according to Fig. 4 j there are two rows of lying and standing | I summarized air ducts, accordingly j each two rows of flue gas ducts i are connected in parallel, and the flue gases flow i first through the two upper and then in the opposite direction through the two lower rows of flue gas ducts. The air flows ¹ against the flue gases in pure countercurrent i.

I The connections of the air ducts are carried out in a similar way as in Fig. 1 to 3

■ Gaps created in the intermediate layers δ and \ the wrong passages are closed again by i bridge stones t, m . To one! uniform distribution of the air in all lying channels to achieve the ur..d standing channels

■ the connection cross-sections are chosen so that they correspond respectively cross sections still bestreichenden channel \ the. The air comes out

j the lower distribution channel I in the first lying row 1, but at the same time goes further up * to row 1 «, 2, 2a. At the left, ie the air inlet end, the upwardly narrowing of the transition cross-sections counteracts the buoyancy of the air, while at the end opposite the air inlet, a corresponding increase in the connection openings ensures that there is a sufficient cross-section for the outflow of the collecting air flows upwards is. Row 3 represents the starting point. From here, the air flows upwards in appropriately graded cross-sections and divides into streams 3 ", 4, 4" and 5, which are collected through the passage cross-sections at the top left.

If there is a sufficient chimney draft, filling stones η of, for example, a cross-shaped or similar cross-section can be inserted into the flue gas ducts to increase the flue gas speed and thus the heat transfer as well as to increase the heat-storing stone mass. The flue gas ducts are thereby divided into four ducts.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 8, special intermediate layers δ ¹ , δ ^{2 are} provided for each pipe instead of the intermediate layers δ which are always common to two pipes a. The intermediate layers δ of Fig. 1 to 4 are so to speak divided longitudinally. The standing air channels d are separated from one another by flat stones or plates 0 , which are placed on the intermediate layers δ ¹ , δ ² protruding into the standing channels by a suitable amount. The standing channels d are connected to one another by simply leaving out plates or stones 0 (see Fig. 6), while that of the lying channels c with the standing channels d is effected by leaving out stones from the intermediate layers b \ δ ² , iso An the places where the lying channels c with the overlying channels d

are to be connected, according to the gaps in the intermediate layers δ ¹ , δ ² stones or plates ο are omitted, the wrong connection with the underlying canals is covered by flat stones or plates p , which under the intermediate layers δ ¹ , δ ² are placed on the tubes α or in their recesses (see Figs. 7 and 8). At the points where the channels lying below are to be connected to the channels underneath, only gaps need to be made in the intermediate layers δ ¹ , δ ² , while the plates 0 remain uninterrupted. It can be seen that in this way, as in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4, any positive guidance of the air is achieved. The embodiment according to Fig. 5 to 8 has the advantage that the intermediate layers are not a hindrance when removing and installing individual channels. At the same time, the cross-sections of the standing ducts are enlarged and by letting the cover plates p into the tubes α (Fig. 7), constrictions in the cross-section at the transition points between the air ducts are avoided.

The channels c, d are only called air channels for the sake of brevity. Of course, the new heat exchange device can also be used to heat other gases instead of air heating.

Claims (1)

Patent Claims: i. Stone heat exchanger (recuperator) with several arranged one above the other ^! th rows of the pipes forming the ratich gas ducts, through the spaces between which the air to be heated is passed, characterized by the combination of the following known devices: a) The partly lying, partly standing ■ spaces between the pipes are at their 1 crossing points in the longitudinal direction from- | separated from each other, making the pipes all- | side of over the entire length of the smoke I gas ducts extending, thus parallel; len air ducts are surrounded. i "b) The airways through the recuperator ■ are through direct connections of the Air channels are formed within the channel block. 2 ·. Steinerner heat exchanger according to claim i, wherein between the rows of the flue gas channels tubes forming both the stationary and the spaces lying are rule were provided from each separating intermediate [, characterized in that the air passages (c, _d); Gaps in the intermediate layers (δ) are connected to one another, with flat bridging stones (t, m) incorrect connections of the lying channels (c) with the channels above or below (d) and thus the direct connection of the latter with each other everywhere or in places are interrupted in order to reach certain airways through the standing and lying ducts. 3. Stone heat exchanger according to claim i, in which special intermediate layers separating only the lying air ducts are provided for each pipe, characterized in that the standing air ducts [d) are separated from each other by flat stones placed ^{on the intermediate layers (δ 1} , δ ²⁾ or plates (0) are separated and the air communication paths are formed by gaps in the intermediate layers (δ ¹ , δ ² ) or by gaps in the intermediate layers and the plates (0), with incorrect connections of the lying channels with the underneath Channels and thus the direct connection of the latter are interrupted everywhere or in places by plate (p). 4th Stone heat exchanger according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the direct connection of the standing channels (d) to one another at all points and the connection of the lying channels (c) is interrupted alternately with the channels above and below, so that the Air must flow through the superimposed rows of lying and standing channels one after the other. 5. Stone heat exchanger according to claim ι to 3, characterized in that the direct connection of the standing channels (d) with each other and the connection of the lying channels (c) with the standing channels (d) is interrupted in places such that one or more groups of horizontal and vertical ducts remain connected to one another in groups and the air flows through the various groups of ducts one after the other. 6. Steinerner heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 5, characterized in that the passage cross sections at the connecting points of the channels (c, d) within the groups at the air inlet end decrease upwards and increase upwards on the opposite side to achieve an even distribution of the air flows, whereby filling stones (s) can be inserted into the flue gas ducts to regulate the flue gas speed. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.