DE3447066A1 - METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF HYDROCHLORINE FROM DESTROYING GASES - Google Patents

METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF HYDROCHLORINE FROM DESTROYING GASES

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Publication number
DE3447066A1
DE3447066A1 DE19843447066 DE3447066A DE3447066A1 DE 3447066 A1 DE3447066 A1 DE 3447066A1 DE 19843447066 DE19843447066 DE 19843447066 DE 3447066 A DE3447066 A DE 3447066A DE 3447066 A1 DE3447066 A1 DE 3447066A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gases
chlorinated hydrocarbons
impregnated
activated carbon
catalytic removal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19843447066
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Heribert-Franz Dipl I Dernbach
Klaus-Dirk Dipl Ing Henning
Karl Dr Ing Knoblauch
Ekkehard Dr Ing Richter
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Bergwerksverband GmbH
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Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Bergwerksverband GmbH filed Critical Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority to DE19843447066 priority Critical patent/DE3447066A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1985/000723 priority patent/WO1986003690A1/en
Publication of DE3447066A1 publication Critical patent/DE3447066A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8659—Removing halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D53/8662—Organic halogen compounds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

A process for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons from gases containing chlorinated hydrocarbons, whereby the gas flow which is to be cleaned is fed through a reactor (2) which contains a dehydrochlorination catalyst and an alkaline material. The reaction is performed at temperatures of 200-600<o>C and flow rates of 0.01-0.6 m/s. The dehydrochlorination catalyst may be in the form of activated carbon, aluminium oxide, silica gels or zeolitic molecular sieves which are impregnated with calcium, barium, copper or cobalt salts representing 2-20% by weight.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur katalytischen Entfer-The invention relates to a method for catalytic removal

nung von Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen aus neponiegasen oder anderen Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe-enthaltenden Gasen.The use of chlorinated hydrocarbons from nepona gases or other chlorinated hydrocarbons Gases.

In Deponiegasen können in der Regel 10 bis 20 verschiedene Chlor-und Chlorfluorkohlenwasserstoffe nebeneinander nachgewiesen werden. Die Konzentrationen der Einzelkomponenten liegen bei 20 bis 3 200 mg chlorkohlenwasserstoff/m . Durch die Vielzahl der Komponenten mit jeweils geringen Konzentrationen ergeben sich die hohen Chlorkohlenwasserstoffgehalte der Deponiegase.In landfill gases there can usually be 10 to 20 different chlorine and Chlorofluorocarbons can be detected side by side. The concentrations of the individual components are 20 to 3 200 mg chlorohydrocarbons / m. By the large number of components, each with low concentrations, result in the high chlorinated hydrocarbons in landfill gases.

Wenn der Energieinhalt der Deponiegase genutzt wird, sollten vorher die Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe aus folgenden Gründen aus den Gasen entfernt werden: - Bei der Verbrennung der Deponiegase zur Wärmeerzeugung oder der Abfackelung kann es bei Verbrennungstemperaturen unter 1200°C zur Bildung von Dioxinen kommen.If the energy content of the landfill gases is used, it should be done beforehand the chlorinated hydrocarbons are removed from the gases for the following reasons: - When burning the landfill gases to generate heat or flaring Dioxins are formed at combustion temperatures below 1200 ° C.

- Bei der Verwendung der Deponiegase in Gasmotoren sind nur Chlorkohlenasserstoffgehalte unter 50 mg/m3 tragbar, da sonst die Motoren durch Chlorkorrosion nach kurzer Betriebszeit unbrauchbar werden.- When the landfill gases are used in gas engines, there are only chlorocarbon contents below 50 mg / m3, otherwise the motors will be damaged by chlorine corrosion after a short period of operation become unusable.

3 Zur Entfernung von höheren Konzentrationen (über 1 g/m ) an Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen aus Gasgemischen haben sich in der Technik Adsorptionsverfahren (Aktivkohle) oder Kondensationsverfahren bewährt. Nach VDI-Richtlinie 2280 können mit Aktivkohleverfahren z.B. Dichlorethylen auf Restgehalte von unter 100 mg/m3 aus dem Gas entfernt werden. Sind im Gasgemisch aber 3 Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe unter 1 g/m enthalten und werden zusätzlich noch chlorkohlenwasserstoffgehalte im Reingas kleiner 3 50 mg/m gefordert, so werden die genannten Verfahren unwirtschaftlich. Außerdem Verhalten sich die verschiedenen Chlor-und Chlorfluorkohlenwasserstoffe adsorptionstechnisch unterschiedlich, so daß es durch die konkurrierende Adsorption zu der sogenannten Adsorptionsverdrängung einzelner Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe kommen kann. 3 For removing higher concentrations (over 1 g / m) of chlorinated hydrocarbons from gas mixtures have become in technology adsorption processes (activated carbon) or Proven condensation process. According to VDI guideline 2280, activated carbon processes can be used E.g. dichlorethylene can be removed from the gas to a residual content of less than 100 mg / m3. However, if the gas mixture contains 3 chlorinated hydrocarbons below 1 g / m 2 and will In addition, chlorinated hydrocarbon contents of less than 3 50 mg / m are required in the clean gas, this makes the processes mentioned uneconomical. In addition, behavior the various chlorine and chlorofluorocarbons are adsorbed different, so that it is due to the competing adsorption to the so-called Adsorption displacement of individual chlorinated hydrocarbons can occur.

Aus der DE-PS 11 74 764 ist es bekannt, daß mit Hilfe von unimprägnierten und mit Catciutchlorid oder Bariumchlorid imprägnierten Aktivkohlen ein Molekül Chlorwas#etstoff aus Tetrachlorethylen zur Herstellung von Trichlorethylen abgespalten werden kann. Die Herstellung von Perchlorethylen aus Pentachlorethan (DE-PS 8 46 847) ist durch partielle HCl-Abspaltung ebenfalls möglich.From DE-PS 11 74 764 it is known that with the help of unimpregnated and activated carbon impregnated with catalytic chloride or barium chloride, one molecule Hydrogen chloride is split off from tetrachlorethylene to produce trichlorethylene can be. The production of perchlorethylene from pentachloroethane (DE-PS 8 46 847) is also possible through partial elimination of HCl.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die in Deponiegasen enthaltenen Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe durch eine vollständige Dehydrochlorierung in Kohlenwasserstoffe umzuwandeln.The invention is based on the object contained in landfill gases Chlorinated hydrocarbons through complete dehydrochlorination into hydrocarbons to convert.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs t gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim t resolved.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung erfolgen durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche.Further developments of the invention take place through the features of the subclaims.

Das chlorkohlenwasserstoffhaltige Deponiegas wird zunächst über geeignete, an sich bekannte Dehydrochlorierungskatalysatoren, z.B. Aktivkohlen oder mit Calcium-, Barium-, Kupfer- oder Kobaltsalzen imprägnierte Aktivkohlen, imprägnierte Aluminuiumoxide, Silicagele oder Molekularsiebe bei Temperaturen von 200 bis 6000C geleitet. Da sich ein dleichgewicht einstellt, wird nur eine unvollständige Dehydrochlorierung durch diese Katalysatoren erreicht.The landfill gas containing chlorinated hydrocarbons is first fed via suitable, known dehydrochlorination catalysts, e.g. activated carbon or with calcium, Barium, copper or cobalt salts impregnated activated carbons, impregnated aluminum oxides, Silica gels or molecular sieves passed at temperatures of 200 to 6000C. That I if an equilibrium is reached, only an incomplete dehydrochlorination will result achieved these catalysts.

Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß mit einer Mischung aus einem Dehydrochlorierungskatalysator und einem alkalischen Material, z.B. Calciumoxid oder Calciumcarbonat, eine vollständige Dehydrochlorierung gelingt. Es ist auch möglich, beide Materialien abwechselnd in mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten in einen Dehydrochlorierungsreaktor einzubringen.Surprisingly, it has now been found that with a mixture of a dehydrochlorination catalyst and an alkaline material such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, complete dehydrochlorination succeeds. It is also possible to alternate both materials in several successive layers to be introduced into a dehydrochlorination reactor.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe zunächst an Aktivkohle adsorbiert und dann nach einer Heißgasdesorption in aufkonzentrierter Form dem Dehydrochlorierungsreaktor zugeführt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the chlorinated hydrocarbons first adsorbed on activated carbon and then after a hot gas desorption in concentrated Form fed to the dehydrochlorination reactor.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung und der Beispiele näher beschrieben.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing and the examples described in more detail.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Dehydrochlorierungsreaktors.The single figure shows a schematic representation of a dehydrochlorination reactor.

Aus der Figur geht hervor, daß das Deponiegas in einem Wärmetauscher 1 auf die Reaktionstemperatur aufgeheizt und in den Reaktor 2 geleitet wird. Dabei kann die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit 0,01 bis 0,6 m/s betragen. Die erforderliche Wärme kann z.B. durch Teilverbrennung einer geringen Menge des Gases erzeugt werden. Der Reaktor 2 ist mit einer rlischung aus dem Dehydrochlorierungskatalysator und alkalischem Material gefüllt. Die beiden Komponenten können auch in einzelnen Schichten angeordnet sein. Die Gesamtschichthöhe sollte mindestens 0,3 m betragen.The figure shows that the landfill gas is in a heat exchanger 1 is heated to the reaction temperature and passed into the reactor 2. Included the flow velocity can be 0.01 to 0.6 m / s. The heat required can e.g. be generated by partial combustion of a small amount of the gas. Of the Reactor 2 is with a mixture of the dehydrochlorination catalyst and alkaline Material filled. The two components can also be arranged in individual layers be. The total layer height should be at least 0.3 m.

Beispiel 1 In den in der Figur beschriebenen Reaktor wird ein Deponiegas mit einem Gesamtchlorgehalt von 690 mq/m3 geleitet. Die Reaktionstemperatur beträgt 400°C und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit 0,09 m/s. Der Reaktor (Durchmesser 50 mm) ist mit einer Mischung aus 250 g Aktivkohle (Rütteldichte 360 g/l), die mit 5 # Bariumchlorid und 5 % Cacliumchlorid imprägniert ist, und 250 g Calciumoxid gefüllt. Im Reingas können nur noch 17 mg Gesamtchlor nachgewiesen werden. Die Abbauleistung beträgt 98 %. Example 1 A landfill gas is used in the reactor described in the figure with a total chlorine content of 690 mq / m3. The reaction temperature is 400 ° C and the flow velocity 0.09 m / s. The reactor (diameter 50 mm) is with a mixture of 250 g activated carbon (vibration density 360 g / l), which with 5 # Barium chloride and 5% calcium chloride is impregnated, and 250 g calcium oxide filled. Only 17 mg total chlorine can be detected in the clean gas. The dismantling performance is 98%.

Beispiel 2 Der im Beispiel 1 beschriebene Reaktor wird mit 250 g Alumini umoxid (imprgniert mit 5 e Kobaltchlorid und 5 % Bariumchlorid) und 250 g Marmor gefüllt. Bei einer Temperatur von 500°C und einer Gasgeschwindigkeit von 0,1 m/s wird der Gesamtchlorgehalt von 690 mg/m³ auf 8 mg/m³ reduziert. Example 2 The reactor described in Example 1 is 250 g Aluminum oxide (impregnated with 5 e cobalt chloride and 5% barium chloride) and 250 g marble filled. At a temperature of 500 ° C and a gas velocity of 0.1 m / s the total chlorine content is reduced from 690 mg / m³ to 8 mg / m³.

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Claims (4)

Verfahren zur katalytischen Entfernung von Chiorkohlenwasserstoffen aus Deponiegasen Patentanspruche 1. Verfahren zur katalytischen Entfernung von Chiorkohlenwasserstoffen aus Deponiegasen oder anderen Chlorkohlenwas serstoffe enthaltenden Gasen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu reinigende Gasstrom durch eine Mischung, bestehend aus einem an sich bekannten Dehydrbchlorierungskatalysator und einem alkalischen Material geleitet wird.Process for the catalytic removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons from landfill gases Patent claims 1. Process for the catalytic removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons from landfill gases or other gases containing chlorinated hydrocarbons, thereby characterized in that the gas stream to be cleaned by a mixture consisting of a per se known dehydration chlorination catalyst and an alkaline material is directed. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Reaktion bei Temperaturen von 200 - 6000C und bei Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten von 0,01 - 0,6 m/s durchführt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Reaction at temperatures of 200 - 6000C and at flow rates of Performs 0.01-0.6 m / s. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivkohlen, Aluminiümoxide, Silicagele oder Molekularsiebe mit Calcium, Barium, Kupfer oder Kobaltsalzen in einer Menge von 2 - 20 Gew.-% imprägniert sind.3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the Activated carbon, aluminum oxides, silica gels or molecular sieves with calcium, barium, Copper or cobalt salts are impregnated in an amount of 2 - 20 wt .-%. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3 ~ dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sauerstofffreie Gase vorzugsweise mit imprägnierten Aktivkohlen und Gase mit mehr als 0,3 % Sauerstoff vorzugsweise mit impragnierten Aluminiumoxiden, Silicagelen oder Molekularsiaben behandelt werden.4. The method according to claim 1 to 3 ~ characterized in that oxygen-free Gases preferably with impregnated activated carbon and gases with more than 0.3% oxygen preferably with impregnated aluminum oxides, silica gels or molecular sludges be treated.
DE19843447066 1984-12-22 1984-12-22 METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF HYDROCHLORINE FROM DESTROYING GASES Withdrawn DE3447066A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843447066 DE3447066A1 (en) 1984-12-22 1984-12-22 METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF HYDROCHLORINE FROM DESTROYING GASES
PCT/EP1985/000723 WO1986003690A1 (en) 1984-12-22 1985-12-19 Process for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons from gases containing chlorinated hydrocarbons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843447066 DE3447066A1 (en) 1984-12-22 1984-12-22 METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF HYDROCHLORINE FROM DESTROYING GASES

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Cited By (1)

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DE3632366A1 (en) * 1986-09-24 1988-03-31 Boelsing Friedrich Process for removing halogenated hydrocarbons from the gas phase

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NL8701998A (en) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-16 Univ Leiden METHOD FOR DEGREATING CHEMICAL WASTES BY HYDROGENOLYSIS, IN PARTICULAR ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS.
US5417934A (en) * 1988-06-04 1995-05-23 Boc Limited Dry exhaust gas conditioning
IT1229572B (en) * 1989-04-17 1991-09-04 S S T Solid State Technology S PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTED BY ORGANIC INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS BY CATALYTIC COMBUSTION.
US5457268A (en) * 1990-05-14 1995-10-10 The University Of Akron Selective oxidation catalysts for halogenated organics
ATE141829T1 (en) * 1990-05-14 1996-09-15 Univ Akron METHOD FOR DEGRADING HALOGENATED ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
DE4022526C2 (en) * 1990-07-16 1994-03-24 Degussa Process for the dehalogenation of organic compounds by means of alkali metal on solid supports
FI88364C (en) * 1991-08-09 1993-05-10 Ahlstroem Oy FOER FARING BEHANDLING AV HALOGENFOERENINGAR INNEHAOLLANDE PROCESS- ELLER ROEKGASER
JP3438786B2 (en) * 1992-02-28 2003-08-18 住友重機械工業株式会社 Low-temperature pyrolysis method of dioxins
JP3721247B2 (en) * 1997-09-10 2005-11-30 住友重機械工業株式会社 Low-temperature pyrolysis method for dioxins

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DE2736363A1 (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-02-23 Ppg Industries Inc METHOD OF TREATING A GAS STREAM CONTAINING C LOW 2 -C LOW 4 CHLORINATED OR BROMENED HYDROCARBONS
DE2811627A1 (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-09-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd METHOD FOR PURIFYING AIR CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
DE2904312A1 (en) * 1979-02-05 1980-08-07 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Dry adsorption of hydrogen chloride and opt. sulphur di:oxide - using porous adsorbent doped with metal oxide and activated and regenerated by heating in inert gas
EP0037537A1 (en) * 1980-04-03 1981-10-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Process for the manufacture of highly specific active char

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3632366A1 (en) * 1986-09-24 1988-03-31 Boelsing Friedrich Process for removing halogenated hydrocarbons from the gas phase

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Publication number Publication date
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