DE3438973A1 - Ventilation device with an air duct - Google Patents

Abstract

A ventilation device has an air duct (13) which has a change of direction in at least one place. In the region of this change of direction lies a fan (41) which has a fan wheel (37') which is designed as the impeller of a radial fan and which is driven by an electric motor (35) and has on the inflow side a stationary inflow nozzle (34) but not the spiral guide housing on the outlet side, which is otherwise usual in radial fans. The whole of electric motor (35), inflow nozzle (34) and fan wheel (37') is pivotable (39) by 180 DEG in the air duct (13) in order to be able to reverse the flow direction in the air duct as required. <IMAGE>

Description

LTG Lufttechnische GmbH
7000 Stuttgart 40

Ventilation device with an air duct

The invention relates to a ventilation device with an air duct in which a fan with a fan wheel is arranged which conveys air in a given direction through this air duct during operation. Such a device is known from DE - PS 27 13 424.

In many cases it would be beneficial if such a device the direction of flow of the fan could be reversed, e.g. in order to use a regenerative heat exchanger with 2 fans to be able to switch both fans to exhaust air in summer. This is the case with the known devices of this type not possible.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a ventilation device to create of the type mentioned, which avoids disadvantages of the known ventilation devices.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1. In this way, a reversal of the conveying direction is obtained in a simple manner, if necessary, and can, for example, significantly increase the ventilation of the ventilated rooms in summer, since this fan can then also be used to remove exhaust air. It is particularly advantageous if, according to claim 3, the air outlet openings of the fan wheel designed as an impeller of a radial fan open freely into the air duct, so that this impeller freij_ _n is arranged blowing out the air duct. You don't need a

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special guide housing for the fan wheel, and the air duct can partially perform this function with an appropriate configuration take over. It is particularly advantageous to proceed according to claim 6 or 8, since here the radial to the impeller The running part of the air duct acts similarly to a guide housing and improves the efficiency of the fan. aside from that this results in a very compact design.

Further details and advantageous developments of the invention emerge from the. shown below and described in the drawing, in no way ⁿ as limiting the invention to be understood Ausführungsbeispie3 ^ as well as from the dependent claims, the drawings:

Fig. 1 in a schematic, sectional side view first embodiment of a ventilation device according to the invention, here in connection with a regenerative heat exchanger, and with a hairpin shape of the fan housing Air duct,

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, wherein the fan is arranged in a bend of an air duct, and

3 shows a third embodiment of the invention.

In the following description and in the drawing, parts that are the same or have the same effect are each designated by the same reference numerals and are usually only described once.

1 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a roof 10 of a large building space, in which roof a regenerative one The heat exchanger is installed vertically. In the case of the one limited at the top by this roof 10, by the heat exchanger 11 alone or in conjunction with other heat recoverers This type of room to be ventilated can be, for example

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a larger production room, a sports hall or act another space.

The heat exchanger 11 has a mushroom-like appearance on the outside 5

Shape and has an exhaust duct 12 and an air inlet duct 13, which are arranged and formed substantially symmetrically to each other. Each of the two channels 12, 13 has two straight channel end sections that are parallel to one another

12a, 12c and 13a, 13c, which are each connected to one another by a 180 -channel intermediate section 12b, 13b, so that the exhaust air channel 12 as well as the supply air channel 13 have practically hairpin-shaped courses. Both channels 12, 13 each contain a radial fan 40, 41.

The housing of the heat recovery unit 11 has a pot-shaped shape Hood 14, which are round, rectangular or square or any other suitable outline and whose ceiling 15, parallel to the roof 10, is flat and impermeable to air.

In this hood 14 is a she as well as the vertical nozzle 17 and 20th

26 used in approximately two equal halves dividing vertical central partition wall 16, which the supply air duct 13 of the Exhaust duct 12 completely separates. This partition 16 is with the exception of a slight bulge

16 ¹ just. This partition wall 25 firmly connected to the hood 14

penetrates the central, vertical, cross-section circular nozzle 17 and is only in it over the hood Extends downwards and divides it into two channel end sections 13a, 12a for the supply air and the exhaust air.

This the outlet opening 56 of the supply air duct 13 and the Inlet opening 55 of the exhaust air duct 12 at the lower end

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Pointing nozzle 17 penetrates a circular roof opening 18 protruding a short distance down from it b

and is fixedly arranged on the roof 10 and carries the entire heat exchanger 11.

The hood 14 ends at a distance above the roof 10, see above that through the space between its lower edge 19 and the roof 10 supply air from the outside atmosphere into the supply air inlet 71 of the duct end section 13c of the relevant Hood half flow in or exhaust air from the exhaust air outlet 70 of the channel end section 12c of the other hood half can leak into the outside atmosphere.

The upper area of the connecting piece 17 penetrates the middle one Opening of a storage mass ring 20 rotatable with a vertical axis of rotation, which essentially consists of a ring

from storage 20 through which the supply air and exhaust air can flow axially

cherraasse 21 for the purpose of heat recovery. The supply air and the exhaust air flow through approximately one half of the storage area 21. This mass storage ring 20 has a round, air-impermeable inner jacket 22 and a round one

air-impermeable outer jacket 23, which consists of the ring 25th

Speichenuasse 21 hold between them and through radial

Bridges are interconnected. The inner jacket 22 is held on the support 17 on the support rollers 24, their axes of rotation are horizontal, which carry this mass storage ring 20. The radial position securing of this memory 30

mass ring 20 serve support rollers 25 with vertical rotary

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axes, which are also carried by the connecting piece 17 5

and through narrow slots in the peripheral wall of the Stub 17 protruding through on the inner jacket 22 of the storage ring 20 to secure its radial position. The storage mass ring 20 is driven by an electric motor, not shown, arranged in the hood 14 For example. Driven by a traction mechanism or friction gear so that it is slowly about its vertical axis of rotation rotates, with a few revolutions per minute for the purpose of heat recovery.

At the upper end of the straight connector 17 is a 15

Cross-section of rectangular extension piece 26 over a connecting flange 27 connected through which the partition 16 passes diametrically and up to Hood cover 15 is enough and is spaced from all sides the outer urafangswandung of the hood 14 is located. As mentioned,

the vertical partition 16 divides the hood 14 into two Completely separate halves for the supply air and the exhaust air, so the connector 26 also extends on the outside and 17 up to the peripheral wall of the hood 14.

In the two diametrically opposite planes

Walls 30, 31 of this extension connector 26 each have a circular opening 32, 33, the opening 33 is formed by an elastic ring lip 31 ', pivot around of the fan 41 to allow. At the edges of this 30th

Openings 32, 33 are the outer ura traps of inlet nozzles 34 of the centrifugal fans 40, 41, .the no guide housing have, an- These radial fans 40, 4] consist here only of the motors 35, which are driven by them

Impellers 37, 37 "and the inlet nozzles 34. The electric 35

motors 35 of these centrifugal fans 40, 41 have

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horizontal, aligned axes of rotation and their shaft journals 3 6 carry the fan wheels, i.e. impellers 37,37 '. The nozzles 34 are means g struts are held on the end faces of the housings of the electric motors 35 facing away from the shaft journals 36. As shown, the air outlet openings of the impellers 37,37 'open freely into the supply air duct 13 or the exhaust air duct 12, so that it is not used in the case of radial fan

! Q blow out the usual volute casing, but freely in Blow out the exhaust air duct 12 or the supply air duct 13, what is structurally simpler and cheaper and also low noise, low dynamic losses and large volume flows and also more even flow of the respective downstream area of the storage terrace than results in the presence of spiral guide housing. In this case, those adjacent to the impeller 37 and 37 "form Areas of the ceiling and side walls of the exhaust air or Supply air duct 12 or 13 a downwardly open, for example.

2Q housing having approximately rectangular cross-sections for the impeller 37 or 37 '. However, it can also be provided if, for example, higher blowing speeds are desired, the impeller 37 and / or 37 'in a conventional Guide housing, such as a spiral guide housing or qua-

2g derfönuigen guide housing, to be arranged with the together it is used as a structural unit in the exhaust air or supply air duct, which corresponds to a conventional radial fan.

The nozzles 34 lead into the inflow openings of the impellers 37, 37 '. The fan located in the supply air duct 13 41 is in the drawing in the dem

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c Conveying supply air in the direction of the fully extended Arrows serving position. However, it is on the whole around a horizontal, perpendicular to its axis of rotation directed pivot axis 38 pivotally mounted by 180 ° in the direction of the double arrow 39, so that he from the position shown in a around

5 80 ° angularly offset position can be pivoted, in which then its conveying direction accordingly is reversed and it then promotes exhaust air instead of supply air. To enable this pivoting, can

The middle partition 16 is circular in cross section Have bulge 16 '. This pivoting of the fan 41 can, for example, by means of take place of an electric servomotor, which is arranged on the side wall 31 supporting this motor

"_ Can be net, or by hand using a lever, Cable pull or the like. The position of the fan 41 pivoted by 180 is shown in dash-dotted lines indicated.

The outer jacket 23 of the storage mass ring 20 has two outwardly directed flanges, the one inserted into the hood, the storage mass ring 20 in its central, circular opening 45 receiving Overlap intermediate bottom 46 for sealing at the top and bottom.

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c There are also in the two of the partition 16 opposite Outer wall areas of the hood 14 closable air passage openings 50, 51 arranged. In fact, it is about wide and high air passage openings 50.51, which is above des.Speichermasseringes 20 opposite the Fans 40, 41 are located and can be opened and closed by a pivotable opening flap 52, 53 each. These two opening flaps 52, 53 are pivotably articulated to the hood 14 at their upper edges. These two flaps 52, 53 can also be not shown by

, _ put electric servomotors in
ίο

their shut-off positions shown in full drawn out pivoted will. This pivoting can, as already mentioned, if desired with a speed adjustment of the The speeds of the fans 40, 41 can be coupled if their drive motors are adjustable in speed. The high-

Most speeds are set when the flaps 52, 53 are in their shut-off positions.

The mode of operation of this heat exchanger 10 is as follows:

__ In heat recovery operation, especially at winter zo

operation, the two flaps 52, 53 are closed and the supply air fan 41 is pivoted into the position shown in the drawing. The whole supply air flows, as shown by fully drawn arrows closed because of the overall _ _Λ flap 53 through the left side of the partition wall 16 gap 57 located between the hood 14 and the roof 10 in the bottom of this left half of the

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Hood 14 beginning, straight, vertically upwards leading Channel end section 13c and flows through into this channel section the half of the rotating storage mass 21 located in it axially and takes sensible heat from it and, if necessary, heat of moisture. The supply air conveyed by the fan 41 then flows through the 180 ° channel intermediate section 13b, which is here as at the level of the Flange 27 beginning and ending again can think. This supply air flows through the duct section 13b conveying impeller 37 'of the radial fan 41 and flows

then in a vertically downward direction until it comes out of 15

the outlet cone 56 of the left half of the connecting piece 17 and thus flows out of the supply air duct 13. The outflow opening 56 of the supply air duct 13 can normally be fully in this embodiment by means of a calibration

Flap 20 located in the open position shown in a solid line

60 can be shut off by pivoting into their dash-dotted shut-off position when this heat exchanger 11 is turned off.

The exhaust air is, as shown by solid flow arrows, through the exhaust fan 40 into the right half of the connecting piece 17 leading vertically upwards, that is to say in the channel end section 12a, is sucked in and then flows in the 180 ° -Kanal Zwischenabschnitt 12b, which in this Embodiment in turn can be thought of as beginning and ending at the level of the flange. This exhaust air flows through the impeller 37 of the fan 40 and

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_ From there then down through the subject 5

Fende half of the storage mass 21 axially flowing through it and then passes through the gap 58 between the right half of the hood 14 and the roof 10 into the open. The exhaust air gives off heat to the spoke pool 21.

In order to avoid a short circuit between the supply air and the exhaust air, the central partition wall 16 protrudes from the connection piece 17 Piece out downwards.

The exhaust air inlet 55 can also be provided with a shut-off valve 61 15

be cordoned off, which is normally in their depicted Open position is and only when the fan 40 is switched off in the dash-dotted closed position is pivoted. These two shut-off valves 60, 61 can be opened and closed by a common servomotor be shut off, preferably automatically as a result of the fans 40, 41 being switched on and off.

If only ventilation and no heat transfer between exhaust air and supply air is necessary, that is to say in particular temporarily in transitional operation and in Somra operation, the two flaps 52, 53 are opened. The supply air and exhaust air then flow almost exclusively through the openings 51 and 50, bypassing the storage mass 20, as indicated by the dash-dotted flow arrows. Namely, the entire supply air and exhaust air through these air passages 51 and ⁵ O is then practically sucked

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or blown out, as their flow resistances are negligible are small compared to the flow resistances of the storage mass 20 in the supply air duct 13 and exhaust air duct It is therefore not necessary to shut off the storage mass 20 on the air side. Ee still finds practically none Heat exchange between the supply air and the exhaust air takes place, even if the spoke wet ring 20 should rotate. With the flaps 52, 53 open, the storage mass ring can also be opened 20 shut down to save operating costs and reduce wear.

In order to increase the ventilation in the building space 64 adjoining the roof 10 at the bottom during summer operation, in the case of the heat exchanger 11 shown, the supply air fan 41 can be switched to exhaust air conveyance by enclosing it as a whole according to the arrow 39 _o

lent the nozzle 34 to the 180 pivoted position pivoted, in which it now sucks exhaust air from the space 64 and, as indicated by the dashed two-dot flow arrow indicated through the air passage opening

51 bypassing the storage mass 21 directly into the open 25

blows out. Also with the permanent exhaust air duct 12 is then the flap 52 is opened and the fan 40 then also conveys exhaust air past the storage mass 21 directly into the open. This not only improves the ventilation

_A reinforced, but with centrifugal fans with backwards -30

curved blades, the power consumption of the motors 35 is also reduced, so their operating costs are reduced,

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_ what a special significant operating cost reduction

can be, if, as mentioned / here also the The speeds of these two fans 40/41 are reduced.

The opening and closing of the flap 53 or both flaps 52, 53 can with the 180 ° pivoting movement of the fan 41 be coupled, with both fans exhaust air through the open flaps 52, 53 under the summer operation Bypassing the storage mass 21 can promote.

_ The drive of the storage mass ring 20 can instead by In some cases, a motor can also be carried out by the air flow. In this embodiment by the The air flow emerging from the fan wheel 37, in that it is connected to a flow in the circumferential direction of the storage mass ring 20 directed speed components into the storage

mass 21 entry. As a result of the deflection of the air into the Channels of the storage mass 21 in the axial direction creates a pulse which sets the storage mass ring 20 in rotation. Furthermore, the directions of rotation of both fans

__ 40/41 must be coordinated with one another in such a way that when both Ven-2o

fans 40, 41 convey exhaust air, the peripheral components tend Exit speed cancel the rotation of the storage mass so that it does not rotate in this case.

The illustrated arrangement of the electric motors 35 of the fans 40, 41 also has the advantage that their heat is supplied directly to the supply air in the case of the supply air fan 41 and indirectly via the storage mass 21 in the case of the exhaust air fan 40 and is thus obtained as useful heat.
35

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Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of an er-5

ventilation device according to the invention. While in Fig.1 the air duct 13 as described a hairpin-shaped, thus has a U-shaped course, is at the air duct 85 at Fig. 2, so to speak, the one leg of the ü bent upwards so that a course in the form of an elongated one S results, which can also be referred to as cranked, and two changes in direction of the air duct 85 has by 90 ° each. From below comes a vertical air duct section 75. This goes - changing the

Direction by 90 ° - over into a horizontal channel from 15

cut 76, in the middle of which a partition 77 is arranged, which leaves the opening 33 free in the middle and at its the lip seal 31 is attached to the inner edge. The fan 41 is fastened in this opening and

this can be pivoted about the axis 38 by 180 ° (arrows 20

39) in order to be able to reverse its conveying direction. Above

closes - with a renewed change of direction by 90 ° to the horizontal duct section 76, a vertical air duct section 78 at. When the fan is in the fully extended position, it conveys the air, 25th

For example, exhaust air, in the direction of the arrows shown in full line and in the one pivoted by 180, dash-dotted lines position shown then the air, for example. Supply air, in the opposite direction (dash-dotted arrows).

The appropriate circular cylindrical or rectangular " 30th

Cross-sectional channel section 76 also has the Effect similar to a guide housing for the fan wheel 37 'blowing freely into the air duct 85, the identical, is designed as with

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Fig. 1, so as an impeller of a radial fan. Overall, this results in a good degree of efficiency.

The horizontal channel section 76 is provided on the left and right with a side wall 79 and 80, which, as shown, are slightly bulged in order to enable the fan 41 to be rotated about the axis 38 (and by an angle of approximately 180 °). - The air ducts 75 and 78 can be seen to run at right angles to the horizontal duct section 76. In the fully drawn-out orientation of the fan 41, the duct 78 runs radially in relation to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel 37 and vice versa, after the fan has turned 180, the channel 75 is radial, based on the axis of rotation of the fan wheel 37 '. So you get in all cases a favorable flow profile and a good Wirkungs- ^AKJ degree of the fan because the fan wheel 37 is arranged 'in the area of a change in direction of the air duct. This also applies to FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the fan 41 in a straight air duct 86, which is horizontal, vertical or can run at an incline. In the channel 86 there is a partition 81 which leaves the opening 33 free and the lip seal 31 * carries. The fan 41 is arranged in the opening 33 in the manner shown and can also be pivoted about the axis 38 along the arrows 39 by 180 into the position indicated by dash-dotted lines so that its conveying direction from the

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according to the arrows shown in full line, the conveying direction runs in the direction indicated by the dash-dotted lines Arrows running in the opposite direction of conveyance can be reversed.

Naturally, further refinements and variations are readily available within the scope of the present invention possible / without departing from the basic concept of the invention.

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Claims (10)

Patent to sayings 1. Ventilation device with an air duct (13; 85; 86) in which a fan (41) with a fan wheel (37 ') is arranged, which conveys air in a predetermined direction through this air duct during operation, characterized in that the fan wheel (37 ') acts as an impeller a centrifugal fan and formed by 180 ° in a the position serving to convey air in the opposite direction can be pivoted (39). 2. Ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric motor (35) driving the fan wheel (37 ') is arranged in the air duct (13; 85; 86) and together with the fan wheel (37 ') can be pivoted through 180 ° (39). 3. Ventilation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the air outlet openings of the fan wheel (37 '), which is designed as an impeller of a radial fan, are free in the air duct (13; 85; 86). open out, so that this impeller is arranged blowing out freely into the air duct. 4. Ventilation device according to at least one of claims 1 3, characterized in that on the inflow side of the as Impeller of a radial fan trained fan wheel (37 ') a stationary inlet nozzle (34) is provided, and that this inlet nozzle (34) can be pivoted through 180 ° together with the fan wheel (37 '). 5. Ventilation device according to at least one of the preceding the claims, characterized in that the fan wheel (37 ') receiving opening (33) of the air duct (13) an elastic sealing lip (31 ') is provided, the free End against a stationary part (34) of the fan, in particular its inlet nozzle (34), and pivot of the fan in this opening (33) allows. 6. Ventilation device according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a section (13, 13c, 20; 75, 78) of the air duct is approximately radial to the impeller a radial fan formed fan wheel (37 ') in whose one pivoted position runs. 7. Ventilation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the wall (16) of the radially extending air duct (13) there has a bulge (16 ¹ ; 79, 80) where this wall is traversed by the fan wheel (37 ') when it is pivoted Away. 8. Ventilation device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that that also another section (13c, 20) of the air duct pivoted approximately radially to the fan wheel (37 ') designed as an impeller of a radial fan in the other Position runs. 9. Ventilation device according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the air duct (13; 85) at at least one point approximately below a right At an angle to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel (37 ') designed as an impeller of a radial fan. 10. Ventilation device according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the fan wheel (37 ') designed as an impeller of a radial fan in the area of a change in direction of the air duct (13; 85) is arranged.