DE3428716A1 - Process for the self-sufficient utilisation of waste, in particular in residential units, and apparatus for carrying out the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A system is described which initially individually removes faeces, urine and washing suds from the waste water and produces potable water from the remaining waste water with the aid of known biological processes. Urine is used for fertilising purposes, washing suds for the neutralisation of exhaust gases, and faeces after drying for heating purposes. Wet waste is dried and incinerated. Some of the equipment serving the abovementioned purposes is described, a distinction being made between the renovation of new buildings and old buildings.

Description

Sch 4286-D - 5. - -.:.-.-.

Process for self-sufficient waste recycling, especially in. Housing complexes and apparatus for carrying out the same

description

Since today's building technology with its supply and disposal = There are lines, critics repeatedly refer to the risks of the associated dependence on supply networks nrirt ^ pointed out their susceptibility to failure. More recently are even more problems have been added:

1. Due to over-fertilization and acid rain, the drinking water quality can often no longer be guaranteed. Even today, waterworks are often forced to do good

■ Drinking water that is less good when the permissible values are exhausted Mix in water to provide the necessary amounts of water. But it will only be provided by those with remote coverage associated waste requires such large amounts of water .. So the waste not only leads to excessive costs, but also of poor quality.

2. The one associated with the remote supply of electricity Waste of energy contributes to environmental pollution and forest death. .

3. As energy prices rise, the cost side also becomes problematic.

4. With the introduction of the heavily discounted construction methods described elsewhere, the share of the costs that is due to the mere development with water, sewerage and electricity is unacceptably high.

In fact, any one of the reasons given would be sufficient to abandon current technology if there were alternatives gives. Such alternatives, which of course also have to be economically advantageous, can only be interdisciplinary. In the following, a system of nothing but well-known and proven elements will be described that supply water Self-sufficiency with increased quality of supply, with regard to heat, Electricity, waste disposal and vegetable supply lead to extensive self-sufficiency.

Advantages and mode of operation of the invention are described in the following text and the figures.

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They represent:

Pig. 1 sketch of a "kidney" for the treatment of wastewater.

Pig. 2. ^ Water and heat recycling systems with the help of the "Meren" Pig -, - '3 Thermally protective green facade with accommodation of "kidneys" Pig. 4 A separating toilet for — separate treatment of faeces and

Rinse water.
Pig. 5 A combination device for drying waste and generating solar energy. ^ - -

Pig. 6 A simple drying system known per se. . Pig. 7 A water cycle with conventional flush toilets. Pig. 8 A drying system integrated in a passade. Pig. 9 A drying system that uses exhaust gases and Exhaust gas scrubber works.

Pig. 10 An exhaust gas scrubber with the associated Pig lye system. 11 An example of exhaust gas treatment.

The starting point is the root space = developed by Prof. Kickuth disposal 1 (Pig. 1) or another biological water treatment. It consists of plants 2, the roots of which are 3 of the one to be clarified Water will essentially be infiltrated horizontally. In this way, pollutants and germs are completely reduced keep the water drinking water quality. Through polien and / or insulating materials 4, through which the plants 2 grow through, rainwater can be drained and the root space can be protected from the cold. There is a traffic jam at the entrance = space 22, the inflow of which is preferably controlled by a float valve 6. Another float valve 5 holds the water level at the entrance of the root space 1 is constant. At the exit there is a storage space 23 with a vent = line 7, the upper end of which is higher than the water level set by the float valve 5. If on the outlet side no water is withdrawn, the water gradually rises to the top. this level and the flow comes to a standstill. From the storage space 23, the water is pumped by a pump 8 into a pressure vessel 10, from where it can be consumed. In between, a commercially available disinfection device 9 (e.g. "MuItus" from the Pirma "Katadyn") is connected, the possible Post-infections in the pressureless container 23 eliminated.

The washing machine 16 is used as a special consumer whose wastewater at least partially no longer enters the system is returned, so that a constant water renewal takes place * A washing machine is used, which itself = active for washing hot water from a water heater 20 and drawing cold water for rinsing. From the same controller a three-way valve 18b can be controlled at the outlet, which the detergent solution in a tub 29 and the strong

"" -diluted rinsing solution into the cistern 14a. The soapy water neutralizes the acidic rainwater.

If there is excess water in the cistern during heavy rainfall, this is used to release water from the system through a float-controlled valve 21 and thus flush the system through.
Pig shows a refinement. 2a: Through the recycling of industrial water

-The heat contained in the water is also recovered. In order to If the cold water does not get too warm, you set up your own hot water kidney 11c. A three-way valve 18c, which is of the temperature of the incoming wastewater is controlled, leads warm wastewater to the hot water kidney 11c. The precise control is extremely sensitive with today's microprocessors. Since pump 8 and disinfection 9 work intermittently anyway, you can switch them via three-way valves so that they serve both "kidneys" 11b and 11c. The Connect "kidney" 11a. (not shown) According to Pig. 2b one can see the fact that the water each with and if there is no pressure, use it to save on heat exchangers for hot water preparation: the drainage storage space 23c is used as a pressureless hot water boiler in which the pressure vessel 10c is housed. The pressureless water will in a solar collector 25 or by other heat sources with ^ the connection 24 are connected, heated. The heat transfer from the unpressurized to the pressure vessel then only serves to losses occurring in the hot water circulation 28 = same.

The whole arrangement is an Ars. Technical Niers: affreighted unpressurized water enters (dashed line) and purified water exits under pressure (solid line). The whole Device shall be designated with the kidney-shaped symbol 11 and as "kidney". In adaptation to changing boundary conditions individual parts can be omitted or added. With the help of these "kidneys" one can, according to Pig. 2 put together a self-sufficient water supply and disposal system: The rainwater is collected in a cistern 14. The main amount is stored in part 14a. That from the start cleaner rainwater, which comes after longer rains, is stored separately in the drinking water part 14b. There are different requirements for drinking water and service water to ask: Both must have conventional drinking water quality. However, the drinking water should be cool and calcareous. It is supposed to be a drink in the true sense of the word. Since little of it is needed, you can do it in every imaginable way processing. For example, it is possible to artificially cool it and store it in two pressure vessels, with it in one is mixed with carbon dioxide and comes out of the pipe as fizz. The water supply can at the same time to a drink = Supply will be. Such water loses quality significantly if it is in long pipes. Similar to today Hot water can be pumped around it in the flow and return. Where to find newer construction methods with nearby maximum If a citizen's meeting place is 100 m away, you will find several taps with different drinking water qualities in them Set up meetings where you can pick up this drink water. This also makes senseless waste impossible. The process water used for personal hygiene must be of drinking water quality hygienically and chemically. In addition, it has to be be soft and warm, i.e. possess properties that good drinking water does not have. The quality requirements for drinking and Domestic water are very different and in principle cannot be supplied by a single-track remote mains supply. The wastewater leaving the drinking water consumer 13 and the domestic water consumer 15 is in sewer pipes 12 to the Input of the domestic water cardioid 11b returned.

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According to Pig. 2c, the root space itself can also serve as part of a 'simple air-powered solar collector: behind a Opaque roof covering ~ 1 "9 ~ e" irtstand by means of suitable guides facilities thermally driven air circuits that give off heat to the root space. Here, however, are also Shut-off devices are required to protect the root space from overheating /

The space required for root space disposal depends on the '■ Loading the water from: Sewage including manure required

about 5 m per inhabitant equivalent. If you take the feces out,

there are still 1.5 m. If you also take out washing liquor and urine, the remaining space requirement should be between 0.5 and

1.0 m. At the same time any concerns about odors are irrelevant and can be in accordance with Figure 3 to accommodate the root spaces in a GRP facade.:. Between an otherwise described hanging facade 31 of opaque material, preferably CSF and a house wall 34 troughs 32 are suspended, containing the root spaces 1 . Insulation 33 protects the house from heat and cold. A deciduous facade planting 35 is attached to the outside, which provides shade in summer and lets light through in winter. Depending on how much you ventilate the facade, heat can be added to the water within certain limits. To increase the temperature difference between hot and cold water, a heat pump can be used that transports heat from cold to hot water.

The troughs 32, as well as the troughs in which the outer facade plants 35 grow, are preserved opposite the GRP facade 31 a rounding with a sufficiently large radius so that under Wind load no inadmissibly large bending stresses arise.

The feces are disposed of in a separating toilet as shown in FIG. It contains a waste bin 36, into which a flap 37 closable hole the manure falls into. At a deeper = Another point of the bowl is a closable liquid drain 38. The dimensioning is

so that the liquid never so-nor s-fc-efrb · that it is in the ; Kote bin can get. The flap 37 is operated by a hand lever 40, the liquid drainage by a push lever 39.

That. Klo "also contains a tank 42 from which with a small Hand pump 43 water can be injected for rinsing.

It is essentially a tried and tested commercially available one Construction related to liquid separation only

needs to be modified. "_."

The liquid from all toilets in a house passes through lines 41 via a large-area paper filter 44, e.g. newspaper = paper on metal grid, .in an intermediate container 45, from where a lower-lying filter candle 46, e.g. "Katadyn, Model HFSK "flows through and can be used as a hygienically perfect fertilizer. —_.

According to FIG. 4a, the whole can also be accommodated in a compact device, the tank 42 with the disinfected liquid = ke'it is filled. The excess can be collected in a container 47. When the performance of the filter cartridge 46 at If the load is insufficient, the liquid passes through an overflow 48 directly into the container 47. This is the case will, however, only seldom occur. If there are already flush toilets 61, a facility can be added Fig. 7 may be advantageous: the manure is caught in a restraint system. This restraint system can, for example, be a conventional Be septic tank. The liquid flows on into a container 62. This could, for example, be the last chamber of a multi-chambered one Be septic tank. From there it reaches a plant via a disinfection device, e.g. a filter candle 46 as a fertilizer culture 63 and is used from there to flush the toilet again. By a tributary 64, which e.g. that at the beginning of rains feeds the polluted rainwater that occurs, the evaporation losses are compensated for. With excess rainwater is desalinated through an overflow 65.

The development of photovoltaics, especially with vapor deposited silicon layers, e.g. "Ovonik Solar" from the company Sharp makes self-sufficiency efforts easy in the summer. All types of chemical energy should therefore be stored for the winter

That is why the manure is also processed nicri-fir Bios & sanla ^ n, but dried. The simplest is a system known as "water extraction from desert sand" according to Pig. 6: The excrement 48 is placed in a container which is "covered" with a transparent film 49 which is weighted down with a weight 51. The film is also perforated here so that rainwater can flow off through a drain 50. Steam rising from the feces is deposited on the foil, runs down to the lowest point and is diverted from there by line 50. Such a device can be set up in any sunlit location. You increase the output in winter if you heat it with any exhaust gases.
For larger systems, a combination of drying system and solar collector as shown in Fig. 5 can be useful. An air powered one

53.
Solar collector Has an inclined and a horizontal part.

The excrement 48 is placed in the horizontal part. The inclined part has the task of generating the thermal drive. It arises an air flow. Part of the solar energy is thereby absorbed assume that water evaporates from the feces. Part of the enthalpy is given off to a heat exchanger 54. It works Water collected in a basin 55 and drained off

The system according to Fig. 5 is particularly suitable for settlements whose residents are not interested in the technology: With the help of conventional toilet flushes, water and feces are transported to conventional septic tanks. From the first chamber the manure is pumped into the drying systems on the roof. The water from the last clarification stage is after disinfection partly used as fertilizer in the green spaces, partly returned to the flushing system. Losses will be by inferior water that is not harmful to plants, e.g. contaminated rainwater or groundwater that is not perfect replaced.

So after the celestial radiation has ceased, those in the excrement 48 contained heat is not lost unused "is still possible Provide flaps 93 that can be opened at night so that steam can escape. Odor problems must be taken into account be taken.

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If you have a compressor and If a throttle is provided at the exit, the system becomes a heat pump, with the evaporation liquid in the feces , contained water is used. This measure could also be used in larger plants become economically viable.

According to Pig. 8, the manure can also be used in a GPK facade according to Pig. 3 are dried: The mixture arriving in a downpipe 66 is first separated in a feces retainer 60. The feces will in-narrow, vapor-permeable container 67 is filled. The one for this necessary mechanism is not shown. The containers 67 hang on a paternoster-like elevator, preferably with a Hand mechanism is turned further. In the idle state there are two containers 67 and a pane of glass 68 in this way "one above the other that a thermally driven flow channel 69 is formed, which draws its energy from the through the glass pane 68 transmitted radiation. The outside of the container 67 is irradiated directly. Currents develop which absorb steam from the containers 67, which they transport to the GPK facade 31, where it is precipitated and down expires.

In the devices according to FIGS. 5, 6 and 8, limited Liquids for which there is no other use can be removed.

For materials that can be dried without causing an odor, such as wet waste, biomass or Lye are easier to dry with an open air circuit. Dried manure, wet waste, biomass and stored Dry waste is incinerated in winter. Human excrement and waste are poorly suited for biological recovery - e.g. biogas or compost toilet - because they contain toxins. On the other hand, the ashes produced during combustion can contribute to Sufficient quantities can easily be transported to central locations, where they are broken down into their raw materials at a profit. Before the combustion “gas can still be distilled, which is used to operate an internal combustion engine 70 and for cooking. Depending on the size of the system, a base-load steam engine or a Stirling engine and a peak-load internal combustion engine can be advantageous.

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A modern incineration plant requires exhaust gas scrubbing as the final stage. Exhaust gas scrubbing is profitable because exhaust gas condensing increases the heating efficiency to 101-6. There are exhaust gas washers on the market that work on the principle of the centrifugal pump. (Manufacturer: Kroll) According to Fig. 10, one will work with an internal combustion engine 70 and an ejjtiem furnace 71 both in new buildings and in refurbished old buildings, which differ in the exhaust gas scrubbing process in that the combustion engine

..tor back pressure jund "the" furnace does not tolerate. A simplified exhaust gas scrubber 72 is available for one engine 70 at. It consists of a tub 73, which is covered by a cover 74, e.g. made of concrete. The cover 74 has a Coating 75 made of very coarse, absorbent material, e.g. brick chippings with a grain size of 16 ... 32 mm. Through an overflow 76 the alkali level is kept constant in such a way that the coating protrudes fully into the alkali. The overflow height is adjustable so that you can determine the ideal lye level experimentally and possibly depending on the engine power can adjust. The engine exhaust presses the lye somewhat and pearls between the grains of the coating 75, where they come into intensive contact with the lye and are neutralized. In the process, heat is also given off to the lye, which is discharged through heat exchanger 77. In the exhaust gas duct 78, a basic environment is also generated by treating it with a absorbent layer 79 lines. The lye is injected from the lye container 29 at the highest point and flows slowly through the exhaust duct 78 into the tub 73 and from there via the overflow 76 into an intermediate container 80, from where it is pumped back into the tub 29. New lye is supplied from the washing machine 16. (Pig. 2) To keep the amount of liquid constant, water is allowed to evaporate from the tub 29. The necessary energy can be supplied by environmental energy from the GPK-Passade 31. The evaporation surface can be enlarged with a cloth 81, which is stretched a little above the surface of the lye and dips into it. Due to capillary action, liquid is constantly being created

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sucked in, which evaporates in the air stream. Sedimentations are flushed into the container by the newly added lye. The lye balance is also possible if the motor 70 is only

in ^ winter, since the evaporation causes such a reduction in quantity that storage for the ... - winter is possible. Caustic gas stream and waste gas stream run: against each other. The countercurrent principle can also be continued in the tub 73 by installing at least one slightly permeable wall 82. In the compartments created in this way, the lye concentration to the exhaust gas inlet drops. The heat exchange system 77 can also work accordingly in countercurrent - ^J '.

. ■■ In general, one is separated for motor 70 and furnace 71 '-: ^ __ . "'. Have an exhaust gas scrubber. Di-it is possible without difficulties ^" '' because the exhaust gas scrubber 72 can be dimensioned as desired - i.e. not to any given manufacturer sizes ; '. is bound. . _

When a furnace is in operation, the draft requirement has to be artificially generated a suction system 84 can be covered. ~

The accumulating sediments can be removed _x through cover 83 and dried in the drying systems.

If you use a catalytic converter on the engine, Simultaneous operation of furnace 71 and motor 70 should be possible.

If the engine is run all year round, it is , a drying system according to Pig. 9 possible. The feces are in Fecal retention 60a is collected while the liquid is drained through a plate 85. You have several retention points 60a, each of which has bracket 86 with which they stand on top of one another. The retainers 60a are in a container 87, the is shaped so that the exhaust gases entering below meander are diverted around the manure, absorbing steam, which they release again in the exhaust gas scrubber. The bottom rear shark = The device can be pulled out so that the ones above fall down by the appropriate amount. If you pull the sheet 85 away, which is also the lid of the container 87, the restraint falls with the damp manure into the container 87 and can through the

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lowest restraint, from which one removes the detached faeces has, 'to be replaced.

In the case of building renovations, the storage of low-quality heating material can be avoided • teri'al problematic. "In this case, a

"Configuration according to Pig. 11 on: The exhaust gases from the power-generating engine 70 are passed through the muffler 88 and the exhaust gas catalytic converter 89 - into a wood gas distillation system 90. The engine is set so that the exhaust gases have the necessary temperature of approx. 400 ^° C. . (Buchholz "condensed at 35O ⁰ C) for this purpose could ~~ ceramic motors, the higher 'exhaust gas temperatures have to be practical. However, it should also be possible with conventional engines to achieve higher exhaust gas temperatures at the expense of efficiency. The dry garbage is gasified in the distillation plant, whereby it loses its structure and can be stored. The gas is used to operate the engine

^ - "a dryer, e.g. the dryer 87 already described no unwanted gas distillations occur here, is ensured by an inlet 91 is supplied with air or through a heat exchanger

ν heat withdrawn. Because of the sealing problems one will for it ensure that there is negative pressure after the distillation system. A lot of water comes into the exhaust gas through the drying system 87 washer 72. One becomes by perfecting the countercurrent = principle ensure that the overflow 76 produces neutral water, which can be directed into the cistern 14. If there is a lack of lye, rinsing lye will also be used in the waste gas scrubbing process. Excess lye can always be used in rainwater = neutralization can be used. ~.

The furnace 71 can also be used for distillation, if one passes through a heat exchanger 92 suitable exhaust gas temperatures generated.

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Claims (1)

PROCESS FOR AUTONOMOUS WASTE RECYCLING, IN PARTICULAR IN RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES, AND DEVICES FOR IMPLEMENTING THESE Claims 1. Process for self-sufficient waste recovery, in particular in residential complexes, characterized in that Separated from sewage feces, washing liquor and urine separately. and that at least two of the following process steps are then carried out: the remaining wastewater is stored in root systems known per se processed into new drinking water with downstream technical disinfection devices; the washing liquor is neutralized in waste gas scrubbers copy of exhaust gases from heating and combined heat and power systems "used; the urine becomes without prior mixing with detergents and other poisons after disinfection as fertilizer liquid 5- speed used; the manure and / or wet garbage are dried and, after possible gas distillation with the optional addition of dry - incinerated waste; the process being carried out in such a way that, with the inclusion of energy saving and extraction measures, Greenhouses and rainwater use are fully self-sufficient with regard to water and with regard to energy and food supply Partial self-sufficiency is achieved. 1J> 2. Device, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a known dry toilet, which is modified to the effect that the feces falls through a closable opening, while liquids can be drained through a deeper drain. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized. ^ characterized in that the liquid drain can also be closed. 25th 4. Device, in particular for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a per se known hanging facade (31) äus /. preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic troughs (32) contains, for the uptake of plants, preferably for root space disposal (Fig. 3). 5. Device, in particular for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that that for solar water heating and waste drying in the upper part of an air-powered solar collector (53) a chamber for receiving the mass to be dried (48) is provided that in the return part EFO COPY the air flow, a heat exchanger (54) is provided in such a way that the air flowing around the lower part of the collector is heated, and in the upper part absorbs steam from the mass to be dried, which condenses in the heat exchanger (54) becomes (Fig. 5). ______ 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, da.durch gekennze ic.hnet that flaps (93) are provided that enable the formation of open air circuits. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized characterized in that by compression and ·, _ Throttling means a forced air flow with heat-15 pumping effect can be generated. 8. Device, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by vapor-permeable containers (67) for receiving the substance to be dried, which can be displaced like a paternoster are held in the facade in such a way that the vapors generated by environmental energy automatically migrate to the facade (31), where they condense and run down (Fig. 8).
25th 9. Device, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized __ d u r c h a tub (73) in the exhaust gases in intimate Contact with an alkali can be brought into contact with a 30 Cover (74) is covered, which has a coarse-grained coating (75) on its side protruding into the lye so that the exhaust gases bubble through between the grains of the coating (75) while displacing lye (Fig. 10). 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that by copy <m Subdivisions of the tub - lye and exhaust gases are guided in countercurrent ~. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that an exhaust pipe with has an absorbent inside view, with his - .. the upper end is used to hold the lye, which * is developed, that ~ ß ~~ the "'lye under complete benevolence the exhaust pipe slowly runs into the tub (73). 12. Device, in particular for carrying out the method, characterized by IJP ₁ - a combination of the devices according to claims 2 to 11 EPO COPY