DE202009014915U1 - Small sewage treatment plant with photocatalytic collector and domestic water system with such a small sewage treatment plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Domestic wastewater treatment plant (1) comprising a buffer storage (8) for non-filtered or coarsely filtered domestic waste water, characterized in that the wastewater treatment plant (1) comprises a photocatalytic collector (10), the photocatalytic collector (10) having one or more has several photocatalytically active coated surfaces on which the waste water flows past and thereby cleaned.

Description

The invention relates to a wastewater treatment plant for domestic wastewater, comprising a buffer for unfiltered or coarse filtered domestic sewage. The invention further relates to a domestic water system with such a small wastewater treatment plant.

Modern civilization brings with it a growing demand for isolated solutions for water supply and sanitation. This applies not only to special locations away from conurbations in industrialized countries, but also to developing countries, due to urbanization. H. the spread of urban life into rural areas. In particular for developing countries, away from the conurbations there, the creation of hygienic conditions must be promoted according to the current state of the art. But even in industrialized countries there is room for improvement in many areas.

The standalone solutions have to take on a small scale the water supply and the sanitation of utilities in urban areas. Such decentralized isolated solutions should work without being connected to a public water and sanitation system, and in particular without being connected to a public power grid.

The invention meets this challenge. Starting point is a small sewage treatment plant. Small wastewater treatment plants are sewage treatment plants that are designed for up to 50 population equivalents. They are usually used when it is not possible to connect to a municipal sewage treatment plant, for example, in single-family homes or farms or small settlements.

The object of the invention is to develop small wastewater treatment plants for use in island solutions such that the purified water is suitable for reuse in the home, for example, for garden irrigation, house cleaning and toilet flushing, optionally also the laundry.

This object is achieved with respect to the small sewage treatment plant with the features of claim 1 and with respect to the domestic water system with the features of claim 13. Advantageous embodiments and developments emerge from the respective dependent claims.

The domestic wastewater treatment plant according to the invention comprises a buffer storage for non-filtered or coarsely filtered domestic wastewater and a photocatalytic collector. This photocatalytic collector has one or more photocatalytically active coated surfaces on which wastewater flows past and is thereby cleaned.

The basic suitability of photocatalytically coated surfaces for wastewater treatment is known, for example, a TiO ₂ coating is considered. The advantage of using such coated surfaces in a collector in a small wastewater treatment plant lies in the direct applicability of the thereby purified wastewater in the water supply of the household. Furthermore, in the collector required for the action of the photocatalytically coated surface electromagnetic radiation, which is in particular solar radiation, provided in a suitable form. The electromagnetic radiation penetrates through transparent or at least partially transparent surfaces in the collector, the energy of the radiation ensures the effectiveness of the photocatalytic coating, which thereby cleans the passing wastewater. The radiation also heats the water flowing through the collector. The photocatalytic collector thus combines the functions of a conventional collector, the water heating, with the function of cleaning and thus treatment of wastewater, caused by its photocatalytically active coated surface, where the wastewater flows past.

There are various embodiments of the collector possible, which can also be combined with each other.

It can thus be provided that the photocatalytic collector comprises glass and / or plastic tubes, through which the wastewater flows and whose inner side forms the photocatalytically actively coated surface.

It can also be provided that the photocatalytic collector comprises at least one glass and / or plastic plate, which covers a pipe or channel system through which the waste water flows, the glass and / or plastic plate is part of the pipe or duct system, and wherein the tube or channel system facing inside of the glass and / or plastic plate forms the photocatalytically active coated surface.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the photocatalytic collector comprises a pipe or channel system through which the waste water flows, wherein the pipe or channel system glass or plastic balls and / or glass or plastic splitter has or is filled with these, which are the photocatalytically active form coated surface.

According to a development, the photocatalytic collector, for example in each of the aforementioned embodiments, mirror systems for bundling and / or concentration and / or channeling and / or steering incident radiation, in particular light or solar radiation. This significantly increases the efficiency of the collector.

Suitably, the modular structure of the photocatalytic collector of one or more collector modules, each having a support plate on which all other collector components are attached. Preferably, all required components of the collector are mounted on the carrier plate. This modular design allows the adaptation of the photocatalytic collector to different wastewater technical requirements as well as spatial conditions. Also transport and installation are facilitated. The proposed modular design is similar to the modular design of a conventional solar or photovoltaic system. Furthermore, due to the modular structure at any time, the cleaning performance of the photocatalytic collector can be adapted by appropriate extension to increased requirements. Also allows the modular design after a decommissioning of the collector or the small wastewater treatment plant, the reuse of the modules in the construction of another photocatalytic collector.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the small wastewater treatment plant additionally comprises at least one clean water tank, in particular a cold water tank and / or a hot water tank. As a result, purified water is available for domestic water supply even in times of lack of solar radiation, for example at night or on cloudy days. The volume of the clean water storage tank should be adapted to the respective needs of the household. It is also useful if at least a portion of the purified water is stored in a thermally insulated hot water tank. As a result, the heat energy supplied to the water in the collector can be used for the hot water supply. Particularly useful is the provision of a standard water storage in which the water cools, and a hot water tank, in which the water remains warm, as this at the consumption points by appropriate mixing, as is known from the conventional water supply, water in the desired temperature removed is to have to spend without additional heating energy.

A variant of the invention provides that the photocatalytic collector is arranged such that the flow of waste water through the photocatalytic collector is a free convection flow, caused by the heating of the coarsely filtered wastewater entering the collector by electromagnetic radiation incident into the photocatalytic collector , In particular light radiation (this is understood in addition to visible light and UV radiation and IR radiation), preferably solar radiation. The convection is caused by the lower density and thus the buoyancy of the warmer water, d. H. by gravity. This variant is completely without electrical energy, a connection to a public power grid is not required.

A further, alternative or additional variant provides that the wastewater treatment plant comprises at least one circulation pump, which is arranged such that the pump promotes the wastewater through the photocatalytic collector in operation. Conveniently, the small wastewater treatment plant in this case includes a photovoltaic system for powering the circulation pump, so that even in this case, the small wastewater treatment plant gets along without connection to a public grid and thus can work completely self-sufficient as island solution.

A development of the invention provides that the small wastewater treatment plant comprises a coarse filter unit which ensures that coarsely filtered wastewater is supplied to the photocatalytic collector. For example, the coarse filter unit can have one or more filter bags, for example jute sacks. The filter bags retain solids. By using different filter bag material, the desired maximum remaining particle size can be adjusted in the wastewater.

The coarse-particle filter unit can in principle be arranged upstream or downstream of the buffer tank, however, it is expedient to arrange it in front of the buffer tank, since otherwise falling solids bring about a large sediment accumulation in the buffer tank, and the sediment must be removed correspondingly frequently.

As a further component of the small wastewater treatment plant, a thermal composter may be provided for the rotting of solids. For example, the solids filtered off from the waste water with the coarse-particle filter unit can be supplied to this thermo-composter. The thermo-composter has a hot water heater. This is suitably designed such that it is flowed through by the photocatalytic collector in the purified and heated water, ie the hot water heater is connected to the return or water outlet of the photocatalytic collector, optionally via the already mentioned circulation pump, but also the aforementioned, from Collector outgoing convection flow can provide the required water flow through the hot water heater. This way will Excess waste heat from wastewater treatment in the collector used to accelerate the rotting process in the thermo-composter.

The aforementioned components of the small sewage treatment plant form the fluid components of the central components of a substantially closed water cycle. For example, the domestic wastewater is first fed to the coarse particle filter unit for separating the solids, which can then be fed to the thermo-composter together with the filter bags. After coarse filtration, the wastewater is fed to the buffer storage, for example a buffer tank. The importance of the buffer tank is to ensure a uniform flow of wastewater through the collector, so that it is independent of the actual wastewater seizure independent. Wastewater spills can be trapped in the buffer tank, and in times of low wastewater generation, the collector is fed from the stocks in the buffer tank. Downstream of the buffer memory is the photocatalytic collector, which is inclined and placed with optimized orientation as possible to the sun. Due to the convection circulation or gravity circulation in the collector or alternatively or additively by a circulation pump, the waste water is conveyed from the buffer storage into the collector and flows there past the photocatalytically actively coated surfaces and is there with appropriate sunlight due to the reactions taking place on the coated surface cleaned. The advantage of free convection flow is the automatic control of water flow through the collector. At relatively high solar radiation, the convection flow is large due to the relatively strong water heating, it flows a relatively larger amount of water per time of the photocatalytically active surface coating over. However, this is relatively more active due to the relatively large solar radiation and thus able to clean the larger amount of water flowing past. However, if the solar radiation is lower, the water heating and thus the convection flow is weaker, but in parallel also reduces the cleaning performance of the photocatalytically active surface, in accordance with the lower passing amount of water. If there is no more solar radiation, for example at night, the convection flow of the water through the collector comes to a standstill.

Also in the case of the circulation pump, it is possible to provide a regulation of the pump output, which leads to a water volume flow adapted to one of the respective radiation situation and the resulting cleaning action of the photocatalytically active surface.

The purified water is fed to one or more clean water reservoirs after flowing through the collector and optionally the circulation pump. On the way there, the purified and heated water can be guided at least in a partial flow through the hot water heater of the thermocomposter and emit heat energy there. In this case, the hot water heater of the thermocomposter is integrated into the water cycle. The one or more clean water storage tanks have the task of storing purified water in sufficient quantity for each connected consumer, so even at times when the collector does not work due to lack of solar radiation, for example, at night, sufficiently purified water for the water supply is available and at Demand can be obtained.

From the clean water storage, the wastewater is then supplied to water outlet points or points of consumption, where it can use a consumer, for example, for washing or toilet flushing. The resulting wastewater is then in turn fed to the coarse dirt filter unit and the buffer tank, whereby the cycle - except for withdrawn water at the Wasserauslassstellen or consumption points - is performed in a closed circuit.

The invention thus also relates to a domestic water system comprising a small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention. In this domestic water system, the water cycle is closed except for a possible withdrawal of water or water at one or more designated points of consumption in the domestic water system. Optionally, as already mentioned, heated and purified water can be stored from the photocatalytic collector in a hot water tank for use as hot water at designated points of use in the domestic water system.

The concrete implementation of the domestic water system offers two main alternatives:
The first alternative provides that an existing sanitary structure with integrated flushing toilet is modernized with the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention. In this case, there are also fecal matter and urine in the waste water collection line. These are fed to the coarse filter unit with the wastewater, where the solids are filtered out and can then be fed to the thermal composter.

In a second alternative either no sanitary structure is present or an existing sanitary structure can be suitably remodel. In this case, it is expedient to carry out the separation of substances directly at the time of the wastewater attack. For example, already known gravity toilets allow a separate discharge of faeces and urine. Solids can then be fed directly to the compost utilization, urine can be collected as mineral fertilizer and used agriculturally. Only gray water, ie waste water from the kitchen, personal care and washing, without fecal matter and urine, is supplied in this case, the wastewater treatment in the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention and treated in the manner already described. In contrast to the first alternative, however, the feces are already separated during the seizure and fed directly to composting. Urine and brown water, for example, from the toilet, is fed untreated to agricultural use. A key advantage is thus the significant reduction of organic pollution to be degraded wastewater flowing through the collector. In addition, this modern sanitary structure can significantly increase the acceptance of the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention with reuse of the purified wastewater in the water supply, since many people refuse the use of purified wastewater, which formerly contained faeces and urine. This problem is eliminated in the second alternative.

Generally, it should be noted that the term house or household above and below is very widely understood, it may well be a single water system or the common septic system for a unit of several households or houses, for example, for a smaller settlement.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with regard to further features and advantages with reference to the description of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

Show

1 An embodiment of a small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention, integrated into a domestic water system according to the invention,

2 a further embodiment of a small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention, integrated into a domestic water system according to the invention, and

3 Yet another embodiment of a small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention, integrated into a domestic water system according to the invention.

The embodiments of 1 to 3 build on each other, 2 represents an extension 1 represents, 3 an extension opposite 2 , Corresponding parts and components are in 1 to 3 provided with the same reference numerals. The components of the small wastewater treatment plant are each shown in solid lines, the components shown in dashed line illustrate the arrangement and function of the small wastewater treatment plant, down to the house 22 with his roof 12 They belong together with the small wastewater treatment plant to each illustrated embodiment of a domestic water system according to the invention.

The embodiment of a small wastewater treatment plant 1 according to 1 includes a coarse filter unit 2 with several filter bags 3 , symbolically two are shown. The domestic sewage, from the consumption points, in the figures through the water outlet 15 and the sink 5 are symbolized via a sewage collector 6 the coarse filter unit 2 fed. In this coarse filter unit 2 solids are filtered out of the wastewater. The desired filter effect, ie the transmitted particle size, can be adjusted by appropriate filter or filter material selection. It is also possible to connect a plurality of filters having the same and / or different filter characteristics one after the other in terms of flow.

After the coarse filter unit 2 is the roughly purified wastewater over the water pipe 7 a buffer memory 8th for the coarsely filtered wastewater. Through the buffer memory 8th can seize wastewater attack peaks, also stands, even if no wastewater, water from the buffer storage 8th available for the subsequent cleaning process. This is important for bridging sunless times of day.

Central cleaning device of the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention 1 is a photocatalytic collector 10 , the wastewater from the buffer tank 8th over the water pipe 9 is supplied. The collector 10 is on the roof 12 a house 22 mounted, in such a way that it optimally facing the sun or a suitable light source or radiation source. But it can also be mounted on a facade, or be independently set up independently of a building. The collector 10 has photocatalytically coated surfaces on which the wastewater flows past and is thereby cleaned. For this purpose, the solar radiation or the light radiation (this is understood in addition to visible light and UV radiation or infrared radiation) or generally the radiation supplied to the catalytically coated surfaces, for example, bundled and / or concentrated and / or guided by mirror systems. Appropriately, a pipe and / or channel system is formed in the collector, so that the largest possible catalytically coated surface can be formed. Also catalytically coated glass or plastic splinters or glass or plastic balls can be provided, which protrude into the tubes or channels or are given into this, thereby increasing the total effective surface area.

The catalyst 10 in 10 ensures even the required water flow, as due to the heating of the water with incident solar radiation in the collector convection creates a flow, the water from the buffer memory 8th through the collector 10 can flow through it, that is, the water flow is driven by the water heating by the shearing force, for example, according to the principle of a Thermosiphonanlage starting from the water.

After the collector 10 The now purified water flows over a water pipe 11 to a clean water storage 13 , This is to be understood only symbolically in the figures, it may also be multiple memory, such as a normal clean water storage as cold water storage and a thermally insulated water heater as a hot water tank for the storage of hot water. The stored clean water represents the water supply of the house 22 to disposal. This is symbolized in the figures by the water pipe 14 leading to the already mentioned water outlet 15 leads. Overall, the water cycle is thus up to withdrawals and supplies to consumption points, such as the water outlet 15 and the sink 5 , closed. The wastewater is cleaned and is then directly back to the house water supply available. The illustrated domestic water system with the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention 1 thus form a self-contained, self-contained island solution, which among other things contributes significantly to the water saving on site, which proves to be particularly advantageous in low-water regions.

In the embodiment according to 2 is the small wastewater treatment plant described above 1 supplemented by a circulation pump 16 in the water pipe 11 after the collector 10 is integrated and the wastewater from the buffer tank 8th through the collector 10 to the clean water tank 13 promotes. The circulation pump 16 is via electrical connection cables 18 with a photovoltaic system 17 connected, also on the roof 12 of the House 22 is arranged and the pump 16 supplied with the required for the operation of electrical energy. Thus, this small sewage treatment plant is 1 despite pump 16 self-sufficient, a connection to a public power grid is not required.

In the embodiment according to 3 is the small wastewater treatment plant described above 1 supplemented by a thermo-composter 19 for the rotting of solids 4 , These solids 4 can, as in 3 shown, from the coarse filter unit 2 come. In 3 it can be seen that the thermo-composter 19 a thermo-composter with heating support is, it gets from purified sewage from the clean water tank 13 flows through. This water is still relatively warm, due to the warming in the collector 10 , over the water pipe 20 the thermo-composter 19 supplied, flows through this in a closed pipe system, which is a hot water heater of the thermocomposter 19 represents, and is finally cooled again the clean water storage tank 13 fed, over the water pipe 21 , Of course, any other integration in the water cycle is possible, for example, directly into the water pipe 11 after the collector 10 , or a hot water withdrawal from a hot water tank and a return to a cold water tank. In this way, the heat of the water after flowing through the collector 10 for heating the thermocomposter 19 and thus for the accelerated decomposition of the solids 4 used.

The invention thus proposes a small wastewater treatment plant and a domestic water system, which represents a self-sufficient, isolated from external supply and disposal systems island solution for the water supply and disposal. This can be used to produce hygienic conditions in rural areas. Furthermore, the invention allows a significant water saving on site due to the water treatment. A connection to a public power grid is required as well as the connection to a public water supply and to a public sewer.

Furthermore, the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention and the domestic water system according to the invention due to the simple structure maintenance-free or at least low maintenance, the operation is possible even by unskilled personnel.

A modular design of the collector allows easy planning and adjustment of the collector to the respective circumstances. Furthermore, this considerably facilitates the installation of the system.

Finally, it should be noted that can be easily achieved with the small wastewater treatment plant according to the invention water temperatures of the purified waste water of at least 70 ° C. This is important to avoid re-contamination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

wastewater treatment plant

2

Coarse fuel filter

3

filter bag

4

solids

5

sink

6

Wastewater collection line

7

water pipe

8th

buffer memory

9

water pipe

10

Catalytic collector

11

water pipe

12

top, roof

13

Clean water tank

14

water pipe

15

water outlet

16

circulation pump

17

photovoltaic system

18

Electrical connection cables

19

Thermo composter

20

water pipe

21

water pipe

22

House

Claims (14)

Small wastewater treatment plant ( 1 ) for domestic wastewater, comprising a buffer storage ( 8th ) for non-filtered or coarsely filtered domestic sewage, characterized in that the small sewage treatment plant ( 1 ) a photocatalytic collector ( 10 ), wherein the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) has one or more photocatalytically active coated surfaces, where the waste water flows past and thereby cleaned. Small wastewater treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) Glass and / or plastic tubes through which the waste water flows and the inside of which forms the photocatalytically active coated surface. Small wastewater treatment plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) comprises at least one glass and / or plastic plate covering a pipe or channel system through which the waste water flows, wherein the glass and / or plastic plate is part of the pipe or channel system, and which facing the pipe or channel system Inside the glass and / or plastic plate forms the photocatalytically active coated surface. Small wastewater treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) comprises a pipe or channel system through which the waste water flows, wherein the pipe or channel system glass or plastic balls and / or glass or plastic splinters has or is filled with them, which form the photocatalytically active coated surface. Small wastewater treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) Comprises mirror systems for focusing and / or concentrating and / or channeling and / or directing incident radiation. Small wastewater treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) is modularly constructed from one or more collector modules, each having a support plate on which all other collector components are mounted. Small sewage treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the small sewage treatment plant ( 1 ) additionally at least one clean water storage tank ( 13 ), in particular a cold water storage tank and / or a hot water storage tank. Small wastewater treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) is arranged such that the flow of wastewater through the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) is a free convection flow, caused by the heating of the collector ( 10 ), coarsely filtered wastewater through into the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) incident electromagnetic radiation, in particular light radiation, preferably solar radiation. Small sewage treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the small sewage treatment plant ( 1 ) at least one circulation pump ( 16 ), which is arranged such that the pump ( 16 ) in operation, the waste water through the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) promotes. Small wastewater treatment plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the small wastewater treatment plant ( 1 ) a photovoltaic system ( 17 ) for supplying power to the circulation pump ( 16 ). Small sewage treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the small sewage treatment plant ( 1 ) a coarse filter unit ( 2 ), which ensures that the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) is supplied coarsely filtered wastewater. Small sewage treatment plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the small sewage treatment plant ( 10 ) a thermo-composter ( 19 ) for the rotting of solids ( 4 ), in particular of solids filtered out from the waste water, the thermo-composter ( 19 ) has a hot water heater, which in the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) is flowed through purified and heated water. Domestic water system comprising a small sewage treatment plant ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the water cycle, except for a possible withdrawal of water or introduction of water, is carried out at one or more points of consumption provided for this purpose ( 5 . 15 ) is closed in the domestic water system. Domestic water system according to Claim 13, in which heated, purified water from the photocatalytic collector ( 10 ) in a hot water storage tank ( 13 ) is stored for use as hot water at designated points of consumption ( 15 ) in the domestic water system.

Images