DE334003C - Process for the extraction of by-products from gases of fuels - Google Patents

Description

Process for the extraction of by-products from gases from fuels. r The extraction of by-products (tar and ammonia) from fuel gases happens either by the fact that the gases freed from the tar are washed out by water The ammonia is absorbed by the water and then distilled out again and is introduced into the acid bath, or else the gases are after the liberation washed out of the tar immediately by acid. Both methods have their disadvantages. The first requires a lot of heat and delivers large amounts of nuisance Sewage. The second lacks the absolutely reliable operational safety, and- In addition to special treatment of the so-called- fixed ammonia a high power requirement for the gas movement through the saturator.

These disadvantages are to be avoided by the invention, namely using the measure known per se that cooling and scrubbing of the gases happens with the own rainwater from the gases, in such a way that it in three partially overlapping cycles through the row of devices is passed through, and that subsets are removed from it in this way, the reach the final canalization in the saturator.

The new process is shown schematically in the drawing.

The hot distillation gas is in the cooler a by direct sprinkling with cooled ammonia water precipitated from the gas itself during cooling cooled down so far that an effective excretion of the tar and in that subsequent scrubber b, which is also operated with cooled ammonia water a good leaching of the ammonia can take place. Through a gas suction c the gas is sucked through the individual devices and pushed further. That at the Cooling the gases precipitated ammonia water and the tar are in a container d collected. Here a distinction is made due to the different specific weights the tar from the water. The tar is used by a pump e to rinse the furnace used and from there gets into a special container, from where it is repeated Separation of water and tar the loading of the tar can be done. The ammonium water from the container d is pressed through a cooler f, cooled here and back to the Cooling and washing of the gas in the cooler ca and nascher b used.

According to this, there is a circulation of the ammonia water between the collecting tank d, the cooler f and the gas cooler a in parallel with the washer b. A portion of the ammonia water enriched in the washer b is continuously or periodically withdrawn, which is therefore eliminated from the designated cycle and is distilled off in the distillation apparatus g in a known manner without the addition of lime. The ammonia vapors that form are processed into concentrated ammonia water or passed into an acid bath. Here the salt separates out in solid form and is drained by a lifter i in a known manner onto a drip tray k and, for the purpose of drying, into the centrifuge l, from which it is removed as a marketable product.

The water driven off in the still contains the Fixed ammonia, because only the volatile ammonia can be driven off by steam without the addition of lime is. This expelled, fixed ammonia-containing water is pumped zra brought to a graduation tower or a cooling tower n and cooled here, with a partial evaporation takes place. From here it can be done by means of the pump o two Take paths; either it gets into the washer b and from there back into the still g, which is to be regarded as a second cycle, or it is in the third circuit from the evaporative cooler za as a coolant to the liquid cooler f from which it is returned to the evaporative cooler. Through this constant circulation of the water over the evaporative cooler the content of fixed Ammonia always higher. To now the saturation level of this water does not have a certain To let the height come out, a part is continuously or periodically removed and, after it has been placed on the still for further heating The reflux condenser p has been passed through to the saturation bath. The ones in the satiety bath The acid that is present absorbs the fixed ammonia, while the water that is carried along here evaporates and as vapor with the withdrawing hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gases is derived ..

If part of the cooled water removed from the evaporative cooler is continuously or periodically added to the washer b by the pump o, it is advantageous to sprinkle the upper part of the washer with the water containing only fixed ammonia, while the lower part from circuit 1 also is still sprinkled with the remaining ammonia water. Chlorammonium can also be obtained in a marketable form from the water, which still contains fixed ammonia, by thickening (evaporation).

In the process described, the ammonia water is distilled only a small amount of steam required. The - water contained in the gas, the No additional water is added during the process, on the evaporative cooler mostly evaporated; the rest is fed to the saturation bath and here completely consumed, so that there is no annoying waste water. The cooling of the Gas takes place in a direct way, in addition to the great advantage of the better cooling effect nor the advantage of good tar and naphthalene elimination.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: Process for the extraction of by-products (tar, sulfuric acid ammonia and chlorammonium) from gases of fuels, characterized by three partially overlapping cycles of the ammonia water precipitating from the gases, which alone causes the cooling and washing of the gases, one of which is from the collecting tank of the ammonia water (d), the liquid cooler (f) and the parallel-connected to the gas cooler (a) scrubber (b), the second from the gas scrubber (b), the distillation unit (g) and the evaporative cooler (s), the third from the evaporative cooler ( n) and the liquid cooler (f) is determined, while part of the ammonia water is continuously or periodically removed from these circuits and fed to the reflux condenser (p) of the still, from where it, like the vapors of the latter; enters the saturator or is evaporated.