DE3333196A1 - Space limiting element - Google Patents

Abstract

Space limiting element (10), consisting of a frame (12), a multiple glazing (44) arranged in the frame (12), heat exchanger units (16, 18, 20) arranged on or in the frame (12), and a ventilation device (22) arranged in the frame (12), the frame (12) being designed as a multi-part, telescopically adjustable, partially foamed profile (26) which can be foamed for final fixing in the masonry (24), the heat exchanger units (16, 18, 20) are designed as latent heat accumulators (28) in the form of folding window shutters, shade devices and/or as latent heat accumulators (28) arranged in the ventilation shaft (30) of the ventilation device (22), and the ventilation shaft (30) of the ventilation device (22) extending from the lower part (34) of the frame (12) which forms the breast (32) to the upper part (38) of the frame (12) which receives the window (36). <IMAGE>

Description

393-18 / 24/83 | ^: "--- ''"' 3333196

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KRU / AGD September 13, 1983

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BATTELLE - INSTITUT E.V., Frankfurt am Main

Room delimitation element

The invention relates to a room delimitation element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Serve as space delimitation elements to the external environment in addition to the masonry, the windows of a room in general. A window is used for ventilation, lighting, for visual contact with the external environment and for heating the room when exposed to sunlight. While Significant progress in the improvement of the brickwork to save energy in recent times k-value were achieved, this was only limited in the case of the windows due to the function of the windows possible. Even the most modern windows with multiple glazing have a k-value of 1.4 to 2.4, whereas the k-value of a good boundary wall is around 0.3. That is, the energy savings achieved through the wall construction can only because of the window construction become conditionally effective.

0 Conventional window designs are generally relatively complex. So far it was necessary to use insulating material and a sealing material in the window frame to fit into the masonry. Thermal bridges were created between the frame and the masonry. glazing and shutters or the like had to be placed thereon in the frame. Such a month

days is. time consuming and expensive.

Reinforcement attempts have therefore been made recently undertaken to improve the known window constructions. This became some of the most common with Windows connected. Problems shifted to the central supply and disposal systems. So required z. B. a well-insulated window an effective ventilation system, which is then also used for cooling the Space must take care of.

About the radiation asymmetry in the cold season. It is customary to arrange radiators in the window niches, with the niches being conditioned by the Radiator surface temperatures, often cause increased heat loss and with most types of installation do not even prevent the formation of condensation on the windows or improve the visual appearance. It is still common for the o, g. Windows Air conditioners, gas convectors, ventilation rails and the like To install devices in the area of the window sill. In all of these solutions, the devices are from The design of the window is independent and only adaptation measures are carried out during installation.

Depending on the type of heating used, e.g. B. convection heating, underfloor heating, hot air heating, has that If there is a change in the thermal conditions in the room or the surrounding area, the heating system has a structural, 0 control technology and heating system-related inertia, so that no optimal adaptation to the thermal conditions is possible in the room, d. H. energy is often wasted.

It has therefore been proposed, in order to achieve better controllability of the individual rooms, a multiple

to use the component heating system and partially decentralize the components. Such a multi-component heating system consists e.g. B. from underfloor heating and a separately arranged air heating controlled by the thermal conditions in a room. The relatively sluggish underfloor heating takes over
at the same time, a certain basic heating of the room and the air heating that can be quickly adapted to the room conditions
takes over the residual warming.

Various constructions for solving the problems described above are e.g. B. from DE-OS 3 137
336, DE-PS 2 721 467, DE-PS 2 758 536 and DE-OS 3 037 646 are known.

For example, DE-OS 1 137 336 describes a wall or window element with variable heat transfer, which has an outer and an inner shell or an outer and inner pane, which are arranged at a distance from one another. The outer shell and / or the outer window has one or more air inlet openings in the lower area and one or more air outlet openings in the upper area. The inlet and / or outlet openings are flap-like or louvre-like
Assigned elements for the optional setting or changing the size of the air inlet and / or air outlet openings.

Those arranged between the inner and outer shell

0 blind elements are used to store solar heat.

With this wall or window element, the thermal resistance is improved compared to a normal window during the day in the case of solar radiation, but no possibility is provided to improve ^{the thermal resistance also at night i.}

From DE-PS 2 75 8 53 6 is a folding shutter for Residential houses known, which on the rear side in the unfolded state a heat-insulating coating and on the front side a solar collector in the form of liquid-flowed through, which can be exposed to solar radiation Has channels that have movable connections with a permanently installed pipeline system are connected.

This known system makes it possible to improve the thermal resistance of the window at night but a heat storage unit located centrally in the house.

DE-PS 2 721 467 describes a prefabricated facade element with a heating element arranged on the inside, a solar collector arranged on the outside, a heat accumulator with first connecting pipes to form a first heat transfer circuit between the solar collector and the heat accumulator and with two connecting pipes to form a second heat transfer circuit between the heat accumulator and the radiator.

This space delimitation element does not need any central storage unit, but does not see any measure to improve the thermal resistance of the window and for suitable ventilation of the room.

Finally, DE-OS 3 037 646 shows a window element with a frame, multiple glazing arranged in the frame, on or in the frame arranged heat exchanger units, as well as a ventilation device arranged in the frame.

This window element does not show any measures for improvement

tion of the thermal resistance of the window is still one There is a possibility of decentralized storage of the heat generated by the solar radiation.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an easily mountable space delimitation element of the initially mentioned to create the type mentioned, with which an optimal adaptation of the heat resistance to the in the room and to the conditions prevailing in the external environment is possible.

This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1.

Advantageous refinements of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

So the profile of the upper horizontal part of the Frame facilities to accommodate the window glazing 0 solution, a guideway for sun protection between the window glazing and an air distribution duct.

Through this training the assembly, if necessary the pre-assembly of the room delimitation element is essential facilitated, with the arrangement of the air distribution duct in the frame additional installations for the ventilation can be omitted.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the profile of the lower horizontal part of the frame a parapet element extending vertically upwards approximately in the middle of the frame with a much smaller depth than the frame, as well as flanges arranged on the lower part of the parapet element Has definition of the frame on the masonry.

This profile construction enables the inclusion of part of the ventilation and heating or cooling devices and the simple design of a ventilation channel.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the profile of the vertical parts of the Frame facilities for receiving the window glazing, facilities for receiving the sun protection, as well as Facilities to accommodate the ventilation shaft and Have radiators.

These profile constructions also contribute in an advantageous manner to an integral construction of the space delimiting element at.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the part connected to the masonry of the vertical parts of the frame with the part of the vertical parts of the 0 frame is connected by means of an adjustable screw connection.

This configuration ensures simple assembly of the space delimiting element, with tolerances can be compensated in the masonry in a simple way without the risk of the formation of thermal bridges. The arrangement of similar connections in the horizontal parts of the frame is easy if necessary possible.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the latent heat accumulators are good as a cell structure thermally conductive material formed with a latent heat storage means arranged in the cells.

This configuration enables a uniform working

wise of latent heat storage, since a uniform one Heat transfer is guaranteed due to the cell structure.

It is further provided that the ratio of the depth (1) to the diameter (d) of the cells is less than 1.

This dimensioning of the cells also contributes to the uniform operation of the latent heat storage, because due to this dimensioning, the individual cells respond quickly to thermal changes in the environment.

The cells can have a round or polygonal cross-section. In this way it is possible to each to use suitable available cell structure for the formation of the latent heat storage.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the latent heat storage means consists of a paraffin with a melting point between 30 ^° C. and 60 ^° C. or of other materials.

These substances are cheap and generally available in sufficient quantities.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the window shutter heat exchanger units or shading device heat exchanger units formed latent heat storage with a 0 one side of the cell structure arranged insulation, and with one on the other side of the cell structure arranged IR radiation rectifier provided, whereby between the IR radiation rectifier and the Cell structure an intermediate layer that conducts heat well and a poorly thermally conductive intermediate layer is provided between the cell structure and the insulation.

This construction ensures sufficient rigidity of the folding shutters when they are opened State absorb the heat through solar radiation and, when closed, towards the interior release, whereby heat losses to the outside are largely avoided.

It is also advantageous to use the IR radiation rectifier to be designed as a pane of glass or as a plastic profile.

These materials are also generally available in sufficient quantities are available cheaply and are well suited for IR radiation rectifiers.

It is also provided that the shuttered or. heat exchanger units designed as shading elements essentially sealing the window, are positively pivoted into the outer part of the frame.

This arrangement prevents the formation of intense convection between the closed shutters or shutters. Shading elements, which accelerates the desired heat dissipation of the latent heat storage inwards would.

The fact that in front of the parapet element of the lower horizontal Part of the frame for the formation of the ventilation shaft in the plane of the window glazing an IR radiation rectifier is provided, on the lower edge of which an air inlet opening is formed, is advantageously a greenhouse effect for the Ventilation shaft and the latent heat accumulator arranged in it for generating a convection flow the ventilation air achieved.

In the event that forced ventilation of the room is required when no convection flow is established can be (cooling) is provided in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the upper Part of the ventilation shaft of the parapet element Provide a fan for supplying the air to the ventilation shafts in the vertical parts of the frame marry.

Finally, in the ventilation ducts in the vertical parts of the frame air filter can be provided to take advantage of high air pollution to ensure good ventilation of the room.

According to the invention, the space delimitation element is designed so that thereby the heating, ventilation and the conversion of the ambient energy affecting the room can achieve optimal values and effects by regulating the element. This decentralized solution of the temporary 0 thermal supply and ventilation reduces the peak performance of the central heating system and thus its Design size, allows within the building a effective heat displacement as well as heat storage and makes a central ventilation system with full retention the original window functions are superfluous. By means of these properties, investment and operating costs are reduced and the air quality in the room is improved.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a perspective schematic view of the Arrangement of the room delimitation element on a

Space;

Fig. 2 is a perspective schematic view of the

Frame of the space delimitation element of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view of the side vertical portion of the frame of Figure 2;

4 shows a sectional view of the structure of the latent heat accumulator for the folding shutters or shading elements;
10

Fig. 5 a) a sectional view of an embodiment a plastic IR rectifier;

b) a top view of the IR rectifier of FIG. 5 a;

Fig. 6 possible embodiment of the cell structure of the a) - B) latent heat storage;

0 Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a built-in space

delimiting element along the plane of the vertical parts of the frame of Fig. 2; and

8 shows a sectional view of the space delimiting element along a vertical median plane of the frame

of Fig. 2.

In Fig. 1, a room delimitation element 10 is shown, which is arranged on the outside of a room 96. 0 "The room delimitation element 10 comprises a frame 12, consisting of of two vertical parts 58, and an upper horizontal part 40 and a lower horizontal part 52.

The frame 10 forms a part 38 for receiving a window 36 and a lower part 38 for creating a

Parapet 32 from (see Fig. 2). The frame 10 is in suitably arranged in the masonry 24 of a building.

On or in the frame 10, which is designed as a plastic profile is formed, are heat exchanger units 16, 18, 91, 95, 20, the glazing 44 for the window 36, and one Ventilation device 22 arranged. The parapet 32 has suitable openings 98, 100, 102 for arrangement of the heat exchanger element 2 0 and the ventilation device 22 on. The parapet 32 has a much smaller depth than the vertical parts 5 8 of the frame 12 and extends over the entire lower frame width, with on the front and the back of the Frame 12 corresponding recesses are formed.

Fig. 2 shows a horizontal sectional view of a vertical part 5 8 of the frame 12. The vertical parts 58 consist of two clip-in, formed as a plastic profile parts 64, 66 , when the parts 64, 66 are in engagement, a relative movement of the two parts 64, 66 towards or away from one another is possible.

The part 64 assigned to the masonry 24 comprises two side surfaces 104, 106 which are arranged parallel to one another and which are connected to one another by a stepped web 108. The web 108 and the partial sections of the side surfaces 104, 106 facing the masonry 24 form a cavity 110 which is filled with a suitable insulating material. Two fastening elements 112, for. B. arranged screws with which the part 64 is attached to the masonry 2 4. To make a good connection between the insulation and the masonry 24 are

the fastening elements 112 are provided with press washers 114, when tightening the fastening elements 11 2 Press the insulation against the masonry 2 4 - There are tabs on the free end edges of the side surfaces 104, 106 114, 116 for engaging the window associated with the window Part 6 6 provided.

The part 66 assigned to the window likewise has two parallel side surfaces 118, 120 with one in between arranged web element 122. On the brickwork 24 facing part of the cavity 124 formed by means of the web element 122 is an insulating layer, for. B. by means of foaming arranged. The web member 122 is set off several times to form devices 60, 62, e.g. chambers, and has suitable reinforcements for attaching the window glazing 44. Double or multiple glazing can be provided be. In the illustrated embodiment, triple glazing is provided.

The chamber 60 formed on the front side of the frame 12 between the two outer glass panes is used for Incorporation of sun protection 48, ζ. B. in the form of a Lamellar curtain. The chamber 62 formed on the rear side is used to form or accommodate the ventilation s chess 3 0.

The upper horizontal frame element 40 can also be designed as a two-part or one-part profile be. In the embodiment shown (see FIG. 7), the upper part 40 of the frame 12 is through Foam set with insulating material on the masonry 24 and fastened with suitable fasteners. On the side facing the window 36, it has devices 42 for fastening the window glazing 44, a guide track 46 for the sun protection 48 and

possibly on the inside of the room guide rails 124 for curtains. A cover 126 can also be used for the air outlet opening 128 of the ventilation device 22 may be provided, the noise of the ventilation device 22, or that of attenuates airborne noise.

The horizontal, lower part 52 of the frame 12 is on attached to the masonry 24 in the same way as the upper part 40.

In order to compensate for indispensable tolerances, a two-part frame 12, the part 64 assigned to the masonry 24 is first attached to the masonry 24. On it will the part 66 of the frame 12 assigned in the window with its side surfaces 118, 120 into the corresponding side surfaces 104, 106 of the other part 64 clipped in. The screw connection 68 is then in the form of adjusting screws 130, 132 for the 0 part 66 assigned to the window from the outside with corresponding adjustment threads 134, 136 of the fasteners 112 for the masonry 2 4 associated part 64 brought into engagement, and the part 66 associated with the window in a suitable manner aligned and set. Then the gap 138 between the two profiles is made with a suitable Insulating material, e.g. B. polyurethane, foamed. Of the Frame 12 is in this way even with larger tolerances securely fixed in the masonry 24 without the formation of thermal or sound bridges and has an adequate K-width

On the outside of the frame 12 are heat exchanger units 116, 118, 120 in the form of shutters and a Shade element is provided which is pivotable on the Frame 12 are arranged so that they are received in a sealing manner by the frame 12 in the closed state.

The inner surfaces of the shutters are as close as possible close to the window glazing 44 and the inner surface of the

Shading element as close as possible to the cladding the parapet 32.

4 shows the structure of the shutter or shading element trained heat exchanger shown in section. Such a heat exchanger or Latent heat storage 28 is constructed like a sandwich and comprises a cell structure 7 0 as the core element Receipt of a latent heat storage means 74. The cell structure 70 (see Fig. 6 a-d) can be made of honeycomb-shaped, diamond-shaped, square or round Cells 7 2 are made of a material that conducts heat well. Such cell structures 7 0 are known. In order to ensure that the latent heat accumulator 28 works as uniformly as possible ", the ratio of the depth (1) to the diameter (d) of the cells 72 should be less than 1. The cells 72 are covered with two layers 80, 82 on the front and the back, with the front layer 0 80 made of a material with good thermal conductivity and the rear layer 82 made of a material with poor thermal conductivity consists. An insulation 7 6 of suitable thickness closes on the rear side. On the front side is an IR radiation rectifier 78 made of glass or plastic on the highly thermally conductive layer 80 arranged. A corresponding IR radiation rectifier 78 made of plastic can, for example, be the one shown in FIGS. 5 a, b have the shape shown, with corresponding spacer elements 142 being attached on its rear side are arranged. The IR radiation rectifier 78 or 86 causes a so-called in the latent heat storage 28 Greenhouse effect. This becomes the latent heat storage agent 74 such as a paraffin having a melting point 35

between 3o C and 6o C or sodium acetate

uniformly melted, taking up heat, and heated if necessary.

The latent heat accumulator designed as a shading element 18 28 provides shade for the room below and reflects visible light into the space 96 assigned to it, the heat component of the solar radiation being absorbed in it.

The cover plate assigned to the shading element 18 of the frame 12 is also used as an IR radiation rectifier 86 and is used to create a ventilation shaft 30 in the area of the parapet 32, which is part of the ventilation device described below 22 represents.

If the shutter 16, 18 or, the shading element

2 0 are arranged in the closed state in the frame 12, the normally on the room delimitation element 10 is before-0 existing heat flow directed outwards from space 96 is canceled or due to the warmed-up latent heat accumulator 28 reversed, so that the heat losses of the space 96 at the space delimiting element 10 are almost zero.

To ensure adequate ventilation of room 96, is below the IR radiation rectifier 86, d. H. the cover plate of the breast element 5 4 a Air inlet opening 90 to the one formed by means of the cover plate 86 and the vertical parapet element 54 0 ventilation shaft 3 0 provided. In the ventilation shaft

3 0 a further latent heat storage 2 0 is arranged. At the top of the parapet element 54 is a fan 92 arranged its outlet into the vertical ventilation ducts 30 of the vertical parts 58 of the frame 12 opens. The upper outlets of the vertical ventilation ducts 3 0 correspond to those in the upper horizontal part 40

of the frame 12 arranged air distribution duct 5 0 connected. The one entering through the air inlet opening 90 at the lower edge 88 of the IR radiation rectifier 86 When the shading element 18 is open, air arrives if the latent heat storage device is suitably heated 28 by means of convection through the vertical ventilation ducts 30 into the space 96 to be ventilated, wherein at the same time the space 96 is heated.

Is under appropriate temperature conditions, ζ. B. during at night, the latent heat storage means 7 4 solidifies, and becomes a relatively high temperature during the day reached, the shading element 18 can be closed remain and a forced flow can be achieved by means of the fan 92, the entering from the outside warm air gives off its heat to the heat storage means 7 4 in the shading element 18 and in the ventilation duct 30, the air supplied to the room to be ventilated 0 96 is cooled.

In the vertical ventilation duct 30 is an air filter 94 arranged so that a dust-free ventilation even with a relative pollution of the outside air of room 96 is possible. A reheater 95 is installed in the airway to compensate for the heat supply.

In order to ensure the radiation symmetry in room 96, im A radiant heater 91 is arranged in the frame 12 in the room side of the window parapet 34. '

The regulation of the room delimitation elements Io and their effect is carried out by a comfort sensor 99 ...
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Claims (16)

KRU / AGD September 13, 1983 BATTELLE - INSTITUT E.V .. Frankfurt am Main room delimitation element patent claims 1. Space delimitation element (10), consisting of a frame (12), one arranged in the frame (12) Multiple glazing (44), on or in the frame (12) arranged heat exchanger units (16, 18, 2 0), as well as a ventilation device arranged in the frame (12) (22), characterized in that the frame (12) is a multi-part, for the final fixing in the masonry (24) foamable, telescopically adjustable, partially foamed profile (26) is formed so that the heat exchanger units (16, 18, 20) as latent heat storage (28) in the form of window shutters, shading devices and / or as a latent heat store arranged in the ventilation duct (30) of the ventilation device (22) (28) are formed, and that the ventilation shaft (30) of the ventilation device (22) from the lower, the parapet (32) forming part (34) of the Frame (12) up to the top, the window (3 6) receiving Part (38) of the frame (12) extends. 5 2. Space delimitation element according to claim 1, characterized gekennz ei chnet that the profile of the upper horizontal part (40) of the frame (12) Devices (42) for receiving the window glazing (44), a guide track (46) for sun protection (48) between the window glazing (44) and an air distribution channel (5 0). 3. Space delimitation element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the profile the lower horizontal part (52) of the frame (12) is located approximately in the middle of the frame (12) vertically upwardly extending breast element (5 4) with a much smaller depth than the frame (12), as well as on the lower part of the breast element (54) Has flanges (56) for fixing the frame (12) on the masonry (24). 4. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the profile of the vertical parts (58) of the frame (12) Devices (42) for receiving the window glazing (44), devices (60) for receiving the sun protection (48) and devices (62) for receiving 0 of the ventilation shaft (3 0). 5. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the part (64) connected to the masonry (24) of the vertical Parts of the frame (12) with the part (66) connected to the window glazing (44) of the vertical and lintel parts (58) of the frame (12) by means of a adjustable screw connection (68) is connected. 6. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Latent heat storage means (28) are designed as a cell structure (70) made of a material that conducts heat well with a latent heat storage means (74) arranged in the cells (72).
10 7. Space delimitation element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ei chnet Ratio of the depth (1) to the diameter (d) of the cell (72) is less than 1.
15th 8. Space delimitation element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the Cells (72) have a round or polygonal cross-section exhibit.
20th 9. Space delimitation element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the Latent heat storage means (7 4) made of a paraffin with a melting point between 30 ⁰ C and 60 ⁰ C exists. 25th 10. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the latent heat storage means (7 4) made of a material with a melting point between 20 ° C and 25 ° C. 30th 11. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the window shutter heat exchanger units (16) or Shading device heat exchanger units (18) formed latent heat storage (28) further on one side of the cell structure (7 0) iso- lation (76), as well as an IR radiation rectifier arranged on the other side of the cell structure (7 0) (78) have / wherein between the IR radiation rectifier (78) and the cell structure (7 0) an intermediate layer (80) with good thermal conductivity and a poorly thermally conductive intermediate layer (82) between the cell structure (7 0) and the insulation (76) is provided. 12. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the IR radiation rectifier (78) as a pane of glass or is designed as a plastic profile (84). 13. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the shutter or B es chatt ungs elements heat exchanger units formed latent heat storage (28) essentially form-fitting the window (36) can be pivoted into the outer part of the frame (12) in a sealing manner. 14. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that in front of the ventilation element (54) of the lower horizontal Part (52) of the frame (12) for forming the ventilation shaft (3 0) in the plane of the window glazing (44) a. IR radiation rectifier (86) is provided, on the lower edge (88) of which an air inlet opening (90) is formed. 15. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 14, marked by the fact that im upper part of the ventilation shaft (3 0) of the parapet element (5 4) a fan (92) for supplying the air to the ventilation ducts (3 0) in the vertical Parts (58) of the frame (12) and a reheater (95) is provided. 16. Space delimitation element according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the ventilation shafts (3 0) in the vertical parts (58) of the frame (12) air filter (94) are provided.