DE3326879C2 - Biogas reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

Biogas reactor filled with active biomass, the housing of which is closed at the top by at least one conical or prismatic double funnel. The double funnel consists of two nested, identically shaped single funnels, of which only the outer funnel has a narrow opening at the top, while the inner funnel is closed at the top and serves as a gas collecting space. The space between the two funnels serves to convey the gases rising from the gas suspension to the next double funnel, of which at least two are arranged at a distance from one another in the reactor housing.

Description

20th

25th

characterized,

- That the two funnels (2, 3) each forming a double funnel are of the same shape and one inside the other are arranged

- that the inner funnel (3) is closed at the top and thus the gas collecting space (7),

- And that in the housing (1) at least two double funnels at a distance one above the other are arranged.

2. Biogas reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two prism-shaped Double funnels are arranged one above the other (Fig. 2).

3. Biogas reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edges (9) of the outer funnel (2) are so far preferred over those of the inner funnel (3) that the full Filling of the gas collecting space (7) over the edges

(8) of the inner funnel (3) overflowing gases are collected by the outer funnel (2) and through the space (10) between the two funnels up to an open pipe outlet (11) are directed.

4. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to

3, characterized in that the pipe outlet (11) of the outer funnel (2) is designed in such a way that the gases flowing out of it into the gas collecting space of the double funnel arranged above reach.

5. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to

4, characterized in that the double funnels are carried by a tube (42 in Fig. 6) which in has openings (43) in the radial direction and in the axial direction at the apex of each inner funnel (44) is closed, and that at least one opening (45) in the gas collecting space (7) and one opening (43) is present in the funnel gap (10).

6. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to

5, characterized in that through the inner wall of the biogas reactor housing (1) and through the Outer wall of each outer funnel (2) a gas bubble-poor sedimentation space (13) is formed in which the active biomass sludge particles can sediment.

7. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to

6, characterized in that between the inner wall of the biogas reactor housing (1) and the edge

(9) of the outer funnel (2) such a gap opening

(14) it is provided that the sludge particles deposited in the sedimentation space (13) pass through this gap opening get into the room below.

8. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to

7, characterized in that close below dsr Slit opening (14) on the inner wall of the housing, a guide ring (15) is provided, which is extracted from the fermentation suspension prevents rising gas bubbles (5) from entering the gap opening (14) and in the direction of the associated double funnel.

9. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to

8, characterized in that in biogas reactors with several double funnels arranged one above the other, openings (47) of lines are provided in some of these double funnels in the gas collecting chambers, which allow the discharge of gas quantities (FIG. A).

10. Biogas reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that in the the removal of gas quantities Enabling lines throttle members (37) are provided, which the outflowing gas flow limit so that it is less than the amount of gas actually generated.

11. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that with biogas reactors with several arranged one above the other Double aft is the mutual spacing of the double funnels with a higher volume-related gas formation rate is smaller than with a low gas formation rate (Fig. 4).

12. Biogas reactor according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the sedimentation spaces Bottoms (41 in F i g. 5) are provided for gas and gas flowing upwards from below Liquids are permeable, but the sedimented sludge particles at the passage down prevent.

The invention relates to a biogas reactor, the housing of which is completely or partially filled with active biomass and is closed at the top by at least one double funnel - the one made of two in their dimensions consists of different funnels, which are aligned with a vertical axis and are arranged in relation to one another, that there is a free flow channel in the space between the two - and the one below a wide one Opening for the interior of the funnel to collect the gases rising from the fermentation suspension and above has a narrow opening for discharging the collected gases.

Such a biogas reactor is known from DE-OS 20,978.

The said funnel arrangement is arranged in the upper region of the reaction space. That in lower Areas of the reactor formed gas rises and is collected in funnel-shaped spaces and derived from there for further recycling.

Above and next to the funnels, there is an area largely free of gas, which is favorable as a result Conditions for the sedimentation of the biomass transported upwards exist. The sedimented Due to the higher specific weight, biomass flows through openings arranged between the funnels back down into the reaction chamber. The remaining liquid, which contains little biomass

3 4

speed is withdrawn from the reactor. several next to and above each other arranged prism

The working of the principle of this reactor, anma-shaped funnel.

enrichment of active biomass by sedimentation, Fig.3 a biogas reactor housing with 3 on top of each other implies on the one hand the existence of sedimentiei ending sludge-arranged conical double funnels; mes ahead, on the other hand the amount of the final pro 5 F i g. 4 a biogas reactor housing with, for example, 7 duct-formed biogases (CH ₄ and CO ₂ ) do not exceed a certain cone-shaped double dimension arranged one above the other, otherwise the separation performance funnels and with several only a few double funnels of the arrangement is no longer sufficient and active biomas-associated gas Discharge lines -with throttle valves despite the best sedimentation properties from the oil;

Reaction system is discharged. This results in io Fig.5 a biogas reactor housing with the individual

there are certain limitations for the technical training of soils assigned to double hoppers:

of the reactor and for the substrate concentration: F i g. 6 a tried and tested version.

The in F i g. 1 shown in a biogas reactor

1. Since with increasing height of the reactor the - housing 1 arranged conical according to the invention based on the base area of the reactor - per 15 double funnel consists of an outer funnel 2 and reduced gas volume increases, the reactor height is an inner funnel 3, which is not shown in the above To date, reactors are only known to be fixedly arranged in the cylindrical housing 1 up to a total height of 6.5 m. The housing 1 contains biomass, from the very large reaction volumes this one adds gas bubbles 5 to the free surface 6 restriction as a result of the fermentation a large space requirement which just rise above which this rising in the form of bubbles in the food industry or in the phar - Biogas is not always present in a gas space in the pharmaceutical industry that is closed at the top 7 of the inner funnel 3 is collected. This gas-Im takes rest at magnification of reactogenicity space 7 can be rotationally symmetrical as a cone or ren against heat loss larger to insulating the upper reactor units as an elongated surface opposite compact arrangements stronger 25 triangular prism (also in several rows arranged ^to; see F. i g. 2) be shaped. The gas space 7 runs when

2. The fermentation of extremely heavily loaded sub- he is full, at edges 8 over; there it will overflow- ■ straten (example whey: BOD = 60,000 mg / 1) is the gas from the protruding edges 9 of the outer

According to my own experience, trapped in reactors of the funnel 2 and in the free intermediate name Art only possible to a limited extent. The space 10 between the two funnels 2 and 3 follows Sufficient high gas production rates also lead to an exit opening above. On them comparatively low reactor heights for the se way becomes an overlying low-turbulence Discharge of active microbial mass and thus collapse to the room with favorable sedimentation conditions of sales history. testifies

35 The from the outlet opening (pipe outlet 11)

Accordingly, the invention is based on the object increasing gas bubbles are in the gas space of the darde, a biogas reactor of the type mentioned above, collected via arranged double funnel and however, to create a greater overall height, which is also forwarded in a corresponding manner when arriving from there in the case of large amounts of gas.

sedimentation of the biomass allowed. 40 sludge particles carried away, which, however, after the

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the gas bubbles emerge from the pipe outlet 11 into a

through the inner wall of the housing 1 and through the

- That the two each form a double funnel- the space formed by the outer wall of the outer funnel 2, the funnel of the same shape and one inside the other- sedimentation space 13, sink back and there are sedimented, ₄₅ mented.

- That the inner funnel is closed at the top and thus the over the forming in the sedimentation space 13 Gas collecting space is, shitty sludge can be on the edges 9 of the outer

- and that in the housing at least two double hopper 2 into the underlying space to drain funnel over one another at a distance angeord- Clogging of these annular gap opening ^{are net} - 50 14 need not be feared, because the mud movement

through a rectified flow of the sediment

This solution can support 13 medium to be fermented tationsraum

will. This liquid flow, which is circulated there,

a) Biogas reactors are created, the extreme mung is raised by the inside of the double funnel Allow gas loads without a 55 rising gas bubbles being driven. Close below the ^ Discharge of active biomass is to be feared, gap opening 14 is a guide on the inner wall of the housing

b; Biogas reactors any great height advertising built ring 15 is provided, the rising gas bubbles prevents ^the · from entering the gap 14 and opening in the direction

^. ... _ twig to the gas collecting space 7 of the associated in-

The two funnels 60 forming a double funnel nentrichtes 3 conducts

enclose the same angle. In the case of the in FIG. The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 are the like

Appropriate configurations of the biogas reactor in FIG. 1 each from an inner channel closed at the top

according to claim 1 contain the subclaims. ter and one with an exit opening 18 at the top open

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the double funnel 16 existing outer funnel are shown in

f.ndungdargestelt It shows ₆₅ ma-shaped and in a housing 17 to

Fig. 1 a conical double according to the invention several side by side and at a distance one above the other

pelting funnel for itself in an oil gas reactor housing; who housed. As with fig. 2 exist between

F1 g. 2 a funnel training according to the invention with see the wall of the housing 17 or the outer wall

the adjacent double funnel and the outer walls of the outer funnel sedimentation chambers 19 and 20, respectively, which are connected to the rooms above via stomata 21 and 22 and the sinking allow the sedimented sludge particles. Corresponding to the prism design of the double funnel are provided below the edges of the outer funnel guide strips 23 and 24, the rising gas bubbles 25 prevent entry into the stomata 21, 22 and in the direction of the gas plenums 26 of the associated Guide inner hopper.

Another embodiment according to the invention is shown in FIG. Here are in a cylindrical shape Housing 27 spaced from one another, for example 3 conical double funnels 28 arranged one above the other. A substrate inlet 29 is provided on the lower part of the housing 27 and a substrate outlet 29 is provided on the upper part 30. The resulting gases, e.g. B. CH4, CO2, are through an opening 31 in the cover 32 of the housing discharged. A large part of the gas created in the "sludge bed" below is already through the lowest double funnel collected directly at the point of origin. Collect the elements above Gas generated by microorganisms suspended in the fermentation suspension. This is how it arises through the sedimentation spaces 34 a relatively large low-turbulence area, so that the Sedimentation of active biomass and thus the retention capacity of the reactor for microorganisms is essential improved compared to the previous arrangement. This also makes an operation with microorganisms be possible, whose sedimentation properties are no longer possible in the conventional »uplofw« arrangement would be enough.

For relatively highly concentrated substrates (COD> 30,000 mg / 1), large when extended Gas production rates occur, an even denser arrangement of the aeration elements (high-performance reactor) according to FIG. 4 makes sense.

A certain stirring effect (mammoth pump effect) emanates from each individual element 36, which leads to a very even supply of the microorganisms involved and counteracts excessive sedimentation. smaller amount of gas than is actually generated) are discharged to the outside via a throttle element 37 each in different stages. The gas flow through the throttle device can also be regulated. Here, the free liquid surface is scanned by a liquid level sensor.When the liquid surface rises, the gas flow is reduced so that the liquid surface is regulated at a level so that the inner funnel 48 no longer overflows and a gas discharge line 40 for e.g. B. CH ₄ , CO ₂ provided.

in cases where the active microorganisms have a high tendency to sediment (anaerobic Sludge) is to be expected, is the introduction of false floors 41 indicated, on which the sludge is held in each individual stage (see FIG. F i g. 5). the Intermediate floors are designed in such a way that gases and liquids flowing from the bottom to the top are allowed through but the sedimenting sludge particles are prevented from passing downwards. This arrangement should also be useful for very high construction heights, since in this case a more even distribution the active sludge can be guaranteed over the reactor height.

As an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 6 shows a laboratory system. A cylindrical housing 49 has a Inner diameter of 150 mm. The 5 double funnels are on a continuous tube 42 with 20 mm Diameter arranged one above the other at a distance of 500 mm. The pipe is at the apex of the inner funnel 44 closed in the axial direction. The funnel gap 46 leads to radial inlet openings 43 in the Tube 42. Radial outlet openings 45 in the tube are located in the area of a gas collection space 50 of the inner funnel.

The liquid to be fermented is in the lowest part of the tube fed 51; the distribution takes place via radial openings 52 below a closure 53. The liquid is discharged at 55, the gas leaves the apparatus at the reactor head at 56.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Biogas reactor, the housing of which is completely or partially filled with active biomass and through the top at least one double funnel is completed, - the one of two different in their dimensions There are funnels that are aligned with a vertical axis and so arranged to one another are that there is a free flow channel in the space between the two - and the one below has a wide opening for the interior of the funnel to collect the gases rising from the fermentation suspension and a narrow opening at the top to discharge the collected gases Has gases,