DE332297C - Process for the decomposition of alkali cyanide solutions - Google Patents

Process for the decomposition of alkali cyanide solutions

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Publication number
DE332297C
DE332297C DE1920332297D DE332297DD DE332297C DE 332297 C DE332297 C DE 332297C DE 1920332297 D DE1920332297 D DE 1920332297D DE 332297D D DE332297D D DE 332297DD DE 332297 C DE332297 C DE 332297C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
decomposition
alkali
solutions
cyanide
cyanide solutions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1920332297D
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German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Willy Salge & Co Tech Ges M B
Original Assignee
Willy Salge & Co Tech Ges M B
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Willy Salge & Co Tech Ges M B filed Critical Willy Salge & Co Tech Ges M B
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE332297C publication Critical patent/DE332297C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/02Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide
    • C01C3/0262Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide from cyanides
    • C01C3/0266Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide from cyanides from simple alkali or alkaline earth metal cyanides
    • C01C3/027Alkali metal cyanides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Zersetzen von Alkalicyanidlösungen. In der Technik handelt es sich manchmal darum, Soda- oder Pottaschelaugen, die durch Cvanid, z. B. 5 bis io Prozent, verunreinigt sind, leicht und vollständig in dem Sinne. zu reinigen, daß alles Cyanid zersetzt, d. h. die Cvanidwasserstoffsäure abgespalten wird, ohne daß bei dieser Spaltung neue Verunreinigungen entstehen.Process for the decomposition of alkali metal cyanide solutions. Acts in technology Sometimes it is about soda or potash eyes caused by Cvanid, e.g. B. 5 to io percent that are defiled, easily and completely in that sense. to clean, that all cyanide decomposes, d. H. the hydrofluoric acid is split off without that with this cleavage new impurities arise.

An sich ist es bekannt, daß Lösungen der Alkalicvanide im Wasser infolge hydrolytischer Spaltung stark alkalisch reagieren, und daß diese Spaltung in Base und Säure noch durch die Einwirkung von Kohlensäure in ,ler Wärme unterstützt werden kann. CO, macht aber aus Cyaniden die Blausäure nicht quantitativ frei. Namentlich in der Wärme tritt nämlich in Cyanidlösungen weitgehend auch eine Spaltung in -Ammoniak, ameisensaures Alkali usw. ein.It is known per se that solutions of the alkali metal vanides in the water as a result hydrolytic cleavage react strongly alkaline, and that this cleavage in base and acid are supported in warmth by the action of carbonic acid can. CO, but does not quantitatively free hydrogen cyanide from cyanides. Namely When exposed to heat, cyanide solutions also largely split into ammonia, formic acid, etc.

Die Erfindung bezweckt nun aus diesen Cyaniden unter Vermeidung von Nebenzersetzungen möglichst den gesamten Gehalt an Cyanwasserstoffsäure als solche abzutreiben. Dies gelingt auf Grund der Beobachtung, daß Alkalicyanidlösungen, welche mindestens 5o bis 6o Prozent Alkalicarbonat enthalten, mit Kohlensäure in der Wärme (bei etwa 9o°) nur in Alkali und Cyanwasserstoffsäure, welch letztere untersetzt abdestilliert, gespalten werden: Bei dieser Zusammensetzung der Lösung treten störende Nebenreaktionen, Bildung von Ammoniak, ameisensaurem Alkali usw., gänzlich zurück und die Reaktion verläuft fast völlig in dem Sinne der alleinigen Bildung von Alkalicarbonat und der Abspaltung nahezu des gesamten Stichstoffes in Form von freier Blausäure. Es wurde dabei festgestellt, daß die Reaktion nahezu quantitativ nach dem Formelbild: 2 K (Na) CN -f- CO@ + H@O - K, (Na.,) CO, r- 2 HC N verläuft. Die nachstehende Tabelle enthält als Beispiel die im einzelnen gefundenen Ergebnisse bei Untersuchung einer Sodalösung mit wechselnden Gehalten an Cvannatrium unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen (gleiche Temperaturen und gleich lange Zeitdauer der CO.-Behandlung). Als H C N wer- Die Lösung enthält: den folgende Prozentteile des Stickstoffes Na, C 03 Na C N abgespalten. 99 Prozent i Prozent 99,4 95 `- 5 - 99,7 9o - 10 - - 9915 80 - 20 - 99,3 6o - 40 - , 98,4 50 - 50 - 97,7 40 - 6o - 9o, i 20 80 - 82,6 - - ioo - 7o,9. Dem Verhalten der Sodalösung entspricht die Zersetzung der Salzlösungen aller derjenigen Metalle, deren Carbonat und Cyanid wasserlöslich sind.The invention now aims to drive off the entire content of hydrocyanic acid as such from these cyanides while avoiding secondary decomposition. This succeeds on the basis of the observation that alkali cyanide solutions, which contain at least 50 to 60 percent alkali carbonate, are split with carbonic acid in the warmth (at about 90 °) only in alkali and hydrocyanic acid, the latter being distilled off at a reduced rate: With this composition the solution occurs disturbing side reactions, formation of ammonia, formic acid alkali etc., completely back and the reaction proceeds almost completely in the sense of the sole formation of alkali carbonate and the splitting off of almost all nitrogen in the form of free hydrocyanic acid. It was found that the reaction proceeds almost quantitatively according to the formula: 2 K (Na) CN -f- CO @ + H @ O - K, (Na.,) CO, r- 2 HC N. The table below contains, as an example, the results found in detail when examining a soda solution with varying levels of sodium carbonate under otherwise identical conditions (same temperatures and the same length of time for the CO 2 treatment). As HCN are The solution includes: the following Percentages of the Nitrogen Na, C 03 Na CN split off. 99 percent i percent 99.4 95 `- 5 - 99.7 9o - 10 - - 9915 80-20-99.3 6o - 40 -, 98.4 50-50-97.7 40 - 6o - 9o, i 20 80-82.6 - - ioo - 7o, 9. The behavior of the soda solution corresponds to the decomposition of the salt solutions of all those metals whose carbonate and cyanide are water-soluble.

;l.an kann nach der beschriebenen Arbeits- weise also Alkalicarbonatlösungen, die nur noch geringe Mengen Cyanid als Verunreini- ung enthalten, ohne weiteres von diesem be- freien, oder- melu -.hant@ auch reine Cyanid- lösungeti , prälzliscli ' du@tntitativ in Alkali- rarbori-@.-Eu:^.?;l'i;äfFe'-ier@egen, indem man der Cyapidlösung von vornherein bis zu etwa 5o bis 6o Prozent lösliches Carbonat hinzu- setzt. ; l.an can after the described work So wise alkali carbonate solutions that only still small amounts of cyanide as an impurity included, without further ado free, or- melu -.hant @ also pure cyanide- solution , prälzliscli 'du @ tntitativ in alkali rarbori - @ .- Eu: ^.?; l'i;äfFe'-ier @ egen, by one the cyapid solution from the start up to about 5o to 6o percent soluble carbonate puts.

Claims (1)

PATENT-ANSPRÜCII: Verfahren zum Zersetzen- von -Lll;aiicyanidlösungen und Abtreiben der Cyanwasserstoffsättre mit Kohlensäure in der Wärme, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man von Anfang an für einen Gehalt der Lösung an Alkalicarbonat von mindestens 5o Prozent Sorge trägt.PATENT-ANSPRÜCII: Process for the decomposition of -Lll; aiicyanidlösungen and driving off the hydrogen cyanide saturation with carbonic acid in the heat, characterized in that, that from the beginning for a content of the solution of alkali metal carbonate of at least 5o percent takes care of it.
DE1920332297D 1920-04-09 1920-04-09 Process for the decomposition of alkali cyanide solutions Expired DE332297C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE332297T 1920-04-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE332297C true DE332297C (en) 1921-01-31

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Family Applications (1)

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DE1920332297D Expired DE332297C (en) 1920-04-09 1920-04-09 Process for the decomposition of alkali cyanide solutions

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE332297C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19744939A1 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-15 Binker Materialschutz Gmbh Destruction of pests in e.g. buildings by fumigation with hydrogen cyanide

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19744939A1 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-15 Binker Materialschutz Gmbh Destruction of pests in e.g. buildings by fumigation with hydrogen cyanide

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