DE3240083A1 - Engine in the form of a body of revolution, which can be fitted out either for steam operation or as an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Nowadays customary internal combustion engines - steam engines have to a large extent been replaced by turbines - cannot be used in many applications because of particular features of construction, even though their use would be desirable because of their independence from a power supply. However, even with the nowadays highly developed engines, a lot of energy is unfortunately lost because the masses are not arranged as in a gyroscope, there are many friction points and many surfaces to be cooled. The engine presented here can, by replacing one part, be fitted out as a steam engine, an internal combustion engine or a pump. It comprises two rotors, each of which contains one or two dividing walls which divide the annular volume in the interior of the rotors into four separate chambers in which the four strokes of the Otto cycle take place simultaneously, the volume of which chambers changes as a function of the power stroke, the rotors being rotated alternately in the same direction and taking the axle along at the same time. The rotors are prevented from running back by being locked in a ring which surrounds the rotors at the equator of the construction. If the axle is not rotatably supported, the ring is rotated in the opposite direction. The rotary motion can thus be transmitted either at the axle or at the rotors. The construction in the form of a body of revolution has characteristics of a gyroscope and a wheel. The switchover of the functions of the chambers at the end of a power stroke is effected by a servo motor which ... Original abstract incomplete. <IMAGE>

Description

Motor in rotating body form, optionally for steam operation or as a combustion engine Purpose: an engine that has the advantages of a combustion engine in its construction or steam engine with features of a wheel and gyro combined and relatively low-mass can be built, opens up new possibilities in aviation, lightweight construction and at Space-saving constructions State of the art and its criticism Certain features this motor can be found in various servomotors. But only the rotation is involved at certain angles, mostly hydraulically driven, intended and not a circumferential one Movement Piston powered steam and internal combustion engines come in many sizes and Variations in use and preserved Otto and diesel engines @ consist of one A large number of complicated precision parts are therefore expensive and massive . The pressure of the burning gases is in them first in a -radlinear and this is only then converted into a rotating movement. By changing direction parts are losing energy in the process. Since only in one of the four bars of the Otto process work can be done the four strokes on multiple cylinders distributed so that work can be done in at least one cylinder at a time . J) This method of improving the synchronism multiplies the number of parts , the places to be lubricated and to be cooled and requires complex self-control = mechanisms (camshaft, etc.), a crankshaft and flywheel in addition to the mass of the engine. The start of such a motor requires because of friction and inner @ inertia a relatively high expenditure of force. While the rotor of an electric motor how a top can store its energy because its masses are concentric Circling the center of gravity of the axis, combustion engines come to very quickly Standstill Wankel engines look more elegant in their conception not so many, but complex to produce, parts The technical detail problems have not yet been resolved so convincingly that this engine is a gasoline or diesel engine could displace. This engine does not come without an eccentric. Also with the Wankel engine the motor mass is only a small part of the flywheel mass. Is such a thing needed , it increases the engine weight. No internal combustion engine known to me after the two- or four-stroke principle - turbines do not belong here before - is easily in the form of a rotating body to build, as it goes without saying with electric motors or the spiral spring motor of an IThr is task The desire arises to develop an internal combustion engine that the Properties of a gyro or a wheel that u; its axis is rotatable, combined with the accelerating properties of an engine. One optional Equipment option for operation with steam (not necessarily steam ) or as an internal combustion engine seems desirable The engine should consist of a few parts that are inexpensive to manufacture and easy to maintain to use its own mass as a flywheel.

Solution: To illustrate, first imagine white with the Openings placed on top of each other in front of the same size pan cake tins, through the middle like a candle in a cake, the tubular axis is stuck. At the equator of the Presentation = help hold a ring both shapes pressed together The parts that presented here with pot cake tins were white rotors (1a, Jb) Inside the construction there is an annular cavity, concentric around the axis of the partition walls in four enclosed walls variable volume is divided. Two of these partitions (4a, 4b) are mounted in each rotor, diametrically opposite each other. They are hollow, in two directions Wedge-shaped and pushed through the rotor wall from the outside in guides unrl locked in place where you brush along the inner wall of the other rotor = , they wear Dichtungsleistr.n. The partition walls (4a) in the rotor (1a), which is also the Active rotor is called have openings in the direction of the adjacent chambers for gas exchange and ignition devices (spark plugs). Are in the active rotor So there are four spark plugs, one for each of the four equal chambers. The partition walls (4b) in the other rotor (ib) are hollow, without openings, without spark plugs . Like the others, they should also be expandable by e.g. replace the sealing strips to be able to. In the cavities, which are accessible from the outside, can be used for cooling the airflow generated by the movement of the rotors can be directed into it e.g. by suitable shaping of stiffening or cooling ribs on the surface of rotors If the construction is to be operated with steam only, each rotor is sufficient a partition, the ignition is not required. . This means that some of the friction is eliminated , but the rotors must be balanced. There in the four chambers the four Cycles of the Otto process, each offset by one cycle, take place at the same time should, controlled by the work cycle, nd at the end of the function of the chambers to be exchanged according to the principle of rotation are inlets and outlets and Ignition leads as well as the switching mechanism yet to be described the Axis (2) should be dimensioned so that it can accommodate the necessary cables can . Where the gas transfer, @regulated by the timing switch ring (5), between Axis and rotor takes place, the axis has openings, e.g. inclined slots Must not endanger stability, and can be internally stiffened. For sealing reasons the axis should be slightly tapered towards the outside at this point, because over it the clock switching ring should be pushed and @@@@@ @@, abe @ dre @@ ar, through its openings Direct exhaust gas and mixture or steam and exhaust steam specifically into the respective chambers respectively.

blow it out. The clock switching ring is in turn as a cone or Cone ground in the rotor. E1n pushed and fixed on the axis Bearing ring (6) keeps the switching ring and rotor stored separately in the desired Position on the axis. A corresponding part also holds the other rotor with a grooved finish on the friction surfaces to be sealed ksflrl Improve the sealing properties. lubrication should be mentioned but not discussed here In the axis, especially If this is the component to be driven, a worm gear can be used, and blades can be used Use the energy contained in the flowing exhaust gas to rotate the axis. The axis is milled as a gear rack where both rotors close it , engage the teeth in the same direction, i.e. mirror images in the rotors pushed through, driver. The axis is only in one direction in the rotors rotatable or can be taken along by the rotors in the liner direction, turn back it cannot, but if it is faster than the rotors, in these keep turning. Of course, the @ otor @@ can also be toothed and the drivers in the axis connector. Driver and toothing in exactly the opposite direction of action , also to be referred to as locking, grip between the rotor and the ring (3) that holds the construction together on the equator. The axis is firmly anchored and not rotatable * this ring is taken alternately by the rotors , can thus act as a wheel or, if it has different circumferences, as part of one Serve translation. The rotors can only ever go in one and the same direction turn, serving is set in the direction of action of the driver and lock functionality as an internal combustion engine.

@tart: First of all, an ignitable mixture must be @sucked into a chamber t ground. To do this, the rotor, which is movable in the direction of rotation, is rotated until the first Change of cycle takes place. The rotation can be done by muscle power or a starter The cycle change is initiated by an electrical contact, which always comes then come about when the partitions approach each other. An electric servomotor or some mechanical arrangement that does the same turns the timing switch ring in the rotor around 900. The rotor then rotates again coupled with the switching ring Further. The mixture sucked into the first chamber is now after the cycle change compacted between the partition walls because the other rotor is now turned from the outside it is good to hold the first one. The partitions are wide enough approximated! this time the other pairing! , the ignition takes place with the cycle change .

Now the engine continues to run by itself, driven by the internal gas pressure , the sucked in, compressed, burned mixture leaves through the screw in the exhaust: P the engine. In the other chambers, one bar each postponed, these other three measures occurred. The ignition remains after termination If there is no need, both rotors continue to turn together with the axle or the ring until the ignition starts again. After a prolonged ignition failure, this condenses Mixture volatilized, must be restarted; so.

The rotors can never overtake each other because of the partition walls The partitions cannot hit each other hard either, with pads made of a compacted mixture .

Function as a steam engine: There is no ignition in steam engines . Only the timing locking ring needs to be exchanged for one of the alternating ones the chambers are supplied with steam or the outlet opens. The starting is carried out by the first Dam @ fine lass.

Steam engines get by with an active and a tubular partition , but must be balanced For specific uses the rotors can be made of ceramic or glass-like materials which can be advantageous with aggressive vapors, because of the lower expansion of the parts when heated, because of the lower thermal conductivity and because of the modeling ability of these materials, low vapor pressures should be ntt at relatively low ones Temperatures, plastic is also conceivable as a material, at least for the seals If the rotors of a steam engine are driven alternately from the outside, e.g. by coupling with the rotors PinPE of other motor according to the same construction principle, so arises One pump Several motors can also be combined on one axis. That can improve the already good uniformity but is particularly appropriate there , where very different performance is to be given. The ignition times can be coordinated with it. Non-working motors continue to spin, the axis is threatened in them without never taking along That for an internal combustion engine carburetor and electric Devices are necessary at least for the ignition, is self-evident and is not carried out here Advantages: Dor Motor consists of right few and relatively easy to manufacture molded parts.

It is variable in the external shape, can be wheel, roller-ball , yes, have a cone shape. It is true that the friction is 3 rotor edges to be sealed to note each other, basically this possibility is the Anpascuni: ar. very specific technical purposes but given relative to his @ubraum and the effective area of the partitions, the engine has a small volume and is pleasing Low mass to build @ and does not require additional flywheels, since the mass of the Motor itself stores the supplied energy mainly as a flywheel and itself apart from the gases, move all masses concentrically to the axis.

The opposite directions of rotation also appear to be advantageous to tap either on the axis or the ring, as well as for some purposes , e.g. pumps also usable alternating movement of the rotors The construction for special Purposes made of ceramic, glass-like materials or even plastic opened up new tech @ ic areas Optional equipment as a combustion engine, steam engine or pump by replacing only one part (timing switch ring) has an effect Series production cost = cheap.

The use of the residual energy in the exhaust gas through the turbine-like effect the auger or blades in the exhaust pipe in the axle saves fuel, as in general the construction allows relatively little internal energy losses to be expected.

Maintenance and repair costs as well as manufacturing costs are likely be significantly lower than with conventional motors Explanations to the drawings meaning de numbers 1a active rotor, contains partition walls 4a ib passive rotor, contains partitions 4b 2 axis 3 ring 4a with active partitions Supply line openings 7/8 and two spark plugs la 4b passive per partition Partition wall without openings to the chambers and without spark plugs 5 timing switch ring-6 bearing rings , locked on axis 2 7 Supply line for fuel mixture or steam exhaust line for exhaust gas or exhaust steam 9 electrical contact and cable for the Zündu @ g 1o io Spark plug / thread for 11 contacts that operate the servomotor (here only as an example of the situation, as here only the functionality but not the technical It is important to have 12 seals on the rotor edges (possibly grooved there ) and sealing strips on the dividing wall edges 13 cavity in the dividing wall for cooling 14 Bearings 15 Carriers or locks Explanations of the drawings Fig. I (section C-D) Cross-section perpendicular to the motor axis 2 at the level of the equator through the ring 3 through between the rotors 1a and 1b, cutting through the partition walls 4a and 4b .

The supply line is visible in axis 2. (This can also be concentric be guided in the exhaust pipe 8 if they are to come lines from one direction ) View of the active rotor la with the dovetail-like set in grooves Partitions 4a. The contacts 11 for the servomotor are in their position as points indicated in one rotor and circles in the other. There are drivers only according to their location and locks marked, they are close side by side the respective scope. (See Fig.IVa / b!) The ring 3 is in a suitable shape assembled from parts Fig. II Positions of the rotors 1a and 1b a? compressed mixture is ignited. Rotor la rotates in the direction of the arrow, rotor ib is locked m reverse rotation prevented or slowed down in movement. The two rotors are common Basic speed is neglected in the drawings as its rotation increases Rotor lays the axis with, expresses exhaust gas (chamber marked with a), sucks a new mixture in chamber e, compressed in chamber v b) more advanced Movement of rotor 1a, rotor Ib has remained behind and serves as a counter bearing in particular for the compression c) the partition walls 4a and 4b have approached each other as much as possible the contact closed, which turns the servomotor the clock switching ring 5 by 900 leaves . The rotors continue to rotate together like a top, the axis is ready to ignite compressed mixture in the chamber previously designated by v between them and wait for the ignition spark d) the rotors have changed their function, rotor la remains behind, ib takes the axis with it, the working chamber from above (z) is now Exhaust chamber a. The arrows in the center indicate the inflow and outflow of the gases Fig. III Section along the center of the axis through the motor, servomotor and accessories omitted, drivers and locks not drawn in detail. A partition removed, the other 4a cut along line A-B. In 4a the Line opening 7/8, the spark plug holder lo and the cavity for cooling 13 . Carriers 14 between ring 3 and rotors 1a, 1b are represented by balls . The bearing ring 6 above and below can be identical if the axis 2 .n the point is brought to the same diameter and the lower TJager.ri.ng r two separate Contains bearings for rotor 1a and indexing ring 5. The cavity that goes through the top If there is a lack of the switching ring, this can be caused by further Carrier or the bearings become full if the rotor Ib is not milled out less there IV a and IV b show two possible arrangements. of drivers or locks between rotors la or 1b lind of axis 2. Accordingly, the drivers are between Rotors and ring 3 to think about Fig. V Axis 2 in longitudinal section. Above the supply line 7 below the exhaust pipe 8 and the electrical supply line with contact ring 9 for the Supply to the spark plugs Fig. VI Cross-section at the level of the line E-F through the axis 2 and timing switch ring 5; left the exhaust pipe open Fig. VII Longitudinal section through the timing switch ring 5. The electrical contact ring 9 is visible. The circulating Einuc.htungren on the inner wall towards the axis should provide a permanent connection the lines, regardless of the respective location and size of the Openings in the axis Fig. VIII Section parallel to the axis through the partition 4a along the line G-H (see Fig. I, III). Dashed the central wall between the line openings.

Fig. IX Section through the partition 4a along the line A-H (Fig. I On the right the cavity 13 for cooling purposes, on the left the line opening 7 / R and the Thread for the spark plug le Fig. X Section on the line I-K (Fig IX) through the Partition perpendicular to the axis. Spark plugs Io and line openings 7/8 for both adjoining chambers.

Fig. XI sections perpendicular to the axis 2 through the rotor 1a and timing switch ring 5. Sections projected onto one another to adjust the position of the clock switching ring 5 to show the line openings 7/8 in the partition walls 4a in the rotor la. Top left Exhaust, top right: sucking in mixture from feed line 7 bottom right : compress, bottom left: ignition contact set to "ignite"; relevant spark plug ignites when the line is energized from the battery. Through this the ignition point can be influenced from the outside for the direction of rotation of the engine Locks and drivers are not effective, however, the direction of rotation of the clock switching ring 5 The direction of the clock switching ring must not change and it must absolutely be precise to the next position are carried out Fig. XII Processing of the clock lock ring 5. On the left the supply line, 7 open next to it the zone for the compression without openings , on the right the ignition contact zone 9, on the right the exhaust 8 is enabled On Switching ring for a steam engine or a pump with four chambers always alternates One zone for inlet and outlet For steam engines and pumps with only two chambers , because only a total of two partitions, the clock switching ring has only two zones and turns around 1800 or vele zones in partition wall thickness which always alternate one or Cause outflow on the sides of the partition 4a R e r s e i t e

Claims (1)

Protection claims Motor in rotating body form, optionally for steam operation or to be equipped as an internal combustion engine. Claim 1: engine in rotary body form, according to the invention characterized in that it is by replacing a part t clock switching ring 5 can be converted from steam operation to operation with burning gases characterized in that it is designed with a corresponding drive from the outside Can also be used as a steam engine as a pump Two rotors tal 1b) with two each diametrically opposite built-in partition walls (4a / 4b) rotate alternately in the same direction around the axis (2) and take it via drivers in this Direction with while both locking on to the rotation in the other direction (oppositely directed drivers, as denoted by 15) prevented 9 which snap into a ring that holds the two rotors at the equator of the construction stored together. (A ring is labeled 3. Every four bars of the Otto processes always take place simultaneously in the four sealed off from one another Chambers inside the rotors between the partitions instead of each at the end of one The chambers change their function with the work cycle. To control this process the clock switching ring 5 is provided, which is controlled by a servomotor by a certain Angle is rotated (with internal combustion engines 900) as soon as the partition walls at their Approach each other to establish a corresponding contact. When operating as Steam = motor or pump, the switching ring only needs two openings , ae one for supply and discharge or several and then so that the sides of the Partition walls alternately supply the chambers with steam or the exhaust steam duct ('open The supply and discharge of gases or pumped substances takes place through the axis. The exhaust duct then contains when the axle and not the ring 3 is driven shall be Claim 1 continuation of a screw or blades which, when the exhaust gas / exhaust steam flows out, also drives axis 2 in the direction of rotation drive The rotary movement can alternatively, alternatively, on axis 2 or - in the opposite direction of rotation - on the ring 3 or on the rotorela and / or Ib are removed. The start of an internal combustion engine takes place by alternating Driving the rotors in the direction of rotation, the respective non-driven rotor The partition walls there in the rotor 1a contain two spark plugs 10 each and two processing openings 7/8, i.e. one opening for each hammer, which are common is used for supply and discharge and a spark plug. The clock switching ring connects or separates the lines and the chambers. It is ground on axis 2 so that it can be rotated and ground into the rotor 1a. The cooling - in the case of an internal combustion engine - takes place from the outside on the surface of the rotors and through cavities t3 in the Partitions 4a and 4b. The partition walls 4b do not contain any leadings or ignitions but are just hollow. Sealing strips 12 on the partition edges and between the rotor edges - here optionally also grooved grinding - prevent mixing the chamber contents or an outflow to the outside Subclaims Claim 2 rotors according to claim 1, characterized in that they not only made of metal, but also made of ceramic materials or, depending on the intended use Glass or plastics can be manufactured according to claim 3: Rotors according to claim 1, characterized in that they are smooth on the inside, with cooling fins on the outside s can be provided at the same time the "airstream" in the cavities 13 in the Partitions 4a and 4b lead in that also on the outer surfaces of the rotors also a ring gear for the jump start and a transmission device for the Drive a pump built according to the same principle can be incorporated claim 4 ring 3 according to claim 1 F, characterized in that it is suitable for installation in a Gearboxes can have different sizes, according to claim 5, rotors 1a and 1t and ring 3 and axis 2 can show different rotating body shape together, so as Disc, wheel, roller, cylinder, ball, cone can be built with variable surfaces Claim 6 Several rotors according to Claim 1 can be on a common axis, independently of each other from the outside electronically by influencing the ignition point work controlled, in a common or with separate rings claim 7 : One or more motors according to claim 1 can be part of an electrical generator be