DE3233552C1 - Lightweight building material based on fly ashes - Google Patents

Lightweight building material based on fly ashes

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Publication number
DE3233552C1
DE3233552C1 DE3233552A DE3233552A DE3233552C1 DE 3233552 C1 DE3233552 C1 DE 3233552C1 DE 3233552 A DE3233552 A DE 3233552A DE 3233552 A DE3233552 A DE 3233552A DE 3233552 C1 DE3233552 C1 DE 3233552C1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fly ash
building material
lightweight building
densities
material based
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE3233552A
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German (de)
Inventor
Alfred Dipl.-Ing. 4390 Gladbeck Schniering
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE3233552A priority Critical patent/DE3233552C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3233552C1 publication Critical patent/DE3233552C1/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02Treatment
    • C04B20/04Heat treatment
    • C04B20/06Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials
    • C04B20/068Selection of ingredients added before or during the thermal treatment, e.g. expansion promoting agents or particle-coating materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Fly ash which is consolidated by a burning process in the conventional way has relatively high densities and only a limited suitability as a lightweight building material. Burn-out additives and conventional expander additives do not give the desired result in the case of fly ash. As a result of the admixture, according to the invention, of water-containing natural glasses such as obsidian, perlite and pitchstone, preferably in quantities of 5 to 30% by mass, significantly lower densities (apparent grain densities) are achieved in the burning process at almost the same strengths. To regulate the melting or sintering temperatures, additions of conventional fluxes may be necessary.

Description

Patentansprüche: 1. Leichtbaustoff auf der Basis von Flugaschen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er durch einen Brennprozeß aus Gemischen von Flugaschen mit wasserhaltigen natürlichen Gläsern wie Obsidian, Perlit und Pechstein erzeugt ist.Claims: 1. Lightweight building material based on fly ash, thereby characterized in that it is through a burning process from mixtures of fly ash with water-containing natural glasses such as obsidian, perlite and pitch stone.

2. Leichtbaustoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zur Regulierung der Schmelz- bzw. Sintertemperaturen zusätzliche Komponenten enthält. 2. Lightweight building material according to claim 1, characterized in that it Contains additional components to regulate the melting or sintering temperatures.

In Steinkohle- und Braunkohlekraftwerken, wie auch in Müllverbrennungsanlagen fallen große Mengen von Flugaschen an. Diese können bisher nur zum Teil einer nutzbringenden Verwendung, so z. B. als Füller in bituminösen Massen und in hydraulisch gebundenen Baustoffen, zugeführt werden. In hard coal and lignite power plants, as well as in waste incineration plants there are large amounts of fly ash. So far, these can only be partially beneficial Use, e.g. B. as a filler in bituminous masses and in hydraulically bound Building materials.

Flugasche wird auch mit Wasser zu Pellets geformt und durch Brennen verfestigt. Die erforderliche Brennenergie wird der Flugasche vor dem Pelletisieren in Form von Kohle zugegeben. Auch der Restkohlenstoff der Flugasche dient dabei als Energieträger. Das Ausbrennen der Kohle und des Restkohlenstoffes bewirkt in bekannter Weise eine zusätzliche Porosität in den Brennprodukten. Dennoch liegt die Dichte (Kornrohdichte) dieser Produkte weit über der von vergleichbaren Leichtbaustoffen, wie z. B. Blähton. Fly ash is also formed into pellets with water and fired solidified. The fly ash receives the required burning energy before it is pelletized added in the form of charcoal. The residual carbon in the fly ash is also used as an energy source. The burning out of the coal and the residual carbon causes in known way an additional porosity in the firing products. Still lies the density (grain density) of these products far exceeds that of comparable lightweight construction materials, such as B. Expanded clay.

Neben der Zugabe von Ausbrennstoffen ist in der keramischen Industrie die Zugabe von Treibmitteln ein bekanntes Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Porosität, bzw. In addition to the addition of burnout materials is in the ceramic industry the addition of blowing agents a well-known method to increase porosity, respectively.

zur Verringerung der Dichte. Die in der Keramik gebräuchlichen Treibmittel sind in Flugaschenpellets jedoch nicht zu verwenden, weil die Gase oder Dämpfe, die sie im Brennprozeß erzeugen, aus der stark durchlässigen Flugasche entweichen, ohne einen Blähdruck zu erzeugen, oder bei entsprechend verstärkter Wirkung, z. B. durch erhöhte Dosierung, zum Zerfall der im Vergleich zu keramischen Massen, nur schwach kohäsiven Fiugasche führen.to reduce the density. The propellants commonly used in ceramics are not to be used in fly ash pellets because the gases or vapors which they generate in the burning process, escape from the highly permeable fly ash, without generating an inflation pressure, or with a correspondingly increased effect, z. B. by increased dosage, to the disintegration of the compared to ceramic masses, result in only weakly cohesive fiug ash.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht somit darin, ein Treibmittel zu finden, das der Flugasche zugegeben, zusammen mit dieser zu brennbaren Körpern geformt und zu körnigen oder regelmäßig geformten Leichtbaustoffen mit Dichten von deutlich unter 1 g/cm2 gebrannt werden kann. The object of the invention is thus to provide a propellant find that added to the fly ash, together with this formed into flammable bodies and to granular or regularly shaped lightweight building materials with densities of significantly can be burned below 1 g / cm2.

Natürliche Gläser, wie z. B. Obsidian, Perlit oder Pechstein enthalten beträchtliche Mengen Wasser in nahezu molekularer Verteilung. Bei hohen Temperaturen von ca. 700 bis 1150"C geht das Glas von der festen in die zähflüssige Schmelzphase über. Der Dampfdruck des eingeschlossenen Wassers bläht das Glas bis zum 15fachen seines Volumens auf. Dieser Effekt wird bekanntlich zur Herstellung von losen, fein- bis mittelkörnigen (bis ca. 8 mm) Dämmstoffen, z. B. aus Perlit genutzt. Die Festigkeit dieser Blähprodukte ist jedoch so gering, daß die Körner zwischen den Fingern zerreiblich sind. Natural glasses, such as B. Obsidian, Perlite or pitch stone contain considerable amounts of water in an almost molecular distribution. At high temperatures from approx. 700 to 1150 "C the glass changes from the solid to the viscous melt phase above. The vapor pressure of the trapped water expands the glass up to 15 times of its volume. This effect is known to be used in the production of loose, fine to medium-grained (up to approx. 8 mm) insulation materials, e.g. B. used from perlite. The strength however, this expansion product is so small that the grains friable between the fingers are.

Bei Brennversuchen an Gemischen von Flugasche und Perlit zeigte sich überraschenderweise, daß sich das Gefüge der wassergebundenen Formlinge stark aufblähen läßt und dennoch nach dem Brand beträchtliche Festigkeiten aufweist. Die Zugaben an Perlit wurden von 5 bis 30 M%, bezogen auf die Masse des Gemisches, variiert. Aber auch geringere und höhere Zusätze können vorteilhaft sein. Der Perlit wurde als Körnung kleiner 0,09 mm zugegeben. Jedoch können auch feinere und grobere Körnungen eingesetzt werden. In burning tests on mixtures of fly ash and perlite it was found Surprisingly, that the structure of the water-bound moldings swell up considerably leaves and still has considerable strength after the fire. The encores of pearlite were varied from 5 to 30 mass%, based on the mass of the mixture. But smaller and larger additives can also be advantageous. The perlite was added as a grain size smaller than 0.09 mm. However, finer and coarser grains can also be used can be used.

Nach dem bisherigen Stand der Untersuchungen beruht die überraschend festigkeitserhaltende Wirkung des wasserhaltigen, natürlichen Glases darauf, daß die Aufblähung mit dem Schmelzen des Glases zusammenfällt und damit gleichzeitig eine Bindung der Flugasche teilchen eintritt. Dies tritt allerdings nur dann ein, wenn gleichzeitig auch die Flugasche nahe an der Sintergrenze ist. Ist das nicht der Fall, so kann die Art des natürlichen wasserhaltigen Glases oder die Art der Flugasche geändert werden. Aber auch eine Einsatz von Flußmitteln kommt in Betracht. According to the current status of the investigations, this is surprising strength-maintaining effect of the water-containing, natural glass on the fact that the swelling coincides with the melting of the glass and thus simultaneously the fly ash particles bind. However, this only occurs if at the same time the fly ash is close to the sinter limit. Isn't that The case may be the type of natural hydrous glass or the type of Fly ash can be changed. But the use of fluxes is also possible.

Geeignete Rezepturen für den Einzelfall sind nur durch Probieren mit Hilfe von Brennversuchen zu ermitteln. Suitable recipes for individual cases can only be obtained by trying them out to be determined with the help of firing tests.

Die Vorteile sind: 1. Der Bläheffekt ist an der Außenhaut der Brennkörper nicht geringer als in deren Mitte. Damit lassen sich neben Pellets, die als Zuschlagstoffe verwendet werden können, auch maßhaltige Formteile (Bausteinformate) als Leichtbaustoffe herstellen. The advantages are: 1. The expansion effect is on the outer skin of the combustion body no less than in the middle. In addition to pellets that can be used as aggregates Dimensionally stable molded parts (building block formats) can also be used as lightweight building materials produce.

2. Die betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlich sinnvolle Verwendung von Flugasche kann beträchtlich erweitert und somit ein bedeutender Beitrag zum Umweltschutz geleistet werden.2. The business and economically sensible use of Fly ash can be expanded considerably and thus make a significant contribution to environmental protection be done.

3. Durch die Bereitstellung eines kostengünstigen, wärmedämmenden Baustoffes sind beträchtliche Mengen Heizenergie einzusparen.3. By providing an inexpensive, heat insulating Building material, considerable amounts of heating energy can be saved.

Claims (1)

4. Für die gebräuchliche Herstellung von losen Dämmstoffen aus natürlichen, wasserhaltigen Gläsern werden die Mehlkörnungen (Stäube kleiner 0,09 mm) kaum verwendet. Der in den Aufbereitungsanlagen anfallende Überschuß stellt ebenfalls einen Rückstand dar, der in dem erfindungsgemäßen Baustoff eine wirtschaftliche Verwendung findet.4. For the common production of loose insulation materials from natural, The flour grains (dusts smaller than 0.09 mm) are hardly used in water-containing glasses. The surplus in the processing plants also constitutes a residue represents, which finds an economical use in the building material according to the invention.
DE3233552A 1982-09-10 1982-09-10 Lightweight building material based on fly ashes Expired DE3233552C1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3233552A DE3233552C1 (en) 1982-09-10 1982-09-10 Lightweight building material based on fly ashes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3233552A DE3233552C1 (en) 1982-09-10 1982-09-10 Lightweight building material based on fly ashes

Publications (1)

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DE3233552C1 true DE3233552C1 (en) 1983-11-03

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DE3233552A Expired DE3233552C1 (en) 1982-09-10 1982-09-10 Lightweight building material based on fly ashes

Country Status (1)

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DE (1) DE3233552C1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2742283B2 (en) * 1976-09-22 1979-03-29 Tuileries Huguenot-Fenal, Pargny Sur Saulx (Frankreich) Foam clay mixture and process for its preparation

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2742283B2 (en) * 1976-09-22 1979-03-29 Tuileries Huguenot-Fenal, Pargny Sur Saulx (Frankreich) Foam clay mixture and process for its preparation

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D1 Grant (no unexamined application published) patent law 81
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