DE32252C - Vacuum dryer - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 82: Drying devices.

EMIL PASSBURG in MOSCOW. Vacuum dryer.

Addition to patent no. 28971 of January 8, 1884.

Patented in the German Empire on January 29, 1885. Longest duration: January 7th 189g.

The present invention relates to what is described in my realm patents no. 28971 described Process for the dry representation of highly hydrous, solid or pulpy Bodies with the help of the vacuum. It solves the problem despite using a good vacuum and in spite of the direct supply of heat into the drying body, the process continues to be carried out so that the actual drying apparatus continues the ones to be dried Substances are supplied and can continuously release the dried ones, without having to release the vacuum in the drying cylinder. At the same time can the apparatus can also be set up in such a way that the hopper is removed from the drying apparatus can be insulated airtight so that it can be refilled periodically, and likewise that the collecting container for the dried products must be hermetically isolated from the vacuum can to be periodically emptied.

The apparatus is shown in the accompanying drawing. As in the main patent, the actual vacuum apparatus is a horizontal cylinder A surrounded by a steam jacket B. The heat is supplied partly through the outer water or steam jacket AB, on whose inner surface α the materials to be dried slide with the direct absorption of heat, as in the rotating apparatus of the main patent, partly through a water or steam cylinder D located in the interior of that vacuum body, to which or around which the rotating paddle mechanism is attached, which takes care of the shoveling. As can be seen, the heating cylinder D simultaneously takes the place of a heating magazine introduced into the vacuum apparatus. It is fed with steam or water through the hollow shafts, which are sealed similarly as in the main patent.

Instead of a cylinder, any other form of this inner radiator can of course be used to get voted. It is only essential that it either rotates itself and the drying one Throws material through each other, or that, as in the accompanying drawing, a shovel mechanism around it, furthermore that it rotates against the atmosphere as well as against the vacuum is well sealed.

The cylinder A is sealed on both sides by the bases C ₁ and C _2.

The inner heating cylinder D is by means of the screwed-on two hollow shafts d _v and d. ₃ in the supporting shafts a _x and a. ₂ stored. The steam emerges from tube N through the shaft d _x into this heating cylinder and exits again on the opposite side to tube N ₁ . Middle of the stuffing boxes ^ ₁ q. ₂ q. ₀ and q _i , the hollow shafts are sealed off in a vapor and airtight manner.

A shovel mechanism can be rotated around this heating cylinder D (or with the same). The same consists of the hollow ones around d _l and d. ₂ rotating

(but also with those connected if desired) supporting shafts a _v and a.-, on the flanges of which circular plates bb and angled iron cc are screwed and riveted again.

These rings are connected by Flacheisenstä'be gg to a _system; which is stiffened by the arrangement of the rings f _x f _{n etc.}

On the flat iron rods , curved or straight blades hh are offset in such a way that one blade protrudes over the next by about a sixth of its length after the opening E _{1 of} the drying cylinder A , so that a steep helix is formed around the flat iron rods gg .

With continued rotation of this paddle mechanism around the horizontal axis of symmetry of the cylinder A , the substances falling at E are now caught by the paddles hh , then emptied onto the heating cylinder D and picked up from the heated bottom of the cylinder A by the paddles, emptied again onto D, etc. whereby each individual shovel conveys the dry material it holds steadily by a little to the exit E.

It is not absolutely necessary, but it cannot be ruled out either, that the blades be a little oblique are posed.

With this arrangement of the blades the individual parts of the drying substance are subject to frequent circulation before they reach the mouth of the apparatus E.

The slow conveyance of the mass in this way when the paddle is turned brings the individual parts of the dry material into intimate contact with the heated surfaces. As a result, even when exhaust steam is used as heating medium, the water of the moist substances is vigorously and completely boiled off in the vacuum produced by the air pump, without the latter being able to heat up to a temperature in the vacuum which is harmful to them. The vapors developed during drying are discharged from the apparatus into the condenser, etc. by the pump through nozzles see _2, see ₂ , covers C ₁ and C _2.

Brush \ \ gg to the flat iron bars mounted which rotirend clean the jacket of stationary Heizcylinders D resistant from about depend lasting because substances.

The rotation of the paddle mechanism takes place by means of the drive of the pulley R ₁ attached to the hollow shaft Ci _1. It is also possible for two or more drying cylinders A and A ₁ described here to be connected to form one apparatus.

The drying apparatus has a loading vessel H ₁ and an emptying vessel H ₂ . These vessels are provided with hermetically sealable manhole covers K and K ₁ , sight glasses S and S, and air pump nozzles s, s _o . H ₁ is surrounded by a steam jacket L with steam inlet connection S ₀ and outlet connection S ₁ . Pipe M leads to the condenser or. to the air pump, G is a throttle valve which, by driving the pulley m, lets the substances in H ₁ alternately fall into the drying cylinder and soon shut off. In the housing FF _{1 there} are wedge-shaped, ground slide plates η η (made of brass or another metal) with screw spindles pp _r When the spindle ρ is turned back, the slide plate η moves in the same direction ^ whereby a free passage into the drying cylinder A for the one from H ₁ Throttle valve g ejected substances is made. When turning the spindle, the slide plate η is pressed into a wedge-shaped drilled brass guide housing, whereby the drying cylinder α and a _x of H ₁ respectively. H., can be hermetically sealed. F is provided with an airtight, hollow lid ο so that substances that have accidentally accumulated here and want to get stuck between the slide and the housing can be removed by pressing O. The screw spindle ρ is surrounded by a sheath-like housing, which is sealed airtight by means of a stuffing box.

The following additional arrangements of the hopper H ₁ are advantageous for larger apparatus, FIG. 2.

For better preheating of the material, the filling funnel has an inner heating element H ₃ on top of the steam jacket L , which consists of two cast iron tubes JRg and R ₁₁ screwed together steam-tight. In the cavity between R _s and R ₄ steam circulates, which enters from L and escapes again below through a pipe to L.

The outer tube R ₃ has a flange and is thereby suspended from the lid of the hopper by means of screw bolts bb and b ₁ b _1. To support the radiator is a table-like, by a ring i? ₅ stiffened frame T.

The lower part of the inner tube i? ₄ is cast in such a way that it can be used as a bearing for the track pin of the shaft W.

On the shaft a worm W S ₄ or other suitable device is attached which feeds the dried g upon rotation of the shaft W through the narrower neck of the funnel // the throttle valve.

Instead of the latter, a flap divided into compartments, as well as in general, can also be used each device are used, which depending on the number of revolutions, a corresponding quantum of the Lets items to be dried fall into the drying cylinder. It goes without saying that

Instead of the vertical screw and the throttle valve, this service can also be carried out by a horizontal screw, which rotates between the hopper H ₁ and the drying cylinder AB in a cylinder, sealed in a vapor-tight manner by stuffing boxes, and evenly adjusts the dry material falling onto one end of the hopper läfst drop its other end in the Trockencylinder A. The speed of rotation of this screw is regulated according to the need for faster or slower filling of the drying cylinder.

In the drawing is this arrangement which is in relation to the parts shown simply, left out, since it seems sufficient, is one of the manifold arrangements to regulate the incidence of the dry material in all details also to represent graphically.

The apparatus shown here is suitable for drying all those mentioned in the main patents water-containing bodies, with the exception of viscous ones, but especially for drying of starch, farin sugar, brewer's grains, as well as for drying malt.

Where the steam increases the heat so high that the dry matter is damaged by it the jacket and the inner radiator are heated by means of water.

Claims (1)

Patent Claims:
As a supplement or replacement for the vacuum apparatus mentioned in claim 3 of the main patent: ι. A vacuum drying apparatus which allows continuous or periodic loading and emptying without interrupting operation, namely without releasing the vacuum, essentially consisting of one or more drying cylinders AB provided with a steam jacket and a charging vessel H ₁ and emptying vessel H ₂ connected to the same, which both can be evacuated simultaneously with the drying cylinder by the air pump. .. ■■.
The arrangement of an inner heater D for water or steam heating in the vacuum drying apparatus in place of the heating magazines. The inner paddle, which can be rotated around or with D, formed by flat iron bars gg, on which the paddles h are peculiarly offset on the outer surface, in order, by means of this device, on the one hand, to ensure intimate contact of the substances to be dried with the heated surfaces when the paddle is rotated , on the other hand, to achieve the conveyance of the mass to the exit opening of the drying cylinder.
The arrangement of brushes ^ on the inner side of the flat iron bars of the. rotating shovel mechanism for cleaning the heated surfaces of the cylinder D from drying material falling on it. The wedge-shaped slide plates η and n with spindle ρ ρ _λ in the housing FF ₁ provided with cover ο in order to be able to close off the drying cylinder A both airtight from H ₁ and from H ₂ by means of this device. The installation of a rotating throttle valve G, as well as a rotating vertical or horizontal screw S ₄ , the axis of which is sealed by means of a stuffing box when passing through the vessel wall, for the controllable introduction of the material to be dried from the loading vessel H ₁ into the drying cylinder A. 1 sheet of drawings.