DE3223792A1 - STATIC RAIL RELAY - Google Patents

Description

description

The present invention relates to a track block system for a railroad system. In particular concerns the The present invention is a static track relay which is supplied with alternating current.

The object of the invention is to provide a device which is suitable for use in railway systems at the present time used to replace AC powered disc relays to detect the presence of a train in one Reliably display the track area.

As is known, it is not only necessary to periodically maintain the disc relay. Rather, this relay is too with respect to any noise frequency in a range from 35 Hz to 70 Hz with an increasing noise amplitude or interference amplitude if the deviation increases the normal 50Hz operating frequency, sensitive.

Incidentally, it is stated that the basic frequency of the train chopper is set to 32.5 Hz, that the auxiliary equipment of the locomotives and railroad cars work at 50 Hz and that any noise or interference frequency is also caused by the Filter in one go, the inductance and the capacity of the chain gllex system and the udders of the substations influenced will.

The currently used disk relay (vane 'relay)' has a torque KII _c . sin, where I is a local current that is generated inside the driver's cab by an 80V-50Hz voltage that is in phase with the 150 V voltage supplying the DC circuits. I is the one

#1 "

- 10 -

Current generated by the voltage (called track voltage) that returns to the track. This tension advances by about 90 ° with respect to the local tension, achieving the maximum torque that is appropriate is to energize the free relay of the track circuit.

The L / R ratio is the same for both windings of the relay. For the track circles with only a distance of insulated rails is the phase shift in the conventional devices by a capacitor, the is arranged behind the counter plate of the relay, and achieved to a much smaller extent by the track, which is an electrical line with distributed electrical elements.

In the case of automatic block devices (track circles in which both rail lines are isolated), the phase shift obtained by the same inductive connections.

A disadvantage of the disk relay is the fact that the torque is in an angular range from 0 ° to 180 ° also depends on the amplitude of the track voltage. The fact that in an angular range from 180 ° to 360 ° the torque becomes negative, on the other hand, represents a certain advantage because it causes the disc to be on electrical Ways back down.

An interference frequency f ,, in a range from 35 Hz to 70 Hz, and a suitable amplitude on the track circle will therefore cause impacts at a frequency that is derived from the combination of the 50 Hz interference frequency f, with the frequency of the mechanical resonance of the disc.

- 11 -

The static track relay according to the invention, which with AC power is supplied / has the following characteristics and advantages:

a) Compared to the disk relay, the inventive Relays are less sensitive to any noise frequency.

b). The "phase transfer band", ie the temporal phase difference of the track voltage (V) in relation to the local voltage (V) in which regular operation takes place / has a value of 30 ° to 35 ° or a higher value expressed in electrical degrees / when the change that the ballast conditions put on the angle Ϋ becomes a noticeable change.

This narrowing of the phase transmission band is also necessary due to the fact that this is done by direct current powered relay, which is present in the device as an end part, is only de-energized as a result of gravity and has no negative return torque.

This relay has another disadvantage with respect to the disk relay, namely that its de-energization ratio is no greater than 0.6, whereas it is known that one circle of track for a satisfactory shunt has a ratio> 0.65. It follows, therefore, the following characteristic feature c) of the device:

c) A decrease in the hysteresis of the end part and a Improvement of the shunt.

2-23792

- 12 -

To achieve such a puncture of the facility, two magnetic thresholds are used, their characteristic features and advantages in the following on one non-limiting example and is explained in more detail in connection with the figures.

Fig. 1 shows the electrical circuit of an inventive static relay / which is supplied with alternating current;

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the

Operating arrangement of the magnetic used in the wiring diagram of FIG Threshold;

Fig. 3 shows a detailed representation of the

Wiring diagram of the 20 kHz generator, which is used in the static relay shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 4 shows a detailed representation of the arrangement of the semi-active 50 kHz filter which is used in the static relay shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 5 shows in schematic form the control signals / occurring on the static relay of FIG.

As an introduction to the detailed examination of the. Fig. 1 illustrated static relay is initially the magnetic threshold shown in Fig. 2 in general explained.

When looking at Fig. 2, the impression arises that In the magnetic threshold 101 the permanent magnet 2 the output transformer 3 saturates because as a result of the presence of the air gap 5, the flux of the permanent magnet 2 does not pass through the core 104 of the electromagnet 4 can.

When a current flows through the electromagnet 4 in one direction that with respect to the polarity of the permanent magnet 2 a reversed magnetic polarity arises, and when the current has an intensity that part of the magnetic flux is branched off, the output transformer 3 is controlled, whereby between the primary winding 103 and the secondary winding 203 a small amount of energy can flow.

When the current of the electromagnet 4 increases, the energy transmitted to the output 203 of the transformer 3 increases until at a predetermined value of the control current through the winding 204 of the electromagnet 4 of the transformer 3 is completely desaturated and all at the input frequency available energy is transmitted to the output 203. Usually the input frequency is 20 kHz,

In the case of control currents that are greater than a further value, the electromagnet 4 starts the core of the transformer 3 to saturate and therefore the energy transferred to the output of the secondary winding 203 is reduced even further.

The slope of the characteristic curve of the magnetic threshold 101, i.e. the curve produced by the transformer 3 expresses transmitted power as a function of the excitation current of the electromagnet 4, depends essentially on the intensity of the flux of the permanent magnet 2 and on the width of the air gap 5.

In terms of the reliability of its action, the magnetic threshold 101 has the following features:

1. The change in the operating behavior of the permanent magnet 2 in connection with a temperature change is small and the probability / that the permanent magnet 2 is demagnetized is excluded / because it is re-energized every time when the electromagnet 4 of the Current flows that is required for the operation of the facility.

2. The output transformer 3 has two ferrite cores 303, 403 which are arranged separately from one another. The primary winding is divided into two halves 6 and 7, one in opposite directions, one around the core 303 and the other around the core 403 are wound. The secondary winding similarly consists of two halves 8 and 9 wound on the core 303 and core 403 in opposite directions, respectively.

Therefore, if the primary winding 6, 7 lacks energy, any change in flux through the transformer 3 produces the is promoted by alternating currents flowing through the winding 204 of the electromagnet 4, no output signals on the secondary winding 203.

If a sufficiently high frequency, such as a frequency of 20 kHz, is assumed for energy transmission becomes, the magnetic threshold 101 has a rather reduced size.

It is repeatedly stated that a magnetic threshold has the following two main characteristic features:

1. When a signal is applied to the secondary winding 203 of the output

output transformer 3 is applied / are at the same time a signal on the primary winding 103 and a signal on the Control solenoid 4 on. The threshold therefore acts like a logical circuit of a magnetic AND gate.

2. The transfer of energy to output 203 continues only with a given, well-defined and reliable value that differs from zero, des Control current through the electromagnet 4, more precisely through its excitation winding 204, a. The slope of the characteristic curve is clearly determined, apart from slight deviations due to the temperature.

After the description of the magnetic threshold 101 becomes now the static relay according to the invention fed with alternating current in connection with that shown in FIG electrical circuit described.

From the track circuit 10, the track voltage V is applied to the primary winding of the receiving transformer 11, the secondary winding of which feeds the magnetic threshold 101 via the rectifier 12.

The magnetic threshold 101 determines together with the End relay 13 controls the excitation and de-excitation level of this relay and enables the de-excitation ratio to be increased of the relay.

When the amount of energy consumed by a relay powered by direct current and the state of the highest transmission from the generator to the load are known, the optimal values for the resistor R1 that are required to avoid short-circuiting the 20 kHz generator 14 and for the turns ratio in the output transformer 3 determined.

In this way it is possible to dimension the size of the permanent magnet 2 so that it is by a power can be neutralized at the electromagnet 4, which in the worst load conditions is not greater than half a watt is.

The 20 kHz generator 14 is shown in detail in FIG.

As can be seen from this FIG. 3, there is the generator 14 from two parts 114 and 214 connected in series.

The -114 part works at the signal level and will only then fed when the track voltage has a frequency and a phase that are in the desired values. This is the basic principle of the facility.

The part 214 of the generator is selective by a 20 kHz amplifier, which has no natural oscillations because it is only tuned at the collector, and four transistors 16, 17 and 18, 19 are formed, which only deliver the required current.

The 20 kHz filter, which is labeled 20, is required to control the frequency generated in part 114, Indeed, the voltage across the secondary winding of the output transformer 3 would become the magnetic threshold 101 increase if the generated frequency would increase as a result of a disturbance, which with regard to safe working practices would have bad effects.

At the same time, the track voltage V is via a step-down transformer 22, which has a capacitance 23 on its primary winding, which acts as a phase regulator because it leads the track voltage V with respect to the local voltage V _T to the point indicated by reference numeral 21

Xj

designated semi-active 50 Hz filter applied.

The optocoupler 24 has a photodiode 124, the is fed from the output of the transformer 22. The light from the photodiode 124 excites a photoelectric Transistor 224 which supplies an alternating current of constant amplitude and frequency equal to the frequency of the input alternating current supplies.

With such a coupler, one cell L, C / 25, 26 is sufficient; 4) in order to achieve effective filtering, the coils having a high figure of merit Q = 15 7 20 got to. A filter consisting of two cells, one in series and the other in parallel would, although it would have the advantage of higher selectivity and better waveform, a smaller one Degree of security due to the fact that any possible decrease in one of the capacities the operation of the device would not prevent and a double-tuned filter with an uncontrolled one Widening the bandwidth of the filter as a whole would produce it because it is not a significant amount of active Must supply energy.

The output voltage of the 50 Hz filter labeled 21 is leading with respect to the input voltage and controls a transistor 27 acting as a switch. In this way, in accordance with the positive and negative

tive end faces or planks of the existing at the terminals of the resistor 28 rectangular wave a number of very short pulses at the output transformer 29 of the magnetic threshold 30 of the phase comparator generates / has the task of establishing the phase relationship between the track voltage V and the local voltage V to check.

As a result, at the zero level of the track voltage V, pulses are generated and these pulses, which are amplified by the transistor 131, are transmitted to feed the first part 114 of the 20 kHz generator 14. However, this takes place under the condition that it does not occur, for example, before 5 milliseconds and not after 7 milliseconds from the beginning of the negative half-cycle of the local voltage V ₃ . be generated.

Due to the impulse amplification, only the positive impulses are important. There is therefore a certain limitation the phase of both voltages and there is a time delay of 2 milliseconds in the above data corresponding to a "phase transfer band" of about 36 °.

For this reason, the end relay 13 is only excited when the track voltage V leads with respect to the local voltage V _L by an angle, for example in a range between 100 ° and 64 ° or between 90 ° and 54 ° or somehow between others Intervals of the same length, which depends on the particular point in time at which the loss of time is caused, which means that the threshold is released or triggered.

The control circuit 31 of the electromagnet 32 for driving the magnetic threshold 30 is now examined. In this Circuit the part / which is used to trigger the silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) 33 can only have a positive one Deliver impulse to the inside of the negative half-wave of the local voltage V.

In fact, the transistor 34 is saturated during the positive half cycle and the voltage V i is at the terminals the local capacitor Cl has a zero level, whereas the transistor during the negative half cycle 34 is blocked and the local capacitor Cl via the resistors 35 and 36 can be charged.

When the voltage V_, at the terminals of the local capacitor Cl is equal to the sum of the voltage V _{n of} the Zener diode 37 and the base extter voltage V, of the transistor 38, this transistor saturates and generates a positive pulse on the secondary winding 139 of the transformer 39 for switching on the silicon-controlled rectifier 33. This rectifier therefore enters its conductive state, so that a direct current flows through the load resistor 40. The previously charged threshold capacitor 41 can now be discharged via the winding t32 of the threshold 32 and via the rectifier 33, while it can be charged in the opposite direction as a result of the LC circuit and the separation of the base of the controlled rectifier 33 from ground.

The threshold current I now tends to flow in the opposite direction to the previous direction and to the current of the load 40 flowing in one direction. When these two currents are balanced, will

the silicon-controlled rectifier 33 is switched off and the threshold capacitance 41 is via the load resistance 40 loaded according to the exponential law.

Typically the positive half cycle of the threshold current is I about 2 milliseconds, s

As far as security is concerned, it is believed that safe operation only for the circuit for turning off the controlled rectifier 33 and not for the trigger circuit is required.

In fact, it is sufficient that the half oscillation of the unit L-C (132, 41), which is parallel to connected to the silicon-controlled rectifier 33, the time delay caused is no longer and it is known that the dummy elements can only decrease.

The continuous supply of the silicon-controlled rectifier 33 cannot in any case have an effect on the threshold which is released or triggered by a current in the opposite direction. If, as a result of the breakdown of any component of the rectifier 33, the entire AC voltage of the network were to _{flow through the unit R 9} -LC (40, 132, 41), the flowing current would be completely insufficient due to the resistor 40 and the impedance of the unit LC the threshold

trigger. The malfunction of the other components of the facility can easily be detected. The increase or The decrease in local tension causes very small effects, because the duration of the half-oscillation is not dependent on this Voltage is dependent.

The value of this voltage is selected, however, so that sufficiently steep pulses I are generated, where « the threshold is triggered immediately and completely.

If a transformer is to be used to replace the entire unit for generating the local comparator pulses, its operating behavior during the positive half-wave of the alternating current would be of poor quality due to the trigger characteristic of the not steep threshold and could also be much more due to the amplitude the local voltage V ₁ can be influenced.

As for the circuit to trigger the silicon-controlled rectifier 33 is concerned, the change in the reverse voltage of the Zener diodes 37, 42 or a change in the time constants R-C (40, 41) have the sole result that the particular point in time at which the silicon-controlled Rectifier 33 is turned on, is shifted. As stated earlier, this is for security not disadvantageous, because with a relay fed by direct current the fact of the generation of the phase-time delay of about 5 milliseconds (1/4 of a period) from the beginning of the negative voltage of the local voltage V-,, can be considered only arbitrarily.

To increase the security of the system, a capacitor C (43) with four connections can be connected to the 24 V DC power supply provided so that the ripple in no way interferes with the feed (possibly a negative supply) 'of the generator, as a result of a short circuit of the transistor 131 (Q3) can.

- 23 -

The sequence of the threshold value signals can be seen from the diagram shown in the figure.

The present invention is not restricted to the embodiment described by way of example. It can be in one broadly modified and modified depending on the numerous requirements of each individual case will.

The invention relates to a static track relay (1) / which is fed with alternating current to an electromechanical To drive end relay (13), which is operated by a controlled 20 kHz generator (14).

The static relay consists of a device in the form of a circle for controlling the output signal of the generator for the electro-mechanical relay

(13) as a function of the track signal and its voltage, its frequency and its phase interrelationships the local reference signal.

The device mainly consists of a phase comparator (31) for the controlled supply of the generator

(14) according to the main condition that any deviation of the frequency and phase of the track signal from the local Reference signal lies in specified values.

The phase comparator (13) controls the 20 kHz generator (14) via a first magnetic threshold or a magnetic one AND gate (30) as a function of the track signal, which is supplied via a semi-active 50 Hz filter (21) which supplies an output alternating current of a constant amplitude and / or a frequency which is the same the track signal is.

The output of the 20 kHz generator (14) to the electromechanical end relay (13) depends on a second magnetic AND threshold (101), in connection with the end relay itself, the excitation level and the de-excitation level this relay and therefore the correlative, corresponding increase in the de-excitation ratio is determined.

The phase comparator (31), which is effectively assigned to the correlative semi-active filter (21) for the track signal is, reduces the sensitivity of the static relay (1) to any noise frequency down to a level which is below the level of only the disk relay. This is borne out by the fact brings about that the operating range of the static relay (1) is placed in a band that is not wider than 10Hz. More specifically, the operating range is set in the 50 Hz + 5 Hz band.

The "phase transfer band" of voltage (V) with respect to voltage (V-) in which the regular operation of the Relay takes place, has a value from 30 "to 35 °, or a higher value, depending on the changes in the phase angle in relation to the ballast conditions.

Claims (18)

Patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. H. ^ ^Käo4MÄTm: OiPLr-PiiY * s. Dr. K. Fincke Dipl.-Ing. RA ₁ VeICKMANN) Dipl.-Chem. B. Huber Dr.-Ing. H. Liska 8000 MUNICH £ 5 «JUfil 1982 PO Box 860 820 MDHLSTRASSE 22 TELEPHONE (089) 980352 TELEX 5 22 621 TELEGRAM PATENTWEICKMANN MÖNCHEN SASIB S.p.A./ 87/89, Via di Corticella, Bologna, Italy Static track relay Claims "il Static track relay powered by alternating current and is used to drive an electromagnetic end relay, which is operated by a 20 kHz-controlled generator is switched, characterized in that the track relay has a device in the form of a circle for Control of the output of the generator (14) as a puncture of the track signal and its voltage frequency and Has phase relationships to the local reference signal (V_), and that the device mainly consists of one Phase comparator (31) for driving the generator (14) corresponding to the condition that any deviation of the frequency and phase of the track signal from the reference signal is within predetermined values. 2. Relay according to claim 1, for driving an electromechanical End relay within a given frequency and phase values of the track signal with respect to the reference signal / characterized in that the phase comparator (31) the 20 kHz generator via a first magnetic threshold (30) or a magnetic AND gate accordingly controls the track signal, which is supplied via a semi-active 50 Hz filter (21), the output of which is a Alternating current supplies a constant amplitude and a frequency which is equal to the frequency of the track signal (V) is. 3. Track relay for the conditional drive of an electromechanical end relay within predetermined frequency and phase values of the track signal with respect to the reference signal according to claim 2, characterized in that the output of the 20 kHz generator (1 ⁴ ^ to the electromechanical Ead relay (13) from a second magnetic AND threshold (101) is dependent, and that the second magnetic threshold (101) together with the end relay (13) determines the de-excitation - vend excitation level of this relay and therefore also the correlated corresponding increase in the de-excitation ratio. 4. Track relay according to claim 3, characterized in that the phase comparator (31) which is effective in the interrelation standing semi-active filter (21) for the track signal (V) is assigned to the sensitivity of the static relay (1) with respect to any noise frequency up to a level below the level of the Disk relay is / is lowered by the fact that the operating range of the static relay (1) is in a frequency response band is placed / which is not wider than 10 Hz and which, more precisely, is 50 j * 5 Hz. 5. Track relay according to claim 3, characterized in that that each magnetic threshold (30, 101) or each magnetic AND gate has a permanent magnet (2), to which an output transformer (3) and a drive electromagnet (4) are magnetically coupled with an air gap (5) are, and that the permanent magnet (2) normally saturates the transformer (3) / during a gradual Driving the electromagnet (4) that does not match the permanent magnet / the transformer up to a maximum degree of transfer of energy and therefore triggers up to a possible blocking of the transformer in the opposite direction / which leads to a decrease in the hysteresis of the electromechanical end relay and a consequent shunt improvement that normally only achievable with a de-excitation ratio that is compared to a de-excitation ratio of a normal relay that is not greater than 0.60 is not less than 0.65. 6. Track relay according to claim. 1, characterized in that that a phase pass band or transmission band is provided, for example in the interval from 30 ° to 35 ° that is sufficiently narrow to avoid the de-excitation of the device, which is caused only by gravity Electromechanical relay included as an end part without compensating for a negative return torque. 7. Track relay according to claim 3, characterized / that in each magnetic threshold (30, 101) the output transformer (3) has two ferrite cores (6,7), which are magnetically separated from each other, that the primary winding (103) and the secondary winding (203) of the transformer (3) each with one half on the first core and wound with the other half in opposite directions on the second core are, so that in the event of a fault in the input power to the primary winding of the transformer (3) any Flux change generated in the transformer cores (6,7) by alternating currents flowing through the drive electromagnet (4) no output signal is generated on the secondary winding of the transformer (3). 8. Track relay according to claim 3, characterized in that in each magnetic threshold contained in the relay (30, 101) or in each magnetic AND gate an output signal for the secondary winding of the correlated standing transformer is generated when a voltage to be applied to the primary winding of the transformer Signal and a control signal at the associated drive electromagnet are present at the same time, and that the transfer of energy to the output of the transformer only,. . ., with a well-defined and certain value of the control current, which differs from zero, is introduced, while the slope of the characteristic Curve of the threshold is clear apart from any slight deviations due to temperature changes is defined. 9. Track relay according to claim 1, characterized in that a high frequency generator, in particular a 20 kHz generator (14) is provided to supply the electromechanical end relay via the magnetic threshold, . .322,3732 whereby a correlated and proportionate reduction in proportions of the components of the threshold is reached. 10. Track relay according to claim 9, characterized in that that the 20 kHz generator (14) sends a first as a signal active area (114) and a second selective amplifier area (214) / that the first area (114) driven by the local signal (V) via the phase comparator (31) and the associated magnetic threshold ('3O) is / which is controlled by the track signal (V) via the semi-active filter (21) / and that this filter (21) is assigned to a capacitor for phase regulation / so that the area acting as a signal (114) is only fed / if the track signal has a frequency and a phase in relation to a local reference signal has within the desired predetermined values. 11. Track relay according to claim 10 / characterized / that the second area (214) of the 20 kHz generator (14) is formed by a selective amplifier with a 20 kHz tuning filter / that the amplifier at the collector is tuned / whereby any self-oscillation is avoided, and that the 20 kHz tuning filter for control the frequency generated by the first range (114) of the generator (14) is provided / around any impermissible Voltage rise at the output transformer (3) of the magnetic threshold as a result of an abnormal To prevent the generator from increasing in frequency. 12. Track relay according to claim 2, characterized in that that the semi-active 50 Hz filter (21) the track voltage (V) via a step-down transformer and a capacitance to regulate the phase of the track signal with respect to receives the reference signal that the semi-active filter (21) comprises a transducer (24) in the form of a photocoupler, holding an alternating current of constant amplitude and frequency equal to the frequency of the alternating current input to a filter comprising a single cell (LC) with a coil having a high figure of merit (Q = 15f20). 13. Track relay according to claim 12, characterized in that that the output signal from the semi-active 50 Hz filter, that leads with respect to the input voltage over the Output transformer of the magnetic threshold of the phase comparator s is sent to a transistor switch depending on the DC power supply for the 50 Hz generator from the allowed delay of the comparator to control, which controls the electromagnet the magnetic threshold drives. 14. Track relay according to claim 13, characterized in that the pulses at the output transformer of the magnetic Threshold (30) between the semi-active 50 Hz filter (21) and the phase comparator (31) at a zero level the track voltage and to drive the power source for the first range of the 20kHz generator are supplied that the comparator sets the state that the pulses in a predetermined time interval the period of the local voltage, for example in a time interval that is 5 milliseconds before Beginning up to 7 milliseconds after the beginning of the negative half-wave of the local voltage ranges, fall, and that at such an interval there is a time delay of 2 milliseconds corresponding to a phase transmission band of about 36 °. 3 2 2.3 TS2 15. Track relay according to claim 14, characterized in that at a predetermined correlation between the Components of the phase comparator the electro-mechanical The end relay is only excited / when the track voltage leads by an angle with respect to the local voltage, between 100 ° and 64 ° or between 90 ° and 54 ° or between other intervals of the same width, depending on the particular point in time at which the time delay begins, i.e. at which the magnetic threshold is triggered. 16. Track relay according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase comparator (31) is a silicon-controlled Has rectifier circuit, which has a transformer with a multiple secondary winding through a local Voltage of 80V and 50 Hz is fed that the rectifier only sends a positive pulse to the 'inside of the negative Half-wave of the local voltage supplies, and that the pulse output is accomplished by a transistor switch which is controlled by successive charging and discharging of a local signal capacitor will. 17. Track relay according to claim 16, characterized in that in the same phase comparator circuit when the voltage at the connections of the local capacitor equal to the sum of the voltage of a Zener diode and the base emitter drive voltage of an impulse transistor is, this transistor is saturated, and a positive pulse the secondary winding of the transformer to turn on the silicon-controlled rectifier produces that the Silicon-controlled .e rectifier goes into its conductive state and causes a current to flow through the in Interrelated charge resistance flows, where- by allowing the series connected capacitor to connect to the winding of the threshold controlling Electromagnet and over the silicon-controlled rectifier discharges, and that the capacitor eventually is charged in the opposite direction due to the inductance and the LC capacitance branch and the separation of the silicon-controlled rectifier from ground. 18. Track relay, which is fed by an alternating current, characterized in that there are two magnetic Thresholds or magnetic AND gates and a voltage comparator for "phase transfer band" operation, with the track relay for the purposes indicated is constructed entirely or in part essentially as shown and described.