DE3220147C1 - Measuring probe and a method for determining the charge state of an accumulator - Google Patents

Measuring probe and a method for determining the charge state of an accumulator

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Publication number
DE3220147C1
DE3220147C1 DE3220147A DE3220147A DE3220147C1 DE 3220147 C1 DE3220147 C1 DE 3220147C1 DE 3220147 A DE3220147 A DE 3220147A DE 3220147 A DE3220147 A DE 3220147A DE 3220147 C1 DE3220147 C1 DE 3220147C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
accumulator
electrodes
charge
state
electrolyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE3220147A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Frank-W. Dr.Rer.Nat. Bothe
Uwe 3422 Bad Lauterberg Brille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deta Akkumulatorenwerk GmbH
Original Assignee
Deta Akkumulatorenwerk GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deta Akkumulatorenwerk GmbH filed Critical Deta Akkumulatorenwerk GmbH
Priority to DE3220147A priority Critical patent/DE3220147C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3220147C1 publication Critical patent/DE3220147C1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/484Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

It is possible to determine the charge state of an accumulator, especially of a lead-acid accumulator, by measuring its no-load voltage when the no-load voltage is measured on a mini-cell which is located in the electrolytes of the accumulator and has two electrodes (5, 6) having the material of the positive and negative plates of the accumulator. <IMAGE>

Description

Fig.2 verdeutlicht die Anordnung der in den Elektrolyten 11 eines Akkumulators 12 ragenden Gehäuse 1 der Meßsonde. Von dem Akkumulator sind schematisch zwei Anschlußpole 13 sowie ein Stopfen 14 dargestellt Über das Verbindungskabel 2 ist die Meßsonde mit einem hochohmigen Spannungsmeßgerät 15 verbunden, an dem die durch die beiden Elektroden 5, 6 gemessene Leerlaufspannung ablesbar ist. Die angezeigte Leerlaufspannung stellt ein Maß für den Batteriezustand dar. Fig.2 illustrates the arrangement of the in the electrolyte 11 of a Accumulator 12 protruding housing 1 of the measuring probe. Of the accumulator are schematic two connection poles 13 and a plug 14 shown over the connecting cable 2 is the Measuring probe connected to a high-resistance voltmeter 15, on which the open circuit voltage measured by the two electrodes 5, 6 can be read off is. The displayed open circuit voltage is a measure of the battery condition.

- Leerseite -- blank page -

Claims (1)

Patentanspruchel 1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ladezustands eines Akkumulators (12), insbesondere eines Bleiakkumulators, durch Messung seiner Ruhespannung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ruhespannung an einer in dem Elektrolyten (11) des Akkumulators (12) befindlichen Minizelle gemessen wird, die zwei Elektroden (5,6) mit dem Material der positiven und negativen Platten des Akkumulators (12) aufweist 2. Meßsonde zur Bestimmung des Ladezustands eines Akkumulators (12), insbesondere eines Bleiakkumulators, mit zwei Elektroden (5, 6), die zum Eintauchen in den Elektrolyten (11) des Akkumulators (12) während der Messung bestimmt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Elektroden (5,6) aus dem Material der positiven und negativen Platten des Akkumulators (12) gebildet sind. Claim 1. A method for determining the state of charge of a Accumulator (12), in particular a lead accumulator, by measuring its open circuit voltage, characterized in that the open circuit voltage is applied to one in the electrolyte (11) of the Accumulator (12) located mini cell is measured, the two electrodes (5,6) with the material of the positive and negative plates of the accumulator (12) 2. Measuring probe for determining the state of charge of an accumulator (12), in particular of a lead accumulator, with two electrodes (5, 6), which are to be immersed in the electrolyte (11) of the accumulator (12) are determined during the measurement, characterized in that that the two electrodes (5,6) made of the material of the positive and negative plates of the accumulator (12) are formed. 3. Meßsonde nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit dem Elektrolyten (li) in Berührung kommende Oberfläche (10) der Elektroden (5, 6) sehr klein gegenüber der Oberfläche der Platten des Akkumulators (12) sind Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ladezustands eines Akkumulators, insbesondere eines Bleiakkumulators, durch Messung semer Ruhespannung. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Meßsonde zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. 3. Measuring probe according to claim 2, characterized in that the with the surface (10) of the electrodes (5, 6) coming into contact with the electrolyte (li) The invention is very small compared to the surface of the plates of the accumulator (12) relates to a method for determining the state of charge of a rechargeable battery, in particular of a lead accumulator, by measuring its open-circuit voltage. The invention relates to furthermore a measuring probe for carrying out the method. Ein kontinuierlich bestehendes Problem bei der Verwendung von Akkumulatoren besteht darin, den gegenwärtigen Ladezustand des Akkumulators zu ermitteln. Dies gilt prinzipiell sowohl für Starter- als auch für Antriebsakkumulatoren, ist jedoch für Antriebsakkumulatoren von noch wesentlicherer Bedeutung. Ein besonderes Bedürfnis besteht daher fur die Bestimmung des Ladezustands von Bleiakkumulatoren, da Antriebsakkumulatoren ganz überwiegend Bleiakkumulatoren sind. A continuing problem with the use of accumulators consists in determining the current state of charge of the accumulator. this applies in principle to both starter and drive accumulators, but is for drive accumulators of even more essential importance. A special need therefore exists for the determination of the state of charge of lead-acid batteries, as drive batteries are predominantly lead-acid batteries. Es sind verschiedene Verfahren bekannt, den Ladezustand eines Akkumulators zu bestimmen. Hierzu gehört die Probennahme mit einem Areometer zur Bestimmung der Säuredichte des Akkumulators. Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch sehr zeitaufwendig und umständlich, da immer eine Probe des Elektrolyten entnommen werden muß. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr der Verunreinigung des Elektrolyten. Dieses Verfahren kommt darüber hinaus~nicht für eine kontinuierliche Überwachung des Ladezustands. Various methods are known, the state of charge of a battery to determine. This includes sampling with an areometer to determine the Acid density of the accumulator. However, this method is very time consuming and inconvenient, since a sample of the electrolyte always has to be taken. aside from that there is a risk of contamination of the electrolyte. This procedure comes about in addition ~ not for continuous monitoring of the state of charge. Es ist bekannt, daß die Ruhespannung des Aldnunula tors zuverlässig über den Ladezustand des Akkumulators Auskunft gibt Diese Erkenntnis ist in der Praxis jedoch nicht verwertbar, weil der Akkumulator eine sehr lange Zeit unbelastet sein muß, um die Ruhespannung zu erreichen. Da an den Akkumulatorplatten Gasungserscheinungen auftreten können, sind Zeiträu me in der Größenordnung eines Tages erforderlich, um den Gleichgewichtszustand im Akkumulator herzustellen und seine Leerlaufspannung messen zu können Selbst dann ist jedoch eine zuverlässige Messung im allgemeinen nicht möglich, da eine genaue Bestimmung der Leerlaufspannung durch -Brückenbildung zwischen den Platten und ähnlichen Vorgängen, insbesondere bei älteren Akkumulatoren, die Messung stören. It is known that the rest voltage of the Aldnunula sector is reliable provides information about the state of charge of the accumulator This knowledge is in the However, it cannot be used in practice because the accumulator is unloaded for a very long time must be in order to reach the rest voltage. Since there are gassing phenomena on the accumulator plates can occur, periods of the order of magnitude of a day are required to establish the state of equilibrium in the accumulator and its open circuit voltage However, even then, being able to measure is generally a reliable measurement not possible, as the no-load voltage can be precisely determined by bridging between the plates and similar processes, especially with older batteries, interfere with the measurement. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Meßsonde der eingangs erwähnten Art zu erstellen, mit denen die Bestimmung des Ladezustands des Akkumulators in einfacher Weise in kurzer Zeit möglich ist Die Erfindung wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gelöst, daß die Ruhespannung an einer in dem Elektrolyten des Akkumulators befindlichen Minizelle gemessen wird, die zwei Elektroden mit dem Material der positiven und negativen Platten des Akkumulators aufweist Erfindungsgemäß wird daher eine bisher in der Praxis nicht realisierbare Messung der Leerlaufspannung dadurch vorgenommen, daß in den Elektrolyten eine Minizelle des Akkumulators eingeführt wird, die aufgrund ihrer kleinen Elektrodenoberflächen in dem Elektrolyten einen schnellen Gleichgewichtszustand einnimmt und somit eine schnelle Bestimmung der Leerlaufspannung, die von der Säuredichte abhängig ist, ermöglicht Ersichtlich kann die Minizelle probenweise in den Akkumulator eingeführt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, derartige Minizellen ständig im Akkumulator zu belassen, um eine kontinuierliche Überwachung des Ladezustands des Akkumulators zu ermöglichen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch eine Pb-PbOrMinizelle mit im Vergleich zu den Akkumulatorplatten sehr kleinen Oberflächen der Elektroden eine zuverlässige und schnelle Bestimmung des Ladezustands möglich ist Die erwähnte Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch eine Meßsonde gelöst, deren beide Elektroden aus dem Material der positiven und negativen Platten des Akkumulators gebildet sind. Wie erwähnt, kann die Meßsonde probenweise in den Elektrolyten des Akkumulators eingetaucht werden, aber auch kontinuierlich in den Akkumulator eintauchen, indem beispielsweise die Meßsonde an einem Verschlußstopfen des Akkumulators befestigt ist Da die Minizelle bzw. Meßsonde nicht durch Verbraucher belastet wird, treten an ihren Elektroden die Verschleißerscheinungen bzw. Gasungserscheinungen nicht auf. The invention is based on the object of a method and a To create measuring probe of the type mentioned, with which the determination of the state of charge of the accumulator is possible in a simple manner in a short time. The invention is solved in a method of the type mentioned in that the rest voltage is measured on a mini cell located in the electrolyte of the accumulator, the two electrodes with the material of the positive and negative plates of the accumulator According to the invention, therefore, one that has not yet been possible in practice Measurement of the open circuit voltage made by placing a mini cell in the electrolyte of the accumulator is introduced due to their small electrode surfaces assumes a rapid state of equilibrium in the electrolyte and thus a fast determination of the open circuit voltage, which depends on the acid density, It can be seen that the mini-cell can be introduced into the accumulator in samples will. But it is also possible to keep mini cells of this type in the accumulator at all times leave to continuously monitor the charge level of the accumulator to enable. It has been shown that a Pb-PbOr mini cell compared with a reliable electrode surface area compared to the accumulator plates and quick determination of the state of charge is possible. The mentioned task is still possible solved by a measuring probe, the two electrodes of which are made of the material of the positive and negative plates of the accumulator are formed. As mentioned, the measuring probe be immersed in the electrolyte of the accumulator in samples, but also continuously Immerse in the accumulator, for example by attaching the measuring probe to a sealing plug of the accumulator is attached Since the mini cell or measuring probe is not used by consumers is stressed, the signs of wear or gassing appear on their electrodes not on. Die Erfindung soll im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden Es zeigt Fi g. 1 - einen Schnitt durch eine Meßsonde, F i g. 2 - eine schematische Darstellung der Meßanordnung mit der Meßsonde aus F i g. 1. The invention is illustrated below with reference to one shown in the drawing Exemplary embodiment will be explained in more detail. It shows Fi g. 1 - a cut through a measuring probe, F i g. 2 - a schematic representation of the measuring arrangement with the Measuring probe from FIG. 1. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Meßsonde weist ein Kunststoffgehäuse t auf, in das von oben ein elektrisches Kabel 2 mit zwei Adern 3, 4 eingeführt ist Die beiden Adern 3, 4 sind in dem Gehäuse mit zwei Elektroden 5, 6 verbunden, von denen die eine aus Blei (Pb) und die andere aus Bleioxyd (PbO2) besteht Die beiden Elektroden 5, 6 sind durch eine Isolation 7 voneinander getrennt Die Elektroden 5, 6 die Anschlußadern 3, 4 sowie der in das Gehäuse 1 ragende Teil des Anschlußkabels 2 sind in dem Gehäuse durch Gießharz 8 vergossen. Das Gehäuse 1 weist am unteren Ende zwei gegenüberliegende Fenster 9 auf, die eine kleine Oberfläche 10 der beiden Elektroden 5, 6 freilegen. Mit diesen kleinen Oberflächen 10 kommen die Elektroden 5, 6 mit dem Elektrolyten in dem Akkumulator in Berührung. The probe shown in Fig. 1 has a plastic housing t on, in which an electrical cable 2 with two wires 3, 4 is inserted from above The two wires 3, 4 are connected to two electrodes 5, 6 in the housing one made of lead (Pb) and the other made of lead oxide (PbO2) The two Electrodes 5, 6 are separated from one another by insulation 7. The electrodes 5, 6 the connecting wires 3, 4 and the part of the connecting cable protruding into the housing 1 2 are cast in the housing by casting resin 8. The housing 1 has at the bottom End two opposite windows 9, which have a small surface 10 of the two Expose electrodes 5, 6. With these small surfaces 10 come the electrodes 5, 6 in contact with the electrolyte in the accumulator.
DE3220147A 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Measuring probe and a method for determining the charge state of an accumulator Expired DE3220147C1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3220147A DE3220147C1 (en) 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Measuring probe and a method for determining the charge state of an accumulator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3220147A DE3220147C1 (en) 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Measuring probe and a method for determining the charge state of an accumulator

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Publication Number Publication Date
DE3220147C1 true DE3220147C1 (en) 1983-10-20

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0433998A1 (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-26 BAILEY ESACONTROL S.p.A. Solid state sensors for measuring the charge of lead acid batteries
EP0807826A2 (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-19 Intra Development A/S Pilot cell for a battery
DE19751126A1 (en) * 1997-06-08 1999-05-27 Winsel August Prof Dr Rer Nat Charge status display for lead batteries
EP1223633A1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-17 Franco Stocchiero Electrolyte solution level gauge for electrolytic cells and/or batteries

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NICHTS-ERMITTELT *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0433998A1 (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-26 BAILEY ESACONTROL S.p.A. Solid state sensors for measuring the charge of lead acid batteries
EP0807826A2 (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-19 Intra Development A/S Pilot cell for a battery
EP0807826A3 (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-12-10 Intra Development A/S Pilot cell for a battery
DE19751126A1 (en) * 1997-06-08 1999-05-27 Winsel August Prof Dr Rer Nat Charge status display for lead batteries
DE19751126C2 (en) * 1997-06-08 2002-11-28 August Winsel Charge status display for lead batteries
EP1223633A1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-17 Franco Stocchiero Electrolyte solution level gauge for electrolytic cells and/or batteries

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