DE3212986A1 - Method and device for the operation of an internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Powdered, slow-burning explosive substance is metered into the combustion chamber (17) of an internal-combustion engine from an intermediate hopper (23) through a pressure-tight sluice with a sluice sleeve (5) and sluice shaft (6) in addition to its sluice chamber (62) by means of a feed conveyor (9). The sluice shaft (6) is driven by the output of the internal-combustion engine and can drive the feed conveyor (9) by way of an infinitely variable transmission (11). Outside the sluice (5, 6), in the event of ignition the explosive substance can detonate largely unimpeded through a large-area aperture (24). Sluice shaft (6) and sluice sleeve (5) are cooled by compressed air. In mixed operation, at least the idling power can be obtained by conventional fuel and the explosive substance serves to increase the power. It can replace energy sources such as oil, natural gas and uranium, at least to a limited extent. <IMAGE>

Description

April 6, 1982 3 27 R 2588 VNR .: 100 986

Method and device for operating an internal combustion engine

The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine with at least one combustion chamber, the Fuel is supplied and burned there with output.

With conventional procedures of this kind, quite different ones come about Fuels for the application, which for the respective internal combustion engine according to heat value, price and compatibility can be selected with the process or the system or machine operated. This can mean the importance of each Factors are subject to considerable fluctuations.

Because of the better controllability, especially in piston engines, however, liquid and gaseous fuels are also preferred for turbine engines. Supplied in solid form Fuels such as coal dust can be handled and burned with great safety, but controllability causes greater difficulties, the power yield is usually low and the manufacturing cost per power unit correspondingly large.

In large power generation plants are conventional in recent times Internal combustion engines replaced to a greater extent by nuclear power plants, which with moderate controllability a very great energy yield with sufficiently economical operation drive, but entail great dangers and therefore constant, extremely thorough and complex Make monitoring necessary. Because oil, natural gas

and also nuclear fuels only in certain parts of the world Soil are extracted and usually have to be brought to their destination over long distances, it is easy possible that due to natural disasters, armed conflicts or the like. The transport is blocked and thus the energy supply is cut off.

The invention therefore pursues the task of hitherto less noticed combustion energy sources, which are made up of various other Extraction sites originate and can be produced directly in many countries in the world for the operation of Use internal combustion engines and thereby improve the overall energy security.

To achieve this object, according to the invention, the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is made up of fuel at least small amounts of slowly burning explosives supplied.

Such explosives are sufficient in a wide variety of compositions, liquid or in solid components known. They usually consist of an energy supplier, an ignition and an accelerator and oxygen-emitting substances that allow operation without any air supply and ensure that in place the required amount of oxygen is also immediately available during combustion. Black powder is what it is consist of coal, especially charcoal, sulfur and potash nitrate. In solid form, for example, is Nytrocellulose or gun cotton is available in various physical designs, too liquid substances such as nytroglyceria. While the latter explosives burn down very quickly, they are now raging Means known to slow down the burning process. One can see the smoke formation as well as the proportion of it Eliminate residues to a large extent, and methods are also known to determine the composition of an explosive

especially to focus on its determination, for example, in such a way that the combustion gases are less aggressive and do not attack the surfaces of a valve that come into contact with them, or only attack them to a limited extent. These methods, which are primarily in the chemical field, affect the invention only marginally and must therefore will not be dealt with further here.

The use of explosives in connection with internal combustion engines is not entirely unknown. This is how different types of engines are made by igniting them with explosives filled starter capsules are set in motion. Although this has been done for decades, it has been the permanent one up to now Operation of an internal combustion engine with explosives carefully avoided. It doesn't fit into the imagination of one constantly operated machine that it is operated with a substance that practically tear this machine apart could. However, as the example of nuclear power shows, it is basically possible to use even more dangerous fuels to be used with sufficient operational reliability at least in larger systems. In fact, the Keeping the dangers with the available explosives much lower than with nuclear burning processes. It must only if there is adequate monitoring, precautions can be taken to prevent explosions in a closed room can only cover very limited quantities of explosives and that, on the other hand, no significant damage occurs, if, for whatever reason, the explosives kept in stock should be detonated.

This requirement can be met by using only small amounts of explosives in connection with a conventional fuel. For example, you can use a larger amount of diesel oil and a very large amount Bring in small amounts of liquid or other explosive material. In this way, machines can also be more or run in less slowly by using conventional,

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Not or only little explosive fuel such as gasoline, diesel oil, coke oven gas or natural gas starts and then to output adding small amounts of explosives as the proportion increases. This is basically the case with turbine engines just as possible as with piston engines. This way it is also ensured that the machine when adding of explosives already has ignition temperature and not when "drowning" during start-up, inadmissibly large amounts of explosives collect in the combustion chamber.

For the sake of greater security, it is currently preferred to use explosives in solid form, in particular as fine-grained ones Powder to feed. Since, for example, pulverized coal engines are known per se, this is essentially the case just about using igniters and oxygen-releasing agents to be added in a selectable or variable proportion in such a way that no unnecessary mechanical stress or overheating takes place and the burning rate is the structurally specified Adjusts the focal line of the machine, the fine grain known to reduce the burning rate.

It has proven to be useful to remove the explosives a task area connected to the atmosphere, largely unpressurized, upstream of one of the combustion chambers Feed input device. The input itself can be done without further ado, and the external one Due to its connection to the atmosphere, the feed room enables the fuel to explode outside the combustion chamber in the event of unexpected ignition.

In the case of machines operated in a clocked manner, such as piston engines, it is advisable to enter the amount of explosive in to dose a feed area separated from the combustion chamber and from there under a pressure-tight intermediate seal in ' to infiltrate the combustion chamber. It then only has to be ensured that the lock is opened once in each operating

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position against the combustion chamber pressure, the explosive is not overstressed during the introduction process and it also protects against overheating until it gets into the combustion chamber.

The explosives should be fed to the input device in an arbitrarily variable amount ^; ie you can use this amount of speed or power; regulate, although, for example, in mixed operation, the idle speed is achieved by a conventional fuel. ^;

The invention also relates to a device for operating an internal combustion engine with a combustion chamber and a Input device for inputting a powdered fuel, in particular for practicing the procedure described above. The input device has a powder lock with a lock element, one around an overhead opening, closed off in a pressure-tight manner, movable between a receiving position and an input position Lock chamber forms.

A to the lock chamber open towards the task object space should be free of pressure, are held tion with the atmosphere in conjunc- ·, about such that an upstream of the feed chamber reservoir or buffer having an opening tes at its upper part in the size of his Querschnit. Any overpressure formed in the event of an explosion can then largely freely be discharged through this opening into the atmosphere. Destructive forces acting on machine parts are thereby largely avoided. .

A feed conveyor that is largely pressure-free should be installed between the feed area and the storage area or intermediate storage. in particular are switched on at an arbitrarily controllable speed. Because of the speed of the feed conveyor can then be over the. in the

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Unit of time supplied amount of explosive the combustion capacity, and thereby control the power output of the machine.

It is particularly useful here if the feed conveyor by means of a transmission with, in particular, a continuously variable transmission ratio to an output element of the internal combustion engine is connected, d. H. the basic drive speed is determined by the respective speed of the machine is determined, and the actual drive speed of the infeed conveyor can be determined according to the reduction ratio Select. One can thus .by changing the gear ratio Increase and decrease speed and power.

According to another proposal, the feed conveyor is provided with an independently controllable motor drive such as an electric gear motor assigned. This design is technically easier to implement because of the low drive power and, like the drive, enables automatic control by means of a gearbox with continuously variable transmission according to somehow specified operating values such as engine speed, torque and the like.

The design of the feed conveyor is of particular importance to, which should generate only the lowest possible forces and is expediently formed by a screw conveyor is or has such.

A particular embodiment of the invention is characterized by the design of the lock element as im Machine cycle rotatable lock shaft, roller or disk, in which a radial recess forming the lock chamber is molded. In this way, the seal is first simplified on the circumferential surface of rotation, which as a rule is a cylindrical surface and can be manufactured with a very fine fit, even with changing temperature ranges to always allow adequate sealing. It

it goes without saying that additional sealing means are herarig.e- ' can be pulled. The most important thing is the sealing at the edge of the lock chamber, which is the case with a piston engine should be in connection with the combustion chamber at least in the ignition period, in the entire remaining area opposite it however must be completed.

The lock chamber can be designed in the manner of a pan with a dome-shaped arched bottom that is as smooth as possible be. In this way the detachment of the powder is promoted as well as that in the. Lock chamber reaching into it Burning process, regardless of whether the preferred internal ignition or external ignition is used. It understands that in internal combustion engines with several combustion chambers or in multi-cylinder engines in a common Lock shaft a separate lock chamber can be formed for each combustion chamber, the subsequent ignition of the individual cylinders are correspondingly offset from the adjacent chambers.

The lock shaft is expediently stored in a lock bushing that is held fixed to the machine, the two of the Lock chamber has associated openings, one of which is arranged as a feed chamber on the supply side at the top is, while the other, preferably arranged below opening is connected to the combustion chamber. At least the lock bushing, in particular the lock shaft, should be provided with coolant cavities and be connected to a coolant supply.

The drive of the feed conveyor is advantageously from derived from the lock shaft. So the screw conveyor and lock shaft can be arranged parallel to each other and between them-the gearbox with variable reduction ratio to be on. The faster the screw conveyor is, the more explosive it conveys for each work cycle. ^ .- "_ '·.

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It can also drive the valves from the lock shaft derived or this be coupled to a camshaft or even form this itself, so that the cams directly sit on the lock shaft.

The drawing shows the invention for example. Show it

1 shows a longitudinal section through a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine according to the invention on

End of the ejection stroke, Fig. 2 is a partial section along the line II-II in

Fig. 1 and

3 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 at the end of the compression stroke.

According to the drawing, a single-cylinder piston engine is on the cylinder 1 The cylinder head 2 is attached in a known manner, 3 is the piston with piston rings 4. It is known in the art and therefore not shown connected via a connecting rod to a crankshaft, for example a Can drive generator to generate electricity.

A lock bushing is firmly seated on the cylinder head 2, which can also be designed as a hollow body and be liquid-cooled 5, in which a lock shaft 6, which forms a lock with it, is rotatably mounted, which at its free End carries a sprocket 7 and is driven via this by means of a chain 8 from the crankshaft, not shown will. A screw conveyor 9 attached parallel to the lock shaft 6 is variable from the lock shaft 6 Transmission driven by a continuously variable chain transmission 11.

With 12 one of the two valves, for example the exhaust valve, denotes, which is pulled by a spring 13 into the closed position and by a rocker arm 14 in the

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can be brought to the open position. Are driven the rocker arms for both valves via cams, not shown here, which are fixed on the extension 61 of the lock shaft 6 are attached.

Since the piston 3 is just in its top dead center at the end of the ejection stroke, the valve disk 15 is sealing on valve seat 16. The covered inlet valve begins at this point in which the combustion chamber 17, which is primarily is formed by the upper part of the cylinder space, but also includes an antechamber 18, has its smallest volume.

Above the antechamber 18 are a first cylindrical cavity 19 in the central plane of the cylinder transversely to its axis, which receives the lock bushing and a second cylindrical cavity 21 in which the screw 9 is mounted in Molded in cylinder head. A straight channel 22 is from the combustion chamber 17 through the antechamber 18, the cavity 19 and the lock bushing 5 seated in this is led up into the cavity 21. This is a vertical transport route for fuel from an intermediate hopper 23 attached to the top of the cylinder head 2, whose upper widened opening 24 is freely open to the atmosphere, while its lower discharge opening 25 with the 5 cavity 21 communicates.

The screw conveyor 9 can therefore from the intermediate hopper 23, for example, fine-grained explosives that arbitrarily or automatically controlled through a pipe 26 are introduced into the channel 22. This is largely done depressurized, so that in the event of ignition above the lock shaft, the explosive gas at low pressure through the opening can be blown out. The part of the channel 22 formed at the top in the lock bushing 5 forms a feed chamber 221, while the lower part forms a discharge chamber 222 which is permanently connected to the antechamber 18.

. l These rooms are assigned a in the lock shaft 6 Lock chamber 62, with a dome-shaped bottom 63. It moves from the position shown in FIG End of the exhaust stroke to the position in FIG. 3 at the end of the compression stroke clockwise over an angle of 180 °. The chain 8 must therefore bring about a gear ratio from the crankshaft 9 to slow speed.

From the position of the lock chamber 62 in Fig. 2 it can be seen that that this has just opened to the loading chamber 221 and this opening during the subsequent The suction cycle is further enlarged, taking over the powder character from the feed chamber, and again up to reduced in size completely. At the end of the compression stroke, however, the lock chamber 62 according to FIG. 3 already to the delivery chamber 222 and thus via the antechamber. 18 open to the combustion chamber 17. In the up to then largely Pressureless lock chamber then flow in the highly compressed gases of the combustion chamber, which quickly leads to ignition and to subsequent incineration of all the explosive conveyed in the lock chamber.

Because of the lock shaft 6 and lock socket 5 occurring heat development, both parts are expediently cooled, including a line 27 Can use supplied compressed air, which in a manner not shown in detail through axial bores 28 in the lock bushing 5 and 29 is guided in the lock shaft 6. In this way, with an appropriate choice of material for the parts 5 and 6 also ensure that the edge 64 of the lock chamber 62 always reliably seals against the cylindrical Inner surface 51 is kept abutting and approximately uniform over the entire operating temperature range System or frictional forces are retained in order to allow the pressure to penetrate into the task area 221 as well how to avoid excessive overheating in this room. It goes without saying that the ignition temperature of the explosive

material - '\ from which actually scored in the receiving chamber 221 " Temperature can be adjusted.

Similar to the screw conveyor 9, the powdery explosive is also introduced into the combustion chamber sufficiently gentle on pressure. The lock chamber is. namely many times larger than that actually for Volume of the added powder measured in one work cycle. It remains open after the filling process has started the dome-shaped bottom 63 of the lock chamber and arrives only shortly before the start of ignition in the operating position Fig. 3. Before any powder particles get on the Can fix inner surface 51 of the piston sleeve, they are already covered by the combustion process, so that a pressure. ignition or the like is practically out of the question.

During operation, the screw conveyor 9 conveys that amount of powder into the feed chamber on average with one revolution 221, which is required for one work cycle at about the nominal power. Should the machine run faster or deliver greater power, the continuously variable transmission is adjusted accordingly, so that the worm 9 is about 1.5 completed up to 3 revolutions. It can run at a slower speed through the transmission 11 with a correspondingly smaller gear ratio are driven. The adjustment of the transmission ratio corresponds to the conventional "accelerating".

With the four-stroke principle provided here with intake and The outlet valve can be operated with low levels of oxygen-releasing agents, if necessary also without oxygen. For the two-stroke process Equipped machines can also be provided with flushing devices, but with potassium nitrate or leave other oxygen carriers in the entered powder supply sufficient amounts of oxygen to complete the combustion better.

In 'Al Ten statements it appears essential' that this

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1 Fuel powder exposed to the lowest possible thermal and mechanical stresses until it is fed into the combustion chamber and is shielded as completely as possible from the combustion chamber outside the lock.

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Claims (1)

321298S April 6, 1982 27 R 2588 VNR: 100 986 Georg Renz
Ergattenstrasse 11th 7950 Biberach 1 Method and device for operating an internal combustion engine Expectations 1J Method for operating an internal combustion engine with at least one combustion chamber which is supplied with fuel and there is burned with power output, characterized in that at least small amounts of slowly burning explosives are supplied to the combustion chamber in proportion to the fuel. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is started with non-explosive or only weakly explosive fuel and by adding explosives is brought to performance. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the explosives in solid form, especially as fine-grained powder. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the explosives are fed from a task area in communication with the atmosphere largely without pressure to an input device connected upstream of the combustion chamber. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in particular for cyclically operated machines such as piston engines, thereby characterized in that the amount of explosive to be entered in a task area separated from the combustion chamber is metered in and introduced into the combustion chamber from there under a pressure-tight intermediate seal. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the explosives with arbitrarily variable time Amount of the input device are supplied. 7. Device for operating an internal combustion engine with a combustion chamber and an input device for inputting a powdered fuel, especially for exercise of the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the input device has a powder lock (5,6) with a lock element (5) which has a pressure-tight closed around the edge (64) of a transfer opening and between a receiving position (Fig. 2) and an input position (Fig. 3) movable lock chamber (62) forms. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a .in the task position to the lock chamber (62) open Task space (221) is kept in connection with the atmosphere without pressure. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a supply space (221) upstream of the storage space or the intermediate store (23) has an opening on its upper part (24) has the size of its cross-section. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that between the feed space (221) and the storage space or Intermediate storage (23) a largely pressure-free acting feed conveyor (9), in particular with arbitrarily controllable Speed, is on. - 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the Zuführfördercr (9) by means of a gear (11) with in particular continuously variable transmission ratio is connected to a drive element of the internal combustion engine. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the feed conveyor (9) is an independently controllable motor drive such as an electric gear motor is assigned. 13. The device according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized by designing the feed conveyor as a screw conveyor (9). 14. Device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized by the formation of the lock element (6) .As a lock shaft, roller or disk, rotatable in the machine cycle, into which one forms the lock chamber (62) Recess is formed. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the lock chamber (62) in the manner of a Pfanne.mit Dome-like arched bottom (63) is formed. 16. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the lock element (6) in a machine fixed held lock bushing (5), the two openings (221) assigned to the lock chamber (62) 222), of which one can be used as a feed chamber (221) ' 25- is arranged on the leading side, while the other, preferably opening (222) arranged below is connected to the combustion chamber. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that at least the lock bushing (5), in particular also the lock shaft (6), with coolant cavities (28, 29). is provided and connected to a coolant supply. 18. Device according to claims 11 and 14, characterized in that that the drive of the feed conveyor (9) is derived from the lock shaft (6). COPY 1 19. Device according to claims 13 and 18, characterized in that that the screw conveyor (9) and lock shaft (5) are arranged parallel to each other and the gearbox between them (11) with a variable transmission ratio 5 is switched. 20. Device according to one of claims 14 to 19, for four-stroke engines, characterized in that the drive the valves (12) derived from the lock shaft (6) or this is coupled to a camshaft or this forms. COPY