DE3204033A1 - Three-dimensional sliding toy - Google Patents

Abstract

The surface of a sphere has subdivisions corresponding to the projections of the edges and corners of an icosahedron which is concentric with the sphere. In the projection of an icosahedron, spherical-shell triangles are formed between the subdivisions, of which, in each case, five can be twisted as a ring about their common corner, and each spherical-shell triangle forms part of three rings, so that it can be passed on from ring to ring by consecutive twisting of the rings. Rules can be devised for specific orders into which the sliding elements are to be brought. In order to guide the spherical-shell triangles, a guide rail lies between each pair of them, along the subdivisions, this guide rail guiding the edges of the spherical-shell triangles with mutual displaceability and itself being retained in the position of rest between two stationary guide members, and in the twisted position between one guide member and one of the other guide rails.

Description

Spatial sliding toy

The invention relates to a three-dimensional sliding toy the preamble of claim 1.

Push toys with a variety of sliding elements that can be used in Numerous possible combinations can be arranged and given to a given To be brought to order have long been known. Take Sam Loyds as an example "Fifteen game", released in 1870, with number-bearing game pieces be moved in one plane. Reaching the solution soon represents - in this case The game does not yet have high demands on the player's systematic approach.

Another level game (DE-OS 23 38 117) is a level replica the classic "Towers of Hanoi", whereby the game pieces are regularly rearranged depending on their number, a given, in the case of several pieces, a very high number of Shifts must take place, so that even with the most skilful execution the Solution can only be achieved in an extremely tedious manner.

There is also a puzzle known (DE-OS 25 27 740), which is optional on a three-dimensional, regular polyhedron or on one of its individual surfaces level game board can be placed, with a similarly shaped board for each polyhedron surface Support element is present, which according to organizational aspects in relation to the support elements of the neighboring areas is to be placed. There are numerous possible combinations here and a difficult solution, but the pieces to be placed loosely are the in the case of a spatial polyhedron, for example, must be held magnetically, disadvantageous in that there is a risk of loss and the puzzle rather a table game is, however, not easily taken along to pass the time on the go can be.

From the latter point of view it is cheaper than "Rubik's Cube" well-known cubes (Endl: "Rubik's Riddle of the Century", Würfel-Verlag GmbH Giessen 1981), in which you turn each differently. from cube elements composite cube discs can set a large number of combinations and then have to find the home position. The number of combinations of the cube element constellations is limited by the relatively low number of adjustable components. The solution has now been fully researched and the correct one is known It only takes a few minutes to resolve from any twisted state to come to an orderly state.

The main patent is based on the task of creating a new spatial, To create push toys that are suitable for playing on the go, the one that is still unknown Solution systematics and an increased number of constellation combinations. According to one embodiment, this is achieved by the preamble of claim 1 Feature combination achieved. With such a spherical sliding toy, in which, however, the sliding elements also have outer surfaces deviating from the spherical shape, e.g. with elevations or depressions or flat or prismatic surfaces there are due to the polyhedra used to select the subdivisions, namely the icosahedron, sufficient variety and complexity, with the Surfaces in the form of spherical shell triangles are to be rotated around corner points. The toy represents an integral, pocket-friendly item.

Especially when using manufacturing materials that are too large Lead manufacturing tolerances, the leadership of the spherical shell triangles can only with the help of mushroom-shaped guide bodies, which represent the pivot poles, as problematic prove. While a too tight fit under the caps of the mushroom-shaped Guide body leads to a relatively high friction on the base ball and thus If the movability is impaired, a loose fit under the caps leads to it to a rattling of the entire spherical shell, with the result of inaccurate marking coincidence and making contact and easily destructible.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of the intended To create sliding toys so that neither high friction nor too loose Structure can affect the purpose of the game.

This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1 solved the construction of the toy with a firm hold of the guide bodies, the spherical shell triangles and the guide rails assembled spherical shell made possible by the spherical shell triangles along their three edges or at least held down along parts of its three edges by the guide rails on the core ball and these guide rails themselves in the rest position of the guide body to guide body and in the twisted position of one of the guide bodies to are extended to another guide rail and in this case secure at both ends be held. By using the thirty additional guide rails, which can be simple pref3 parts, so will the integrity of the toy, the rest options in the rest position and the contact options with electronic Evaluation as well as the avoidance of sliding inhibitions and the risk of damage are considerable improved and thus the play value greatly increased.

The "ball" here can also be an interrupted ball, which is essential is only that the edge lines or lines projected onto the sphere

the boundary lines that may differ slightly from this the spherical shells are present on the spherical surface, which are otherwise perforated and can be hollow inside or by a spherical tongue and groove structure can be reproduced under the spherical shell elements.

To hold the spherical shell triangles and the guide rails on the core ball can analogous to the possibilities specified in the main patent according to the Claims 5 to 7 these parts on the projections of the corners by guide bodies be held down, on whose neck they slide along when twisting and whose cap prevents lifting, and / or it can be in the core ball and in the spherical shell triangles and guide means of the groove type and engaging the guide rails Spring must be present, which allows a fairly precise guidance of the possible twisting paths of the spherical shell triangles and the creation of a "rattle construction" to a large extent impede. According to claim 8, further guide means can also be present.

It is indeed a composite of spherical shell parts, as a whole spherical toy known (GB-PS 1 344 259), the spherical shell parts also are mutually displaceable and are held together with tongue and groove. Under the spherical shell parts are also spherical shell triangles. The one another slidable engagement of such spherical shell parts with the help of tongue and groove is so in itself, namely in the case of a relatively simple subdivision of the spherical surface and lower combinability are known.

The individual, each the projection of one of the corner points of the icosahedron spherical shell triangles with their guide rails surrounding them can be in the Course of their rotation their rest position, in which the other triangle corners also are directed to projections of icosahedron corners, and twist positions in between take in. Since the rest position is the prerequisite that neighboring wreaths can be rotated, the rest positions are preferably according to claim 9 through set a locking position, for which known elastic constructions can be used.

For the purpose of creating rules of the game are preferably according to claim 12 on the spherical shell triangles are corner-related markings and, if Parts of the core sphere such as the guide body on the projections of the Icosahedron corners visible are, these posts with individualizing blarkierungen provided, the markings for example colors, number symbols or can be conceptual symbols. The rule of the game can for example be in it exist to bring together associated corner-related markings or, if necessary to assemble at a corresponding bulletproof marking. Also for edge or Area-related markings that also take up the guide rails rules of the game can be set up.

When an icosahedron is projected onto the spherical surface so 20 spherical shell triangles. Leave five at a time around a pivot point rotate in a ring by 720, 144 °, 2f60 or 2880, which turns them back into a Basic position advised. This leads to the possibility of setting theoretical more than 8.4 quadrillion constellations if the guide rails are unmarked stay.

A marking of the guide rails as indicated in claim 13, leads to a significantly increased number of possible constellations.

It is also possible according to the main patent, the invention To electronize sliding toys and so in it an automatic process storage and / or include evaluation, thereby increasing the number of selectable rules of the game is further increased.

For this purpose, preferably according to claim 14 in the range of motion rotatable parts on the one hand and on the rotatable parts themselves on the other hand Marking-sensor assignments created on the basis of which an internal microprocessor carries out the constellation analysis and evaluation. As a display device can for example one or more seven segment displays are used, the numbers or letters and / or can be acoustic signal generators with different tones to serve. The arrangement of these elements as well as the making of an opening for a battery change can be carried out in the area of a mushroom-shaped guide body and / or, in the presence of a removable, for example unscrewable guide body, be provided under removable spherical shell triangles.

The icosahedron has four tetrahedron corresponding points the surface of the sphere or core sphere over which all spherical shell triangles and Guide rails must wander away with each rotation of each triangular ring. Provided Each spherical shell triangle can be identified by the sensors how, for example, has machine-readable digit sequences, can be according to Claim 15 by one revolution of four specific slewing rings the instantaneous Completely record and save the constellation of the sliding toy. Are the guide body rotating with the turntables, the execution according to claim 16 be structurally simpler, in which all angles of rotation are recorded and processed.

In the sliding game according to the invention, the following solo games are among others conceivable: - Static analysis of the constellation.

- Counting the number of turns a player performs.

- Measurement of the time it takes a player.

- Dynamic analysis of the turning steps carried out.

- Storage of turning steps, in order to then reverse them (retrograde) so that the initial constellation can be reached again.

- Specification of turning steps of different strategies that lead to a Solution lead.

- Specification of turning steps that lead to certain patterns.

- Presetting of rotation step sequences, which are then taken from the player's memory are to be repeated, with success control, error messages and declining specifications.

Two or more people can also compete against each other play and then have the task, for example, of certain markings of certain starting positions to slide or rotate certain markings to certain target positions to arrange certain patterns or other markings with certain markings encircle or block. With these rules, the electronics can on the one hand service functions take over such as assigning or calculating certain logical, geometric or arithmetic conditions. On the other hand, the electronics can also do the Take over the functions of an equal gaming partner and then on the basis of game and decision theory the corresponding tactical and perform strategic calculations, much like a chess computer.

The sliding toys according to the invention are teaching, learning and Play means with which one can spatial imagination and memory, logical or teaching, learning, strategic thinking, manual dexterity and the joy of playing, can develop and promote.

Further details, advantages and developments of the invention result can be derived from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference on the drawing. It shows in changing scales: FIG. 1 the basic structure a sliding toy formed by projecting an icosahedron in perspective Representation with partially omitted details; Fig. 2 is a section in a Level 2-2 in Figure 1; 3 bottom views of two alternatively designed guide rails for use in the sliding toy according to FIG. 1; 4 is a perspective partial view, partially pulled apart, one made of spherical shell triangles and guide rails composite spherical shell; Fig. 5 is a plan view of the area with a round guide body equipped with icosahedral corner projection; 6 shows a guide body, a spherical socket triangle and a guide rail of a slightly modified embodiment; FIG. 7 shows a plan view corresponding to FIG. 5 when the elements according to FIG. 6 and with a slewing ring twisted to a certain extent; Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of three guide bodies according to Fig.

7 held spherical shell triangle; 9 shows a section in one plane 9-9 in Figure 7; Figs. 10 and 11 are perspective views of each with a guide body, a spherical socket triangle and a guide rail, who use different means of management; Fig. 12a and b radial section sections by means of guide groove and spring arrangements for guiding the spherical shell triangles; Fig. 13 shows a section in the developed surface of a core ball with a view of the Underside of a spherical shell triangle in a guide according to FIG. 12a; 14 a Partial section through the sliding toy with the projections of the icosahedron corners seated guide body guided guide rails, which are resilient in the rest position snap into place; Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the slide toy below Use of the elements shown in Fig. 6 with also externally spherical Shape; Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the sliding toy, which in Compared to FIG. 15, the outer shape of a dodecahedron by cutting off spherical caps given is; 17 shows a central cross section through the sliding toy according to FIG Fig. 16; 18 shows a perspective illustration corresponding to FIG. 16 with the outer shape of an icosahedron.

Of the five i'platonic solids, the regular icosahedron represents (Twenty surfaces) according to Fig. 2 represents the most complicated, because it has the largest surface area. Its Projection onto a spherical surface concentric to it results in a subdivision grid with twenty spherical triangles, with thirty the triangle sides of two of these Triangles depicting spherical lines and with twelve points at which, respectively five of these triangles meet.

The sliding toy according to the invention is according to the projection constructed of such a regular icosahedron. It consists according to FIG. 1 to 5 from a core ball 1, at the twelve mushroom-shaped guide body 3 with necks 4 and 5 caps are attached. Along the surface of the core sphere 1, each between the spherical lines corresponding to the icosahedron edges Spherical shell triangles 7, the lower surface of which corresponds to the surface of the core sphere 1, on which they slidably rest, and guide rails 8 passing through the caps 5 of the mushroom-shaped Guide body 3 are held down on the surface of the core ball 1. The outward-facing upper surfaces of the caps 5, the spherical socket triangles 7 and the guide rails 8 can be arbitrary, e.g. spherically curved, but also flat or with a profile be designed. The 'guide body 3 sit at points 9 of the projections of the icosahedron corners.

Each of the guide rails 8 separates two adjacent spherical shell triangles 7. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the guide rails 8 consist of a radially leading hold-down device 10 of greater width and an integral part of it Underside hanging, tangentially leading slide rail 10 ', which ends in tongues 10 ", which protrude in the longitudinal direction over the hold-down device 10. In the embodiment According to FIG. 1, the hold-down devices 10 lie over the edge strips of the spherical shell triangles 7 and are just like the caps 5 of the guide body 3 on the outer surface of the Ball socket triangles 7 before. If the aim is to achieve a spherical surface that is as uniform as possible is, the edge areas of the spherical shell triangles 7 can also be stepped accordingly be so that the hold-down 10 and the caps 5 only in the step of these edge areas intervention. The guide rails 8 themselves engage with their tongues 10 "under the Caps 5 of the guide body 3 and are slidably with their end faces on the respective Neck 4 of the guide body. Of the guide rails shown in FIG 8 has a two-part slide rail 10 ', in which case the spherical socket triangles can be larger and with their edges close together. The front sides of the Downholder 10 and the tongues 10 ″ are convexly rounded, as is the radius of rotation when rotating around the remote point 9 corresponds, while the hold-down 10 along its sides has curved, tapered longitudinal edges with the same radius and the slide rail is correspondingly concave. When twisting slide then the corresponding convex along the concave curvatures.

The attachment of the guide body 3 to the core ball 1 depends on Manufacturing process of the sliding toy. For example, all guide bodies 3 can be screwed on, but eleven of them can also be integral with the core ball 1, while only the twelfth guide body 3, from its position from the twenty spherical shell triangles 7 and the twenty guide rails 8 along the surface can be coated, can be screwed in and after the coating has been carried out of parts 7 and 8 is screwed in. Will be a possible later acceptance and re-stratification of parts 7 and 8 not considered necessary, so can the ball with the Stumps of the guide body 3 be integrally formed, the caps 5 of which then in the production process, after the spherical shell triangles have been placed, glued onto the stumps or be welded on.

The edges of the spherical shell triangles 7 are curved in two senses, namely initially according to the radius of the spherical surface, but also still deviating from a great circle within the spherical surface insofar as the triangle sides arcuate around the opposite point 9 of the projection of the Icosahedron corner is designed so that pivoting of the spherical shell triangle 7 around this point 9 lying just in front of the triangle tip is easily possible without that the radial extent changes around this point 9 when the triangle is pivoted. The guide rails 8 are adapted to the spherical surface and arcuate Side edges of their slide rails 10 'are, as mentioned, concave so that the two-sided arches the convex rounded triangle sides of the spherical shell triangles correspond, which can be moved along these slide rails 10 '.

According to FIG. 1, spherical shell triangles 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e form one Wreath of spherical shell triangles 7, the whole including those in between Guide rails 8 around the neck of a those seated at points 9 mushroom-shaped guide body 3, namely around the one shown with the cap cut off Guide body 3a, is twisted. When twisting, the guide body slide 3a opposite triangle sides along the side lines of the opposite adjoining guide rails 8 and along the necks 4 of the adjacent ones Points 9 seated guide body 3 until, for example, rotated by one division (72 °) is, so the spherical shell triangle 7a at the earlier location of the spherical shell triangle 7b the triangle 7b is at the earlier location of the triangle 7c etc. and the spherical shell triangles each also turned around themselves.

With a subsequent rotation around another point 9 of the projection of the icosahedron corners, for example, two of the previous wreath 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e belonging spherical shell triangles and the guide rail in between 8 also belong to this new wreath and from the area of the old wreath around the Guide body 3a are turned out, for which other spherical shell triangles in these be screwed into the wreath described first.

Each of the twenty spherical shell triangles can be created by rotating it frequently 7 to any of the three guide bodies 3 or points 9 between each the lying square of the spherical triangles. Also can through correspondingly frequent rotation of each of the thirty guide rails 8 on any one Place between two spherical shell triangles 7 can be turned.

Fig. 6 shows the elements of the spherical shell, namely guide body, Ball socket triangle and guide rail, a modified embodiment that is characterized in particular by the fact that the guide body has a pentagonal shape and relative to the ball, in the present case to its attachment, about its longitudinal axis, which is the axis of rotation of the surrounding turntable, has rotatable guide head 5 '. The end faces of the hold-down devices 10 of the guide rails 8 lie on the side surfaces of the guide head 5 ', which in turn covers the tongues 10 ″. 7 to 9 push toys shown in detail use the elements according to Fig. 6.

In Fig. 7, the spherical shell triangles are in the upper left part of the picture 7a, 7b shown in a partially rotated position, that is, during the rotation process. This intermediate state shown is unsuitable as a dwell state, it represents only represents a transitional state. The rest positions of all spherical shell triangles 7 resp. of all rings of spherical shell triangles are the positions shown in FIG. 1. In These rest positions snap in the locking body shown in Fig. 14 between the core ball 1 and the guide rails 8, so that stopping the rotation in one of the No difficulties in resting positions.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 6 to 9, the spherical shell triangles have 7 edge strips 11 reduced in thickness from above and the guide bodies 8 in the thickness from below reduced edge strips 12 on each other cover. The edge strips 11 can also be located under the guide heads 5 ' the guide body 3 extend, with a coordination of the mutual thicknesses Outer spherical surface without protruding parts is created.

10, 11 and 14 show modified ways of guiding the spherical shell triangles 7 and the guide rails 8. Tongue and groove guides are provided here, which are possible in various combinations. For example, the guide body The guide rails have grooves on the narrow sides and tongues on the long sides Have grooves and the spherical shell triangles have tongues on all sides; or it can the guide bodies have springs and the guide rails have grooves on the narrow sides and have feathers on the long sides and the spherical shell triangles on all sides Have grooves. The underside of the grooves can also be formed on the one hand by the core ball on the other hand, the grooves and tongues can, if they are strong enough, themselves replace the sphere as they lie in the spherical surface. The guide body would have to in this case be rigidly connected to one another by special connecting links.

Furthermore it remains unaffected, for the spherical shell triangles even more To create guides that allow even more steady gliding and recurring rest positions, contact positions, etc. result even more securely. According to Fig. 12a shows the core ball 1, according to FIG.

12b, the individual spherical shell triangle 7 as an alternative embodiment a number of guide pins 13, each in one of the corresponding Twist paths distributed guide grooves 15 are inserted. For the purpose of assembly the guide pins 13 which are widened conically as a whole according to FIG. 12a are elastic compressible so that they can be pressed into the guide grooves 15. According to FIG. 12b, the pins and grooves are not dovetail-shaped, the guide therefore only acts in the tangential direction and not in the radial direction. Fig. 13 shows for an embodiment according to FIG. 12a on the underside of the individual spherical shell triangles 7 the network of guide grooves 15, the three possible for each guide pin 13 Rotation paths of the ball socket triangle 7, namely around the respective adjacent Points 9 of the projection of the icosahedron corners correspond.

14 shows in a radial section in a common representation the guides according to FIGS. 10 and 11, the ones seated at the projection points 9 Guide bodies are modified accordingly, and that are for the respective illustration Different guide means shown on the right and left. The right guide body 3 has the annular groove 16 running around its circumference, into which the circumferential protruding from the circumferential end face of the guide rail 8 that bridges the thickness Rib 17 is immersed, which fulfills the function of the tongues 10 ″ according to FIG. 3. On the left - As in Fig. 9 - a mushroom-shaped guide body is shown, the cap 5 in a circumferential edge groove 18 engages the end face of the guide rail. Farther engage resilient outwardly braced locking pins 19, which are in pockets 20 in the core ball 1 are sunk into locking recesses 20 'in the guide rails 8. The locking recesses 20 'have such a depth that the locking bolts 19 snap into place at these points. This locking position corresponds to the rest position of the spherical shell triangles 3, in each one of their triangle points on one of the points 9 of the projection the icosahedron corners is directed.

The spherical shell triangles 7 and the caps 5 of the guide body 3, If necessary, the guide rails 8 also have corner-related markings 21 or edge-related markings 22, which according to the drawing from letters exist. The choice of markings is arbitrary, it can vary in the simple case it concerns colors and, in difficult cases, conceptual symbols or information, which can be sorted according to group affiliation, for example names of builders and buildings, which can also be represented graphically, of generals and slaughter, of animal families and animal species, of five or six different ones Representations of the same conditions as numbers in different basic systems etc., finally also advertising slogans to be combined.

FIGS. 15 to 18 illustrate various selectable external configurations. These can vary in that relatively thick spherical shell elements are used the cutting planes intersecting the sphere in the rest position be cut through.

Fig. 15 initially shows the spherical design again, namely with a plan view of one of the pentagonal guide heads 5 'in this case with the slewing ring surrounding it. Fig. 16 shows the same basic constellation, the sphere, however, from twelve directions forming a dodecahedron is flattened.

Here the simply drawn lines are the dodecahedron edges, while the double lines represent the dividing surfaces, which are a mutual twist of the body parts lying on both sides of the interface.

FIG. 17 shows a section through the dodecahedron design according to FIG. 16, where a line a represents the pentagonal edge and a line b represents the pentagonal height. The different hlaße of the guide rail at the different points of the Representation result from the fact that this once in a longitudinal section and once in a Cross section appears.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 17, only the guide body 3, which carry the rotatable guide heads 5 ', rigidly connected to the core ball. The core sphere can therefore be replaced by a corresponding frame 22 that this rigid connection the guide body 3 takes over. The guiding task of the core ball with regard to the Ball socket triangles and the guide rails take over the grooves and tongues, their radially inner support surfaces on a spherical surface replacing the solid ball lie.

According to FIG. 18, the surface of the sphere from FIG. 15 is cut back in such a way that that an icosahedron is formed. Again, the spherical structure is created by the core sphere or taken over by the grooves and tongues in connection with an inner framework.

The sliding game is suitable for electronic evaluation, whereby in particular an acoustic signal comes into question and the battery change either at the point of the guide body 3 or under a spherical shell triangle to be dismantled 7 is possible. The corresponding external characteristics of such an internal electronic Circuit are not shown in the drawing.

An electronic evaluation circuit inside the ball requires that some sensors are arranged at selected points of the core ball 1, which consist for example of a pair of electrodes on which by sliding past conductive parts of the sliding elements established a temporary electrical connection will.

According to known techniques, magnetic, optical, capacitive or mechanical scanning elements are present.

The electronic circuit can provide information on solutions, as a sliding counter or timers are working, the shifting steps are saved, a memory preset keep ready and realize many other game programs.

In the sliding toy according to FIG. 1, on the surface of the core ball 1 four places are determined, their connection a Tetrahedron and which capture every possible slewing ring of the spherical shell triangles. Any rotation of the spherical socket triangular rings with the guide rails thus causes an overwriting by the spherical shell triangles at one of these points, so that with an arrangement of the sensors at these locations and an individual Coding of the markings on the underside of the spherical shell triangles the internal electronics can record and save the twisting process. These four places are in the Area of centers of spherical triangles that turn between them have two spherical triangles which go through the line connecting these places cut across. In Fig. 1, two such sensor locations 47 are shown, the other two are located with perpendicular to the visible points 47 crossing Connection line on the back of the sphere (according to the drawing).

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Claims (16)

Claims Spatial sliding toy with the basic structure a ball, on which by successively moving markings (21 ) supporting sliding elements in the form of spherical shell triangles (7), which on the spherical surface are movably guided, an order of the markings can be striven for, the Spherical shell triangles in their rest position * g through in a regular network over the spherical surface distributed subdivisions are separated from each other by the center of the sphere outgoing projections of the edges of an imaginary regular concentric to the sphere Icosahedron correspond, by guide body (3) attached to the projections (9) of the Icosahedron corners sit, are held and build on spherical triangles, whose Edges the shape of an arc around the opposite projected I. kosa ederecke have, according to patent ... (patent application P 31 29 117.1-15), thereby characterized in that between the spherical shell triangles (7) along the subdivisions spherically curved guide rails (8), the length of which is the distance between two adjacent guide bodies (3) does not exceed that of the guide bodies are movably guided on the spherical surface and in turn the spherical shell triangles Hold and guide movably along the spherical surface. 2. sliding toy according to claim 1, characterized in that the Guide rails (8) or only their parts (10 ') leading in the tangential direction have a concave outline in the respective plan view, in that they are on both sides of the adjacent Follow the circular arc-shaped spherical shell triangle edges. 3. sliding toy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that every single one of the guide bodies seated on the projections (9) of the icosahedron corners (3) together with the spherical shell triangles (7) and guide rails surrounding it (8) is rotatable about the ball diameter intersecting it (Fig. 6-11). 4. sliding toy according to claim 3, characterized in that the Guide body (3) the basic shape of concave pentagons (5 ') with curved edges, its center of curvature in the rest position on the axis of rotation of the adjacent one Guide body (3) is, and that complementary to the arcuate edges the curved end faces of the adjacent guide rails (8) are in contact. 5. sliding toy according to one of claims 1 to 4 + characterized in that that the guide body (3) are mushroom-shaped and have caps that the corners of the in their rest position five adjoining spherical shell triangles (7) and / or the end faces which in their rest position overlap five adjacent guide rails (8) (Fig. 9). 6. sliding toy according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the guide body (3) has a circumferential groove (16) describing a circular path or spring and that in the groove the corners of the five in their rest position adjacent spherical shell triangles (7) and / or the end faces (17) in their In the rest position, five adjacent guide rails (8) engage or the spring in a circumferential groove (18) in the side surface of the spherical socket triangles and / or in the end face 'of the guide rails engages (Fig. 10, 11, 14). 7. sliding toy according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that that the spherical shell triangle edges and / or the guide rail edges under the Edge strips (10 ″, 11) which slide through caps or engage in the groove are reduced Have thickness. 8. sliding toy according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that on a core ball (1) on the one hand and on the spherical shell triangles (7) on the other hand additionally interlocking guide means (13, 15) are arranged, the one Rotation movement of the spherical shell triangles around each of the projected icosahedron corners (9) lead. 9. sliding toy according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that on the one hand in a core ball (1) and on the other hand in the spherical shell triangles (7) or locking elements (19, 20, 20 ') are arranged in the guide rails (8), their mutual locking position - in one position of the spherical shell triangles, in which each triangle corner is located on one of the projections (9) of the icosahedron corners, given is. 10. Sliding toy according to claim 6 or the dependent on claim 6 Claim 7, characterized in that the grooves (16, 18) and tongues (10 ", 17) serve themselves as a hollow core ball and only the axes of the guide body (3) with each other are rigidly connected (over 22). 11.Sliding toy according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that the spherical shell triangles (7), the guide rails (8) and / or the guide body (3) each have a non-uniform thickness and are delimited on the outside by flat surfaces which give the entire sliding toy the external shape of a polyhedron (Fig. 16-18). 12. A sliding toy according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that that the spherical shell triangles (7) corner or edge-related markings (21) and if applicable, the Projections (9) of the icosahedron corners Ball-proof components carry individualizing markings. 13. Sliding toy according to claim 12, characterized in that the guide rails (8) also bear markings. 14. A sliding toy according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that that there is an electronic microprocessor in the core ball (1) that is in the range of motion of the spherical shell triangles (7) are sensors that are connected to the Message inputs of the microprocessor are connected to the spherical shell triangles have specific or group-specific features that can be detected by the sensors and that the microprocessor on the output side with an optical and / or acoustic Display device is connected. 15. A sliding toy according to claim 14, characterized in that four sensors, which form the corners (47) of a regular tetrahedron, on the surface the core ball (1) are arranged where the center of the corresponding four projected icosahedral faces is located. 16. A sliding toy according to one of the claims referring back to claim 3 14 or 15, characterized in that the rotatable guide body (3) with as the sensors are connected to the angle signal transducers, at their output a signal corresponding to the angle of rotation of the respective guide body occurs and delivered to the microprocessor.