DE314173C

DE314173C -

Info

Publication number: DE314173C
Application number: DENDAT314173D
Authority: DE

Description

Bekannt sind elektrische Widerstände, die aus einem Material hergestellt sind, das mit Bezug auf sein elektrisches Leitvermögen inner-■ halb weiter Grenzen beeinflußbar ist, ohne daß eine besondere Art der Bearbeitung oder - der Formgebung notwendig ist. Derartige Widerstände können bekanntlich aus Glasflüssen bestehen, die mit Leitern erster Klasse, insbesondere Metallen, durchsetzt sind.Are known electrical resistors that are made of a material with With regard to its electrical conductivity, it can be ■ influenced within wide limits without that a special type of processing or - the shaping is necessary. Such As is well known, resistors can consist of glass fluxes connected to first-class conductors, especially metals.

ίο Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Widerstände, indem die Leiter erster Klasse als Elektroden in einem Stromkreise dienen, der zwischen den Elektroden durch den Glasfluß geschlossen ist.ίο The invention relates to a method for Manufacture of such resistors by using the first class conductors as electrodes in one Serve circuits, which is closed between the electrodes by the glass flow.

Derartige Widerstände ändern sich einerseits im Gebrauch nicht, können andererseits je nach Art des verwendeten Leiters und je nach der Herstellung eine in weiten Grenzen wahlweise herstellbare Temperaturempfindlichkeit,Such resistances on the one hand do not change in use, on the other hand they can ever change depending on the type of conductor used and depending on the manufacture, one can be selected within a wide range manufacturable temperature sensitivity,

so Kathodenstrahlenempfindlichkeit und Spannungsempfindlichkeit besit'zen. Ferner kann man durch die Art der. Herstellung dieser Widerstände die Temperatur- und Spannungsempfindlichkeit für bestimmte kritische Punkte wählen und beliebig groß machen, so daß ein derartiger Widerstand für ein größeres Temperaturintervall mit Bezug auf sein Leitvermögen unveränderlich bleibt, letzteres jedoch bei einer bestimmten kritischen Temperatur sich in hohem Maße ändert.so cathode ray sensitivity and voltage sensitivity own. Furthermore, by the nature of the. Manufacture of these resistors the temperature and voltage sensitivity for certain critical points choose and make arbitrarily large, so that such a resistance for a larger temperature interval remains unchangeable with regard to its conductivity, but the latter with one certain critical temperature changes to a great extent.

Andererseits kann man die Widerstände derart herstellen, daß sie eine Unempfindlichkeit innerhalb eines großen Spannungsintervalles aufweisen und nur für eine kritische Spannung sich plötzlich sehr stark ändern. Selbstverständlich können derartige Widerstände auch innerhalb der in Betracht kommenden Temperatur- oder Spannungsgrenzen im wesentlichen unveränderlich ausgebildet werden.On the other hand, the resistors can be manufactured in such a way that they are insensitive within a large voltage interval and only for one critical voltage suddenly change very much. Of course such resistances can also be used within the relevant temperature or voltage limits are made essentially invariable.

Die Aufnahme der Leiter erster Klasse, insbesondere der Metalle, in Glasflüssen kann sowohl durch Vermischung von Glaspulver mit den pulverisierten leitenden Zusätzen und nachfolgendes Zusammenschmelzen erfolgen, oder sie kann auch durch Lösung in stückförmigen Glasflüssen unter Erhitzung der stückigen Massen erreicht werden. Zur Herbeiführung einer Lösung der Leiter erster Klasse in stückförmigen Glasflüssen kann man die Leiter als Elektroden in den zu behandelnden Glasfluß einschmelzen und darauf elektrischen Strom durch die die Elektroden vonein ander trennende Glasflußschicht hindurchschicken. Um den Stromdurchgang einzuleiten, nimmt man zweckmäßig eine Erwärmung des Glasflusses durch äußere Wärmezuführung vor. Unter dem Einfluß des Stromdurchgangs tritt bei den in Betracht kommenden Metallen eine Lösung in dem Glasfluß ein und der Glasfluß, welcher vor der Behandlung in kaltem Zustände oder bei Temperaturen bis zu Rotglut hinauf nicht leitend war, erhält eine bestimmte Leitfähigkeit,The inclusion of first class conductors, especially metals, in glass fluxes can both by mixing glass powder with the powdered conductive additives and subsequent melting together, or it can also be done by dissolving in piece-shaped Glass flows can be achieved by heating the lumpy masses. To bring about a solution the ladder first Class in piece-shaped glass fluxes one can use the conductors as electrodes in the to be treated Melt the glass flux and then pass an electric current through the electrodes Send through another separating glass flux layer. To initiate the continuity of the current, the glass flux is expediently heated by external heat input. Under the influence of the passage of current, one occurs in the metals in question Solution in the glass flux and the glass flux, which before the treatment in cold state or was not conductive at temperatures up to red heat, a certain one is given Conductivity,

Auch bei Einbettung von Kohleelektroden in den Glasfluß und darauffolgender Stromdurchsendung unter Erhitzung ergibt sich eine Veränderung des Glasflusses in der Art, daß derselbe leitend wird.Also with embedding carbon electrodes in the glass flow and subsequent current transmission when heated, the glass flux changes in such a way that it becomes conductive.

Um die auf diese Art leitend gemachte Glasflußmasse möglichst homogen zu machen,In order to make the glass flux made conductive in this way as homogeneous as possible,

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Claims

recommends that it -sys., to crush this mass j and again}; ,, - 4ψφ, ", Sus. In particular, of the various metals on the conductivity of the glass flux and on their behavior at different temperatures and different applied voltages is very different Glass fluxes change their specific conductivity significantly within wide temperature intervals. Potassium, sodium and copper, for example, have an effect similar to iron. When using copper, resistors are obtained that are very sensitive to temperature, in contrast to copper, which is used as a resistor in a purely metallic form, which is as such On the other hand, if you use j from Nic kel resistances which, even with fluctuating nickel content, are only slightly sensitive to temperature; on the other hand, they are highly sensitive to tension. The voltage sensitivity begins at a very specific voltage, so that the resistance changes greatly above this voltage, while below the critical voltage it shows no or only slight changes. By the simultaneous use of line additives, which make a glass flux sensitive to temperature and voltage, it is possible to obtain glass fluxes which are sensitive to both temperature and voltage. The nature of the glass is essentially of less importance. Silicates, borates, phosphates and fluorides are possible and suitable. / '. The new resistors can be used to advantage where it is important to have large resistors with very low self-induction and capacitance available, for example in the case of series resistors for galvanometers and AC instruments. . The resistors can also be used as heating resistors because they have a considerable mass at high resistance and also allow heating to considerable temperatures. Resistors of great temperature sensitivity, such as can be made according to the invention, are of particular value for temperature measuring instruments and for. Bolometer ac meters. Opposites of great tension sensitivity can e.g. B. for detector purposes in the wireless telegraph application. Here it is also important that the voltage sensitivity is particularly high at a certain voltage limit, so that this voltage is indicated with particular sharpness by a strong change in resistance. Resistors of high cathode ray sensitivity can be used to transmit and amplify the current fluctuations in the visually weak excitation circuits to a local direct current circuit of any low voltage, whereby the current fluctuations in the excitation circuit can be perceived without transformation. The connection of the new resistors to the power supply lines can be done by melting the latter. It is advisable to choose such substances as the material for the power supply lines, which, such. B. platinum, not or only slightly in the glass flux during the passage of current, so that the resistance does not change during operation. A special feature of the new resistors is that they emit electrons at a relatively low temperature, which means that they can be used as hot cathodes. Ρλ τ es t-claims:

1. Process for the production of electrical resistors consisting of glass fluxes, which are interspersed with first class conductors, characterized in that the first class conductors as electrodes in serve a circuit that flows between the electrodes through the glass flow.

. is closed, the initiation of the passage of current by external heat supply to the glass flow or can take place by influencing cathode rays.

2. Electrical resistor according to claim i, characterized in that as First class head of potassium, sodium, iron or copper is used.

3. Electrical resistor according to claim i, characterized in that nickel is used as a "first class conductor" for the purpose of producing resistors with high voltage sensitivity.

'

4. Embodiment according to claim 1, characterized by the union of Resistors according to claim 2 and 3 for the purpose of producing resistors of at the same time high temperature and voltage sensitivity.