DE3139091C2 - Phosphate-free or low-phosphate detergents and cleaning agents - Google Patents

Abstract

Liquid cleaning or washing aid preparations consist of or contain a) 100 parts of a polycarboxylic acid in salt form, b) 2-400, preferably 30-300 parts of an alkali heptonate or gluconate, c) 20-700, preferably 20-600 Parts of an alkali metal silicate, d) 10-150, preferably 10-100 parts of an alkali hydroxide. They are suitable as a phosphate substitute in household or industrial laundry.

Description

2. Means according to claim 1, containing the constituents mentioned there in the form of a 30-80, preferably 50-80% aqueous preparation.

3. Composition according to Claims 1 and / or 2, containing as salts of polycarboxylic acids those of citric acid, Homo- or copolymers of (meth) acrylic or-hydroxyacrylic acid, maleic acid, Crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, aconitic acid, methylenemalonic acid, Citraconic acid, optionally with other ethylenically unsaturated compounds, v / obei the MW weight of these acids is between 160 and 1,000,000, preferably 1,000-80,000.

4. Use of the agents according to Claims 1 to 3 in household and industrial laundry.

The invention relates to essentially phosphate-free washing auxiliaries with a content of poly (hydroxy) acrylic acid, Na-heptonate and Na-metasilicate.

The conventional high-performance detergents, especially those for industrial and hospital laundry, contain relatively large amounts of phosphate. For example, such products contain up to more than 30% Pentasodium tripolyphosphate, e.g. B. in combination with alkylbenzenesulfonates, soaps, non-ionic surfactants, Carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium metasilicate.

In view of today's knowledge that the use of phosphates increases the oxygen balance the waters were polluted and should therefore be avoided as far as possible for ecological reasons detergents that are largely free of phosphates have already been introduced. However, these detergents have mostly a reduced cleaning power compared to the phosphate-containing products. About that In addition, they often lead to damage to the washing machine and result in an undesirable grip on the washed ones Textiles.

Detergents with a high sodium silicate content are, for example, in Ind. And Eng. Chem. 42, pp 856, et seq., And U.S. Patent No. 3,272,753.

Silicates must be used at relatively high pH levels and in soft water to prevent that with the calcium and magnesium of hard water residues or sludge form, which are on separate from the material to be washed. Only when washing with fatty acid soaps and in soft water as well at high temperatures and high pH values, alkali silicates can be used with success. The tools of the present invention, which are substantially or completely free of phosphate, give the Detergents are now a cleaning agent who does the same is large or even greater than that of the high-performance detergents containing phosphates that have been used up to now, above all in the case of stubborn types of skin that are observed in industrial and hospital laundry, such as z. B. carbon dirt, skin dirt, more natural and artificial sebum soil, particulate soil and the like, and those stained with dried blood They have proven to be extremely effective in textiles in a wide variety of fabrics.

The auxiliaries according to the invention in combination with the usual surfactants are also in hard water effective without creating significant amounts of residue or sludge.

The present invention now relates to nutty, phosphate-free or low-phosphate cleaning or washing aids of the type described in the preceding Proverbs mentioned Art

The present invention also relates to the use of these auxiliaries alone as a phosphate substitute or together with detergents, especially in household and industrial laundry.

Sodium salts (or NaOH) are the main alkali components in the aforementioned agents Consideration As polycarboxylic acids, especially the polymeric carboxylic acids come into consideration, eg. B. the polymers of acrylic acids, hydroxyacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, aconitic acid, methylenemalonic acid, Citraconic acid and the like. Also the copolymers of the aforementioned carboxylic acids with one another or with ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl alcohol, vinyl ether, vinyl acetate, furan, Acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and others. are suitable polyanionic polymers Carboxylic acids. Particularly suitable are the polyacrylic or polyhydroxyacrylic acids, which are listed under various Names are in trade. Their mean MW is between 160 and 1,000,000, preferably 500-500,000, especially about 1,000-80,000. The preferred proportions of compounds a) to d) lie

a) at 30-75% preferably 35-60%,

b) at 2.5-25% preferably 5-15%,

c) at 20-45% preferably 25-40%,

d) at 5-30%, preferably 5-25%.

The auxiliaries according to the invention can, under certain circumstances, also be used together with phosphates if the special circumstances make it necessary. However, in this case the otherwise required amount of phosphate by a significant amount, d. H.

by more than half, in the detergents can be reduced.

Optical brighteners, bleaching agents (such as perborates), dyes and odor-improving substances (perfumes) can also be added to the agents according to the invention. They can be mixed with the various conventional detergents and used directly as such mixtures. They can also be added directly to the laundry.
In a preferred embodiment, the new phosphate-free auxiliaries with the compositions known from UK-PA 20 68 405 are used. These funds consist of the following components:

A) 2 to 35 parts of a (C ₈ -C _{2 H} 4) -Höheralkylphenylpolyglykoläthers with 5 to 25 glycol residues or mixtures thereof,

B) 5 to 35 parts of an alkanolamine,

C) 0.5 to 6 parts of a cationic sequestering agent.

The compositions according to the invention are detergents and as such also have a cleaning effect, which make them particularly suitable as a pre-wash detergent. You cannot go for removal either reactively bound dyes are used in dyeing with such dyes. You improve also the fastness properties of such dyeings, especially the wet fastness and rub fastness.

The amounts to be used depend largely on the degree of soiling, usually are 0.1-60 g / kg, preferably 1-40 g / kg (dry laundry weight), sufficient. When combined with other washing agents or detergents, the weight ratio is 0.5-5: 1, preferably 0.5-1.5: 1.

The new agents alone or in combination have a particularly pronounced cleaning effect against stubborn dirt such as B. with blood, albumin, graphite, soot, fatty substances, oils, fats and the like, especially when washing cellulose or cellulose-containing (dyed or undyed) textiles or such Polyamide or polyester or mixed textiles of the aforementioned type. They are used in household and industrial laundry suitable and can be used in continuous and discontinuous systems.

The new products are biodegradable and low-foaming. They are compatible with hard water and can can also be used with washing and cleaning powders.

The compositions according to the invention can also be used in combination with soaps (especially Soft soap) can be used together, and if their presence is desired, their addition up to can be up to 20%. The aforementioned detergents are produced in such a way that the components in the order given in the examples in demineralized Stir in water until homogeneity is achieved.

In the examples, parts are parts by weight or parts by volume, percentages, percentages by weight. The temperature information take place in degrees Celsius.

example 1

200 parts of demineralized water are presented and in it

400 parts of a commercially available polyacrylic acid (sodium salt, MG ~ 3000.40% aqueous preparation),

100 parts Na glucoheptonate,

100 parts of Na (OH) (30%) and

120 parts sodium metasilicate (anhydrous)

stirred in one after the other in the order given until homogeneity is achieved. (Duration approx. 10 min. To 1 hour depending on the approach.) The resulting agent can be used as such.

Example 2
You get an equally good remedy if you

150 parts of water (demineralized) and

100 parts Na metasilicate (anhydrous), with otherwise the same amounts of the other components as in Example !, starts.

Example 3
Another good mean is obtained from

500 parts of water (demineralized) and

120 parts poly-hydroxy-acrylic acid (commodity) (Na-SaIz, MG-3000) with otherwise the same Quantities of the other ingredients as in Example 1.

Example 4

According to the information in Example 1, an aqueous preparation is made

1400 parts of poly-ar-hydroxyacrylic acid (K-SaIz),

MG ~ 5000, about 40%),
30 parts of K-gluconate,
110 parts of K-metasilicate and
150 parts of potassium hydroxide

Manufactured using the same quantities of K-polyacrylate (MW ~ 5000) and K-gluco-heptonate are also obtained good mixtures.

Example 5

White hotel or hospital linen of moderate soiling is continuously used Wash tube using 3–6 g / kg laundry of a commercially available detergent (e.g. in accordance with UK-PA 20 68 405). The fleet / goods ratio is 4: 1. The wash liquor will be 5-10 g / kg of one of the agents of Examples 1-4 were added. A pure white wash is obtained.

Example 6

Heavily soiled polyester-cotton clothing (industrial clothing) is washed in a washing centrifuge.

The pre-wash is carried out for 5 minutes at 30-40 ⁰ C and 4-6 g / kg of a commercially available detergent (base alkylbenzene sulfonate) and 5-7 g / kg of the agent of Example 1 -4.

The first main wash is carried out at 80 ° for 8 minutes with 4-8 g / kg of the same detergent and 8-13 g / kg of one of the agents according to the invention.

The second main washing is carried out at 85-90 ⁰ C, 7 -10 min with 2.5-3.5 g / kg detergent and 8-13 g / kg of the agent of the invention. The liquor / goods ratio is 5: 1 in all levels. After rinsing, the laundry is clean.

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Liquid cleaning or washing aid preparations, consisting of or containing a) 100 parts of a polycarboxylic acid in salt form, b) 2-400, preferably 30-300 parts of an alkali hptonate or gluconates, c) 20-700, preferably 20-600 parts of an alkali metasilicate, d) 10-150, preferably 10-100 TeUe of an alkali hydroxide.