DE3131073A1 - Production of fibres for technical purposes, the fibres for technical purposes, and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for producing cellulosic (semi-synthetic, regenerated natural-polymer) and/or synthetic fibres for technical purposes by spraying a solution of at least one polymeric compound into a medium. To confer specific effects for the subsequent technical use on the fibres, the solution to be spray-dispensed according to the invention contains at least one polymer and/or at least one prepolymer and also, in a state of dispersion and/or solution, at least one additive with special technical effect which becomes at least in part embedded in the fibres being formed and/or attached to their surfaces. <IMAGE>

Description

Process for the production of fibers for technical

Purposes, fibers produced by the process for technical purposes and their use. The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of Claim 1 and fibers produced by the method according to the invention.

It is a method of making artificial blood vessel prostheses known in which the fibers from a polymer-containing solution through their spray formed and to the blood vessel prosthesis by cohesive bonding are connected to each other (DE-OS 28 06 030).

In this process, the polymer solution is atomized by means of Compressed air in a liquid or gaseous medium A method is also known in which the atomization through polymer solution by applying an electrostatic Field (U.S. Patent 4,044,404).

In non-woven technology, such methods are also known in which presented fibers are stored together to form a non-woven fabric. The fiber resolution and the fibers are stored together mechanically by carding. Here can Mixtures of different types of fibers can also be processed. This is how it is also possible to impart specific effects to a fiber fleece. The mechanical one However, there are difficulties in the process when fibers are very different mechanical properties and chemical properties are to be processed.

For example, polyester fibers and metal fibers are difficult to achieve or not process with each other at all.

In many cases, the additive that makes up the fibers or nonwovens lies in the The aim is not to give a targeted effect in the form of fibers, but rather in Form of powder. In such a case, it has so far only been possible to use this powdery To store additive mechanically in a fleece, but without this additive to bind to the fiber, unless the fleece with the additive with a adhesive glue is provided or soaked in a further operation. In one In such cases, however, the effect of the additive is greatly reduced.

The object of the invention is to provide fibers with different but targeted Produce effects that the effect release of the additive is not or only is impaired to a small extent. It should also be made possible to add fibers which produce certain technical effects when they are later used for technical Purposes.

This object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1.

A single solvent can be used as the solvent for the solution as well as mixtures of solvents can be used, which are explained in more detail below will.

If the or an additive is contained in the solution in situ, For the purposes of the invention, this means that the components forming it are in the solution be introduced and that the additive either forms in the solution or only during or in the wake of the spraying, for example through action of the gaseous or liquid medium, if appropriate in the presence of the polymer or prepolymer forms. For the sake of simplicity, the expression “the or the additives and / or the component or components forming the additives "in short referred to as an additive.

By being embedded in the solution in the fibers during their manufacture If the additive is contained in dissolved or / or dispersed form, it enables the fibers to be used for technical purposes in a manner not previously possible, in particular give them specific effects for their later use for technical purposes that the Wouldn't have fibers without the additive or additives at all, or at most only in a weaker measure would have to lend.

The additive can be introduced into the solution and dissolved and / or for example, be well dispersed in it / by stirring.

In many cases, the additive can expediently be in the solution be contained in molecularly dispersed form or in in many cases also useful colloidal and in some cases also coarsely dispersed. Under molecularly disperse it is understood that the additive dissolved in molecules contained in the solution is. Colloidally disperse is understood to mean that the particle size of the -4 additive in the solution has a diameter of approx. 10 7 to 10 cm. If the additive is coarsely dispersed contained in the solution -4, its particle size is greater than 10 4 cm.

The fibers produced by the process according to the invention can be arranged in relation to any suitable, technically usable fiber bundles, be it alone or optionally together with other fibers, for example with Natural fibers or other fibers. Such fiber bandages can in particular be: Nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, threads, knitted fabrics, scrims. For example and Such a fiber structure can preferably be a fleece with an absorbent or absorbent material Effect and / or adhesive properties on smooth surfaces when exposed to heat to have. They also contain an improvement in the lubricity compared to solids Additives possible.

The method can be carried out easily and smoothly so that at least 90 percent by weight, preferably at least 95 percent by weight of the or the additives used in those resulting from the spraying of the solution Fibers are stored or attached to their surfaces, for which purpose it is only it is necessary that the additive not or only to a minor extent is transported away by the evaporating or precipitating solvent.

In most cases it is beneficial and sufficient to have the solution spray in a gas atmosphere, preferably in air.

The spraying can preferably be done by means of a compressed air atomizer nozzle take place. The fibers formed by the spraying of the solution fly or initially float in the gas and can then be deposited in the desired places are, for example, deposited on the floor of the spray room to form a fiber fleece or on a slowly rotating rod to form tubular structures, such as Hollow vessels for surgical purposes, catheters or the like are attached, etc. When the fibers are deposited so quickly that their surface is still sticky is moist, then the aD-stored fibers stick together cohesively to form one Fiber fleece, which is done without or in one or more preferred directions of the fibers can. However, it is also possible to leave the fibers in the gas atmosphere for so long to hold until their surfaces are no longer sticky, so that then the fibers do not stick together and in the usual way to thread and further to textile Fabrics can be processed, such as woven, knitted, or crocheted the like or also to form nonwovens with adhesive to one another by means of a separate adhesive glued fibers.

In some cases it is also useful not to convert the solution into a Spray in a gas atmosphere, but in a liquid, preferably in water. Polymer fibers are also formed with precipitation of the solvent, those at one or more predetermined locations of the liquid container concerned or tanks can be deposited.

The targeted deposition of the fibers on one or more predetermined ones The space in question can be set in different ways, for example in a gas atmosphere by generating a gas flow to the point in question or at the liquid by creating a flow of liquid to a deposition site or by electrostatic fields, gravity, etc.

Depending on the desired, in particular medicinal, effect according to the invention The fibers produced can be the percentage by weight of the additive in relation to the fiber weight be different. In general, it is appropriate to provide that a maximum of 80 percent by weight, preferably a maximum of 50 percent by weight of the fibers from the additive exist. The proportion of the additive in the fiber weight can also be other physical and in some cases also affect the chemical properties of the fibers, so that one such fiber properties through the weight fraction of the additive (s) and can influence their selection if necessary.

The additives can be of very different types, provided that that they have their effects directed towards medicinal use after their incorporation or after their accumulation in or on the fibers and thus in the later technical Use of the fibers or of structures made from them or in their manufacture can unfold from medicinal purposes serving fiber dressings. It is there possible to provide only a single additive or several additives to be introduced into the solution with different effects before it is sprayed, so as to give the fibers several different effects, provided that the additives in question are compatible with one another.

The procedure here is preferably such that at least one in the additive contained in the solution is stored or attached to the fibers unchanged she is attached. In many cases, however, it is also advantageous to provide that the additive forms in situ, i.e. that a precursor of the Additive is introduced, which is either in the solution or preferably converts into the additive in the gaseous or liquid medium.

With the method according to the invention it is also possible simultaneously to produce two fibers with different contents of additives, that different solutions are sprayed from two different nozzles at the same time will. This creates two fibers at the same time, which differ in type and / or can differentiate in the content of the additive. It is also possible to have two different To spray solutions that differ in the polymer with the same type of additive. As a result, it can be achieved, for example, that the timely release of the additive is different because e.g.

the additive from one polymer faster and from the other Polymer develops its effectiveness with a time delay.

According to the invention, it is also possible to use the various types in chronological order Spray solutions through separate nozzles. This creates folae in time Fibers with different properties. The nozzles, for example be controlled in such a way that solution A is first sprayed out of one nozzle, then in a transition phase, the solutions undB are sprayed from both nozzles and then Solution B is only sprayed from the second nozzle.

This makes it possible to simultaneously 2 to produce different types of fibers with different structures.

If the fibers are processed into a fiber fleece, then fleece can layers with different fiber structure can be produced. It is there too possible to produce fleece layers from mixtures of the two fibers. Preferably it is also possible to produce nonwoven layers as laminate materials, with in the individual layers only some sort of fiber is present.

It is also possible simultaneously with the method according to the invention and / ode; variously composed of several nozzles in chronological order Spray solutions separately from each other.

Preferably the additive or at least one additive can be: A substance with an adsorbing or absorbing effect, preferably activated carbon or silicon dioxide. A substance with a disinfecting effect, for example iodine-containing Polyvinyl pyrrolidone. A material that causes the fibers to stick together when exposed to heat among each other as well as gluing the resulting fleece or the fibers with a smooth surface, for example a metal surface. As an additive For example, polyester-based hot melt adhesives can be used here.

A substance, for example sodium chloride or icing sugar, which means a solvent that does not dissolve the fibers is dissolved out and thus the Makes fibers porous.

A substance, for example oil, tetrafluoroethylene powder, graphite, or Molybdenum sulfide, which reduces friction with solids.

A substance with an electrically conductive effect, for example aluminum dust or copper dust.

A substance, for example calcium sulphate, which under the action of water allows the fibers to stick together.

A substance with an X-ray contrast effect, for example barium sulfate or tungsten.

Also, two or more additives can preferably be added to the sprayed solution are introduced. A fiber is created as a result of the spraying with combined effects. Will be several solutions with different contents sprayed on additives by means of several nozzles at the same time, this creates a Fiber blend with a combined technical effect. For example, it is possible mix aluminum powder and hot-melt adhesive as additives into a solution at the same time.

The fiber structure produced from such fibers then has a electrically conductive and adhesive effect when exposed to heat.

Are different solutions with different contents in time Sequence sprayed by means of different nozzles, so can for example Scrim can be produced with a layered structure. It is there too possible to use different additives with combined effects. This gives the individual layers different effects.

For example and preferably, for. B. in the first layer Metal powder particles and additives with antibacterial effect in the second layer, for example iodized polyvinylpyrrolidone.1 contained in the fibers as additives be.

In many cases it is also useful to provide that the additive is not added in the solid phase, but in the liquid phase. This can be useful be done by adding the additive to a liquid emulsified in the solution which forms droplets that are encapsulated in the fibers as they arise.

Because of the way the fibers are made, the additive is generally used at least substantially embedded in the fibers. Even if individual particles Droplets or molecules of the additive are completely enveloped by the fiber, can the technical effect of such completely enveloped particles unfold, by z. B.

provides that it - if necessary molecularly dissolved - by diffusion, Destruction or dissolution of the wafer-thin plastic layer or the like. To the outside can get. This is shown in a test result: In a polyurethane solution (4 grams of polyurethane dissolved in 96 grams of tetrahydrofuran) become 4 grams of iodine Polyvinylpirrolidone (disinfectant) added in colloidal form.

The polymer solution thus obtained was sprayed into air by means of compressed air and this resulted in the formation of polyurethane fibers with embedded iodine-containing polyvinylpyrrolidone. As these fibers, a nonwoven fabric was prepared whose fibers cohesive were glued together by these fibers with a still moist sticky surface were attached to the fleece. This fiber fleece was placed in water (temperature 200 C) and after 5 hours almost all of the disinfectant was out of the fibers diffuses into the water. This disinfectant was colloidal in the polymer solution and was thus embedded in the fibers with this particle size.

The polymer dissolved in the solution can preferably be polyurethane be. But other plastics are also possible, preferably polysulfones, polyamides, regenerated cellulose and polyvinyl chloride. A prepolymer can preferably be urethane prepolymer containing free isocyanate groups can be used.

In some cases it can also be provided that the solution is different Contains polymers and / or prepolymers.

If necessary, the solution can also be such that the Plastic results in porous fibers, be it with or without the assistance of the or the additives. For example can make the fibers porosity be imparted by adding sugar, salts or polymerislte or a other substances are mixed in that are embedded in them during the manufacture of the fibers is and selectively released from the fibers after the fiber production has taken place, for example is washed out in such a way that this makes the fiber porous, but the one or the other Additives still remain in the fibers, be it wholly or partly in still sufficient. With the late medical use of the fibers this will accelerates and / or increases the delivery of additives.

The invention also includes at least one additive containing Fibers made by the method of the present invention.

A wide variety of solvents can be used to prepare the solution for the polymers or prepolymers are used, in particular organic Solvents, primarily those solvents that are indifferent to the Polymers, prepolymers and the additives are, such as aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic or cyclic ethers, aliphatic Ketones, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic alcohols, chlorinated hydrocarbons, Esters, aliphatic and aromatic amides, pyridines and other heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen and / or oxygen and / or sulfur atoms. It is in some cases possible, for example with cellulose, that inorganic solvents are also used or can be used with, for example sulfuric or nitric acid. the The selection of the solvent or the mixture of solvents depends on the additives to be used and / or whether they are dissolved or dispersed should be available.

Come as gaseous media into which the solution is sprayed primarily in question: air, nitrogen, ammonia, noble gases, carbon dioxide, water vapor and mixtures of such gases. In particular, gaseous media are used, in which the solvent or mixture of solvents evaporate rapidly can, this possibly also being favored by the increased temperature of the medium can be.

In the case of a prepolymer, the gaseous medium turns it into a Transferred polymer, for example, the prepolymer can contain isocyanate groups Urethane prepolymer and the medium water vapor or ammonia, which make up this prepolymer convert into a polyurethane.

The liquid media into which the solution is sprayed are those in question in which the dispersion breaks or the dissolved fiber-forming substance or substances are precipitated out of the solution. In particular, such media come in question, in which the solvent of the solution is either insoluble or sparingly soluble is or evaporated or heavily diluted under the prevailing temperature conditions is, whereby the Polymeri§a is precipitated into fibers or the prepolymer into the Polymerisa passes over to form the fibers.

In the drawing, an embodiment is one for implementation of the method according to the invention suitable device shown schematically.

The figure shows a pneumatic compressed air atomizer nozzle 10, the has a connection piece 11 for compressed air supplied by a compressed air source 12, which via a channel 13 and branch channels 14 into an annular space 15 and from there through an annular gap 16 encompassing a cannula 18 flows out of the cannula 18 outflowing solution supplied from a storage container 17 for the purpose of formation sprayed by individual fibers. This solution can be generated by this compressed air Be sucked in under pressure and / or by an inside of the solution containing, connected to the cannula 18 reservoir 17 generated overpressure from the cannula 18 emanate. The storage container 17 can therefore be under internal pressure or not, depending on the desired funding.

The conveyed amount of solution is also by means of an adjusting needle 18 'adjustable. The compressed air sprays the solution so that it is continuously broken down into particles is decomposed, which together have a large surface and so the solvent from the Fiber-forming substances can evaporate quickly and fibers from these substances develop.

The solution is a solution that has at least one Polymeric acid and / or prepolymer, preferably polyurethane, dissolved and further at least contains an additive in finely divided form or in solution. This solution is through the compressed air is sprayed so that downstream of the atomizer nozzle 10 Form polymeric fibers in the air, in which the additive or additives are incorporated and / or attached to their surfaces.

At a distance from the nozzle 10 stone endless, driven conveyor belt or sieve 20 arranged on which the fibers produced are deposited and by means of which it to a take-off point having a driven pair of take-off rollers 21 be transported. If the synthetic fibers are still sticky and damp are deposited on the conveyor belt 20, they stick together to form a fiber fleece. If, on the other hand, the distance between the conveyor belt 20 and the atomizing nozzle 10 is so great is that the fibers with a sufficiently dried surface on the Deposit conveyor belt 20, they do not stick together and in this case The fiber structure then obtained can then also be used in products other than nonwovens further processed.

These fibers, produced in the spray process, have different fibers Lengths and titers. Their fineness and their stacking diagram can be identified by that of the Compressed air generated negative pressure and / or generated by a in the reservoir 17 Overpressure and also by the type and viscosity of the solution and the amount of time the one flowing out of the cannula 18. Solution vary.

Below are some recipes for making solutions with Brought additives from which, for example, by means of the one shown in the drawing Device or fibers attached to them with / additives embedded in them can be produced. The examples given became practical in the experiment using a compressed air atomizer nozzle shown in the drawing is practical Tried using the specified compressed air pressures. The solution was while the atomizer nozzle is pressureless or with relatively low pressures of up to 1 in cash.

Application examples All data refer to parts or percentages focus on the weight.

Basic recipes (GR) 1. Four parts of a hydrolysis-resistant polyether urethane, made from an aliphatic polyether with terminal OH groups and a aromatic diisocyanate available from Upjohn, the Netherlands, under the trade name Pellethane 2363-80 AE is marketed and meets the requirements of class 6 a of the FDA complies, are dissolved in 96 parts of tetrahydrofuran at 50 to 550C. the The viscosity of the solution determined by means of a rotary viscometer is 78 mPa.s.

2. The starting product of the recipe is a 30% solution of a polyester urethane in a mixture of toluene, xylene and ethylene glycol in the ratio 29:20:21, the by Bayer AS, Leverkusen, under the name Impranil ELH is brought.

The polyester urethane used was made from an aliphatic polyester with terminal OH groups and an aliphatic diisocyanate.

200 parts of the above solution are made with a mixture Dilute 150 parts of toluene and 90 parts of acetone; subsequently be under lively 70 parts of 2-propanol are added with stirring. The determined by means of a rotational viscometer The viscosity of the solution was 52 mPas.

3 ¢ 25 parts of a polyether urethane made from an aliphatic Polyethers with terminal OH groups and an aromatic diisocyanate derived from the company Goodrich, Eschborn, is sold under the trade name Estane 5714, are in a mixture of 80 parts of toluene, 40 parts of dimethylformamide and 80 Parts of acetone dissolved at 50 ° C; then 60 parts are added with vigorous stirring Propanol-2 added. The viscosity of the determined by means of a rotational viscometer Solution is 49 mPas.

4. 5 parts of polyamide made from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid / are made from a solution of 80 parts of phenol in 20 parts of water at 40 - 450C solved. The viscosity of the solution determined by means of a rotary viscometer is 58 mPa-s.

5. 3 parts of regenerated cellulose are in ammoniacal at room temperature Copper salt solution (Schweizer's reagent) to a viscous, gelatinous, deep blue Dissolved porridge.

6. 40 parts of a macrodiisocyanate formed by linking an average of two linear polyester molecules with terminal OH groups with 3 molecules of naphthalene diisocyanate, in a mixture of 30 parts and xylene 30 parts of ethyl glycol acetate dissolved at room temperature. The rotational viscometer certain viscosity of the solution is 64 mPaqs 7.10 parts polyvinyl chloride, which is sold by the chemical works in Hüls under the trade name Vestolit, are dissolved in 70 parts of tetrahydrofuran at 40-450C.

This solution will deton for 20 minutes and 40 seconds while stirring vigorously Parts of 2-propanol are added. The viscosity determined by means of a rotary viscometer the solution is 51 mPas.

EXAMPLES Example 1 In 100 parts of GR 1, 1.5 Parts of aluminum dust (particle size 4-6x10-3 cm) are stirred in.

The viscosity of the solution increases from 78 mPa.s to 86 mPa.s.

This solution is through a two-fluid nozzle with a compressed air pressure sprayed humidity of 5 bar in air at 220C and 45% relative air. Here fibers are formed which are deposited on a carrier.

Example 2 0.2 part of iodine-containing polyvinylpyrrolidone, which is approx. 10% contains active iodine, are dissolved in 0.3 parts of ethanol. This solution is in 100 Parts GR1 entered, the viscosity of the polymer solution being constant at 78 mPa.s. remain. Then the total solution is through a two-substance nozzle with a compressed air pressure sprayed from 4 bar in air of 220C and 45e relative humidity.

This creates fibers that are deposited on a carrier.

EXAMPLE 3 1.2 parts of silicon dioxide are added to 100 parts of GR 2 using a magnetic stirrer (Particle size approx. 7 x 10'7 cm) as ad or. Stirred in absorbent. The viscosity the solution increases from 52 mPa.s to 57 mPa.s. This solution is through a two-substance nozzle with a compressed air pressure of 4 bar in air at 220C and 45% relative humidity sprayed.

This creates fibers that are deposited on a carrier.

Example 4 Example 3 is repeated, but using as an additive 8 parts hotmelt adhesive based on polyester (particle size 0-70 x 10-4 cm), of the Shaetti company is marketed under the name Shaettifix 1800, as Binder is used. The viscosity of the solution increases from 52 mpa.s to 76 mPa.s; the spray pressure is 5 bar.

Example 5 The fibers produced according to Example 4 are drier with Surface with no preferred direction deposited on a flat support surface. It arises a tangled fiber fleece with incorporated and attached binder particles. Will this 5th Minutes in the drying cabinet heated to 1150C, so the fibers are melted by the Binder adhesively bonded to one another. It can also be used to create a permanent connection such a fleece on other surfaces, e.g. B. Metal, Example 6.

1.2 parts of sodium chloride are added to 100 parts of GR 2 using a magnetic stirrer stirred in. The solution is through a two-fluid nozzle with a compressed air pressure of 4.5 bar injected into fully demineralized water (hereinafter referred to as fully demineralized water). the The fibers that form are deposited on a carrier in the water.

EXAMPLE 7 0.9 parts are added to 100 parts of GR 3 with rapid stirring stirred in bl. The viscosity of the solution remains constant at 49 mPas. This solution is through a two-substance nozzle with a compressed air pressure of 3 bar in air of 22 0C and 45 g of relative humidity sprayed. Fibers are formed in this process the oil droplets are embedded, which are deposited on a carrier.

Example 8 0.8 parts of powdered sugar are added to 100 parts of GR 3 using a magnetic stirrer stirred in. The viscosity of the solution increases from 49 mPa.s to 51 mPa.s. This solution is through a two-substance nozzle with a compressed air pressure of 3-3.5 bar in air of 220C and 45% relative humidity sprayed. The through this spraying process The fibers produced are stored in deionized water from 24 to 24 hours after their production 25 C, where the icing sugar is selectively leached out with the formation of porous fibers will.

Example 9 2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene powder are added to 100 parts of GR 4 using a magnetic stirrer (Particle size approx. 8.10-4 cm, molecular weight 4.105 to 9.105) / stirred. The viscosity the solution rises from 49 mPa.s to 56 mPa. 5 The solution is through a two-substance nozzle sprayed into deionized water with a compressed air pressure of 2 to 2.5 bar. The fibers formed are deposited on a carrier in the water.

Then the aer by spraying with polytetrafluoroethylene mixed solution produced fibers 24 hours after their production in 80% igem Ethanol stored at 20-220C, with phenol remaining on the fiber surface is replaced.

Example 10 0.6 parts are added to 100 parts of GR 5 with vigorous stirring Activated carbon (particle size 3-5 x 10 cm) as ad or

Absorbent and 1.2 parts of a polyacrylate (particle size 2-4 x 10 3 cm) as a binder in the form of a 30% two-component nozzle with an aqueous dispersion stirred in. The solution is by a / compressed air pressure of 4.5-5 bar in hydrochloric acid the concentration 0.1 mol / liter with a flow velocity of 1.5-2 m / s sprayed. Fibers are formed here.

Example 11 The fibers formed according to Example 10 are on a flat support surface in the hydrochloric acid without a preferred direction to one Random fiber fleece deposited. After neutralization and drying of the fiber fleece with activated carbon and binding agent particles, this is 6 - 8 Minutes in the drying cabinet heated to 1300C, whereby the fibers through the melting Glue the binders together using an adhesive.

Example 12 8 parts of graphite are added to 100 parts of GR 6 using a magnetic stirrer (Particle size approx. 8 x 10-4 cm) stirred in. The viscosity of the solution increases from 64 mPas to 72 mPa's. The solution is through a two-fluid nozzle with a compressed air pressure of 2-2.5 bar in a mixture / of methanol and deionized water in a ratio of 8: 2 with at a flow velocity of 0.5 m / s. The fibers that form are deposited on a carrier in the liquid medium.

Example 13 Example 12 is repeated, but using as an additive 8 parts of calcium sulfate (particle size approx. 10-3 cm) as binder be used. The viscosity of the solution increases from 64 mPa.s to 73 mPa.s.

Example 14 5 parts of molybdenum disulfide are added to 100 parts of GR 7 using a magnetic stirrer (Particle size 6 - 8 x 10 3 cm) stirred in as a dry lubricant. The viscosity the solution increases from 51 mPas to 63 mPa.s. This solution is through a two-substance nozzle with a compressed air pressure of 3.5 bar in air at 220C and 45% relative humidity sprayed.

This creates fibers that are deposited on a carrier.

Example 15 A polymer solution with an additive according to the example is used 8 and another polymer solution according to Example 1 prepared.

These are sprayed one after the other under the conditions described. The resulting fibers with the various additives are sequentially deposited on the same carrier to form a fiber fleece, the fibers with still moist stickier cohesively bonded together. A layered structure is created Non-woven fabric, one layer of which contains 23% aluminum dust; the other The layer exists after the fleece has been stored for 24 hours in demineralized water at 24 - 250C, whereby the icing sugar was selectively leached out of porous fibers.

Example 16 A polymer solution with additive according to example is used 2 and another polymer solution according to Example 4 were prepared.

These are taken from different fuel nozzles at the same time under the conditions described sprayed; the resulting fibers with the different types Additives are deposited simultaneously on the same support, so that at more cohesive Combination of the fibers with a sticky, moist surface creates a mixed fiber fleece, in which there is a statistical distribution of the various fibers. will this The fibers are heated in a drying cabinet at 1100C for an additional 5 minutes additionally adhesively bonded to one another by the melting binding agent.

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Claims (31)

Claims 10 method for the production of semi-synthetic and / or synthetic fibers for technical purposes by spraying a solution at least one polymeric compound in a medium in which the fibers form from the sprayed solution within the medium, characterized in that that such to be sprayed, at least one polymer and / or at least one Prepolymer-containing solution is used in which at least one additive with a special technical effect dispersed and / or dissolved is contained, the during the spraying and / or in the wake of the spraying of the solution into the gaseous state or liquid medium is at least partially embedded and / or in the resulting fibers is deposited on their surfaces. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of at least one polymer and / or at least one prepolymer to be sprayed containing solution containing at least one additive with special technical Effect contains at least two differently composed solutions separately from each other simultaneously or one after the other in the gaseous or liquid medium are sprayed in such a way that at least two differently structured fibers are produced. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least an additive is used that is molecularly dispersed in the solution or is resolved. 4. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is in the solution colloidal is contained. 5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is in the solution is contained in coarsely dispersed form. 6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used, the one in the solution emulsified liquid is. 7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that at least 90 percent by weight, preferably at least 95 percent by weight of the additive used in the resulting fibers and / or deposited will. 8. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that such a solution is sprayed into the medium that fibers form, in which a maximum of 80 percent by weight, preferably a maximum of 50 percent by weight of the fibers consist of the one or more incorporated and / or deposited additives. 9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is an additive or Absorbent, preferably activated carbon or silicon dioxide is. 10 The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is a dry lubricant, is preferably graphite, molybdenum disulfide or polytetrafluoroethylene powder. 11. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is metal dust. 12. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is a binder is. 13 The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that at least one additive is used which is a disinfectant is. 14. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that at least one additive is used, the one in the polymer solution is emulsified or dissolved liquid, which when spraying the polymer solution in a gaseous medium forms droplets, which when the fibers arise in them be encapsulated. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that that a polyurethane is used as the polymer dissolved in the solution. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that that a polyamide is used as the Polymerimat dissolved in the solution. 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that that a polyvinyl chloride is used as the polymer dissolved in the solution. 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that that regenerated cellulose is used as the polymer dissolved in the solution. 19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in, that as the prepolymer dissolved in the solution a free isocyanate group having Urethane prepolymer is used. 20. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized characterized in that such a solution is used in as an additive a substance is dissolved or dispersed, which when the solution is sprayed into the Fibers embedded and selectively formed in the liquid medium from the fibers is detached from porous fibers. 21. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized characterized in that such a solution is used in as an additive a substance is dissolved and / or dispersed, which when the solution is sprayed in a gaseous medium is stored in the fibers for the most part and then in a liquid medium selectively from the fibers to form porous fibers is released. 22. The method according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that that as an additive a substance soluble in a liquid medium, preferably Sugar, soluble salt or soluble polymer is used. 23o method according to at least one of claims 1 to 22, characterized characterized in that at least two additives are used in the solution are compatible with each other and show mutually compatible effects and / or unfold. 24 Use of the according to the method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 23 produced fibers for the production of fiber bandages. 25. Use according to claim 24 for the production of fiber composite laminates. 26. Use according to claim 25 for the production of fiber composite laminates with contents of differently structured additives. 27. Use according to at least one of claims 24 to 26 for production of nonwovens. 28. Use according to at least one of claims 24 to 27 for production of fibers cohesively bonded together. 29. Use according to at least one of claims 24 to 27 for production of adhesively bonded fibers. 300 Use according to one of claims 12 or 24 to 27 and 29 for Production of fiber assemblies with glued together by the binding agent Fibers. 31. Fibers containing at least one additive produced according to the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 23.