DE312345C - - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to relays for signaling or telephone systems in which there is on it what matters is that they respond when the current is increased beyond a given limit, if the change in current is caused by a decrease in resistance in the external circuit of the relay, but this is not should respond if a similar change in current is caused by increasing the operating voltage he follows.

Such a task occurs e.g. B. then when a system during the charge and , Discharge remains connected to an accumulator battery, whereby the voltage a battery of e.g. B. six cells fluctuates from 10 to 14 volts. With the same exterior Resistance the currents also behave like 10: 14 = 5: 7. Now, however, z. B. the relay described below does not have a current of 0.24 amps but a current strength of 0.34 amperes resulting from a reduction in resistance respond safely, i.e. with a ratio that is also almost 5: 7.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the one winding of the relay in Series, the other is connected in parallel with the external circuit. If the Resistance in the circuit of the series winding, more current flows in this winding and at the same time the voltage drop created by its own resistance increases, so that the winding connected in parallel to the external circuit has less voltage, i.e. a lower voltage Receives electricity. On the other hand, if the voltage of the power source increases, the currents in both windings are increased, so that the relay is not energized.

Various exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawings of the invention.

In Fig. Ι an arrangement is shown in which a frequent interference is exposed Apparatus, e.g. B. an outdoor signal apparatus, monitored by a relay is that a flag makes a signal visible when a fault occurs, this However, the signal disappears again as soon as the disturbance is removed again.

A is the signal, e.g. B. telephone set, which is fed from a power source B via the lines α and b. R is the relay according to the invention with the opposing windings p and s. These are connected to the circuit a, b in such a way that the winding p is in series with the signal apparatus A and the winding s is parallel to it. T ₁ and r ₂ are contacts of the relay R, while c is a capacitor and S is a flag.

The relay is built so that it just closes the contacts at 40 ampere turns, at 50 ampere turns the contacts close securely, at 30 ampere turns the contacts close certainly does not close, and after an excitement when going down to 30 ampere-turns the Contacts safely reopen.

The following calculation shows that the parallel connection of a second telephone set with a 30 ohm resistor to signal set A causes the relay to respond. It should be noted that according to

Experience gained from connecting a second device to a line in such systems hardly noticeably suffers. In other words, the relay is so sensitive that it can already responds to a shunt that does not affect the quality of the speech.

The current conditions with an apparatus A are as follows:

Total current =

volt

12th

0.240 amps.

15 + 2.5 + 30 + 2.5 Ohm 50 The winding φ therefore generates 200 X 0.24 = + 48 ampere turns.

The winding s produces - 5 500 X X 0.24 = - 30 ampere turns.

The relay receives +18 ampere turns and therefore does not respond. With two devices A connected in parallel, the current ratios are as follows:

Volts 12

Total current = = = 0.340 amps.

15 + 2.5 + 15 + 2.5 35.

The winding φ therefore generates + 200 X 0.34 == +68 ampere-turns.

The winding s generates - 5 500 X

ι 520

X 0.340

24 ampere turns.

The relay receives -f- 44 ampere turns and will respond accordingly.

Line disturbances from z. B. 5 Ohm resistance, which has a sensitive effect on the speech quality, are always less than the resistance of the station itself. So you become the relay to make you respond with certainty.

The described parallel connection of a second station changes the total resistance from 35 to 20 ohms, i.e. by 15 ohms or around 40 percent. Table I below shows now that an equally large change in the voltage of the power source will certainly not cause the relay to respond.

Resistance of the voltage ampere-turns of apparatus A of the battery f minus s

30 ohms 10 volts around 15 30 - 12 - - 18th 30 - 14 - 21st 5 - IO - - 66 5 - 12 - - 79 5 - 14 - - 92

Since now the relay R with 50 Amperewindun-. responds, in the worst case, namely with a battery voltage of 10 volts, 66 ampere turns are effective, i.e. an excess of 32 percent is available, and if the relay is to drop its armature again after the fault has been removed, then in the worst case, namely with a battery voltage of 14 volts, only 21 ampere turns effective, ie only 70 percent of the 30 ampere turns at least required to hold the relay. All resistors and numbers of turns are chosen so that the normal operating current is significantly below the current at which the relay could still hold its armature after its operation.

If you take z. If, for example, the device A is a telephone set that can be connected to other telephone sets via the lines a !, V , the self-induction of the winding φ of the relay R must be switched off during the call, which is achieved by bridging the winding φ is effected by a capacitor c . If the disturbance (e.g. 5 ohms) which inadmissibly reduces the speech quality occurs, this disturbance also affects the z. B. over a ', b' connected telephones.

In order to prevent this, the relay R opens the capacitor circuit (shown in dotted lines) at r ₂ in the operation which can be considered as armature tightening in the example according to FIG. 1. The contact r ₂ can also be omitted if the apparent resistance of the bridging is selected to be higher than the resistance of the disturbance causing the activation of the fault signal.

Fig. 2 shows a circuit arrangement in which the relay of the invention for call seekers serves as a test relay in telephone systems with dialer operation.

With A is a subscriber station, with AR the call relay assigned to the line a, b of this station in the office, with T the isolating relay of the line, with AS a call seeker and with R the relay of the invention with its two windings φ and s. 'The mode of operation of this arrangement is as follows:

When the receiver is picked up at station A , the relay AR responds in a known manner and applies ground to its contact ar _x via a 200-ohm winding of the isolating relay T to the test contact c of the caller ^ 4S. Relay AR also closes a circuit via its contact ar ₂ , which is connected to earth

Contact ar ₂ , line 2, starter contact k of all free call seekers united with AS and lead via winding s and p of relay R to battery 40 V and earth. In this circuit, the relays .R speak to the free call seekers and set them in a known manner, for. B. by switching on the moving magnet through the relay 7? in adjustment movement.

As soon as one of the call seekers set in motion reaches the calling line, their relay T is energized on the way: earth, ar _lt 200-ohm winding of relay T, brush c, p, 40-volt battery. The relay R drops its armature immediately because it is repolarized when the brush c hits the relay Γ: ampere turns before c meets T

current

40 volts

100 -j- ι 000 ohms

- ~ "TST ^ r ^r - = °. ° 36 amps,

Winding p = - 0.036 χ 6οο .--

Winding s —- -f 0.036 χ 3 500: ■■ -

21 ampere turns to respond,
126 ampere turns,
105 ampere turns.

After brush c hits T

are the .200-ohm winding of the relay T and the ι 000-ohm winding s connected in parallel.

The excitation of the relay R is as follows:

The parallel connection of 1,000 and 200 ohms results in 166 ohms; the total current is therefore

40 V

100 -j- 166

= 0.150 amps.

Winding p therefore produces - 0.150 X 600 .-- - 90 ampere turns,

200 turns s produces + 0.150 X "- ·· X 3 500 : -.-. -F- 87 ampere-turns.

ι

The relay receives -3 ampere turns instead of the previous -j- 105, has accordingly been reversed, so that it drops its armature very quickly and stops the caller in a known manner. The relay T switches off the relay AR of the calling line at its contacts t _x , L ₁ , whereupon it is de-energized and its contacts ai \, ar., Opens. The relay T also closes its contact I ₃ and now holds on via its 200-ohm and an 800-ohm winding in series with the winding p of the relay R until the connection leading via the caller .4.S "is triggered . energized when stopping the call finder ^ 4S be starter contact is opened k in any known manner, so that the call viewfinder can by further calls are not affected by opening the contact k although the back magnetization. (~ \ - 87 ampere-turns) of the winding s repealed , but the relay R cannot respond because the current in the winding p was weakened by the connection of the 800 ohms in the relay so that the relay T only

- 600 χ

40 volts

100 + 200 + 800 - = - 22 ampere turns

receives what is not enough to address. When the relay AR is de-energized, the circuit at ar. ₂ also interrupted for the relays R of the further free call seekers set in motion at the same time as the call seeker AS, and these are also shut down.

The following tasks now occur with these arrangements:

As long as the test arms of the call seeker AS run over c-contacts of non-calling or busy lines, the armatures of their test relays R must not drop out.

Furthermore, when two or more call seekers are non-calling or calling simultaneously or occupied lines are allowed to

Avoid double occupancy of the armature none of the test relays R drop out.

The armature of the test relay R may only drop out if a single test arm reaches the c-contact of a calling line.

These objects are fully achieved by applying the invention, e.g. B. in the manner shown in the drawings.

In FIGS. 3 to 6, the various for the arrangement of FIG. 2 are in the setting the call viewer shows the states in question.

3 shows the state when two call seekers AS encounter a non-calling line. Here the call seekers check the

overrun lines with the help of a special contact arm that is rotated from line to line. In Fig. 3 the test contact arms of two call seekers are indicated and that the arm c belongs to the call seeker .15, c 'to the call seeker ^ 4S'. The dash-dotted circular arcs represent the sets of contacts that have been crossed, with the contacts with the same number being connected by multiple lines. A test relay 72 or 72 'is assigned to each test arm. In the illustrated embodiment, neither of the two test relays R, R 'can respond because the same potential prevails on both contact arms. The simultaneous impact of two contact arms on a contact that is not designated as "calling" means that there is no change in potential necessary to excite a test relay.

4 shows the state when a single call seeker AS hits the! 'Relay of the calling line, which is characterized by the closed contact Ur ₁ , the armature of the relay R falling. The reference symbols ^ iS, c and p again have the same meaning as before. T is the isolating relay that is assigned to a calling subscriber line. ar _x is a contact that is dependent on the line relay of the calling line and is closed as soon as the subscriber has taken the receiver off the hook. The details of this circuit are known (see e.g. patent specification 176828, FIG. 11). If the participant called, the contact a> \ is closed. At the moment shown, the test arm c hits the contact marked as "calling", so that the low-resistance relay! ' is connected in parallel to the high-resistance winding s, whereby the current in the winding p of the test relay is increased, but is weakened in s.

Fig. 5 shows the state when two call seekers hit the calling line, their test relays R must remain energized. In this case, the two call seekers ΛS and AS ' have run into the test contact marked as calling by closing the contact aT _{1 of a subscriber line relay.} The current flowing through the relay Γ is distributed over the two windings p and p 'of the test relays R and R'. The voltage drop occurring in the windings p and f is therefore much smaller than in the state according to FIG. 4. The parallel connection of the low-resistance relay T to the one winding s in FIG the parallel connection of the relay T in FIG. 5 to the windings s, s' already connected in parallel. This fact enables the relays 72 and R ' not to respond in the circuit state shown in FIG.

Fig. 6 shows the state when a call seeker / IS encounters a busy line, the test relay R must remain energized. As has been described for FIG. 2, the circuit state after the setting of a call seeker on the calling line is that the isolating relay T has closed its contact t _z. The call relay AR has been deenergized and has reopened contact Ur _1. The winding s of the test relay R is de-energized. This condition is shown in Fig. 6 for call finder ^ 4S '. The call finder AS now switches in parallel to the call finder AS '. The now high-resistance relay T now draws current via the parallel windings p ' and p, whereby only a small voltage drop is generated across the winding p. Since the relay T is also highly resistive in this switching state, its parallel connection to the winding s of the caller AS does not mean a large voltage drop at the end points of the winding s. Due to these circumstances, the relay R remains energized.

From the voltages given in these figures in connection with the resistances and the number of turns according to Fig. 2, the following table can be calculated:

Fig. 3: On meeting non-calling lines + 105 ampere turns,

Fig. 4: Individual check for call - 3 ampere turns,

Fig. 5: Double check for call + 50 ampere turns,

Fig. 6: Individual test for occupied lines + 105 ampere turns,

Similar double testing on occupied lines + 105 ampere turns.

The calculation of the numbers for FIGS. 3 and 4 are set out above. The remaining Numbers result in the same way from the figures.

Assuming a relay R which picks up its armature at 50 ampere turns and lets it drop out at 25 ampere turns, this relay fulfills the specified conditions with great certainty. In particular, the relay armature is thrown off very quickly when there is no single test (Fig. 4), since counter-magnetization then occurs.

In these examples, the winding p is the coil in which an increasing current increases the number of ampere turns of the relay 72, but which also causes an increased voltage drop for the winding s of the relay, so that the increase in current is also associated with a voltage drop.

In Fig. 7 an arrangement is shown in which the relay of the invention in his Operations disconnects the disturbed line.

With A is a subscriber station, with α, b the subscriber line, with R the relay according to the invention with its two windings ft and s, and with B an office battery. Z ₁ , Z ₂ represent two common lines designed as busbars to which other circuits, e.g. B. for the stations A _lt A ₂ , are connected. Assume now that the resistance

ίο the illustrated station A of the circuit a, b z. B. is reduced by its shunt O below an allowable amount, this disruption could also the traffic

circuits of stations A ₁ , A ₂ that are not disturbed suffer if the disturbed line is not switched off.

The relay has the same properties as the relay used for the circuit according to FIG. 1, and has the windings p with 15 ohms and 250 turns, and s with ohms and 5,000 turns. A voltage of 10 volts prevails on the busbars Z ₁ , Z _2.

In a state of excitement are present

Current = 0.2 amps

15 + 5 + 30

• s = - 5,000 X = + 250 X 0.200 = + 50 ampere-turns
30th

335 X 0.200 = - 105 ampere turns
so - 55 ampere turns,

where the relay will certainly both respond and hold.

If a second station A is connected in parallel, the

Ci.

Current =

^I0

^I0 A

= = o, 2Qo amps

15 + 5 + 15 35

■ p = + 250 X 0.290 = + 72 amp turns - 5,000 X - ^^ - X 0.290 = - 90 amp turns

320 that is, 18 ampere-turns.

The relay will certainly drop its armature.

The line is associated with a changeover switch U _1, U _2, U _a. In the rest position it assumes position 3. Position 1 means "permanently disturbed". If the station A is to be called, the switch U ₁ , U ₂ , u _{3 is} temporarily brought to position 4, to which alternating current is connected. If the relay R is to be energized again after a fault has been rectified , the switch U ₁ , u _{2 is} temporarily set to position 2, so that the following circuit is closed: Battery B, D, U ₁ in position 2, s, U ₂ in position 2, D, B. The excitation takes place with

- 5,000 X = - 167 ampere turns,

which let the relay respond safely.

Claims (7)

Patent Claims: i. Circuit arrangement for relays in signaling or telephone systems, characterized by two windings (p, s) magnetizing the relay (R) in opposite directions, the excitation of which depends on the one hand from the operating voltage (battery B) and on the other hand from the load in the external circuit (A in Fig . 1, Tm Fig. 2,3,4,5,6) is made dependent in such a way that a change in the voltage of the battery (B) increases the currents in both windings (p, s) in the same sense (i.e. increasing or weakening), while a change in current caused by a change in resistance in the external circuit [A ₁ T) changes the currents in both windings [ft, s) in an opposite sense (ie one weakening, the other strengthening). 2. Circuit arrangement according to claim i, characterized in that one winding (ρ) of the relay (R) in series with the apparatus (^ 4) lying in its outer circuit (a, b ) and the other winding (s) in parallel this is switched. 3. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the relay (R) when malfunctions occur in the external circuits, e.g. B. by shunts in the line cores (a, b) or an increase in resistance in these, the passage of speech currents from the other lines (a ', b') into the disturbed line (a, b) is prevented (opening of r ₂ in Fig. 1 ) and thereby suitably a malfunction signal (indicator S in Fig. 1) turns on. 4. Circuit arrangement according to claim i, wherein several intercommunicating connecting lines («, b, a ', V , etc. Fig. 1) are secured against speech loss by the battery by common choke coils (DD, Fig. i), characterized in that each line (a, b, a ', V, Fig. i) is assigned its own relay (R) , the harmful self-induction of which (ft) is bridged by speech current paths (c) that are well permeable for speech currents, the relay (R) only to switch on a fault signal ίο (S) serves and the apparent resistance the bridging is chosen to be higher than the resistance of the switching on of the Fault sign (S) causing fault. 5. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by such a choice of the resistance and turn ratios of the windings (ft, s) of the relay (R) that its usual excitation (Table I, 15 to 21 ampere turns) substantially outside the excitation ( Holding excitation, 30 ampere turns), in which the relay (R) remains held after its operation (pickup excitation 45 to 50 ampere turns) in the assumed state (armature remains attracted at more than 30 ampere turns), for the purpose of releasing the relay (R ) to automatically return to the normal state after the process (malfunction) causing the change in state (response) has been remedied. 6. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the relay (R in Fig. 7) in its operations the line used for its change of state (a, b in Fig. 7) and at the same time its windings (ft, s ) from the battery (B) . 7. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3 for telephone systems, the relay windings in the telephone line being bridged by capacitors (c in Fig. 1), characterized in that the relay (R in Fig. 1) opens the capacitor circuit (at r _{2) during its operation.} 1 sheet of drawings.