DE3118626A1 - Trigger pulse transmitter for driving one or more power semiconductors in a potential-free manner - Google Patents

Abstract

During the period when a power semiconductor (i) is switched on, the secondary winding (17) of a transformer is connected with one connection (18) to the one terminal (15) and with the other connection (19) via two switches (11 and 12) alternately to the one terminal (15) and to the other terminal (16) of a voltage source. In consequence, the transformer is alternately energised and demagnetised. The secondary current flowing whenever it is energised charges a capacitor (22) via a Zener diode (21), which capacitor (22) discharges into the control path of the power semiconductor (i), which path is connected in parallel with a resistor (23). In order to generate a blocking voltage to block the power semiconductor, during the switch-on pauses when the switch (1) is open and the switch (2) is closed, the connection (18) of the primary winding is also connected via alternately operated switches (13, 14) to the two terminals (15, 16) of the voltage source. In consequence, field-effect transistors (1, 2) connected in particular in the path of an invertor bridge circuit can be driven in a complementary manner, in that a corresponding secondary circuit (30-33) is also provided for the second power semiconductor (2). <IMAGE>

Description

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SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT _ ^ _ Our mark Berlin and Munich VPA 8! P 3 G 6 7 Dl

Zümdimpulsiftträger for potential-free control of one or more power semiconductors

The invention relates to a Ziindimpulstransfer for a power semiconductor with the features of the generic term of claim 1.

Such ignition pulse transmitters are shown in FIG. 1 of DE-AS 24 3i 285. In parallel with the control path of a thyristor, there is a capacitance on the one hand, and a resistor on the other, and this parallel circuit is connected to the secondary winding of a transmission transformer via a diode. The primary power of this transformer lies with one connection on the eisaea pole and with the other connection via a switching transistor on the other pole of a voltage source. For the switching duration of the thyristor, the switching transistor is controlled to be conductive with a pulse that is applied over the entire switch-on duration. In order to quickly demagmetize the transformer when the switching transistor is switched off, an anti-parallel connection of a diode and a Zener diode is provided in parallel with the primary winding.

With such an arrangement, a short pulse on the control line of the switching transistor can be transmitted via the transformer to the control path of the thyristor in such a way that the reference potential of the switching transistor can be selected independently of the reference potential on the thyristor cathode for the control connection of the thyristor (potential separation). However, longer pulses cannot be transmitted by the transformer ₉ so that in particular an ignition

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Pulse transmission to Lei Stuxig's transistors or other power semiconductors, which during the entire ice life require a corresponding control voltage, is not possible. Even with Tuiyristören _s the shutdown daiaer provided within the oiler as a result of ignition oscillations when the LaKtstroKtes are switched on after a kwraer "ignition impulse" would be lost again, a control voltage applied over the entire switch-on period would be advantageous, jeäocii feasι it leniäβelε this leniäβelε , that öwrcSi Pia I sea des Priraärst rosse s are transmitted to two transformer transformers aw impulses;

The invention is to specify the Amfgato © ZUgTHmOe ₉ © imeia as simple and versatile as possible, in which © in the tiber lämger © pending switch-on signal 2wr fsotamtialfreisn control of a power semiconductor, ins ^ esosiöer © © ines power transistor j im © in the corresponding _? practically during the entire period of time a constant control signal for the control path of the power semiconductor is transferred. This Zündimpulsitbertrager is for the control of discrete semiconductors or for the simultaneous activation of a plurality of connected parallel or in series Leistumgshalbleiterm _t particularly suitable but can thus in a simple manner in push-pull to be controlled Leistungshalbleitergnappen, that is, arrangements in which a semiconductor group is always turned on when the smäere off is (kompl®ia © sJitM, re drive) connected wsrdem ₅ as s, 3, feei bridge scarf obligations required in inverters is _o

The ignition coil according to the invention is accordingly trained the Merkraalesi des Amsprucfees 1 »

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During the switch-on period of the power semiconductor, the primary winding of the transmission transformer, one (first) connection of which is connected to the one (first) pole of the voltage source, is energized in a pulsed salt equilibrium current that the other (second) connection of the primary winding via a periodically opening and closing first switch is connected to the second pole of the voltage source. Alternating with the opening and closing of the first switch, a second switch is opened and closed, so that in each case when the first switch is open, a freewheeling circuit for the primary flow is created via the voltage source. Each time the primary current is switched on, a voltage is induced in the secondary winding, which charges the capacitor connected to the secondary winding (parallel capacitance of the control path) via the Zener diode polarized in the corresponding StromflussricSitung. During the freewheeling of the primary current, a discharge of the capacitor via the secondary winding is prevented by the Zener diode; rather, the capacitor can only be discharged slowly via the control path or a parallel resistor that also serves to protect the power semiconductor and is always discharged with the next pulse of the Primary current reloaded.

To the transformer when switching off the power & semiconductor to demagnetize quickly is advantageous in the connecting line between the first primary winding connection and the first voltage source pole third switch arranged, which during the Einsehaltsigaals, i.e. during the switch-on period, closed and opened to switch off the power semiconductor will. A fourth one is advantageously located between this first connection and the second pole of the voltage source Arranged switch that opens during the switch-on period and when the power semiconductor is switched off

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is at least briefly closed "This wirö across the primary winding a strorapuls" üätgi '^. ^ s-e'is sivtKis'r ball direction and the Tramsfonaaior corresponds iH'sr ura-. magnetized. The voltage pulse transmitted to the secondary side leads to a breakdown of the Zener diode and thus to a discharge of the capacitor and to an exact end of the ignition pulse ₀

It is advantageous to ₅ when öae in äesj from secondary winding, the Zener diode and the parallel circuit of capacitor control path and optionally Einesi resistance secondary circuit formed emtgegengesetüt siir Zener diode poled Entmagnetisierongsdiode with dasu parallel saturable reactor is arranged "The Sättigusigsdrossel effected at the beginning of elmm stop pulse a Delay of the charging current for the capacitor, so that the power semiconductor remains blocked at the beginning of a Zttadiiapulses for a defined closed time Zener diode short-circuits the charging current Ic.

The first switch is preferably switched off power semiconductor opened _s closed the sweite and the third and fourth switches in push-pull alternately opened and closed, the primary winding is thus traversed by current pulses, the flow direction is opposite relative to the Flwßrichtiang at eingeachaltetem power semiconductor _o result, the capacitor is recharged and on this ₉ the locked state of the power semiconductor corresponding voltage is recharged. This circuit is particularly advantageous for push-pull control (complementary control) of two power semiconductors, especially two in series.

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of the power semiconductor The use of power field effect transistors is particularly advantageous here. For these applications, the transformer has two windings on the secondary side, the second winding also being connected via a diode to a parallel _{circuit of a capacitor 9,} an resistor and the control path of the second power semiconductor. The two Zener diodes are polarized in such a way that with a given rhinestone flow direction in the primary winding only one of the Zener diodes is in the direction of the voltage induced in the secondary windings.

The invention thus makes it possible by means of a single Transmission transformer to the control lines Several power semiconductors, especially transistors, with practically constant long-term pulses with potential separation to put on.

Based on two Ausfiihrüngsbeispielen and four figures ^ i a Zündimpulsüberirager for two in the strand of a Wechselrichterbriickensclialtung arranged power semiconductors 2, the voltage levels occurring as well as parallel to a plurality of power semiconductors connected secondary circuit represent _s the invention is explained in more detail.

In Figure 1, the control electrodes 3 and h of the power semiconductors i and 2 are controlled in push-pull mode, in that the electrode 3 of the power semiconductor 1 is turned on and the control electrode h of the power semiconductor 2 is turned off by a negative voltage pulse U2 when there is a positive voltage pulse Ui, while in the next cycle the power semiconductor 1 is blocked by a negative voltage pulse Ui and the power semiconductor 2 is activated by a positive voltage pulse U2.

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conductor i is closed at least in the short term. The control signals UI3 »U14 for the switches 13 ₉ 14 can, for example, be derived from Uz and U ₀ by means of a NAND element 2h and inversion elements 25, 25 '.

During each positive pulse of the Uli Übertragertransfonaator 17, 20 is energized via the Spanmumgsquelle _v and n ä & Sekundäretrom the capacitor 22 is charged via the Zesierdiode 21st The Zener diode prevents the capacitor from discharging via the secondary winding 20, so that the capacitor 22 can only discharge slowly via the control path and the protective resistor 23. With the subsequent negative voltage level of Uli, which corresponds to a positive pulse of U12, the switch 11 is opened and the switch 12 closed, so that now 12, 13, 17, a demagnetization current can flow and provide the transformer _A is at a further positive Voltage pulse Uli generate a secondary electric shock sur recharging the capacitor 22 zn.

With the change in polarity of the switch-on signal Uz on the duration Tz, the first switch 11 is closed, the second switch 12 is closed and the third, fourth switch is now opened and closed alternately in counter-clockwise fashion. The primary winding 17 is connected to the poles 15 »16 of the voltage source in the opposite direction of current flow and the same process takes place as during the switch-on period, but with the opposite polarity of the current flow in the transformer 17, 20 and the voltage on the capacitor 22. As a result of the now against the Stromführungsriehtung and the Zener diode 21 flowing secondary current koraiat it already at the first short-term closing of the switch lh breakthrough at the Zener diode 21 and to an intermittent discharge of the capacitor 22, whereby the corresponding positive rectangle approximately eineia

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BATH ORIGINAL

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are connected via a zener diode with a parallel slide carriage made of buckets of capacitor, a resistor and the control path of the power semiconductor to be controlled. The Zeaerdiodes are polarized ₉ so that with a current flow direction in the primary winding only the Zener diodes belonging to the power semiconductors to be ignited at the same time lie in the direction of the voltages induced in the secondary windings. If the switches ii to 14 are actuated so that a secondary current flows in the secondary winding 20 belonging to the power semiconductor 1, which leads to a charge of the capacitor 20 leading to the ignition of the power semiconductor i, then the secondary winding 30 of the power semiconductor flows in the secondary winding 30 2 belonging, from the Zener diode and the parallel connection of the capacitor 32, the resistor 33 and the control path of the power semiconductor 2 belonging secondary circuit a current that leads ze bucket capacitor charging, through which the power arrester is blocked. Corresponding to the Zener diode 27, a series, oppositely polarized Zener diode 37 can also be provided here.

For the operation of such a bridge circuit, in order to avoid inverter short circuits, the advantage is that a short safety interval is maintained between the blocking of one power semiconductor and the ignition of the other power semiconductor T the activated power semiconductor is blocked quickly, but there is a brief charging delay at the start of the switch-on duration T. This is achieved by a diode 28 or 38 polarized opposite to the Zener diode 21 or 3i in the secondary circuit of the respective semiconductor arranged parallel to this saturation choke 29 or 39. The charging current for the capacitors

BATH ORIGINAL

22 bind. So 32 sets kit eir ;. ". * di» rcla Oie D? .iaas iG-aio.-.- ..:.; the saturation choke 2 '} bst-. ·. 3 ^,' -, eRe ^ eiiei '·.? γ? "κργ > ι- · ,; for dew F.sitlailosii-oE? si "-A ύ i - HH 2.VJ« ·; ■ !? ^;> . ■>? ■? * - ^: -? - * - j through the diode »28 tosw. 3B irurzKßKeJalniiMi-ir, ^" - dK the KomdsHsator was delayed? i? ii »ladeE bsw _o Γ ^ κ ^ ΐεϋ ^ κΐ:: · ^? The anaf this ¥ eise eatsteheadea Spanawagea Ui ν. ~ Ι

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BATH ORIGINAL

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Whether a protective resistor 23 and a capacitor 22 is required in the secondary circuit depends on the application in question or the type of power semiconductor used, which is why these components are shown in FIG . only shown in dashed lines. In general, the control path of the Leistuagslialbleiters itself a capacity is, in particular BSI transistors ,, other hand, since the current flowing through the StsweraascliliLiß Stemerstrosi is much lower than, for example _e in thyristors, is sufficient for such practical leistumgslos controllable switches its own capacitance in order during charging by the ignition pulse transmitter to maintain the applied control voltage over the respective demagnetization (switch-off time of the first or fourth switch).

Rather, the control current builds the control voltage so slowly from that the use of an additional ^ parallel sur control voltage failed capacitor 22 is common is dispensable.

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Claims (1)

OO O O O O O PRO ". . O ODQQ * ί * ΟβΟ vj I 1. . ^, COO Q & O O O QOO OO φ Ο Q - ^ r ~ YFA § 1 P 3 O 8 7 OE Claims / !.yZtindiinpulstibertrager for a power semiconductor (ί) with a iTbertragungstransfoireaator (17ρ 2O) _{9 of the} primary winding (17) with buckets of connection (18) during the switching duration (T) at a pole (15) of a voltage source (15 , 16) connected to the other terminal (19) via a first switch (il) that can be actuated by a switch-on signal (U) and the other pole (16) of the voltage source can be switched to and its satellite connection (20) via a diode (21) _{the control path (3 9} 5) with a parallel capacitance (22) d © @ LeistusigsJa & llbleiters (i) is connected ₉ ä a ö ι rc Ii marked ^ that swisohen the other connection (19) of the primary winding and d © ia a © m pole (15) ö © r Spasmangsquelle a second switch (12) is arranged ₉ that both switches (11, 12) _{are closed periodically alternating during ö © r Simschaltöaiaor (^ 2} ) (pulse chain ü _Q öes oscillator 9) and that the diode ( 21) is a zener diode. 2. ZMndimpulstransfer according to claim 1, characterized marked that in the connecting line between one terminal (18) of the primary winding and one pole (15) of the voltage source elm third Switch (13) is arranged during the duty cycle (T_) closed and to switch off the power semiconductor is opened. 3 ο Zümöiiapulsüber trager according to Ajaspriaeh I _9, characterized in that a fourth switch (14) is arranged between the one connection (18) of the primary winding and the other pole (16) of the voltage source, which is open during the switch-on period and when the power holding conductor is switched off is closed at least on the exchange side. BATH ORIGINAL ο ι -ι ο, -> VPA Bi P 3 O 6 7 OE k "Ziindiiapulstilsträger according to connection 3 _S, characterized in that in the secondary _{circuit (2O 9} 2i ₉ 22j 23) there is arranged a demagnification diode (28) polarized opposite to the Senerdioöe with a saturation choke (29) parallel to it» 5. Ignition pulse transmitter according to Ea öer claims 1 to 4, kemn ze rejects that the Power semiconductors a field effect transistor or a Group of parallel ^ with their control lines parallel to switched field effect transistors is. 6. Stadimpulstlbertrager see one of claims i to 5 »characterized in that as a power semiconductor nnü. Parall @ llcapazität a power Sialbleit © r is used whose control path has such a capacity that a specified ₉ to ÖIE control path control voltage dureh the control current in the training. switching time of the first or fourth switch is only slightly reduced. 7 ο Ziindimpiilslibertrager Bach one of the claims 3 or ■% ₉ dadmrch characterized, that when the power semiconductor (i) is switched off, the first © switch (il) is open, the second (12) is closed and the third (13) and fourth (lk) Switches can be opened and closed alternately in push-pull. 8ο Zlimdisipulsiltoträger according to claim 7 to complementary Control of two power semiconductors, in particular two power semiconductors (1, 2) arranged in a row, characterized in that the transformer has two secondary windings (20, 30) and the second winding (30) via a second Zemer diode (31) with a parallel capacitance (32) SO β * »· too oo VPA SI ψ 3 O 8 7 Q afflicted tax path (%, 7) d © s sw © Item L © istasngs semiconductors (2) Tsr ^ umöen is _s unü ä & B ate beiöeia S diodes so polarized siad ₉ that a StrorafiiaßricSitiaBg the primary winding only eiae'dler Z © aerdi.ioö .eKi {2i5 31) in 5 .the direction of the voltage iaöiasierteini in the secondary winding. 9a Veremdwffflg an aur actuation 'von im eimeis ' bridge circuit lying a special gers- äscin Asaspriich 8 © iBer WecIiselricEitergshallisleitera _s iasloe- BATH ORIGINAL