DE3118472A1 - TOBACCO AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD - Google Patents

Description

Tobacco products and processes for their manufacture

The invention relates to tobacco products, particularly tobacco products that have certain physical properties possess, as well as a process for the manufacture of tobacco products such that these properties are produced are controlled, whereby their combustion behavior in the direction of a reduction in tar release during smoking will.

The amount of combustion products from a burning bed of combustible material such as Tobacco, or tobacco substitute, depends primarily on certain physical properties of the flammable Materials. The physical properties that affect the amount of combustion products are for example the surface area available for combustion of the material, the density and porosity of the material, the volume of air available for combustion, the speed at which air is used for combustion is made available, the temperature at which the material burns and the composition of the combustible Materials.

A major cause of tar generation during incineration of a conventional tobacco product such as of a cigarette, cigar or tobacco in a pipe is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis can be called that thermal development of tars and gases through the action of heat due to the combustion of a carbon-emitting one define glowing coal. Since pyrolysis returns the tobacco products to their carbon-containing framework,

burn the carbon-containing residues in turn and provide heat for further pyrolysis of fresh material, that is adjacent to the burning material.

Materials used in conventional tobacco products are generally in the form of shredded ones Tobacco leaves, crushed reconstituted tobacco leaves, tobacco stems, and combinations thereof, and therefore deliver a relatively large surface area for pyrolysis. When smoking a conventional tobacco product you will also Gases that are sucked through the glowing coal by a train are heated. The heated gases do not flow through burned tobacco adjacent to coal, and pyrolysis occurs. Thus, pyrolysis occurs in conventional Tobacco products not only because of the conduction and radiation heat from the coal, but also because of the Heat exposure exerted by such heated gases on unburned tobacco adjacent to the coal will.

The invention now leads to tobacco products in which the Combustion and pyrolysis are controlled by setting properties, such as the Porosity, the surface and the density of the tobacco-containing mass. By controlling the pyrolysis and Combustion are controlled simultaneously by the tobacco products according to the invention, the release of tar and gas phase.

In addition, found in conventional tobacco products of the type mentioned above in areas that are directly related to the Connecting coal, a considerable heat distribution takes place, increasing the temperature of the combustion gases during their Migration through the tobacco product is reduced to a value at which it is no longer sufficient to move downstream of the Charcoal to bring about a thermal release of aromatic substances. It has been found that such a reduction in heat

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in the tobacco products according to the invention is essential is lower, which enables the thermal release of flavoring substances downstream of the coal will.

The invention relates to a tobacco product which is characterized by a cohesive mass combustible tabacco-containing material with at least one passage extending through the mass, the between an opening in the surface of the mass and a second opening spaced from the first extends, wherein the tobacco-containing mass has such a porosity that thereby burning after lighting is supported, and has such a density and porosity that thereby the gas flow through the Mass itself is closed to the outside.

In the tobacco products according to the invention, the tar release during combustion is controlled by adjusting the density, Porosity, surface and / or composition of the smoking product set.

In the manufacture of such a smoking article, a combustible tobacco material in particulate form is provided with a or mixed with several other ingredients including a liquid, after which the mixture becomes a coherent molding compound is processed, which contains a passage. The deformation is made by application achieved by pressure on the mixture; then the deformed mass is dried.

The shaped bodies can be produced by extruding a homogeneous mixture of tobacco material, which contains both water and a volatile organic liquid which is compatible with the tobacco, the mixture having a solids content of 55 to 75% by weight , and by drying

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of the extrudate. For extrusion, the mixture preferably contains crushed tobacco from a particle size of less than about 0.59 mm (30 mesh). Non-tobacco filler particles and combustion additives and / or flavorings can be incorporated into the tobacco mass.

The tobacco mass produced can be given further improved properties by adding the dried coherent mass is further treated, for example re-moistening and re-drying.

In a preferred embodiment, the smoking article according to the invention has a passage which extends axially extends through a mass of cylindrical shape, the cross-section of the passage preferably being larger is as that of the mass without the passage. It is also preferred that at least one end of the passage an easily flammable, air-permeable plug closes the passage. An extra wad or extra Plugs of the same or a different material can be attached to at least the outlet end of the passage be arranged and, if desired, contain flavorings that are thermally set free.

When the plugs are applied in the context of the preferred extrusion process, they are preferred extruded simultaneously with the coherent mass.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings, in which

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F I G. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a tobacco product according to the invention with a conventional filter that is attached with the help of tipping paper,

FIG. 1b is a view of the not with the filter provided end of the smoking article according to FIG. 1,

F I G. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a tobacco product similar to that according to FIG. 1, each with a plug, which is arranged both at the mouthpiece end and at the burning end of the tobacco product,

F I G. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the tobacco product according to the invention in the form of a cigar-like structure with thickened walls, which is also equipped with a mouthpiece,

FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment the tobacco product according to the invention in the form of a preformed body of tobacco material with several channels, which is placed in the head of a pipe,

F I G. 5 a smoking article similar to that according to FIG. 4, in which the entire pipe bowl is made of smokable Material is preformed,

F I G. 6 is a flow diagram of the production of a tobacco product according to certain methods according to the invention stages passed through,

F I G. Figure 7 is a schematic arrangement of items of equipment for carrying out an extrusion according to a particular embodiment of the invention Procedure and

F I G. 8 a tool head for the extrusion system according to FIG. 7

represent.

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According to the invention, tobacco-containing goods are produced from a coherent mass which have at least one passage through them. The release of tar and gas phase components is controlled by adjusting the density, the surface area and the porosity of the burning portion of the mass. By lowering the surface and the porosity of the mass, which is destined for incineration, and the simultaneous increase in their density is e: i possible to lower the tar delivery by tobacco products according to the invention to a minimum.

In particular, the tobacco products according to the invention can consist of a coherent mass of combustible tobacco-containing Material can be made using the surface of the mass available for the production of tar can be considerably lower than that of a conventional tobacco product as it is currently consumed. In addition, the density of the mass in the tobacco product according to the invention can be considerably greater than that in FIG conventional tobacco products is observed, while the porosity of the mass is considerably lower. the The tobacco product obtained has a considerably reduced tar release compared to conventional tobacco products and gas phase.

By reducing the porosity and the surface and by increasing the density of the material that is burned, the tobacco products of the invention are produced a lower amount of pyrolysis products per puff. Since the density, porosity and geometry of the tobacco products according to the invention, the volume of air and the speed, with which it is sucked over and through burning coal during a train, control and the access of heated Obstructing gases to unburned tobacco material is a control of pyrolysis and combustion in the tobacco products possible according to the invention. In addition, the temperature

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temperature of the air passing through the passage of the tobacco products according to the invention is kept at a value that is high enough to allow thermal release of flavorings downstream of the burning coal effect, whereby an emission of smoke with low tar content and full aroma is ensured. The tobacco products according to the invention are therefore advantageous because the shape, density and porosity of their masses the tar release in a natural way without the addition of chemicals that affect combustion and, in certain cases, the Subjectively perceptible properties of tobacco3 have an unfavorable influence on, and at the same time reduce, the distillation of aromatic substances.

When the process according to the invention is carried out, a combustible tobacco-containing material becomes a cohesive one Deformed mass having at least one passage extending from a first opening in the surface the mass extends out to a second opening spaced from the first opening. As well as The density and the porosity of the molding compound are such that the air flow caused by the draft through the tobacco product is preferably through the passage, i.e. that the density and porosity of the mass are selected in such a way are that the gas flow is essentially closed in the longitudinal direction by the mass itself. However, that must Porosity must be high enough that the combustion is sustained, and in particular sufficient to be static Combustion that is not supported by a train, to entertain.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the mass is shaped into a cylinder, which has at least one axial passage. This passage enables the dense tobacco material to be smoked supports the control of volume and speed

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The air that flows through the coal reduces the volume of coal and acts as an air duct, making the Smoke generated during combustion is diluted by air when sucked in by the smoker will. This obviates the need to provide hociiverdiluting, ventilated filters, which are often the case with conventional low-tar tobacco products can be used.

The tobacco-containing material that is used to produce the cohesive mass can consist of high quality, highly aromatic tobacco, such as light, burley, oriental tobacco or a mixture thereof, and is preferably in finely ground form. Other tobacco materials like game svrei se reconstituted tobacco or vorpyrolysierte can also account for all or a portion of the tobacco-containing materials.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tobacco product is in the form of a hollow cylinder. In the am most preferred cases is the wall thickness of the contiguous Mass such that the cross-section of the mass is less than the corresponding cross-section of the passage. In such a tobacco product, it is expedient to provide at least one stopper for blocking of the passage can be used. The plug can be at the end or the ends of the tobacco product and / or at be arranged at an intermediate point in the passage. Such plugs can either be used for support for combustion or as baffles to prevent flash-like heating through the pipe as a result of the suction to prevent when lighting or when relighting. In addition, one or more of the plugs can contain flavorings contain. The Pfopfanmaterial must be permeable to air and be highly flammable at least at one end.

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The plugs are preferably made of crushed tobacco material, which is made in a similar way to the coherent mass.

Flavorings can be added to the plug (or the cohesive mass) during manufacture of either the tobacco-containing material, the plug material, or both. Typical tobacco flavors can be applied to anyone may be added at any point in the process, but it is generally convenient to do so during mixing to do. Tobacco extracts can also be incorporated at this point as part of the liquid ingredient will. Extracts from Burley tobacco can be used, which are prepared according to the method according to US Pat. Nos. 4,131,117 and 4,131,118 have been manufactured. Other tobacco extracts or slurries made by processes in which the pectin-like binding material, the is contained in them, is set free, can analogously as part of the liquid components in the production the tobacco v / aren are used. Methods for releasing the natural tobacco pectins are in US Pat U.S. Patent Nos. 3,535,541 or 3,420,421.

The tobacco products according to the invention do not require an outer wrapping sheet of the type used in manufacture conventional cigarettes can be used. However, an outer wrapping made of cigarette paper can of course be used or the like, for example from coating material or pigments, which are directly incorporated into the tobacco product incorporated, can be used to achieve a desired appearance.

According to the process according to the invention, tobacco products are produced by first preparing a quantity of tobacco-containing Material mixed with water and a volatile organic liquid to make a tobacco blend that

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is suitable for subsequent further processing, ie for shaping, in order to produce a molding compound in any of a number of specific shapes. Generally, the tobacco material that is blended has a moisture content in the range of about 5 to 15%, and preferably 10% oven moisture. Oven humidity corresponds to the moisture content of tobacco, determined as the percentage of components that have volatilized by heating in the oven. The furnace moisture is determined by introducing a weighed sample of tobacco in a circulating oven and leaves 3 h at 100 ⁰ C in the oven, after which it is balanced. The difference in weight, expressed as a percentage of the original weight, is defined as the oven moisture.

The tobacco can be ground to a desired particle size prior to blending. Can be used for shredding conventional means such as a ball mill, a plate or pin type colloid mill, or a Mixing machine can be used. The time it takes to mix will of course depend on the original The size of the tobacco ingredients to be crushed and, to some extent, the type the tobacco used and its moisture content.

Mixing of the tobacco with liquid ingredients can also be accomplished with conventional equipment will. For example, conventional Hobart mixers with a flat stirring paddle or a Holländer-type stirring blades, ribbon mixers, and the like, as well as any other mixers that include Bring homogenization or even distribution of liquid in tobacco.

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When mixing, the addition of the liquid ingredients to the tobacco particles can take place at the same time, or that Water can be added first and then the volatile organic agent. Mixing is common at Room temperature as well as carried out in a closed container to prevent premature volatilization of the organic To prevent liquid. The time it takes for an even distribution of liquid and tobacco particles to achieve depends to a large extent on the particle size and the type of liquid combination, which is applied from. In general, 15 minutes to a few hours are sufficient for the desired distribution to bring about the liquid.

While it is usually convenient to use such a mixture using both water and also produce a volatile organic liquid to increase the porosity and density of the coherent mass To control, it is also possible to use only V / ater to prepare the mixture, especially in Cases where the molding of the mixture by means of extrusion is carried out under conditions which vary sufficiently can be used to achieve the desired results. However, even with this there is a disadvantage that the use of a sufficient amount of water alone tends to reduce the density of the mass obtained becomes too large for practical purposes. As described in more detail elsewhere, however, renewed moistening is possible and re-drying after deforming the cohesive mass can normally be applied to the final porosity to control the coherent mass as long as the starting mixture is extruded or otherwise in acceptable shape can be deformed to the desired shape.

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The volatile organic liquid in the mixture is used to improve the density and porosity of the tobacco product, x \ ras possibly due to rapid evaporation happens during drying. The organic liquids that can be used are preferably such with a higher vapor pressure than that of water and only include liquids that deal with tobacco products tolerate. For the purposes of the present invention, liquids are compatible with tobacco if they do not react appreciably with tobacco components and also mix sufficiently with the tobacco material, see above that separation during the deformation of the smoking article is avoided. In addition, liquids preferably ground used, the aromatic or subjective qualities of the tobacco product when mixed with tobacco products Do not interfere with smoking. Preferred liquids are also those that evaporate under relatively little drastic heating or drying conditions can be easily removed and those after evaporation leave no significant residue. Suitable organic liquids include just or branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 5 to 8 carbon atoms such as the pentanes, hexanes and heptanes. Straight or branched chain alcohols with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, Butanol and the like are also suitable for the aforementioned Zv / eck. In addition, the "Freon" liquids, such as trichloromonofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane can be used. Selected ketones, such as Methyl ethyl ketone, ether, halogenated hydrocarbons and the like can also be used in some cases will. The selected liquid can be used alone or in some cases in combination with one or more other purulent agents - depending on the type the tobacco products to be produced.

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The ratio of the total amount of water in the mixture to volatile organic liquid depends on a certain amount Extent depends on the type and particle size of the tobacco and the particular liquid used, however it is generally in the range of about 6 to about 1 part water to 1 part organic liquid. if Tobacco having a particle size of less than -60 mesh is used in accordance with the preferred deforming method discussed below, a ratio of about 2 parts is used Water to 1 part organic liquid is preferred.

It can also be useful to add filler materials to the aqueous tobacco mixture. Such filling materials Carbon materials selected from calcium carbonates, diatomaceous earth, attapulgite and the like can consist. The mixture can contain up to about 40 to 50 -4 of the solid constituents contain such fillers without the need to add binders. If so desired the mixture can also be provided with burning additives to regulate the burning properties.

While it is preferred to prevent the addition of external binders and instead rely on natural ones The binding substances of the tobacco leave to the slightest to achieve possible tar release when smoking, but of course the mechanical strength of the tobacco products be increased by using additional binding materials, provided this is consistent with the ultimate goals of a specific product.

When all the desired ingredients have been added and a homogeneous mixture has been achieved, that's down to them A mixture produced in a manner ready for further processing into a tobacco product. Through this further processing the tobacco mixture is deformed into a shaped body, which consists of a coherent tobacco mass, its density and

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Porosity are sufficiently large to close off a gas flow through the mass to the outside Density is sufficient to support the burning of the mass after lighting. The tobacco mass will continue with at least one passage is provided which extends through it from a first opening on the surface of the mass a second opening spaced from the first opening. The provision of such a- ' term passage means that this passage during the deformation or during process steps that are the Connect deforming, or is produced both during the deformation and during such subsequent process steps.

According to the invention, the manufacture of the tobacco product comprises a pressure treatment of the mixture in order to convert it into a coherent one or to transfer cantilever tobacco mass, as well as the subsequent drying of the mass. The pressure treatment generally requires the application of pressure to the tobacco mixture in a limited space and preferably performs to a coherent mass with the desired passage. An alternative procedure exists in that the mass is deformed without the passage and the passage after the pressure treatment or after Drying by material removal such as Piercing or drilling.

The pressure treatment can be done in any of a number of conventional ways suitable for to put the tobacco mixture under sufficient pressure to free the natural binders of the tobacco material to set and thereby to arrive at a coherent mass. The pressure treatment thus makes it possible to produce self-supporting moldings without the addition of external binders the tobacco mixture.

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It is true that pressure treatments, such as, for example, deforming, can be used to achieve the inventive Process, but the preferred pressure treatment is extrusion. Generally, the extrusion conditions depend on the type of extruder used (piston, screw extruder, etc.), the composition of the Tobacco mixture and the desired shape, density and porosity for the extrudate.

Conventional screw extruders or higher pressure piston extruders can be used, with the Tool heads of these extruders preferably have the desired shape of the tobacco products to be produced. These extruders can, at selected pressures and with selected cooling, one or more sections of the liner of the extruder to promote the production of the desired extrudate.

One extruder that has been found suitable is a Wayne brand plastic extruder that comes with. a 1: 1 screw that can be rotated at 1 to 120 rpm. Because of its 1: 1 screw, such an extruder exerts the least possible amount of work on the tobacco mixture, while at the same time delivering sufficient pressure to set the natural binding agents of the tobacco free and thus to arrive at a cohesive product. With screw extruders of this type, extrudate pressures at the end of the barrel of the extruder (ie, melt pressures) of up to 175 bar gauge (2500 psig) are applicable, with pressures up to 84 bar gauge (1200 psig) being preferred. Further extrudate temperatures can be left by holding the Laufbüchsenteriperatur of the screw in the range of about 20 to 25 ⁰ C at the end of such a liner (ie, melting temperature) of originate below about 40 ⁰ C.

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Preferred conditions of the tobacco mixture for extrusion are a tobacco particle size below about 0.59 mm (30 mesh) and a tobacco content sufficient to produce a mixture having a solids content in the range of about 55 to 75 weight percent, and preferably about 60 to 70 wt .-% to produce.

As mentioned above, the shape of the tobacco product desired determines the construction of the die head of the extruder. Preferred tobacco products are of a hollow cylindrical shape and in particular cylindrical tubes with a wall thickness which is such that the cross section of the mass eats less than the corresponding cross section of the passage. In order to achieve this structure, injection tool heads are thus used which have a suitably adapted annular extrusion passage. A special extruder that is suitable for the production of hollow cylinders is the Wayne S extruder mentioned above. Thus, for example thin-walled tubes are made with tobacco suitably modified extruders of this type, which have a high density and a low porosity and with coal temperatures in the range of 585 ^s bi burn 785 ⁰ C. In addition, when using such extruders, it is common practice to introduce a flow of air into the interior of the molded tube to prevent it from collapsing.

The formal part of the pressure treatment process can be a separation step necessary for the production of leads individual coherent masses that correspond to the individual tobacco products. One such procedural stage is required if the pressure treatment itself does not extend to a single item at a time. In case of preferred extrusion practice described above, in which the extrudate is typically a single contiguous, is continuous mass that comes out of the die head emerges, it is useful to have a cutting stage on the

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Provide outlet of the tool head, thereby individual units of a certain length that of those of the desired Tobacco corresponds to provide. If tobacco products of a preselected length are desired, the The cutting process is synchronized with the speed of the extrudate output to ensure the required length.

The measure of producing individual units can also be carried out after the extrudate has been dried should it prove to be a more acceptable practice to separate the dried extrudate.

The resulting compression-molded coherent mass can be dried either by simple evaporation under ambient conditions, for example at room temperature, or by the application of heat. Typically, drying times of about 12 to 24 hours are required at room temperature of about 21 to 24 ^° C (70 to 75 ^{° F).} Application of heat can be carried out at a temperature of about 100 ⁰ C. This can be done by conventional heating devices such as a Freas oven (oven with forced air) for a period of about 15 minutes to 1 hour. The heating can also be done more quickly by using microwaves, the duration of use depending on the power used. At powers of around 150 W, drying times of around 2 minutes have proven to be acceptable. Such rapid drying can be used to improve the static burning properties of the manufactured tobacco product.

After drying, the dried goods can be processed further, for example by attaching the goods to suitable mouthpieces which can contain filters, in which case the finished tobacco product is obtained.

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It has been shown that the method according to the invention, as described so far, is suitable tobacco products provides, but another aspect of the present invention is further processing of the to provide a coherent mass deformed under pressure following the initial drying. Such a one Further processing allows changing the porosity of the dried mass, thereby improving Incineration obtained for the received tobacco products will. This further processing comprises a renewed moistening of the dried mass and a subsequent one drying again. The rewetting can be done by spraying or by dipping the dried mass be performed. Appropriate rewetting can be done by placing the mass in a bath Liquid, preferably water, is immersed until the desired change in porosity is achieved. Generally The rewetting conditions depend on the initial porosity, the particle size of the tobacco and the the type of organic liquid used. Appropriate rewetting conditions to achieve more desirable ones Changes in porosity can be determined by empirical Measures are determined. The subsequent re-drying after rewetting is preferably carried out according to The initial drying procedure described above is carried out.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, an easily ignitable, air-permeable plug is arranged in the passage of the pressure-formed cohesive mass. Additional plugs can be placed in one or more locations along the passage and in a manner blocking it. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which cylindrical, tubular tobacco products are produced, it is expedient to arrange such plugs at the opposite ends of the tubular passage. _130065/08 70

Usually only one or two such plugs are needed, especially at one end for lighting the tobacco. Accordingly, the typical embodiments have a hollow passage that is largely is without obstacles. Of course, however, such a passage can be partially or entirely with a harmless one Fill material that is either non-combustible or that is not excessive for generation of tar when smoking contributes.

The plug material can be shaped differently and contain flavoring substances which, after heating, are released be set. The plug material is preferably made from shredded tobacco made in the same manner is like the coherent mass of which the tobacco product is made. The plugs can therefore be manufactured using a process similar to that described above for making the coherent mass is, is analogous, with the pressure treatment depending on the needs for the production of the plug desired shape, which are suitable for insertion into the coherent mass in the blocking position, modified will. The air permeability for the plug can either be determined by the porosity inherent in the plug material or ensured by openings made in the plug during or after its manufacture will.

It is true that the plug can be produced independently of the coherent mass and in the mass according to its Deformation or after drying are used, but in a preferred embodiment of the invention Process the plug formed simultaneously with the deformation of the mass and in the passage of the mass arranged. In a further preferred embodiment, this is done in the preferred extrusion by coextrusion

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Ren the plug with the mass in a suitable time Relationship causes so that plugs of the desired size in the desired, the passage blocking points and be maintained in intimate contact with the inner wall of the mass.

The tobacco product according to the invention can be produced in various forms, in particular in those which are convenient to extrude, although other deformation methods can be used for this purpose. According to Pig. 1, the tobacco product 10 consists of an elongated coherent mass 9, which in this embodiment in the form of a tubular rod with a passage? that extends to the end of the rod, is trained. Although the tubular mass 9 serves as a tobacco product for itself, it is possible (Fig. 2) to adapt a filter 3 at the end facing the smoker and use it with the help of mouthpiece paper 4 in a conventional manner Way to connect to the ground 9. As can be seen in Fig. 1b, have the passage 2 and the Mass 9 has a circular cross-section, but of course other cross-sectional shapes, such as for example hexagonal etc. can be used. The mass 9 can in length and circumference the tobacco cylinder one Conventional size cigarette. Depending on the individual delivery properties to be achieved during When smoking the tobacco product, the cross-section of the mass is varied in relation to the cross-section of the passage.

The tobacco product 15 according to FIG. 2 is at the end of combustion with a plug 5 blocking the passage made of air-permeable, provided with combustible material. In addition to its function as an inflammation aid, the plug 5 has the Functions to prevent lightning-like heating through the passage when lighting the Rau.ch './are. Additional Plug, for example the plug 6 next

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the filter component 2 >> can be provided and for Bringing flavorings into the tobacco products are used. If desired, plugs could also be attached to one or more Places to be placed between the two ends of the smoking article, either as a flavor carrier or as an inflammation aid or to serve as both.

According to the invention the tobacco product can be made of tobacco products in the familiar shapes of other types, such as 3 illustrated in shape and approximate dimensions of a cigar 16 as shown in Fig.. In such an article 16, the walls 7 of the tubular mass are of greater thickness in relation to the size of the article and compared to the tobacco product according to FIG which itself can be used to accommodate aroma-releasing elements or filters 8.

4 and 5 illustrate the use of a tobacco product either in a conventional pipe or as a pipe-shaped object itself. The tobacco product 30 according to FIG. 4 is shaped as a relatively stump-like mass 19 which has a shape and a size that makes it suitable for inclusion in the head of a pipe 18, the mass being equipped with one or more passages 2, which or . which extend through them from the upper part to the lower part. FIG. 5 shows the manner in which a coherent mass 20 is shaped to the shape of a pipe bowl and how the mass according to FIG. 4 has one or more passages 2; In addition, it is equipped with a lateral opening at 21 for receiving a pipe mouthpiece 28 which has a filter 40, as pipe 18 also has.

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Fig. 6 illustrates schematically a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, according to the Crushed tobacco, mixed it with water and a volatile organic liquid and then one Pressure treatment, preferably extrusion, is sucked in in order to produce a coherent tobacco mass. the Tobacco mass is dried at room temperature or by the application of heat. Another processing of the contiguous Tobacco mass to change its porosity is achieved by a rewetting step, the followed by a drying stage.

Fig. 7 schematically illustrates the extrusion device for achieving the above-mentioned coextrusion of a tubular coherent mass and of plugs according to the method according to the invention, the structure of the injection tool head in more detail in E'ig. 8 is shown. According to Fig. 7, a tobacco mixture, as mentioned above, for Production of the coherent mass of tobacco products is fed to an automatic feed hopper 71. The loading hopper 71 exercises on the tobacco mixture via a rotating blade that extends into a material inlet opening a screw extruder 72 driven by a drive 73 extends into it, a continuous force the end. The tobacco dust is fed to the extruder with this force, and the extrudate produced in the extruder is pressed into a common injection molding tool head 74, where it becomes a tubular at the outlet of the injection molding tool head contiguous mass 100 is deformed. The injection mold head 74 is also supplied with air from a source 75 and via line 76 inside the tubular mass directed to the opening of the die head in order to prevent the mass from collapsing during its formation;

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Plug material of similar composition to that of the material for the mass is fed to a feed hopper 81, which is constructed analogously to the feed hopper 71. The plug material is of the Feed hopper 81 to a piston screw extruder 82 which is driven by a drive 83. The extrudate enters the extruder 82 through valve 84 common injection mold head 74, where it is inside adjacent to the inner wall of the tubular mass 100 available stands.

The synchronization control circuit 91 controls the flow of the plug extrudate to the die head 74 continued pressure applied. This control is synchronized with the exit of the pipe 100. Of the Circuit 91 holds for a predetermined length of time corresponding to the delivery of a preselected length of tube 100, the valve 84 closed and the drive 83 interrupted. After this time, the valve 84 is opened and the drive 83 is activated, whereby pressure is exerted on the plug extrudate and consequently the plug and tube be applied together. This condition lasts for a second preselected length of time, according to the common one Delivery of a preselected length of tube and plug, after which the valve is closed again and the actuator 83 parked again. Repeated control of the valve 94 and the drive 83 thus results in the pipe 100 is continuously extruded, with plugs 101 of predetermined length at predetermined locations in the tube in the passage blocking layer can be arranged, pure valve 84 can be omitted for slow extruder operation and drive 83 at high speed.

The synchronization control circuit 91 also controls the direction of rotation of the blades of the feed hoppers 81 and 71. This direction is made periodic by the circle 91 changed in order to ensure that the corresponding screw extruders are properly fed with tobacco mixture.

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As also shown in FIG. 7, a cutting device 92 is located at the exit of the injection molding tool head also operated by the synchronization control circuit 91 to turn the tube 100 into individual units to cut coherent mass. Such cutting can be synchronized so that it is immediate prior to placement of a plug 101, whereby each unit has a single plug at its front Passing end receives. Preferably, however, the cutting device is controlled in such a way that it cuts that units are made which have plugs at both ends. This is done by that the action of the piston extruder is controlled so that plug material of the desired length is dispensed therefrom is, and that one controls the cutting device accordingly so that the tube 100 at one point on each extruded plug is cut.

FIG. 8 explains the common injection molding tool head 74 according to FIG. 7 in more detail. The tool head 74 consists of an outer housing or carrier assembly 110, which has a central hollow cylinder body 111, on its opposite Ends by screws, not shown, carrier rings 112 and 113 are attached. A central one, with one Recess provided section 114 of the body 111 acts with an opposing central, also with a Recess provided section 115 of the ring 112 together, to hold a first hollow mandrel 116. The conical inner surface 117 of the dome 116 extends to to a short cylindrical guide surface 118, which in turn terminates at the end of the ring 112, being an exit opening 119 defined.

Another hollow mandrel 121 is through ring 113 as well a hollow retaining element 122 held between ring 113 and body 111 is supported. The mandrel 121 extends

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extends the length of the assembly 110, and the outer surface 123 of the mandrel is spaced from the corresponding ones Inner surfaces 128 and 117 of body 111 and mandrel, respectively 116, these surfaces (123, 128, 117) define an annular passage 124 for receiving the extrudate for the tubular mass from the extruder 73. The surface 123 is conical in the area of the surface 117 beveled inward with both surfaces cooperating to form an annular outlet 125, its radial extension of the thickness of the tubular to be formed The mass and the outside diameter of which is adapted to the guide surface 118.

A central bore 126 extends the length of the mandrel 121 and receives extrudate from the extruder 82 for open the stopper. The bore 126 is at the end of the mandrel 121 of an extent practically that of the Inner diameter of the outlet 125 corresponds, whereby the extrudate for the plug with such an extension is promoted to the end of the outlet. An air line 76 extends through the bore 126 and conveys air up to the area which adjoins the outlet 125 and the outlet opening 119 to prevent the tube 100 from collapsing, while it is being extruded.

In operation, the pressure exerted on the extrudate for the tubular mass via the extruder 73 pushes the extrudate into passage 124 and thence to annular outlet 125. The extrudate exits outlet 125 as the thin-walled tubular continuous mass 100, the is passed through the cylindrical surface 180 to the outlet 119. While on the plug extrudate through the extruder 82 no pressure is applied, the tubular mass 100 exits without plug material and moves through a constriction ring 125 therethrough attached to the mandrel.

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Then put pressure on the plug extrudate from extruder 82 is exerted, the extrudate is forced through the central bore 126 and the end of the annular outlet 125 fed where it is inside and in contact with the inner wall of the tubular mass formed at the same time 100 is recorded. Then continue on to the plug extrudate When pressure is applied, the plug extrudate and tubular mass migrate together through outlet 119 in FIG the central opening 129 of the ring 127. This opening 129 initially narrows and then widens, whereby the The constriction ends at a radial extent that is less than the outer diameter of the tubular mass. At the Reaching the end of the constriction, the front end of the tubular mass is constricted inward, whereby its wall is urged into binding engagement with the forward end of the plug extrudate. At this time ends the pressure exerted on the plug extrudate and the tubular mass extruding further and is now connected to the plug extrudate, a plug 101 breaks off from the plug extrudate, which continues to move with the tube through opening 129. That section of the tube to that with the plug of same Expansion is, is then continuously constricted over further parts of its surface, whereby the The entire length of the plug is bonded to the inner wall of the tube. Be that way Tube and plug joined together without excessive force being exerted on the tubular mass, thereby preventing thickening of the tube wall during connection.

Of course, the binding union of plug 101 and tubular mass 100 can also be applied to others Manner, such as by expanding the plug by known methods so that it becomes binding united with the tubular mass.

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As mentioned above, the air permeability of the plugs 101 can be achieved during plug manufacture, for which the tool head according to FIG. 8 can be modified in such a way that openings are produced in the plug while they are being extruded. This can be achieved in that one spaced, thin solid bars. 131 is arranged in the bore 126, which extends from a point in the bore to beyond the annular Passage 125 extend. These rods can be supported by a ring 133 which is placed between different sections of the mandrel 121 can be placed, whereby the rods in their desired position in the bore being held.

The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention.

The density of the tubes produced according to the following examples was determined according to the following formula: Density (g / cm ³ ) -S R stir weight

TJ "I" 2 ~ JJ ^x tube length

where AD is the outside diameter of the tube in centimeters, ID is the inside diameter of the tube in centimeters and length and weight of the tubes are to be entered in centimeters or grams.

Pressure drop (J \ P) was measured by closing an open extruded tube at one end while inserting the other end into a pressure drop instrument (PDI). The measured pressure drop Λ P is inversely proportional to the air flow through the walls of the tube.

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example 1

Light tobacco with an approximate moisture content of 11.6% oven moisture was in a Fritsch pulverisette marry. The milled tobacco was passed through a 0.25 mm (60 mesh) sieve. passed to remove coarse particles, and the fraction having a particle size of 0.25 mm or below was used for further processing selected.

224.9 g of the tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and a moisture content of 111.06% oven humidity was added with 48.0 ml of 95% ethanol and 47.1 g of water are added. This mixture was mixed in a Hobart mixer (Model N-50) equipped with a conventional flat dutch sheet "B" was stirred.

The tobacco mixture with a solids content of 64.5 % By weight was then extruded into tubes with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm. To carry out the extrusion, a "Wayne Plastics I" brand extruder which has a screw with a compression ratio of 1: 1, a automatic 3-zone heating and automatic 3-zone fan cooling as well as a tool for straight tubes with an outer diameter of 8 mm (OD) and an inner diameter of 7 mm (ID) and had a 3 HP drive with variable speed from 0 to 60 rpm. Zones 1 through 3 were at room temperature held. The maximum pressure on the tool head was 105 bar overpressure (1500 psig). These extrusion conditions were favorable for small batches, but for larger, continuous processes it was necessary to to cool the cylinder liner to prevent skin formation on the tube.

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Some of the extruded tobacco tubes were placed in a microwave oven of the type for 5 minutes at maximum power "Apollo" dried. After drying, the tubes were ignited and static burn was established obtain.

The extruded tubes were also allowed to dry at room temperature overnight. These tubes were subsequently cut into pieces 85 mm long, having an average weight of 12.70 mg / mm and a calculated density of 1.078 g / cm. Four of these tubes were allowed to burn statically, and the mean burn time was determined to be 4.8 mm / min. Other tubes dried at room temperature were automatically operated under controlled laboratory conditions smoked. TPM and tar delivery were determined using standard analytical methods in the tobacco industry certainly. The mean amount of TPM per puff was 0.35 mg, the mean amount of tar per puff 0.28 mg.

Example 2

677.7 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and a moisture content of Λ, 56% oven moisture were combined with 144 ml of 95% ethanol and 138 g of water. The mixture was stirred in a Hobart mixer for 30 minutes, covered and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 1.5 hours. The pesticide content before extrusion was 65.82%.

Equipment and conditions for extrusion were the same as in Example 1. The pressure in the mold during sampling was about 35 bar gauge (500 psig) and the maximum "melting temperature" of the extrudate at the die head was 43.3 ⁰ C (110 ⁰ F). The extruded tubes had an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 7 mm and a wall thickness of

0.5 mm.

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The tubes were allowed to dry overnight at room temperature calmly. Representative samples were cut into pieces 85 mm in length having an average width of Possessed 12.64 mg / mm. The calculated density was

1.073 g / cm. Static burn was determined as described in Example 1 and found to be 3.52 mm / min. The amount of TPM and tar released per puff, also as determined according to Example 1, was 0.26 mg or 0.16 mg.

In addition, the smoke from the third puff was collected by four tobacco tubes, and the gas phase components became using conventional gas chromatography Methods determined. The mean gas concentrations of the third puff of the four samples were:

O ₂ : 9.61 mg / third puff of the tube CO: 0.07 mg / third puff of the tube CO ₂ : 1.11 mg / third puff of the tube

Finally, the mean pressure drop Λ of five representative tubes 85 mm in length was determined was 39.7 mm (1.56 ") water column.

Example 3

564.7 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and a moisture content of 11.5% Oven moisture was with 120 ml of 95% ethanol and 115 »3 g of water in the same way as described in Example 2, united. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes and then allowed to stand under cover overnight. Before extruding the mixture had a solids content of 65.05%.

The tool of the extruder was modified in such a way that a tobacco tube with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm was extruded. Under Vervrendung the equipment described in Example 2, the Sxtrudierung among the f of $ $ ^ ς pqQif.tyngen was performed:

Extrusion conditions

Time Pressure on the tool head (psig) Temperature at the extruder ⁰ F min "bar overpressure outlet ("melting temperature" (75) (0) ⁰ C (85) 0 0 (550) 23.9 (98) 5 38.5 (450) 29.4 (105) 10 31.5 (375) 36.7 (106). 15th 26.3 (375) 40.6 (109) 20th 26.3 (375) 41.1 (110) 25th 26.3 (375) 42.8 (112) 30th 26.3 (350) 43.3 34 24.5 44.4

The extruded tubes were dried overnight at room temperature. Representative examples of tubes, that had been extruded during the sixth to tenth minute were labeled A and other tubes, which had been extruded during about the 23rd to 28th minute, labeled B.

Representative tobacco tubes were analyzed and the results obtained are shown in Table I below are summarized.

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Table I.

Ex. Weight of
tube
mg / mm density
g / cm ⁵ Pressure drop
AP for
85 mm length,
cm H ₂ O
(Inches H ₂ O) Static
Burn-off
speed
mm / min TPM / train
mg Tar / train
mg CO in
3rd move
mg Wall
strength
mm 3Α
3Β 31.69
32.51 1.035
1.061 1.52 (0.60)
11.8 (4.65) 1.91
1.21 0.36
0.22 0.28
0.18 0.16
0.09 1.5
1.5

Example 4

443.21 grams of burley tobacco, less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) in particle size and having a moisture content of 9.75% oven moisture, was mixed in a Hobart mixer with 96 ml of 95% ethanol and 100.8 g of water for about 25 minutes . The mixture had a solids content of 64.5% before extruding.

Burley tobacco tubes with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 6.5 mm were extruded using the Wayne type plastic extruder described above and under the same conditions as described in Example 1, with the exception that the gearbox on the extruder was changed so that the rotation speed of the screw was increased from 0 to 120 rpm. During extrusion at 120 rpm, the maximum tool head pressure was 175 bar gauge (2500 psig) and the maximum "melting temperature" 66 ⁰ C (151 ⁰ F). The extrusion of the tobacco tubes was successful (see also Example 11).

Example 5

440.8 g of oriental tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and a moisture content of 9.25% oven moisture were combined with 96 ml of 95% strength ethanol and 103.2 g of water. The mixture was stirred for 25 minutes and under the same extrusion conditions and with the same extrusion equipment as described in Example 4, extruded. The maximum tool head pressure was 42 to 49 bar gauge (6 to 700 psig) and the maximum "melting temperature" 43 ⁰ C (110 ⁰ F). The tobacco tubes leaving the extruder tool were found to be slightly sticky and more flexible than those of light or burley tobacco. With regard to static burning, see Example 11.

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Example 6

A tube of tobacco blend was made using the following ingredients: 220.1 grams of lighter Tobacco of 9.12% oven humidity, 110.8 g of Burley tobacco from 9.75% oven humidity, 110.8 g oriental tobacco at 9.25% Oven moisture, 96.0 ml of 95% ethanol and 102.0 g of water. All tobacco raw materials had one Particle size below 0.25 mm (-60 mesh).

The dry tobacco materials were mixed in the Hobart mixer and added with alcohol and water. After 25 minutes of mixing, the material was extruded as described in Example 4 above. The maximum tool head pressure was 66.5 bar gauge (950 psig), the maximum "melting temperature" 44 ⁰ C (112 ⁰ F).

The tubes of tobacco blend that exited the tool were found to be more pliable than a tube made of only light tobacco, but as less flexible than a tube made of only Burley tobacco or only oriental tobacco.

Example 7

A tube of light-colored tobacco only was made under the same conditions and with the same facilities as described in Example 4, extruded. The ingredients used were: 440.1 grams of light particle size tobacco of less than -60 mesh and 9.12% oven moisture, 96.0 ml of 95% ethanol and 103.9 g of water.

During extrusion reached the tool head printing a maximum of 98 bar gauge (1400 psig) and the "melting temperature" a maximum value of 47 ⁰ C (116 ⁰ F).

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Example 8

The following tobacco ingredients were used in a Hobartian mixed:

220.1 g light-colored tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60'mesh)

Particle size and 9.12% oven moisture

110.8 g burley tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) Particle size and 9.75% oven humidity

110.2 g oriental tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh)

Particle size and 9.2595 oven humidity.

The tobacco mixture was alternated with 102.9 g of water and 26.0 ml of a cigarette aroma solution in 70 ml of ethanol offset. After all the solutions were added, the entire mixture was stirred for an additional 25 minutes.

The tobacco blend with a total solids content of 64.5% was then extruded using the extruder (Wayne Plastics I). Zones 1 through 3 were while - kept at room temperature during the extrusion. The maximum tool head pressure was 66.5 bar overpressure (950 psig) and the maximum "melt temperature" 53 ° C (127 ° F). The extruded tubes with an outside diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 6.5 mm were found to be very flexible when they left the tool. Comparisons also Example 11, in particular Table III).

Example 9

In the manner described in Example 8, the following ingredients were combined and combined into one Hobart mixer mixed:

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220.1 g light-colored tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh)

Particle size and 9.12% oven moisture

110.8 g of burley tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) particle size and 9.75% oven moisture

110.2 g oriental tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh)

Particle size and 9.25% oven humidity

10.0 g mixed sugar solution
96.0 ml of 95% ethanol
92.9 g of water

The water and the ethanol were mixed and added to the tobacco materials alternately with the sugar solution. After all the constituents had been added, stirring was continued for a further 25 minutes. The solids content was 64.5%.

In the same manner as described in Example 8, tobacco tubes were extruded. During extrusion, the maximum tool head pressure was 63 bar gauge (900 psig) and the maximum "melting temperature" 52 ⁰ C (126 ⁰ F).

The extruded tubes were dried in an oven at 100 ^° C. overnight. Sample tubes lit immediately after removal from the oven showed continuous static burn. Tubes that were oven dried and then equilibrated with ambient air at room temperature also exhibited static burn, but some of them went out easily and required relighting.

Example 10

The following ingredients were combined and mixed together in a Hobart mixer:

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286.1 g light-colored tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) Particle size and 9.12% oven moisture

110.8 g burley tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) Particle size and 9.75% oven humidity

44.1 g oriental tobacco of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh)

Particle size and 9.25% oven humidity

10.0 g mixed sugar solution

13.0 ml flavoring solution (moistening and flavoring agent)

92.2 ml 95% ethanol 106.4 g water.

The materials were mixed together for approximately 25 minutes after all of the ingredients had been added. The solids content was 64.5%. The extrusion of tobacco tubes with an outside diameter of 8 mm and an inside diameter of 6.5 mm was carried out under the conditions described in Example 8. The maximum tool head temperature was 49 bar gauge (700 psig), the maximum "melting temperature" 52 ⁰ C (126 ⁰ F).

Selected tubes were dried in an oven at 100 ^° C. overnight. The dried tubes successfully burned. Tubes that were dried and then equilibrated with ambient air also exhibited static burn-off. Upon burning, it was noted that the tobacco tubes produced a distinct cigar aroma.

Example 11

Sample tubes which had been produced according to Examples 4 to 7 were ^{dried in an oven at 100 °} C. overnight. One half of the tubes were lit immediately after removal from the oven to determine if the static burn could be sustained. the

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remaining half was equilibrated with ambient air at room temperature above and then regarding of static burning was investigated. The results are summarized in Table II below.

Table II

Ex. dried dried and with
Ambient air into
Set equilibrium 4th
5
6th
7th Burn
no static burning
Burn
Burn no stat. burn down
Burn
Burn

With regard to the second line in Table II, it should be noted that the extruded tubes according to Example 5 (and a comparative sample from Example 8) improved considerably after undergoing the treatment with water described below Exhibited combustion properties.

Extruded tubes were cut to a length of 100 mm and then immersed in water so that a length of 50 mm per tube became wet. The tubes were dried in a microwave oven and left untreated End fitted with a conventional cellulose acetate filter. The static burn rate and the length of the tube, that burned were determined and the results are summarized in Table III below.

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Table III

sample 5 Immersion Static burn-off Burned down _ 5 duration, p speed length - Ex. 5 30th no burning down 10 mm Il 5 45 no burning down 50 mm It 8th "60 0.75 50 mm It 90 1.81 η 30th 2.58

Example 13

433.1 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60mesh) and 7.46% oven humidity were with 96 g of 95% strength methanol and 110.9 g of water are combined. That Material was mixed in a Hobart mixer for 25 minutes at room temperature.

The tobacco blend with a solids content of about 62.5% was made using a. Plastic extruder the "Wayne" brand fitted with a tubing die 8 mm in outside diameter and 7 mm in inside diameter. The extrusion conditions were the same as those used in Example 4. The pressure in the extruder increased was 84 bar (1200 psi) when the first tubes were collected and was 17 minutes later when extruding terminated, 70 bar (1000 psi).

The hollow, extruded tubes were dried overnight at room temperature. The outer walls of the tubes turned out to be prove to be very smooth and dense. Attempts to static burn the tubes have been unsuccessful.

Extruded tubes 100 mm in length made as described above were made up to one Depth of 50 mm immersed in water for different periods of time. The tubes were then in one

.130065 / 0870

Microwave oven dried for 2 minutes. The pressure drop for each tube was measured before and after the treatment with water and to be dried again. The results are summarized in Table IV (see also Example 19).

Table IV

Immersion Pressure drop, cm (inches) (60.99) after water treatment (60.54) duration, p (60.50) 153.8 (57.71) H ₂ O-SMuIe (60.62) 146.6 (52.07) VJl before water treatment (60.57) 132.3 (16.48) 10 154.9 (60.71) 41.9 (10.21) 15th 153.7 (60.05) 25.9 (5.70) 20th 153.9 14.5 25th 153.8 30th 154.2 152.5

The results show that rewetting and re-drying change the tube wall considerably, whereby the pressure drop decreases.

Example 14

In the same manner as described in Example 13, the following materials were combined and incorporated into the Hobart mixer to a mixture containing 62,596 solids mixed using a plastic extruder of the type "Wayne" was extruded:

324.8 g of light tobacco with a particle size of

below 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and 7.65% oven moisture

72.0 g 95% n-propanol 83.2 g water

The material exiting the extruder appeared entirely dry. The extrusion continued for about 15 minutes; the manufacture of the tubes was slower than had normally been observed. The extruded hollow tubes were dried overnight at room temperature and showed

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311947:

a static burn after they were lit.

Example 15

In the same manner as described in Example 13, the following ingredients were combined and made into one Mixture with 62.5% solids content mixed using a "Wayne" type plastic extruder became:

324.8 g of light-colored tobacco with a particle size of less than -60 mesh and 7.64% oven moisture

72.0 g 95% isopropanol 83.0 g water.

The pressure in the extruder rose to 91 bar (1300 psi) during extrusion. The extruded hollow tubes possessed good mechanical properties. After drying at room temperature overnight, the tubes were set to static burn examined. The tubes did not exhibit sustained static burn under normal test conditions on. (For a follow-up treatment, however, compare Example 19).

Example 16

In the same manner as described in Example 13, the following materials were combined, 25 minutes together mixed and then extruded: 324.8 g of light-colored tobacco with a particle size of less than -60 mesh and 7.64% oven moisture

72.0 g of 95% tertiary butanol, 83.2 g of water.

During the extrusion, the pressure varied between 77 and 103 bar gauge (1100 and 1475 psig). The extruded Hollow tubes had poor mechanical properties while wet. The solvent evaporated easily very quickly when exiting the tool,

.130065 / 0870

and the tubes became with progressive solvent evaporation lighter colored. After drying overnight, the extruded tubes were examined for static burn. After about two minutes of burning, the tubes went out. With regard to follow-up treatment, however, compare Example 19.

Example 17

Using the procedure of Example 13, the following materials were combined and mixed to a mixture containing 62.5% solids, which was then extruded:

324.8 grams of light tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and 7.64% oven humidity

72.0 g 95% methylene chloride 83.2 g v / water.

During the extrusion the pressure rose to about 105 bar (1500 psi). The mechanical properties of the extruded hollow tubes were excellent. The tubes had a high degree of plasticity and could be stretched without breaking. It was possible to successfully extrude lengths of over 1 m. The dried ones Tubes showed no continuous static burn. (With regard to further treatment, see however example 19).

Example 18

Using the procedure of Example 13, the following materials were combined and made one Mixture mixed with a solids content of 62.5%, the was then extruded:

332.2 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and 9.7% oven humidity

34.2 g methylene chloride 36.0 g ethanol 77.0 g water.

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After extrusion, did the tubes show a certain plasticity? however, it was not as big as in that Cases where methylene chloride is the main solvent was used. Static burn-off was achieved by post treatment as described in the following example is.

Example 19

Representative tubes made according to Examples 13, 15, 16, 17 and 18 became to Cut lengths of 100 mm. The tubes were immersed in water for 30 seconds so that exactly 50 mm of each tube with the Came into contact with water. The tubes were placed in a CEK Corporation '"Model microwave oven at maximum power for 2 minutes AVC-MP ". Conventional cellulose acetate filters were attached to the untreated end of each tube after drying appropriate. The tubes were held at the pilter end while the water treated end was ignited. the Static burn rate was related to the time required to treat the 50 mm long with water Burn off part of the tube. The results are summarized in Table V below.

Table V

solvent Methanol Static burn-off Ex. Isopropanol Speed, mm / min 13th Tert-butanol 1.85 15th Methylene chloride 3.64 16 Methylene chloride-ethanol 2.13 17th 0.68 ¹ 18th 2.42

The tube immersed for 30 seconds showed no static burn. After 45 seconds of immersion, the tube burned for 8 minutes and 5 seconds and went out afterwards. After re-lighting, the tube burned for a further ο min and 35 s. The total burned length was 10 mm.

1.30065 / 08 7 0

The results show that when dried, extruded Tobacco tubes are subjected to a water treatment, the tube wall is modified so that the Combustion properties of the tube can be improved.

Example 20

The following ingredients were combined and mixed in a Hobart mixer for approximately 25 minutes:

154.05 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than -60 mesh and $ 9.15 oven moisture

61.53 g of one particle size Pittsburgh coal carbon black from 0.25 to 0.42 mm (-40 + 60 mesh) and 2.48% oven moisture

48.0 ml 95% ethanol 56.4 g water.

The mixture of tobacco and carbon black with a solid content of 64.5% was dark but had the same consistency as the mixtures used previously.

Using the extrusion conditions according to Example 8, tobacco / carbon black tubes were produced whose outer diameter was 8 mm and whose inner diameter was 6.5 mm. During extrusion, the maximum tool head pressure was 140 bar gauge (2000 psig) and the maximum "melting temperature" 41 ⁰ C (106 ⁰ F).

After drying overnight, the tobacco / soot tubes exhibited continued static burn.

Example 21

Tobacco / soot tubes in which the carbon black content was approximately 40% of the total solids were made using the the following raw materials:

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206.7 grams of light tobacco with a particle size of less than

-60 mesh and 9.12% oven moisture 130.3 g of one particle size Pittsburgh coal carbon black

from 0.1 to 0.25 mm (-60 to +140 mesh) 75.1 ml of 95 # ethanol 88.7 grams of water (64.596 solids).

Tobacco / soot tubes with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm were extruded. The "Wayne" brand plastic extruder has been modified to that it had a spider with a low restrictive effect to improve the flow properties.

The extruder conditions were as follows:

Zone 1 - 38 ⁰ C (100 ⁰ F) Zone 2 to 66 ⁰ C (150 ⁰ F) Zone 3-93 ⁰ C (200 ⁰ F) injection tool - 121 ⁰ C (250 ⁰ F) Screw Speed - 120 rpm.

Tool head pressure was applied during extrusion of up to about 42 bar (600 psig) pressure, followed by rapid extrusion of the tubular product. When the pressure dropped, the manufacture of the tubes stopped; however, after the pressure was built up, it became a new product extruded.

Samples from extruded tubes were dried overnight and examined for static burn-off. All samples exhibited persistent static burn on.

Example 22

The following ingredients were combined and mixed in a Hobart mixer:

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154.0 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than -60 mesh and 9.12% oven moisture

60.0 g calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than 0.30 mm (-50 mesh) and 0.06% oven moisture

48.0 ml of 95% ethanol 57.9 g of water (solids content 64.5%).

After 25 minutes of mixing, tobacco tubes were made using the procedure described in Example 8 extruded. The maximum tool head pressure reached during of extruding 70 bar overpressure (100 psig). The extruded tubes were slightly in diameter over 8 mm. This can be due to an expansion due to the contained carbonate.

Example 23

222.3 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm (-60 mesh) and 10.09% oven humidity were with 84.8 g of water are added and the whole is mixed in a Hobart mixer for 1 hour and 20 minutes. Then 50 g of ammonium carbonate were added of 20% oven humidity was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.

The material was extruded using a "Wayne" type plastic extruder under the following conditions:

Zone 1-30 ⁰ C Zone 2 - 50 ⁰ C Zone 3-70 ⁰ C injection tool - 100 ⁰ C cooling water for the feed was employed.

A straight tubing tool 8 mm in outside diameter and 7 mm in inside diameter was used.

No pressure was observed on the tool head; die seugtemj
decreased.

The mold temperature rose ^{to 90 °} C. during the extrusion

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An example of the extruded tubes, 85 mm long cut, was overnight in a humidity cabinet with a relative humidity of 60% ins Set equilibrium. When ignited with a gas flame, the hollow tube exhibited continued static burn over 6 minutes A 20 mm long section of the tube had a burn rate of 0.185 mm / s.

Example 24

200.2 g of light tobacco with a particle size of 0.25 to 0.42 mm (-40 +60 mesh) and 10.0% oven moisture and 150.0 g of tobacco slurry containing diammonium phosphate and a solids content of 18.0%, made in accordance with US Pat. No. 3,353,541, were placed in a Hobart mixer Blended for 2 hours to a mixture having a solids content of about 59.12%.

The material, which formed light nodules, was successfully dated using a plastic extruder "Wayne" type extruded. All three zones and the injection mold were initially at room temperature and no cooling was applied during extrusion. the Screw speed was 30 to 60 rpm; the die head pressure was 49 barg (700 psig).

The extrusion has ended and increases the mold temperature to 100 ⁰ C. Further tubes with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 7 mm were successfully extruded.

After lighting with a gas flame, a sample of the last-named tubes burned for about 3 minutes and 20 seconds.

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Example 25

222.3 g of light-colored tobacco with a particle size of less than 0.42 mm (-40 mesh) and. 10.05% oven humidity was used with 111.0 g of water are added. The mixture was in a Hobart mixer Stirred for 1 1/2 hours.

The tobacco mixture with a solids content νοη · 6θ % By weight was then added to the hopper of the Introduced into the extruder described in Example 1, and it was tried to hollow tobacco tubes of 8 ram outer diameter and 7 mm inner diameter to extrude.

The initial temperatures that were set in the control circuit were as follows:
Zone 1 - 30 ⁰ C
Zone 2 - 50 ⁰ C
Zone 3 - 70 ⁰ C
Injection mold - 100 ⁰ C
Cooling water for the feed hopper was turned on.

Tobacco tubes were extruded under these conditions. It was observed that water vapor escaped from the tool during extrusion. The temperature of zone 3 was then raised to 100 ⁰ C. Tobacco tubes were extruded under these conditions and it was observed that more water:
lung.

then raised to 100 ⁰ C. Under these conditions, water vapor was escaping from the tool than at the 70 ° C ~ setting.

The temperature of the tool was then increased to 14O ⁰ C. Tobacco tubes were also extruded under these conditions. It was observed that water vapor emerged from the tool and that the outer surface of the extruded tubes was less regular (not smooth) than under the conditions previously used. None of the samples made under the above extrusion conditions showed continued static burn, suggesting the need for post treatment or other measures to control porosity.

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Example 26

112.5 grams of light tobacco with a particle size of 0.25 "to 0.42 mm (-40 + 60 mesh) and 11.06% oven moisture 61.33 g of water and 17.0 g of 95% ethanol were added. The mixture was in a Hobart mixer for 1.25 hours long stirred. 112.5 grams of light particle size tobacco 0.42-0.84 mm (-20 + 40 mesh) and 11.06% oven moisture were then added to the mixture and the whole stirred for a further 15 minutes. The tobacco mixture with a solids content of 65.9 wt .-% was then was placed in the feed hopper of the extruder and hollow tobacco tubes 8 mm in outside diameter were tried and 7 mm inner diameter to extrude.

The extruder temperatures were set on the control unit as follows:

Zone 1 - ambient temperature Zone 2 - ambient temperature Zone 3 - ambient temperature Tool parked

Cooling water for the feed hopper shut off.

Ambient temperature settings were achieved by setting the control setting to such a value that the control unit was not supplying either heat or cold. The temperature was 21 ⁰ C.

Hollow tobacco tubes were extruded onto paper towels and left to dry in the room overnight. The tubes showed a after drying continued static burning.

Example 27

1092.2 g of light tobacco with a particle size of less than -60 mesh (0.25 mm) and 8.44% moisture content were added with 268.3 g of water and 189.9 g of 95% ethanol. That

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Mixture was stirred in a Hobart mixer for 35 minutes.

The tobacco mixture with a solids content of 64.5 % by weight was then divided into two parts. About 3/4 of the mixture was fed to a Wayne Machine and Die Company table top extruder with a 25.4 mm liner. The extruder was equipped with four automatic temperature controls, three zones on the liner and one on the injection mold, and had a water-cooled feed hopper, cooling fans mounted on the liner, a 1: 1 extruder screw and a pressure control from 0 to 700 bar (0 to 10,000 ρsi ) of the type Gentron No. GT-90. A quarter of the mixture was placed in the hopper of a "Wayne Model No. 2417" brand plastic extruder. The "Model No. 2417" extruder was modified to include a 25.4 mm water cooled liner, a 1: 1 extruder screw 25.4 mm and an automatic feed hopper. It was adapted to the above extruder via a modified crosshead die from Wayne Machine and Die Company.

The extruder "Model No. 2417" was then operated in such a way that it successively the tobacco mixture in the open Passage of the simultaneously extruded hollow tobacco tubes extruded from the extruder described above were extruded. The successive extrusion of the tobacco mixture into the tubes of 8 mm outside diameter and 7 mm inside diameter resulted in a series of plugs about 5 mm long spaced of about 70 mm along the longitudinal axis of the hollow tubes. The extrusion conditions of the hollow Tubes were as follows:

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Zone 1 - 50 ⁰ C
Zone 2 - 70 ⁰ C
Zone 3 - 90 ⁰ C
Tool - 200 ⁰ C

Cooling water for the feed hopper was turned on. A cross head tool was used and at the same time extruded.

Some samples extruded in this way were placed in a microwave oven of the type "CEM Model AUC-MP" and with half power dried for 5 minutes. The samples dried in this way showed continued static Burn down.

Additional samples of extrudate were allowed to air dry overnight on a paper towel. These specimens were then cut into smokable lengths - ^l by dividing them at the center of each plug,

resulting in samples 75 now in length with tobacco plugs 2.5 mm thick placed at each end. Several small holes were then drilled lengthways through the plugged ends of the specimens to allow the specimens to be removed by a smoker. could be smoked, using insert drills numbered 80 ^w and 69. Cellulose acetate filters about 20 mm in length were then attached to one of the ends of the samples with cellophane tape.

These samples showed no continued static burn. The samples were then immersed in water for 2 seconds dipped and left to dry in room air overnight. After drying, the samples showed continued static Burn down and could be smoked.

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Example 28

327.2 g light-colored tobacco with a particle size of less than -60 mesh and 8.44% oven moisture were measured with 81.67 g water, 57.4 g 95% ethanol and 3.03 g tert-butal-p-menthancarboxamide offset. The mixture was stirred in a Hobart mixer for 25 minutes.

The tobacco mixture having a solids content of 64.5 wt -.% Was then divided into two portions, and as described in Example 27 under similar conditions, extruded.

Plugged tube samples extruded in this manner were placed in a microwave oven Dried for 5 min at half power (181.4 watts). These samples showed continued static burn.

Smokable samples were prepared from air-dried extrudate in the same manner as mentioned in Example 27. These samples showed no continued static burn, but they burned sufficiently that they ignited and could be smoked in the normal way. A menthol-like cooling was observed when these samples were smoked became.

Example 29

338.8 grams of light tobacco with a particle size below -60 mesh (0.25 mm) and 11.46% oven moisture were added with 69.2 g water and 56.8 g 95% ethanol. The mixture was stirred in a Hobart mixer for 35 minutes.

The tobacco mixture with a solids content of 64.5% was fed to the extruder mentioned in Example 26, and hollow tobacco tubes of 8 mm in outer diameter and 7 mm inside diameter extruded under conditions similar to those given in Example 26.

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Samples of the extrudate were placed on paper towels and allowed to dry in room air overnight.

Some samples collected during the 5.5th to 7.0th minute of extrusion were used for the Analysis selected. The analysis results are as follows:

Sample weight 12.96 mg / mm

Wall thickness (calculated) 1.100 g / cm ⁵

Pressure drop AP (85 mm) 10.0 cm (3.94 inches) H ₂ O Static burn rate 23.46 mm / min

Total particulate fraction _{π Λί} ~ _mrp in smoke (TPM) ' ^g

Tar Puff 0.10 mg

CO emission in 3 pulls 0.03 mg

Example, 30

451.8 grams of light tobacco with 11.46% oven humidity 92.2 g of water and 75.7 g of 95% ethanol are added. The mixture was stirred in a Hobart mixer for 25 minutes.

The tobacco mixture with a solids content of 64.5 Wt .-% was then mentioned in Example 27 extruder with table-like top of the Wayne Machine and The company brought in * The die of the extruder was modified in such a way that hollow tubes with an outer diameter of 8 mm and 6 mm inside diameter were extruded. The extrusion conditions were the same as in Example 26th

The extruded tobacco tubes were placed on paper towels to dry in room air overnight.

Extrudate samples obtained during the 5.5. to 7.5. minute The extrusion collected were sent for analysis. The analysis results are as follows:

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Sample weight Wall thickness Pressure drop A P (85 mm) Static burning rate

Total particulate content in smoke (TPM) Tar / puff CO emissions in 3rd puff

19.87 mg / mm 3m (6.77 inches 0.904 g / cm ³ mm / min 17.2 ( mg 31.20 mg 0.21 mg 0.17 0.06

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Claims (1)

Claims a coherent mass of combustible, tobacco-containing Material (9) which extends through the material between an opening in the surface of the mass and at least one a second, at a distance from the first arranged opening extending passage (2) that the mass furthermore has such a porosity that after ignition the combustion is maintained, as well as a has such a density and porosity that the gas flow through the mass itself is practically closed. 2. Tobacco product according to claim 1, characterized by an air-permeable plug (5) made of easily combustible material which blocks the passage at one end. 3 ' tobacco product according to claim 2,
characterized by at least one further air-permeable plug (6) which blocks the passage (2) at a point spaced from the first plug (5). 4. Tobacco product according to claim 3,
characterized in that the further plug (6) is located at the other end of the passage (2). 130065/0870 5. Tobacco product according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a passage (2) which extends axially through a cylindrical molding compound. 6. tobacco product according to claim 5,
characterized, that the "the passage (2) occupied portion of the Cross-section is greater than the portion of the cross-section occupied by the mass (9). 7. Tobacco product according to one of claims Ibis 6, characterized in that the tobacco-containing material is extruded, comminuted Includes tobacco. 8. tobacco product according to claim 7,
characterized, that the shredded tobacco has a particle size of less than 0.6 mm (30 mesh). 9. Tobacco product according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the tobacco-containing material also contains particles of non-tobacco filler material. 10. Tobacco product according to claim 9,
characterized, that the filler particles are made of carbon black, calcium carbonate, Diatomaceous earth and / or attapulgite exist. 11. Tobacco product according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that the tobacco-containing material also contains a kiln furniture. 130065/0870 12. Tobacco product according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that that at least one plug (5, 6) blocking the passage contains a flavoring agent. 13. A method for the production of tobacco products, characterized in that that you have a mixture of combustible tobacco material with at least a volatile liquid is deformed under pressure into a separate coherent mass that one Passage created through the mass and that the mass is dried, the composition of the mixture, the deformation pressure and the drying conditions are controlled so as to impart porosity and density to the mass be that the gas flow through the mass is practically completed, but the combustion after ignition is entertained. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized, that the passage is formed during the deformation of the mass. 15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that that the passage is formed following the deformation of the mass. 16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized, that a tobacco mixture is used which has a solids content of 55 to 75 and preferably from 60 to 70% by weight having. 130065/0870 17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized, that the tobacco material is crushed. 18. The method according to claim 17 »characterized in that that the tobacco material is processed to a particle size of less than 0.6 mm (30 mesh), preferably less than 0.25 mm (60 mesh) crushed. 19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that a mixture is used which also has a non-binding Contains material. 20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in, that water and a volatile organic liquid are used as liquids. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that that the organic liquid is a low molecular weight alcohol which is compatible with tobacco, in particular Ethanol is used. 22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that that the ratio of organic liquid to water is between 1: 6 and 1: 1 and preferably between 1: 2 and choose 1: 1. 23. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that that the tobacco material and the other ingredients are mixed together until a practically homogeneous one Mixture is achieved. 130065/0870 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized, that the mixing for a period of 15 minutes up to several hours. 25 · The method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the tobacco material and the other ingredients are used to prevent volatilization of the organic liquid mixed in a sealed container. 26. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that that the tobacco material is crushed before mixing. 27. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 26, characterized in that that the mixture is formed into a coherent mass by extrusion. 28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that that the extrusion with the least possible processing of the tobacco mixture, but with sufficient Pressure carries out so that the natural binders contained in the tobacco material are set free. 29. The method according to claim 27 or 28,
characterized, that the tobacco mixture under pressure to the extrusion mechanism feeds. 30. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that that extrusion is carried out by screw extrusion, preferably with an extruder with a 1: 1 screw. 130065/0870 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that that one can extrude the tobacco mixture at a "melt pressure" (pressure at the outlet of the extruder) of 175 bar (2500 psi) or less, and preferably 84 bar (1200 psi) or less. 32. The method according to claim 31, characterized, that the tobacco mixture during the extrusion with or below a "melt temperature" (temperature at the extruder outlet) of 40 ° C. 33. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that that extrusion is carried out by piston extrusion. 34. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 33, characterized in that that a practically cylindrically shaped mass is produced by extrusion. 35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that that one along the axis of the cylindrically shaped mass forms a passage which is preferably defined by an interior surface of the molded mass. 36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that that one selects the extruded cross-sectional area of the mass, which is perpendicular to its axis, less than that Cross-sectional area of the passage perpendicular to the same axis. 130065/0870 37. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 36, characterized in that that you have one or more porous, easily flammable Plug inserted into the passage of the molded mass. 38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that inserting a plug by extruding plug material into the passage. 39. The method according to claim 38, characterized in that that tobacco mixture and plug material are extruded simultaneously. 40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that that the plug material is extruded intermittently. 41. The method according to claim 40, characterized, that the mass is cut at right angles to the axis, on which the plug material is located in the passage. 42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the cut is made through the plug material. 43. The method according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that that the cutting is carried out simultaneously with the extrusion of the tobacco mixture and preferably synchronously therewith. 130065/0670 44. The method according to any one of claims 39 "to 43, characterized in that one is applied to the wall of the extruded tobacco mixture exerts a force to bond the tobacco mixture with the extruded plug material. 45. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 43, characterized in that you expand the plug material and yourself with the wall of the extruded tobacco mixture can bind together. 46. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 45, characterized in that the shaped mass by exposure to heat dries. 47. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that that drying is carried out by hot air at a temperature of preferably about 100 ^° C. for 15 minutes to 1 hour. 48. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that that drying is effected by exposing the shaped mass to the action of microwave energy. 49. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 45, characterized in that drying is effected by the fact that the shaped mass of the ambient atmosphere, preferably at a temperature of 21 to 24 ⁰ C (70 to 75 ⁰ F) for 12 to 24 h exposes. 130065/0870 50. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 49, characterized, that the dried mass is rewetted and dried again. 51. The method according to claim 50, characterized in that that the rewetting is carried out for a period of time, which is sufficient to adjust the porosity of the mass to a certain value after it has been dried again. 130065/0870