DE3114463A1 - Installation for covering or supplementing the energy requirement (e.g. for heating) rooms or gaseous and/or liquid media (heat-transfer media) and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim to be achieved in this case consists in providing an installation, in particular for living and business premises, in which all energy sources which are available are used, and in particular solar collectors with roof absorber or earth absorbers according to the invention, the individual units being switchable optionally in adaptation to the energy requirement and in adaptation to the energy available. <IMAGE>

Description

31Ί 4463

- ίο -

System for covering or supplementing the energy requirement (e.g. for heating) of Spaces or gaseous and / or liquid media (heat carriers) and the like.

Klöckner & Co., Knorrstrasse 119, 8000 Munich 40

The invention relates to a system as described in the preamble of claim 1.

Systems for covering or supplementing the energy requirement, in particular for heating rooms or heating up gaseous or liquid heat carriers, are widely known. In general, solar cells are used and the solar energy captured by them is used. The direct energy conversion of sunlight into electrical energy is conceivable ( solar battery) or the heat is used to heat up a heat transfer medium and this heat transfer medium is fed to a storage tank. It is also known to use geothermal energy by laying pipe systems in the ground, heating a heat transfer medium flowing through and making the energy obtained in this way usable via a heat pump.

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The disadvantage of the known systems is that their energy production is relatively low.

The object of the invention is to create a generic system that has all the energy sources that are available stand, - not just directly using solar energy - and create a system that in each case the system for energy generation can come into play, according to the climatic conditions the best utilization guaranteed.

The problem posed is achieved in particular by the characterizing features of claims 1, 3 and 12 as well as all other subclaims.

The system according to the invention is - as later in individual described - ensures that not only

/ Radiation optimally the / the sun is used, but insenergy

in particular, the temperature of the ambient air can also be used can be made, for example, down to minus temperatures of approx. 5 C; it is further guaranteed that a terrestrial absorber is available, which donates optimal amounts of energy. It is also guaranteed that the system or two systems or all systems switch on in this way - i.e. coordinated with one another are - that an optimal use of energy is guaranteed ♦ stores and

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is. In relation to e.g. a central heating operated by oil only about 20% of the oil quantities are required as room heating for a specific system.

Further details of the invention emerge from the description and the drawing, namely shows:

Fig. 1 schematically shows a system according to the invention, i.w. consisting of three systems, namely a solar collector system, a roof absorber system and a Earth absorber system, whereby all three systems work together on one (several) storage tanks,

/ 12 Fig. 2 / in cross section a solar collector, the one roof absorber according to the invention is assigned, Fig. 3 schematically shows the arrangement of a roof absorber

on a flat roof,

Fig. 4 is a plan view of an insulating housing, as this can be used in connection with the illustration according to Fig. 3,
5 shows a sectional drawing through an earth absorber,

consisting of a correspondingly large bowl made of concrete in which a pipe system is inserted a heat transfer medium flows,

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Fig. 6 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 5, but the pipe system is in the interior (i.e. not in the concrete walls) inserted, Fig. 7 a concrete post with an inserted heat exchanger system in tube form,

Fig. 8 embodies a heat exchanger (in view) made of steel pipe for pouring into a concrete pipe, this heat exchanger at the same time as Reinforcement is used,

9 schematically shows a further earth absorber which uses waste water heat,

FIG. 10 shows, purely schematically, the possibility of a switching arrangement of a system, as shown for example in FIG. 1 and
Fig. 11 a channel loop.

The solar collector 1 is via the inflow line 2 with connected to a heat exchanger (with a circulation pump, etc.) provided in the memory 4. The reflux line leads back to solar collector 1. Vent plugs 44 can be arranged on both lines. The solar collector 1 is from the roof absorber according to the invention 5, which is described in detail later for FIG. 2, surrounded. An inflow line 6 is attached to the roof absorber 5; this opens into the heat pump 8. From here the return line 7 leads back to the roof absorber 5.

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About the heat pump 8 - after the implementation - the Energy also fed to the memory 4.

The earth absorber 9 described later is connected to this circuit. This is also via an inflow line 10 connected to the heat pump 8 and a return line 11. The delivered by the earth absorber 9 Energy is also converted and thus arrives in storage unit 4.

The variant is indicated that the pipe system inflow line 6 / return line 7 of the roof absorber 5 can be used can be made so that the inflow line 10 or reflux line 11 saves. Using appropriate Manifold 12, 13 can therefore be used a part of the pipe system 6, 7, as indicated in the drawing is.

The three systems described in claim 1 with systems a) to c) can operate as explained below.

The system a), consisting of at least one solar collector 1 with the associated outward and return lines 2, 3, supplies usable heat directly to the storage tank 4. The usable heat can be 40 ° C, for example or up to 80 C. From memory 4 is also

if the energy is supplied to the consumer via a heat transfer medium or fed to a heat exchanger, for example a swimming pool, or service water can be taken directly or this energy is fed to a heating system. This happens with all three systems a) to c). It should also be mentioned that a large number of solar collectors 1 or roof absorber 5 or Earth absorber 9 may include.

II In the case of, for example, insufficient solar radiation - rainy weather, hazy weather, etc. - when solar collector 1 does not provide any usable energy, the system b) = roof absorber 5 is switched on via known switching elements. When this happens, the heat pump 8 starts up and removes the heat transfer medium passing through the inflow line 6 is supplied, the heat, converts this into usable heat (energy) and leads it to the storage tank 4 to. The heat pump 8 thus brings the low temperature - as is known - to a higher temperature, with the heat of the ambient air is taken from the roof absorber according to the invention via convection. This invention Roof absorber 5 also uses ambient air, for example from +10 C, but also up to approx. -5 ° C

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Above was described as case I that the solar collector 1 delivers fully usable heat. In case II it was described that the collector 1 does not provide any usable heat; then only the roof absorber works 5.

III In the following, the case of insufficient energy coverage explained.

a) If the solar collector 1 supplies a small amount of energy, which the store 4 does not absorb directly can (because too little), then the little usable heat from solar collector 1 is immediately applied the roof absorber 5, which also supplies additional energy. It may be that then the Usable heat is sufficient to supply the memory 4 via the heat pump 8. Here both the Solar collector 1 as well as the absorber 5 give energy together to the heat pump 8, which the heat ' converts it into usable heat.

b) If, for example, the energy supplied by the solar collector 1 tends to zero, the roof absorber 5 may, under certain circumstances, still provide energy that is sufficient to supply the memory 4 via the heat pump 8.

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This would be the case, for example, with an overcast sky, rain, fog, etc. The system b) works up to outside temperatures in the range of -5 ° C. But if the outside temperature continues to fall e.g. down to -10 ° C, then no energy would be available from the roof absorber 5, and neither would any Energy from the solar collector 1. Systems a) and b) would be useless in this situation, so they would be switched off.

c) But it can happen that at an outside temperature of, for example, -10 ° C with a clear sky, relatively intense solar radiation also affects solar collector 1 Energy supplies. In this case the solar collector 1 could heat up the roof absorber 5 (e.g. + 15 ° C) and now usable heat is available again, which is fed to the memory 4 via the heat pump 8 will.

d) In the above-described case, if the solar collector 1 and also the roof absorber 5 fail, then occurs the earth absorber 9 (system c)) in function. The systems a) and b) are switched off and that System c) = earth absorber 9 switches on the heat pump 8 and this takes energy from the earth absorber 9,

which is converted into usable heat. The heat transfer medium can thereby enter the heat pump via the inflow line 10 8 or using the last part of the inflow line 6 of the roof absorber 5. The distributors 12, 13 then have to be switched over accordingly. This can be done by switching on the Heat pump 8 happen.

e) It can be the case that, for example, the energy of the roof absorber 5 is not required directly; this energy so does not need to get to memory 4. Then the system is switched in such a way that the energy of the Roof absorber 5 is fed to the earth absorber 9, i.e. in this case the earth absorber 9 is not switched on, rather it serves as memory for the energy supplied by the roof absorber 5. This can happen, for example, when the solar collector 1 supplies enough energy to the storage unit 4. But this can also happen if there is another energy source (e.g. the heating) supplies enough energy.

In Fig. 2 is a roof absorber is a schematic and in section 5 shown. The dividing line with the arrows indicates that in the lower area of the representation a known per se Solar collector 1 is shown. In principle, the

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Solar collector 1 from a glass plate 45, which is in the distance to the absorber 46 is arranged. The whole system is in a known way in rubber cords or strips stored and held by the frame 15, with a Aluminum strip 47 can be assigned as a holding means.

The arrow 14 indicates that here the fastening to the roof with the interposition of a foam rubber cord 48 can be done.

However, the arrangement of the roof absorber 5 on the frame 15 is essential to the invention. This type of configuration a roof absorber 5 will be made if it is a retrofit, i.e. the i.w. as a hollow frame trained roof absorber 5 can subsequently be assigned to each solar collector system 1. Internally of the hollow frame, a heat transfer fluid is known Type provided, which - see Fig. 1- the thermal energy via the inflow line 6 to the memory 4 feeds.

Since the solar collector 1, as explained above, also Energy is given off to the roof absorber 5, the contact surface 18 should be such that a good heat transfer is guaranteed is. This can be done, for example, by a corrugated contact surface 19 or a serrated contact surface Or the wall 21 of the roof absorber 5 is made relatively thin.

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The frame 17 of the roof absorber 5 is in the example shown - seen in cross section - rectangular. He but could also, as the dashed lines indicate, have a semicircular shape 23 or a triangular shape 24. But you could also choose the rectangular shape and make the upper surface in the shape of an arc 25. Any geometric meaningful form is conceivable. In any case, it is important to have a large surface area in order to be able to use the To extract as much heat as possible from the ambient air.

In the case of non-retrofitting, that is, for a new system however, the frame 15 can also be formed into a roof absorber. For this purpose, the frame 15 must all around be completely sealed. ■ Its surface should be enlarged if possible. It then serves as a roof absorber and should be referred to as a solar frame, because he is now in a position to withdraw energy from the air around him. In this sense, according to the invention the aluminum frame 47 can also be used, the aluminum frame 47 in turn can form a unit with the solar frame 15 or can both be connected via openings; also this belongs to the invention.

■ «• absorber

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A roof absorber 7 is shown schematically in FIG. 3; it is assigned an insulating housing 26, one rear absorber surface 28 can be provided. This system is used on flat roofs 27.

An insulating housing 26 is shown schematically in FIG. 4, as it can be used in an arrangement according to FIG.

The earth absorber 9 shown in Fig. 5 - sectional figure - is sunk several meters deep in the earth (e.g. four Meter). It consists of concrete and is designed in the form of a cup 33. There are heat exchangers in the side walls provided, here in the form of a pipe system The pipes are arranged helically. At the the upper end is an inlet pipe 31 or an outlet pipe from recognizable. The whole system can be closed with a cover 49.

"u / St / Al etc.) The heat exchanger tubes can be made of plastic or metal / be created. In addition, reinforcement meshes 50, for example, can be provided. The pipe system can also be through the Be guided bottom surface of the concrete bowl 33. The pipes do not have to be arranged centrally in the concrete wall 29 be.

* Vertical surfaces (e.g. facade cladding), balcony parapets, in the field, etc.

At the bottom of the picture it is indicated that the pipe material can have a wave shape to cover a larger surface to obtain.

/ e.g. The interior space 51 can / be filled with water; about that Spongy material should prevent or reduce harmful expansion of the water when it freezes E.g. a foam filling can be provided.

Such an earth absorber 9 works according to the following principle. First, the heat from the surrounding area Soil as well as withdrawn from the FüHnedium. The filling medium freezes relatively quickly (this process also uses the heat of fusion). This earth absorber 9 has the advantage over the known laying of pipes that there is not such a broad catchment area is required. Otherwise one reckons that the floor area will be two and a half to three times the size the living space to be heated must have. This is the case with that Earth absorber 9 according to the invention is not required. To the The rapid icing also benefits the favorable efficiency.

The earth absorber according to FIG. 6 also consists of a concrete system in the form of a cup 29a. However, here are not those

Pipelines (heat exchangers) are laid in the concrete wall, but are located in the interior space 51; the piping system is foam-coated (number 52). In / e.g. Interior 51 is / water is housed.

One could - as is generally the case with the entire invention here too, the embodiment according to FIG. 5 with that according to Combine Fig. 6, i.e. also place a heat exchanger system in the concrete wall.

In the concrete post 29 according to section 7 is also a pipe system 30b. housed as a heat exchanger. The function is described in a similar way to the other systems.

Fig. 8 shows schematically a heat exchanger made of, for example, steel pipes; this heat exchanger can be in the wall a concrete pipe are poured. It also serves as reinforcement. The tubes 35 are circular in shape and arranged at a distance from one another. At their free ends they are connected by hollow rings 36 so that the Flow of the heat transfer medium is guaranteed. Inlet and outlet lines (not shown) can also be provided here be.

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How it is possible to generate additional heat by flowing sewage around a geothermal absorber is shown schematically FIG. 9. The wastewater (if possible without faeces) first flows into a wastewater space 43, the can be created in the form of a well ring 37. The heat is given off to the earth absorber 9, the the waste water space 43 penetrates centrically (not necessarily). The earth absorber 9 can thus still further into the Be grounded. The sewage is returned to the original one through the sewer drain pipe 39 Piped system. A float 42 with an associated lifting system is also indicated. This system then becomes active if the wastewater level rises too high. then the locking ball 41 is removed and the waste water can through the waste water safety pipe 40 to the original Channel system are fed. All the systems described above can be used as the earth absorber 9.

Fig. 10 shows, purely schematically, a system with control elements. For example, thermostats and others are used Control elements determined which system a) or b) or c) delivers the more favorable heat values. This system is then switched on or it is switched to two systems, if both the produce the best effect. Accordingly, the heat pump 8 is then put into operation or switched off.

For all other functions - as described e.g. for Fig. 1, If the distribution of the various circuits is appropriate but not via the switchover valves, but take place via the circulation pump assigned to each circuit.

It should also be added that the earth absorber also works with others suitable liquids can be filled, for example with brine liquid of various kinds. For example, you can use a plastic that is solid at a certain temperature (e.g. 24 C) and melts at a different temperature (e.g. 25 C). In any case, all known means should be used come to use the change in physical state (also salts, alcohol, etc.).

Fig. 11 shows schematically a solar collector 1, the a channel loop 53 (flow loop) still separate assigned, i.e. extended. This channel loop 53 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the collector frame 1 (see Fig. 12) and is supplied with a heat transfer medium flows through, which is supplied as primary energy to a brine-water heat pump 8.

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Optimal use of solar energy is achieved when a temperature that can no longer be used (e.g. 20 ° c) in the direct solar circuit via the channel loop 53 is converted in connection via a brine-water heat pump 8 to a higher usable temperature.

Furthermore, the energy absorbed via the solar collector frame 15, e.g. from the air, can also be used in this channel loop 53 flow.

By means of this measure according to the invention, any Channel image in collector 1 are made possible. It should be emphasized as a particular advantage that this is very low manufacturing costs and the energy efficiency is optimal.

Otherwise the other function is as described for the roof absorber (see Fig. 1 or 10).

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PATENT ADVOCATE DR. WILHELM HATE GRADUATE ENGINEER

£ -> 00 MÖNCHEN, 5.2.1981 / R

PGm 4457 / Klö

parts list
(Part of the registration)

= Solar collector

2 = inflow line

3 = reflux line

(both for solar collector; system a)

4 = memory

= Roof absorber; especially intended for retrofitting; e.g. takes heat from solar collector 1 on, but especially temperatures of the circulating air, e.g. +10 C, but also down to approx. -5 C; consists a hollow frame for a flowing medium)

6 = inflow line

7 = return line

(both for roof absorbers; system b)

= Heat pump (brine-water heat pump)

9 = earth absorber

10 = inflow line

11 = return line

(both for earth absorber; system c)

= Distributor or switch valve

= Distributor or switch valve

= Arrow; indicates that this frame part is intended to be attached to the roof

= Frame = solar frame; this is the solar collector belonging, namely as a stiffening of the system; according to the invention, however, it will serve in the future also as a roof absorber, but must then be impermeable to liquids be sealed

= Heat transfer fluid, eg oil, H ₂ O with antifreeze or other known agents

= Absorber frame for roof absorber

18 = contact (support) surfaces

= corrugated abutment or contact surfaces

20 = serrated support surface

= Wall of the roof absorber - 2 -

22 = wall of the solar collector; here frame 15

23 = semi-arch shape

24 = triangular shape

25 = arch shape

26 = insulating housing

27 = flat roof

28 = rear absorber surface

29 = concrete 29a = concrete

30 = pipe system 30a = pipe system 30b = pipe system

31 = inlet pipe

32 = drainage pipe

33 = concrete bowl

34 = foam material; Foam; Foam rubber

35 = pipe

36 = hollow ring

37 = fountain ring

38 = sewage inflow pipe

39 = From what s he down the river pipe

40 = waste water safety pipe

41 = shutter; here ball

42 = float with lifting system

43 = sewage room

44 = ventilation pot

45 = glass plate

46 = absorber

47 = aluminum bar

48 = foam rubber cord

49 = cover

50 = reinforcement mesh

51 = interior

52 = foam coating 5 3 = channel loop

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Claims (1)

31U463 PATENT ADVOCATE βΟΟΟ MÖNCHEN, 5.2.1 ₉ 8i / R DR. WILLIAM HATE ? ^Gm 4457 / Klö GRADUATE ENGINEER Claims 1. / System to cover or supplement the energy demand of rooms and / or gaseous and / or liquid media (e.g. water) or the like by using existing ones Energies such as solar energy, heat stored in the ground and the like using e.g. Solar collectors that can be connected to storage facilities via pipelines, characterized by a plurality of self-contained individually or jointly or partially systems that work together (supplying energy (e.g. thermal energy) to at least one storage device), namely: I. System a), consisting of at least one known solar collector (1), the overflow and return lines (2, 3) for a heat transfer medium is connected to at least one memory (4); II. System b), consisting of one, the solar collector (I) associated roof absorber (5), which via outward and return lines (6, 7) for a war 31U463 The carrier and intermediate heat pump (S) is connected to the storage tank (4); III. System c), consisting of a Erdabsorber (9), the overflow and return lines (10, 11) for a heat transfer medium is connected to the memory (4) by interposing a heat pump (8). 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the system c) in the outward and return lines (6, 7) of the system b) can be switched on, expediently using switching means, e.g. valves (12, 13). 3. Roof absorber for use, for example, a system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by a self-contained roof absorber (1 7), the lines with outward and return flow (6, 7) is connected (connected). 4. Roof absorber according to claim 3 , characterized in that the inflow line (6) opposite with respect to the reflux line (7) is introduced into the roof abs (i7). 31H463 5. Roof absorber according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the roof absorber (i 7) is on provided immediately adjacent to the solar collector (1), e.g. is attached tightly to this, preferably on a large contact surface. 6. roof absorber according to claim 3 to 5, characterized in that the contact surface (contact surface) Solar collector (1) / roof absorber (1 7) with, the heat transfer favoring means provided or designed accordingly, e.g. by enlarging the surface (serrated or corrugated contact surfaces (18, 19); small wall thicknesses of each other lying walls (21, 22) etc.). 7. roof absorber according to claim 3 to 6, characterized in that the roof absorber (17) on Frame (15) of the solar collector (1) is attached. 8. Roof absorber according to claim 3 to 7, characterized in that the roof absorber (17) has a has a large surface e.g. due to geometrical (seen in cross-section) shaping, like semi-arch form (23), arch form (25). Triangle shape (24) etc. 3114A63 9. Roof absorber in particular according to claim 3, characterized in that the solar frame (15) as roof absorber (17) (= roof absorber (5)) use takes place or is formed into a roof frame (e.g. through waterproof design and attachment at least an outward and return line for a heat transfer medium). 10. Roof absorber according to claim 9, characterized in that the surface of the solar frame (15) is kept large or enlarged (compared to the current training, which is only has to fulfill the function of holding the solar cell with accessories) and preferably one accordingly Has geometric cross-sectional shape. 11. Roof absorber according to claim 3 to 10, characterized by the assignment of an insulating housing (26) (e.g. when used on a flat roof (27), vertical surfaces). 12. Earth absorber for use, for example, in a system according to claims 1 and 2 and optionally using a roof absorber according to claims 3 to 11, wherein geothermal heat absorbing means 31H463 (with corresponding supply and discharge lines) are wholly or partially located in the ground, characterized by the use of concrete in the form of pipes, piles, bowls, etc. with or without reinforcement gsmi 11 e1. 13. Earth absorber according to claim 12, characterized by a pipe system (30 to 30b) completely or partially surrounded by concrete (29, 29a), with at least one inlet and one outlet for a gaseous or liquid medium (heat transfer medium) is provided. 14. Earth absorber according to claim 12 and 13, characterized in that the pipe system (30a, 30b) is completely or partially embedded in the concrete (29) (is closely surrounded by concrete). 15. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 14, characterized in that the tubes are made of a known, highly thermally conductive material. 16. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 15, characterized in that a self-contained tubular cavity system is provided in the concrete is (e.g. to save metal pipes). 3ΊΊ4403 17. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 16, characterized in that the pipe system is helical or Is designed to run in a spiral. 18. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 17, characterized in that the pipes of the pipe system are arranged so as to run at a distance from one another are. 19. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 18, characterized in that the inlet or outlet pipe (31 or 32) runs in a straight line to the lowest point of the system. 20. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 19, characterized in that known reinforcing agents are added to the concrete (29, 29a) or that the Pipe system (30 to 30b) serves as reinforcement or is designed as reinforcement (e.g. by rods, pipes or the like) that connect the pipes. 21. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 20, characterized in that the wall of the pipe system one - compared to known Pipes - has enlarged surface or means are arranged on the pipe, which the surface enlarge (e.g. sheet metal in wave form, corresponding paint, etc.). 22. Earth absorber according to claim 21, characterized in that wings, ribs or the like are provided to enlarge the surface or the pipe system - seen in cross section - is designed in a wave-like manner. 3. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 22, characterized in that the reinforcing means bear against the pipe system. 24. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 23, characterized in that the pipe system is preferably arranged in the outer jacket area of the concrete walls is. 25. Earth absorber in particular according to claim 12, characterized in that the interior of a concrete pipe, a concrete bowl (33) or the like is provided with e.g. Water is filled or with known means to use changes in the state of aggregation. 26. Earth absorber according to claim 25, characterized in that fillings are added to the water in the interior in order to reduce the explosive effect of the to at least reduce freezing water, such as foam, sponge rubber, etc. 27. Earth absorber in particular according to claim 12, characterized in that the pipe system in the interior of a concrete pipe, a concrete bowl (33) or Like. Is provided. 28. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 27, characterized in that the tubes (30a) are surrounded with foam material (34). 29. Earth absorber according to claim 12 to 28, characterized by a reinforcement insert in the form a heat exchanger, consisting of tubes (35), which in the course of a circle, an ellipse or a another geometrical figure and at both free ends with a hollow connection system e.g. a hollow ring (36) are held together (Fig. 8). 30. Earth absorber in particular according to claim 12, characterized in that the earth absorber is wholly or partially from a well ring (37) - preferably arranged centrally - is surrounded. 31. Earth absorber according to claim 30, characterized in that the well ring (37) with waste water inlet and waste water outlet pipes (38, 39) is provided. 32. Roof absorber in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar frame (15) and / or the solar collector (1) a channel loop (53) (flow loop) is assigned. 33. roof absorber according to claim 32, characterized in that the channel loop (53) is in the immediate area (vicinity) of the collector frame is provided. 34. Roof absorber according to claim 32 and 33, characterized in that the channel loop (53) is connected to the brine-water heat pump (8) by pipes.