DE3106110A1 - Spraying system for improving the fire resistance of doors or the like in buildings in the event of a fire - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for spraying one or both sides of doors with cooling water in order to increase the fire resistance thereof in the event of a fire. This is necessary in order to prevent the fire from spreading and to keep free escape paths for people who could otherwise be cut off if exposed doors were destroyed. These may also be "fire-retardant" steel doors for partitioning off fires, because even the effectiveness of doors such as these can be considerably reduced, or even destroyed, in the event of a prolonged fire. On the other hand, the building concerned, in the event of a fire, is to be exposed to as little water as possible by the spraying systems brought into effect. For this purpose there are arranged distributor tubes (15) for cooling water with outlet openings or nozzles (17), directed towards the door leaf (11), such that the door leaf (11) can be coated on both sides with a flowing layer of cooling liquid. In supply lines (14) for these distributor tubes (15), or in said distributor tubes themselves, there are installed temperature-sensitive shut-off members (16) which are closed when normal room temperature prevails, but, in the event of a fire, open, corresponding to the different heat development in the rooms I and II at time intervals one after the other on both sides of the relevant door, as a result of which the desired reduction in the use of water is achieved. The invention can be used for doors of any construction which, from the point of view of a fire, are provided at an exposed location in a wide variety of buildings, e.g. in hotels, high-rise office buildings, old people's homes, hospitals, shelters, industrial buildings, etc. <IMAGE>

Description

: Γ. . X Ί

Georg Herold, 8653 Mainleus

Spray system to improve fire resistance of doors or the like. In buildings in the event of fire

The invention relates to a spray system for improving the fire resistance of doors or the like Buildings in the event of fire, especially fire-retardant doors.

It is known to prevent fire from spreading and for personal protection in large building spaces by If a fire breaks out, glass fiber curtains to be lowered to create a room separation and these curtains on both sides To sprinkle water (VFDB magazine, issue 4/1968 W. Kohlhammer-Verlag, Stuttgart, pages 123 to 134). For this purpose one has below the suspension of the fiberglass curtain Distribution pipes extending over the width of the curtain on both sides with sprinkler nozzles in the form of so-called rain wall or Rain curtain nozzles provided. Such sprinkled water Fiberglass curtains may be suitable for large, spatially undivided factory or warehouse buildings, etc., but they will come for more general use, e.g. in large office buildings, hotels, hospitals, old people's homes, shelters, etc. out of the question for a variety of reasons. So would be i.a.

considerable damage caused by the relatively large amounts of water fear that would arise if both sides of such curtains were always sprinkled at the same time. Furthermore, they would be The cost of retrofitting such curtains at the numerous required locations in such buildings is very high high.

It is also known to be spatially separated from one another in buildings Create fire compartments with the help of tape seals, such as fire-retardant steel doors (T 90 - 1), Fire dampers or the like. To prevent a branch from expanding to other rooms. When suddenly occurring large fires, however, it is often not possible to after a shorter time with the help of conventional sprinkler or sr CC ^ systems to delete. The result is hours of yes, often days-long fire, which, due to its heat development and duration, the effectiveness of conventional fire barriers considerably reduces, even completely eliminates. This can cause fires that were originally limited to one room were, expand and in this way got completely out of control.

It is also known that if the fire lasts for a long time on so-called "fire-retardant" doors, there is a heat distortion in the door leaf can occur and the desired complete fire sealing is no longer guaranteed. That last

mentioned problem is aggravated by the fact that due to the increasing pressure in the fire room there is a risk that the safety door will detach itself from its bearings and lock releases and thus opens by itself.

The invention is based on the task of closing the doors that are important when a fire breaks out in any building Slit condition from harmful heat exposure and the required amount of liquid to be kept as small as possible in order to reduce the corresponding consequential damage.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that

a) in the circumferential area of the door leaf opposite its two sides at least one distributor pipe each for a cooling liquid is arranged with outlet openings and / or nozzles directed towards the door leaf so that the door leaf with a flowing layer of coolant on both sides can be coated

b) in supply lines for the distribution pipes, which are at least partially exposed in the rooms on both sides of the door are arranged, or in the end sections of the distribution pipes adjacent to these supply lines, one temperature-sensitive each Shut-off device is installed, and

c) each of these shut-off devices, which are closed at normal room temperatures, is set in such a way that in the event of a fire, according to the different heat development in the

Open rooms one after the other on both sides of the door at intervals.

The spray system according to the invention can - even afterwards - the fire resistance of exposed doors made of combustible and non-combustible materials at The outbreak of a fire can be considerably improved in a simple manner, so that, for example, a chimney effect due to destroyed Doors and consequently a rapid spread of fire can be prevented or escape routes can be kept free Firefighters can penetrate into the fire room even after a long fire. The cooling liquid layer (s) advantageously dissipates the amount of heat generated on the door leaf, so that a harmful effect of heat on the respective door and thus a heat distortion of the door leaf, especially also in the case of fire-retardant doors, is prevented. In any case is provided with the spray system according to the invention Doors are guaranteed to be fireproof even if the fire lasts for a relatively long time. The layers of cooling liquid flowing over the door leaf) also ensures that the door leaf emits only a relatively small amount of heat Rescue and fire fighters are only slightly affected, by preventing the door leaf from warping, the cie Spray system according to the invention protected door practically does not jam, so that it can easily be opened if necessary lets open. In particular, doors made of non-flammable materials, e.g. fire-retardant doors, are usually also after

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Extinguishing the fire functional and may only require a new coat of paint. Finally, the spray system according to the invention contributes to the fact that the door so protected is not itself becomes a source of ignition. The spray system is handy for any type of door can be used, and their installation position can be any.

Another important advantage of the invention is that the water pollution of the building in question in the event of a fire and thus the (possibly numerous) spray systems that come into operation, for example in comparison to the ones described above, Glass fiber curtains always sprinkled with water on both sides can be reduced significantly. Initially, only the shut-off device on the side of the door opens, which the fire area is facing, so that only this one side of the door or the door leaf with a flowing layer of coolant is covered. Only when the heat on the door in question is so great that a layer of cooling liquid the resulting amount of heat can no longer dissipate and the door leaf continues to heat up as a result, also opens the one assigned to the opposite side of the door Shut-off element, so that the second side of the door leaf is also subjected to a flow of cooling liquid. The temporal The distance between the triggering of the temperature-sensitive shut-off devices on both sides of the door can, however, depend on

the intensity of the fire, and consequently also the amount of coolant saved.

If, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the in the shut-off device arranged in the room with the higher fire load has a lower trigger temperature than that in the other room Has shut-off device located, the time interval between the opening of the temperature-sensitive shut-off devices can be enlarged on both sides of a door.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, it is expedient If the door is arranged vertically, one distributor pipe is arranged horizontally in the area of the upper edge of the door leaf, whose length corresponds at least to the width of the door leaf.

The distribution pipes can also be connected to form a closed loop (ring line).

To form the flowing coolant layer on the one or both sides of a door leaf, it is also useful if the angle between the axis of the outlet openings or nozzles in the distribution pipes and the vertical is in the range of 45 °.

A structurally simple and functionally reliable design of the temperature-sensitive shut-off devices is characterized by that these each one, e.g. in one of the supply lines

buildable sleeve-shaped base body with laterally sloping Receiving nozzles for holding a temperature-sensitive bursting body, which in a laterally externally open cavity of the bracket between an adjusting screw or the like and an axially displaceable! i mounted, rod-shaped member is clamped, which carries a sealing washer held against a sealing seat in the base body, to normally reduce the flow of coolant through the To lock base body. If, as a result of the outbreak of fire, the ambient temperature reaches the critical temperature of the bursting body increases, this bursts and releases the rod-shaped member including the sealing washer, which due to of the prevailing fluid pressure lifts from the seal seat, so that the fluid flow through the Base body is released to the manifold. The cooling liquid can then through the outlet openings or Nozzles get onto the door leaf and a downwardly flowing layer or film of cooling liquid is attached to it produce. After the end of the fire, the shut-off device can simply be made functional again by one insert a new bursting body between the adjusting screw and the rod-shaped member.

The installation of the bursting body is made easier if the bracket for this is screwed into the receiving socket in a sealed manner.

The bursting body suitably consists of a (in the case of sprinklers) known, alcohol-filled cylindrical Hollow glass body.

Yet another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that when installing the system in a frost-prone Fire compartment with corresponding parts of the supply lines in front of the temperature-sensitive shut-off devices are filled with an anti-freeze, which at the beginning of a frost-proof section by a when a pressure drop occurs in these parts of the supply lines automatically opening shut-off device separated from the cooling water in the supply line is. For filling, renewing or topping up with antifreeze, it is useful if the supply line is on a filler neck with ventilation is installed at the highest point.

If a fire breaks out in a section at risk of frost, the anti-freeze then flows first and then the cooling liquid, usually normal tap water, from the outlet openings or nozzles of the or the distribution pipes.

Main areas of application for the spray system according to the invention are hotels, high-rise office buildings, old people's homes, hospitals, especially rooms for liquid or solid combustible materials, Shelters, buildings in the chemical or petrochemical

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chemical industry, in nuclear power plants, shipbuilding etc..

The invention will then be explained with reference to the drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic oblique view of the spray system according to the invention with a part of a door leaf, provided for a fire section not at risk of frost;

FIG. 2 shows an oblique view similar to FIG. 1, but with a modification for use in a frost-prone area Fire compartment;

3 is a front view of a fire-retardant door with an overhead spray system according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line A - A in FIG. 3; FIG.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a temperature sensitive Shut-off device in the closed state according to the detail Y in Fig. 4 and

6 shows a flow chart to illustrate the heat conditions on a door sealing off a fire area with the spray system in operation and effective on both sides of the door.

In the exemplary embodiments, the spray system is connected with a "fire-retardant" door 10 (fire door) explained, which in the closed state a room I of a Room II separates, with room I being assumed to be a fire room (Fig. 6). If a fire occurs in room I, the heat acting on the door 10 through cooling liquid, Usually cooling water can be derived for the most part. This is done by first working on one and if necessary also on the other side of the door leaf 11 a layer of cooling liquid flowing downward at a constant speed or a film is generated over the entire door leaf surface (s).

The cooling water can in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 under pressure via a feed line 12, a T-distributor 13, further supply lines 14 and distribution pipes 15 on both sides are brought up to the door leaf 11. The manifolds 15 are each horizontally next to the top of the Door leaf 11 arranged in rooms I and II and its length corresponds approximately to the width of the door leaf 11. The distributor pipe 15, which is on the opening side of the door 10 (room II), is arranged correspondingly above the door leaf 11. From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the supply lines 14 in the rooms I and II on both sides of the door 10 are predominantly exposed get lost. In these two supply lines 14 temperature-sensitive shut-off devices 16 are installed in the area of the door 10, from

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one of which is shown in detail in section in FIG. These shut-off devices 16 block the supply lines 14 in the normal state (Idle state) of the spray system. In the sections of the supply lines 14 in front of the shut-off devices 16 and in the supply line 12 is pressurized cooling water, while the supply lines 14 behind the shut-off devices 16 and Manifolds 15 are empty in the normal or idle state, i.e. subject to the pressure of the surrounding room air.

The distribution pipes 15 either have a series of outlet openings or, as shown in the exemplary embodiments, Nozzles 17, through which the cooling water the door panel 11 of can be fed from above on both sides. These distribution pipes 15 are closed at their ends shown on the left in FIG. 3. The distance between the outlet openings or nozzles 17 and their number can depend on the fire load to be expected be determined. In the exemplary embodiment, the angle j3 between the axis of each nozzle 17 and the perpendicular is also 45 °.

In the following, one of the two similar temperature-sensitive Shut-off elements 16 are described in detail with reference to FIG. 5. Each shut-off element 16, which is shown in FIG and 5 are shown in an inclined downwardly hanging installation position, consists essentially of one made of metal sleeve-shaped base body 18 with a screw connection 19

for the connection of one of the supply lines 14 and a laterally inclined receiving socket 20 for the holder 21 of a bursting body 22. The holder 21 is also made of metal, while the bursting body 22 can be a known, alcohol-filled cylindrical hollow glass body (boiling point of the alcohol 65 to 70 ⁰ C). The holder 21 is screwed into the receiving socket 20 with the interposition of a metal seal 23. The bursting body 22 is arranged in a laterally outwardly open cavity 24 of the holder 21. In detail, the bursting body 22 is held clamped in this cavity 24 between an adjusting screw 25 screwed into the free end of the holder 21 and a rod-shaped member 26 which is axially displaceably mounted in the screwed-in end of the holder 21. To securely hold the bursting body 22 at its opposite pointed ends, the adjusting screw 25 and the member 26 are provided with conical centering recesses. By turning the adjusting screw 25 clockwise, the bursting body 22 and the member 26 cause a sealing disk 27 made of an elastomeric material screwed on the inner end of the member 26 to be pressed against a sealing seat 28 in the sleeve-shaped base body 18. In this position of the sealing disk 27 (FIG. 5), the shut-off element 16 is closed and a flow of the cooling water via the respective feed line 14 to the relevant distributor pipe 15 is prevented. In its setting position shown in FIG. 5, the adjusting screw 25 can be locked, for example, by a screw locking device indicated at 29.

The member 26 is either made of metal or it can also be made as a part of plastic together with the sealing washer 27 be made. From Fig. 5 it can also be seen that the portion of the supply line 14 behind the shut-off element 16 in the sleeve-shaped base body 18 is soldered. The supply lines 12, 14 as well as the distribution pipes 15 can, for example, consist of a Made of copper alloy.

If the room temperature rises as a result of a fire in room I (fire room) in the vicinity of the temperature-sensitive shut-off device 16 to the boiling point of the alcohol in the bursting body 22, the latter bursts, so that the support the sealing washer 27 is lifted against the sealing seat 28 is. The pressure of the cooling water on the sealing washer 27 can now lift it off the sealing seat 28, with the member 26 is pushed outward until the sealing washer 27 is indicated in FIG. 5 in dash-dotted lines Has taken a position. This is the flow of the cooling water released by this shut-off element 16 in space I and the cooling water can now flow into the manifold 15 from where the cooling water is supplied from above through the nozzles 17 to the side of the door leaf 11 which faces the room I. A downwardly flowing cooling water layer 30 'is thereby formed on this side of the door leaf 11, thereby dissipating heat partly by evaporation, partly by heat

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uptake of the mass flow is achieved. The cooling water has a constant nozzle outlet _temperature t wiI and absorbs heat as it flows off this side of the door leaf 11, so that the cooling water at the lower edge of the door leaf 11 _{has been heated to the temperature t w2I} (FIG. 4). An improvement in the cooling effect can consequently be brought ^about by increasing the mass flow and / or the temperature difference ^t _w ^{= t} _w 2i ~ ^t w11.

If, as the fire progresses and there is increased heat development in room I (fire room), the above-described one-sided cooling of the door leaf 11 is no longer sufficient and the temperature in the vicinity of the shut-off element 16 in room II also rises to the boiling temperature of the alcohol in the bursting body 22, this also bursts and releases the flow of the cooling water into the relevant distributor pipe 15 so that the side of the door leaf 11 facing the room II is covered with a downwardly flowing layer of cooling water 30 ″. In this case too, the cooling water has a constant nozzle outlet temperature ^t w1II ' ^{and it w} "* ^rcl 'until ^{it has reached the} lower edge of the door leaf 11, heated to the temperature t οττ. By connecting the second distributor pipe 15, the heat dissipation on the door leaf 11 is improved, since a film of cooling water flowing down is now present on both sides. As a result of the time lag between the cooling of both sides of the

Door leaf 11 is the water pollution of the building in the event of fire may be considerably reduced, with the number of doors protected by the spray system according to the invention increasing Fire compartment the advantage is reinforced accordingly.

After the fire fighting is finished, the spray system can simply can thereby be made ready for operation again that in the brackets 21 of the temperature-sensitive shut-off elements 16 new bursting bodies 22 are used and, after the shut-off devices 16 have been closed, the feed lines 12 and 14 in front of the shut-off devices can be pressurized with water again.

If the spray system is in a fire area at risk of frost is to be installed (Fig. 2), is in the supply line 12 when a pressure difference occurs in this line self-opening shut-off device 31, e.g. installed with a tear membrane, in the section of the supply line 12, which is frost-proof. In the frost-prone sections 12 'and 14' of the supply lines behind the shut-off device 31 and in front the shut-off elements 16 are filled with an antifreeze agent. For this purpose, the most accessible point is in the supply section 12 'a filler neck 32 with ventilation intended. The leads 14 behind the temperature-sensitive Shut-off elements 16 and the distribution pipes 15 are, as described above, empty. In the supply line 12 before The shut-off element 31 is pressurized cooling water.

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The shut-off element 31 prevents the cooling water from mixing with the antifreeze when the spray system is idle. If a fire breaks out, a temperature-sensitive shut-off element 16 opens first and, depending on the development of heat, on the door 10 also the second, so that first the antifreeze from the distribution pipes 15 and then the cooling water can flow against the door leaf 11, because as soon as one of the temperature-sensitive shut-off devices 16 opens, is A pressure difference occurs at the shut-off element 31, which opens it, e.g. by destroying the tear membrane Has consequence, whereby the flow is released for the cooling water.

^{The heat dissipation through the cooling water layers 30 l} and 30 ″ which are generated by means of the spray system according to the invention on both sides of the door leaf 11 and flow downwards is illustrated in FIG. 6 with the aid of a flow chart. The following equations apply:

^{= E}

^{= E}

abl ^{+ E} through ^{+ E} verd j ^E through ^{= E} abll ^{+ E} Umg verd ^{+ E} abl ^{+ E} abll ^{+ E} Umg.

It means:

E = the amount of heat generated by the fire

abl = that of the flowing cooling water layer 3 0 'im Room I heat dissipated

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abll = that of the flowing KUhlwasserschicht 30 "im

Room II dissipated amount of heat

the outside of the brai
amount of heat dissipated

y = the outside of the fire area to the environment

^E by ^{= d} ^ ^e amount of heat urging through the door leaf 11 and ^E verd ^{= d} ^ ^e d " ¹ " ⁰ ' ¹ amount of heat extracted from evaporation.

Claims (10)

Patent attorney Richard Fuchs 8700 Würzburg 553 Kantsiraße 13 Georg Herold, 8653 Mainleus patent claims 1. Spray system to improve the fire resistance of doors or the like. In buildings in the event of a fire, in particular of fire-retardant doors, characterized in that a) in the circumferential area of the door leaf (11) opposite its two sides at least one distributor pipe (15) for a cooling liquid with outlet openings and / or nozzles (17) directed towards the door leaf (11) is arranged so that the door leaf (11) on both sides can be covered with a flowing coolant ^{layer (30 1} , 30 "), b) in feed lines (14) for the distribution pipes (15), which in the spaces (I, II) on both sides of the door (10) at least partially are arranged in an exposed manner, or in the end sections of the manifold pipes adjacent to these supply lines, one each temperature-sensitive shut-off element (16) is installed, and c) each of these shut-off devices (16), which are closed at normal room temperatures, is set in such a way that, in the event of a fire, according to the different heat development in the Rooms (I, II) on both sides of the door (10) in time _ ο - Open the gap one after the other. 2. Spray system according to claim 1, characterized in that the arranged in the space (I) with the higher fire load
The shut-off element (16) has a lower release temperature than the shut-off element (16) located in the other room (II). 3. Spray system according to claim 1, characterized in that when the door (10) is arranged vertically, a respective distributor pipe (15) is arranged horizontally in the region of the upper edge of the door leaf, the length of which is at least the width of the door leaf (11)
is equivalent to. 4. Spray system according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that that the manifolds form a closed loop (Ring line) are connected. 5. Spray system according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that that the angle (ß) between the axis of the outlet openings or nozzles (17) in the manifolds 15 and the Perpendicular is in the range of 45 °. 6. Spray system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the shut-off devices (16) each have a sleeve-shaped base that can be built into one of the supply lines (14), for example. body (18) with laterally obliquely led receiving nozzle (20) for the holder (21) of a temperature-sensitive bursting body (22) in a laterally outwardly open cavity (24) of the holder (21) between an adjusting screw (25) or the like. And an axially displaceable, rod-shaped member (26) is clamped, one against a Sealing seat (28) in the base body (18) held sealing washer (27) carries normally to the flow of coolant to be blocked by the base body (18). 7. Spray system according to claim 6, characterized in that the holder (21) for the bursting body (22) in the receiving nozzle (20) is screwed in sealed. 8. Spray system according to claim 6, characterized in that the bursting body (22) consists of a known per se, filled with alcohol cylindrical hollow glass body is made. 9. Spray system according to claim 1, characterized in that when installing the system in a frost-prone fire section (Fig. 2) corresponding parts (12 ¹ , 14 ') of the supply lines in front of the temperature-sensitive shut-off devices (16) are filled with an anti-freeze that is on The beginning of a frost-proof section is separated from the cooling water in the feed line (12) by a shut-off element (31) which opens automatically ^{when a pressure drop occurs in these parts (12 1, 14 ') of the feed lines.} 10. Spray system according to claim 9, characterized in that, for example, for filling, renewing or refilling of antifreeze in the supply line (12 ¹ ) at the highest point, a filler neck (32) with ventilation is installed.