DE3037482A1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING HEAD SIZES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HELMET USING THE DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

L ¹ OPTIQUE SCIENTIFIQUE Paris, France

Device for determining head dimensions and method for manufacturing a helmet using the device

The invention relates to a device for determining head dimensions and in particular a method of making helmets using such devices as the morphological Head shape of the wearer are exactly adapted.

The manufacture of helmets for pilots of fighter aircraft, among other things, has proven to be particularly problematic, as it is essential here is that the helmet fits snugly on the head of the pilot without the latter perceiving the wearing of the helmet as a nuisance.

Gans in general can solve this problem by having the The head dimensions of the wearer of the helmet take exactly, and that you then make the inner lining of the helmet according to the measurements taken. For this purpose, it is known to apply a semi-solid mass directly to the head of the future helmet wearer, which then, after setting, the helmet manufacturer provides an exact replica of the wearer's head shape. This method of taking measures but takes a lot of time, is uncomfortable for the

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hit and often also harmful to health, since during the solidification process gases harmful to the scalp are released into the mass.

According to another known method, only the most important dimensions are taken with the help of a pair of compasses and one tries Then using these few basic dimensions to make an inner lining for a helmet that is roughly the shape of the head of the future carrier. This type of measurement is also time-consuming and only provides poor results.

In order to remedy this, one must free oneself from the traditional methods and create facilities with which simple, The morphological head dimensions of the future wearer of a helmet are included in a cost-saving and time-consuming way With the greatest accuracy and without impairing health, can be taken to the desired with the help of these exact measurements Manufacture helmets.

A device for determining the morphological head dimensions of a wearer for a precisely fitted helmet is according to the invention characterized in that a rigid shell and at least one intended to rest on the head in the forehead area and in the neck area Insert is provided between the shell and the head, the thickness of which is chosen so that a free one between the head and the shell Space is formed that on the shell in this essentially perpendicular to the surface of the shell displaceably arranged Measuring devices are provided which have means for reading off the displacement path, in such a way that a head measuring device is formed is.

According to a further feature of the invention is on both internal Sides of the shell each have a receptacle with a recess which is open towards the interior and perpendicular to the Surface of the shell are movable and limited by parts of the receptacle forming molded parts that the clear width of each recess

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tion is sized to accommodate an ear of the helmet wearer, and that the recordings with respect to the shell to the extent of the dimensions of the respective ear to be enclosed up to the stop of the Molded part are adjustable to the head parts surrounding the ear.

A method for producing a helmet which is precisely adapted to the morphological head dimensions of a wearer using the The device according to the invention is characterized according to the invention by feasible at spatially separate locations Process steps, namely in the presence of the future wearer, transfer of all measuring devices with the exception of one in their outermost ineffective end position, placing the shell on the head, placing the contact surfaces on the corresponding head sections, namely forehead and neck, as well as fixation of the measuring device, which has not been transferred into the ineffective end position, for the purpose of adjustment of the space to be formed between the head and the shell, inserting all measuring devices until they rest on the head and then Determination of each amount by which the movable part of each measuring device has been shifted, also at the manufacturing site Process steps to be carried out, namely production of the head shape in a device for the manufacture of a helmet identical to the dimensions specified by the device for determining the head dimensions, including the moving parts to adjust that of the measuring devices of the device by means of a scale by the same amount as in the case of the measuring devices of the bowl are, these settings by means for locking these measuring means in the predetermined by the sample shell End positions are to be recorded, after which a flexible skin on the ends of the measuring devices for the purpose of replicating the removed Head contours applied and a flowable and solidifiable mass introduced into the space formed between the skin and the basic shape as well as removing the cast part from the mold after it has solidified.

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Further features of the method according to the invention emerge from the subclaims.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to one in the drawing Descriptive embodiment.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a side view, partially in section, of a device for determining head dimensions in Shape of a hood;

Figure 2 is a vertical section through the center plane the hood of Figure 1;

FIG. 3 shows a section along the line III-III from FIG. 2; FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV from FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a side view of one shown in FIG Measuring device;

FIG. 6 shows a vertical section through the center plane of a mold for producing the inner lining a composite hood, similar to the section according to Figure 2;

FIG. 7 shows a section along the line VII-VII from FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 a longitudinal section through a measuring device, with which the mold according to Figures 6 and 7 is equipped;

FIG. 9 shows a side view of the measuring device according to FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 shows a vertical section through the center plane of a manufactured according to the method according to the invention Helmet with the prefabricated molding.

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The hood shown in Figures 1 to 3 is used to remove the head dimensions 1 for the production of an individually made Helmet.

This hood consists of a rigid outer shell 2, which is pulled over the head of the future helmet wearer to take measurements, and a padding resting on the inner wall of the shell, the front edge 3 of which is in contact with the forehead 5 of the helmet wearer, while the rear part 4 rests in the neck.

In the bowl there are also measuring devices perpendicular to the bowl 7, a total of twenty-five, provided evenly distributed over their circumference, as well as two lying in the area of the ears 9, Molded parts 10 having recesses 8, all of which are adjustable in terms of their distance from the shell 2.

The padding 3 and 4 consists of a material that is not compressible or can only be compressed to a small extent, for example plastic. The receptacles 10 containing the recesses 8 are made of the same material; the recesses 8 are intended to receive the ears 9 of the helmet wearer. The receptacles 10 have molded parts 11 which form a support surface in the temple area 12 of the head and also enclose each ear 9. The receptacles 10 each have a pin 13 that is displaceable perpendicular to the shell 2 in a sleeve 14 fixedly arranged on the shell. An externally screw-on cap 15 encloses the free end of the sleeve 14. The screw cap 15 also has a guide groove 18 and with a three arranged on the periphery of the sleeve 14 pin ig purpose of locking the movement of the pin I3 cooperating notches 17. In order to maintain the angular position of the lugs 10 once it has been assumed, each receptacle has a pin 20 which can be displaced in a bore 21 in the shell. The receptacles 10 are, as can be seen, provided on the inside of the shell 2 and they can be moved inward in the direction of the arrows G together with their recesses 8.

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Each of the measuring devices 7 consists of a sleeve 22 fastened vertically in the shell 2 with the aid of a screw 23 the sleeve 22 slides a pin 24 which has a measuring foot 25 at its end facing the shell 2 and at its end outwardly facing end has a thread 26 for receiving a closure 'sleeve 27. The pin 24 also points axially parallel to its longitudinal center axis 29 has a groove 28 which opens radially at its circumference 30. The pin 24 is spring-loaded in the axial direction and the Spring 31 is supported on the one hand on the bottom 32 of the sleeve 22 and on the other hand at a recess 33 of the pin 24, so that the pin under the force of the spring 31 in the direction of arrow F in the interior of the shell is pressed.

A locking pin 34 is also located in the sleeve 22 via a thread 35 screwed in, whose end facing the pin engages in the groove 28, via / a lever 36, the locking pin 34 can be more or less be screwed far into the sleeve 22, until it strikes the bottom of the groove 28, whereby the pin 24 is locked in the sleeve 22.

A scale 38 is also applied to the circumference of each sleeve 22, above which the edge 39 of the cap 27 lies, which has a value C7 for the displacement of the scanning measuring device 7 indicates.

For taking measurements, such a shell 2 is placed on the head of the future Helmet wearer put on, for example, of three equally equipped sample shells of different sizes from the start the one that comes closest to the head size to be measured is selected. In this selection of the sample shell 2 is also note that sections 3 and 4 of the padding and the receptacles 10 on the associated headboards 5, 6 and 12 of the future Bear, and that one of the measuring devices, namely 7a, is already in contact with the rear part of the head. Now will be the pins 13 set so that the molded parts 11 of the receptacles in the region of the temples 12 of the head, the

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Ears 9 lie in the recesses 8 at the same time. Now the Pins 19 engaged in the notches 17 assigned to them.

A free space 41 is now created between the head 1 and the inner wall 40 of the shell 2. The pins 24 of the measuring devices, with the exception of the pin of the measuring device 7a, which is already attached, are opposed before the bowl is placed on the head have been pulled out and fixed to the arrows, and are now released via the lever 36 so that each pin is below the force of the associated spring 31 is moved inward again in the direction of arrows F until the measuring feet 25 each rest on the head. The pins 24 are now set again and, after the locking position of the pin 19 in the groove 17 has been established has, the pin 19 is pulled out of the groove and the receptacles 10 are pulled away from the head 1 outwards to the ears to expose so that the shell 2 can be removed from the head. The wearer of the helmet has to determine the morphological Head dimensions, which is also very quick, nothing to stand, especially no annoying side effects, such as gas development, appear.

It is also advantageous that at the location of the measurement only the three sample sizes of the bowls need to be available.

After removing the shell 2, which forms a measuring model with the devices provided on it, all measuring devices read the values of C7 on the scale and for each individual measuring device in a corresponding table according to the following Example recorded, for example

Number of the measuring device value C7 on the scale

7/1 C7 / 1

7/2 C7 / 2

7/3 C7 / 3

etc. etc.

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The table mentioned is sent to the manufacturer of the helmet. The manufacturer has three reproducing the sample bowls identically Means 42 for producing a casting model. Each of these devices has a mold 43, the inner surface of which 44 of the inner surface 40 of the shell 2 is modeled. The device 42 further includes held by means of screws 46 Molded parts 45, which correspond to the shaping of at least the space occupied by the receptacles 10 in the shell 2 Allow recess. The molded parts are made of a solid plastic that facilitates removal from the mold, for example made of the plastic known under the trademark "Silastene".

The mold 43 has measuring devices which are adjustable with respect to the shape 47 on. These are each located at points corresponding to the measuring devices 7 and 7 a in the shell 2. the Measuring devices can in the interior of the mold receptacle with respect to the wall 44 of the mold around the measuring devices 7 and 7a set values can be adjusted.

Each measuring device 47 consists of one on the mold 43 with one Screw 49 fastened sleeve 48 and a longitudinally displaceable pin 50 in the sleeve. Each pin 50 has an internal thread 52 of the sleeve in operative connection external thread 51. The outer free end of the pin also has an external thread 54 for receiving a closure cap 55, which is secured against rotation with respect to the pin 50 by a locking pin 56.

A longitudinally applied on the sleeve 48 scale 57, the The beginning coincides with the edge of the closure cap 55, indicates in each case the amount D by which the pin 50 over the inner surface 44 protrudes from the form and which is equal to the amount C7 on the scale of the cup-mounted measuring device 7, the pin 24 of which is in each case with the foot 25 protrudes with respect to the inner wall 40 of the shell.

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The mold 43 also has a skin 59 in the form of a liner made of a resilient material so that it can be applied to the free ends of the measuring devices 47, the But lining has sufficient rigidity that prevents the lying between the individual measuring devices. Surfaces bend.

The device 42 also includes an air chamber 61 with a filling valve 62 and a mold cover 63 which is movably attached to the mold via screws 64. A Materialeinfüllöffnung 65 is provided in the lid 63, passes the in a ¹ below the forming member 45 forming chamber.

A casting device, consisting of a mold frame 42 and a mold 43, has a lining 59 in one embodiment Cut a 10 mm thick sheet of the aforementioned plastic. This lining allows the gas pressure in the air chamber 61 are brought to 1 kg / cm, so that the surface 60 of the lining well at the free ends 53 of the measuring devices 47 for Edition is coming. Of course, other substances are also suitable for the intended purpose; Thickness and pressure can also be

2 preferably vary in the range between 5 and 15 mm and 0.5 to 2 kg / cm.

The substances used are mostly silicone plastics, which are well known facilitate easy removal from the mold.

The manufacturer of the helmet will use the from the table removable fourth C7, which indicate the respective shift amount of the measuring devices 7 and 7a, the amounts are set, around which the measuring devices 47 are to be adjusted so that they correspond to the values taken from the other measuring devices. The adjustment is made by turning the respective pin 50 in the associated sleeve 48. Now the flexible (or semi-rigid) lining 59 inserted as well as the air chamber 61. The

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Lid 63 is attached to mold 43 and the air chamber becomes filled to the specified pressure.

A solidifiable mass 66, which, however, remains flexible, for example expanded polyurethane, filled in (see FIG. 6). The mass 66 fills the entire space formed between the surface 60 and the liner 59 and the inner surface 44 of the mold 43, so that a molded part 67 arises, the dimensions of which correspond exactly to the space formed between the head 1 and the inner surface 40 of the shell 2 41 corresponds, because the surface 40 of the shell 2 and the surface of the mold 43 coincide and that of the surface 68 of the skin 59 assumed shape corresponds to the measured head shape. The substantially convese or concave surface 68 and 69 of the part 67, respectively thus corresponds exactly with the inner surface 40 of the shell 2 and consequently with the head 1 of the future wearer, for which the end product is intended for. It should also be noted that the gases developing during the pouring process are purely production-related are; but since the production is not in the presence of the later wearer occurs, the gases cannot have any detrimental effect.

After being removed from the mold, the part 67 retains what it was once ingested Shape and its dimensions, but has openings wherever the pins of the measuring devices 47 passed which, however, are meaningless for the intended purpose.

The end product, namely a helmet, is produced in a manner known per se, see FIG of the helmet, which is generally rigid, has an inner surface 72, the configuration of which corresponds to the surface 40 of the shell 2. The molded part 67 can now be inserted into the shell 71 without further processing, with its convex surface 68 rests firmly against the inner surface 72 of the shell 71. On the inside

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surface of the helmet, a thin foam layer 73 is also applied to the concave surface 69 of the molded part 67 and finally, a leather lining 74 as a closure facing the head.

The concave surface 76 of the leather lining 74 closes, of course also the head shape, the molded part 67, which is solid in its overall shape, but somewhat in the material can yield, and the foam layer 73 is slightly compressed will. A bumper band 77 forms the end of the helmet, which in contrast to the padding 3, 4 of the shell 2 is very soft is. It is used exclusively to reduce the noise of the helmet. The ear cups 78 are now introduced into the helmet as well the screens 79, which are located in a recess 80 provided for this purpose in the front head part of the helmet.

Adhesive films 81, 82 and 83 increase the strength of the connection between molded part 62 and shell 71, between foam insert 73 on molded piece 67 and between the leather lining 74 and the Foam layer.

The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment, but also includes all of the inventive concept Making use of variants.

It should be emphasized in this context, that both work processes, namely measuring and manufacturing of the end product can take place in spatially separate locations that but this is not mandatory according to the invention.

In the exemplary embodiment described, the molded part 67 only forms part of the interior equipment of the helmet, but it is possible to design the molded part 67 itself as a helmet for other purposes, with the shell 71 and molded part 67 in one piece would be produced.

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The measuring devices 7 and 7a of the "measuring device" and 47 of the 3ießvorriehtung are adjusted by mechanical means. the Electrically controlling movement of the pins of the measuring devices would also be possible according to the invention, in which case the values C7 could be recorded automatically.

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Claims (1)

H 3220 Cas 14 S L «OPTIQUE SCIENTIFIQUE vtE'NKä-SPOTT Paris, France ^: ;:> i £! MERSTR. 2Ü9
; 0 MUNICH 40 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Device for determining morphological head dimensions, in particular for the manufacture of helmets, characterized in that a rigid shell (2) and at least one insert (3, 4) intended to rest in the forehead area and in the neck area on the head (1) is provided between the shell and the head, the thickness of which is selected in this way is that between the head and the shell a free space (41) is formed that on the shell in this substantially Measuring devices (7a, 7) arranged displaceably perpendicular to the surface of the shell are provided which Have means for reading the displacement path, such that a head measuring device is formed. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on both inner sides the shell (2) is each provided with a receptacle (10) with a recess (8) which is open towards the interior and which movable perpendicular to the surface of the shell and limited by molded parts (10, 11) forming parts of the receptacle are that the inside width of each recess (8) is dimensioned to accommodate an ear (9) of the helmet wearer, and that the recordings with respect to the shell (2) to the extent of the dimensions of the respective ear (9) to be enclosed for stopping the molded part (11) on the one surrounding the ear Head sections are adjustable. 130Ö16 / 0910 _ ₂ _ Method for producing a morphological head size adapted helmet using the device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by feasible at spatially separate locations Process steps, namely in the presence of the future carrier, transfer of all measuring devices (7) with the exception one (7a) in its outermost ineffective end position, placing the shell (2) on the head (1), placing the bearing surfaces (3, 4) on the corresponding head parts, namely forehead and neck, as well as fixation of the not in the Ineffective end position transferred measuring device (7a) for the purpose of setting the between head and shell (2) to be formed Room (41), inserting all measuring devices (7) until they rest on the head and then determining each amount, by which the movable part (24) of each measuring device was displaced, furthermore method steps to be carried out at the manufacturing site, namely manufacturing the shape of the head in a device (42) for the manufacture of a helmet identical to that used by the device for determining the head dimensions predetermined dimensions, including the moving parts of the measuring devices (47) of the device to be adjusted by means of a scale by the same amount as with the measuring devices (7, 7a) of the shell (2) these adjustments by means for locking (156) these measuring means in the of the sample cup predetermined end positions are to be held, after which a flexible skin (59) on the ends of the measuring devices for the purpose Machformation of the removed head contours applied and a flowable and solidifiable mass (66) in the between Skin (59) and basic shape formed space is introduced, as well as removal of the cast part after its solidification out of form. -3- 130018/0910 4. The method according to claim 3 »characterized in that in addition the device according to Claim 2 applies, and that after placing the measuring hood on the head, but before placing the Deposit or all deposits on the head and before putting the measuring device into its inoperative position (7a) the measuring hood with respect to the head, in particular with respect to the seat of the recesses (8) over the ears (9) is positioned exactly, and that the respective contact surfaces in the area of the ears (11) for support be brought, as well as all other surfaces to be brought to rest, and that before the introduction of the casting compound (66) in the form (43) for the later inclusion of headphones of a radio link corresponding molded body are introduced, the dimensions and installation location at least with those of the recordings (8, 10) for the ears in the Shell (2) match. 5. The method according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized by the use of expanding Polyurethane as a mass (66) for the production of the inner wall of the helmet. 6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the laying of the flexible Skin (59) on the free ends of the measuring devices (7, 7a) in the production form by introducing a support serving inflatable membrane (61) takes place on the side facing away from the free ends of the measuring devices. 7- method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized by using a plastic film made of silicone plastic with a thickness between 5 and 15 mm as flexible skin (59). 130016/0910 8. The method according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that with a gas pressure in the 2 air chambers (61) between 0.5 and 2 kg / cm are worked, 9. The method according to one or more of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that at one in a manner known per se consisting of a rigid outer shell and an inserted inner lining helmet a molded part (67) produced according to the invention * is used as the inner lining, the inner wall the production form reproduces the inner wall of the shell (2) of the helmet, so that the molded part to a later Time can be applied to the inner surface of the shell of the helmet. * en procedure 130016/0918