DE3009838A1 - PULSE GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A pulse generator, particularly for generating cattle-fence pulses, a) comprising a pulse transformer to the primary winding (W1 ) of which an electric charging capacitor (C1 ) and to the secondary winding (W2 ) of which an electric capacitor (Cz ; C2 + Cz ), for example an electrified fence which has an electric capacity, are connected, the electric capacity of the charging capacitor (C1 ) being considerably greater than the electric capacity of the capacitor (Cz ; C2 + Cz ) connected to the secondary side, the charging capacitor (C1 ) being constantly connected to a charging circuit (G1 ; G2 ) and, in the parallel circuit of charging capacitor (C1 ) and primary winding (W1 ) of the pulse transformer, a thyristor (Th), which is controlled by means of a pulse timer (T) for firing in a previously determined sequence in time, or a transistor which is provided with an external control arrangement, being inserted as a switch for generating an oscillation ; b) by corresponding development of the circuit arrangement and its electric components in the equivalent circuit, the inductance (L) and the leakage inductance (Ls) of the pulse transformer forming a coupled series- and parallel-tuned circuit with the capacities of the electric capacitors connected to the primary and secondary side of the pulse transformer, the series-tuned circuit of which coupled series-and parallel-tuned circuit contains the leakage inductance (Ls), the capacity which is effective at the secondary side, and resistive impedances, the electric values of which are given by the electric magnitudes of the pulse transformer and of the connected capacitors (C1 , C2 , Cz ), in which arrangement the closing of the switch in the parallel circuit of charging capacitor (C1 ) and primary winding (W1 ) of the pulse transformer and the discharge current which thus begins to flow are also accompanied by a transient event with a first sinusoidal transient current which flows via the series-tuned circuit and the switch and the frequency of which is determined by the leakage inductance (Ls) and the electric capacity which is effective in the series-tuned circuit and the damping of which is determined by the resistive impedances which are effective at the series-tuned circuit and, for the purpose of opening the parallel circuit consisting of charging capacitor (C1 ) and primary winding (W1 ) of the pulse transformer c.a) during operation without bypassing energy in the secondary circuit the transient event is used, in order to prevent energy losses, for cutting off the thyristor (Th) or transistor, with the charging capacitor (C1 ) being only partially discharged, whereas c.b) during operation including bypassing of energy in the secondary circuit, an increased damping, produced by adding a resistance (Rz ) of previously determined limit size on the secondary side, and the consequent adequate suppression of the negative half-wave (between pi 1 and 2pi 1 ) of the transient current is used for stopping the cutting-off of the thyristor or transistor by means of the transient event until the charging capacitor (C1 ) has been completely discharged, characterised in that the thyristor (Th) turn-off time and the pulse timer (T) firing pulse width or the phase relationships, which are analogous to the thyristor turn-off time and to the firing pulse width, of the signals supplied by the external-control arrangement to the transistor, are tuned to the electric values, determining the frequency of the transient event, of leakage inductance (Ls), capacity effective on the secondary side and resistive series impedance (R), in order to meet the following conditions : - that the triggering firing pulse, which makes the thyristor (Th) or transistor conductive, is shorter than the first positive half-wave (between O and pi 1 ) of the sinusoidal transient current, - that the thyristor or transistor, during a fully formed negative half-wave (between pi 1 and 2pi 1) of the sinusoidal transient current is cut off for the duration of this half-wave and - that, with the presence of a damping of previously determined magnitude in the series-tuned circuit, the negative half-wave (between pi 1 and 2pi 1 ), caused by this and at least partially suppressed, of the sinusoidal transient current is insufficient for the thyristor (Th) or transistor to be cut off or held in a cut-off state.

Description

Dlpl.-Phye. Heinrich Seids · Patent Attorney · Bieretadter Höhe IS · PO Box 5105 ■ 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · © (06121) 562022

-H-

Wiesbaden, March 12, 1980 H 531 S / rd

horizont gerätewerk GmbH Homburger Weg 4-6
3540 Korbach T

Pulse generator

The invention relates to a pulse generator, in particular for the generation of electric fence pulses, with a pulse transformer, whose inductances and leakage inductances with an electrical connected on the primary side Charging capacitor and a secondary side connected capacitor, for example the fence capacity, one coupled series and parallel resonant circuit forms, whereby in the parallel circuit of the primary winding of the pulse transformer and charging capacitor by means of a pulse timer for ignition at a predetermined time A sequence controlled thyristor or a transistor provided with external control is used as a switch and the charging capacitor constantly connected to a charging circuit and

1300 39 / CU U

Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids. Patent attorney Bierstadter Höhe 15 P.O. Box 5105 6200 Wiesbaden 1 GP (06121) 562022

the capacity of the charging capacitor is much greater than is the capacitance of the capacitor connected on the secondary side.

In the case of pulse generators of this type, the one to be generated and, for example, to be placed on an electric fence Impulse caused by the onset of the closing of the parallel circuit of the primary winding and the charging capacitor caused electrical oscillation and transforming this oscillation to high voltage in the pulse transformer. The known devices of this type are dimensioned so that the thyristor with the negative half-wave that oscillation is blocked, which is determined by the parallel inductance in the coupled Series and parallel resonant circuit and the capacity of the charging capacitor. This means that the thyristor is through the negative half-wave of the current of the second periodic oscillation, i.e. the main oscillation, is blocked. Since, however, in the coupled series and parallel resonant circuit, the voltage of the oscillation corresponds to the current of the oscillation by - ~ - is at the moment of blocking of the thyristor the charging capacitor is already charged with the opposite polarity than originally charged. He must therefore discharged from the power source for the next pulse and charged with reversed polarity.

130039/0414

Dlpl.-Phys. Heinrich Silk · Patent Attorney ■ Bier & tadter Höhe 15 · PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · G? (06121) 562022

In DE-OS 27 33 1 ^ 5 it has already been proposed that Switching element in the primary circuit, i.e. the parallel circuit of the charging capacitor and the primary winding of the pulse transformer then open when the series capacitance is close to or near the upper peak value of the transient voltage of which is charged. In practice, however, it has been found that this type of control is very important for the switching element sensitive and difficult to execute.

In contrast, the object of the invention is to create an improved circuit arrangement in which the switching element in the parallel circuit of the charging capacitor and primary winding of the pulse transformer safely to a predeterminable, reproducible time is blocked or "this parallel circuit opens as soon as there is enough energy for a desired pulse, for example a pulse to be placed on an electric fence, taken from the charging capacitor has been.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the thyristor with regard to its release time and the pulse timer of the thyristor with regard to the width of the ignition pulse or the free time of the thyristor and the width de; Ignition pulse analog phase positions from the remote control element signals given to the transistor in such a way as to those caused by the electrical variables of the pulse transformer and the connected capacitors in the coupled series-parallel resonant circuit and the first sinusoidal Current that occurs when the parallel circuit is closed

130039/0414

Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids. Patent Attorney · Bientadter Höhe IS · PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · G? (06121) 562022

of the charging capacitor and primary winding of the pulse transformer occurs, determining electrical values of leakage inductance, capacitance effective on the secondary side and ohmic series resistance are matched so that the first negative half-wave (between TT ₁ and 2TT ₁ ) of the sinusoidal current blocks the thyristor or the transistor and the The triggering ignition pulse that makes the thyristor or the transistor conductive is shorter than the first positive half-wave (between 0 UDdTT ₁ ) of this sinusoidal current, but this coordination is made in such a way that a damping caused by switching on a previously established secondary-side resistor results in the negative Half-wave (ZWiSChCnTr ₁ and 2TT ₁ ) of the first sinusoidal oscillation suppresses the negative half-wave sufficiently that it no longer blocks the thyristor or the transistor.

The invention brings about two essential advantages: avoidance of losses and increase of the frightening effect on electric fences. Both effects represent significant improvements in electric fence technology,

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, parallel to the secondary winding of the pulse transformer a fixed capacitor must be connected, which is parallel to the fence capacitance, with one or in both connecting lines between this fixed

130039 / (KU

Dipl.-Phy «. Heinrich Seid «· Patent attorney ■ Bierstadter Höhe 15 . P.O. Box 5105 6200 Wiesbaden 1 & (06121) 56202Z

Capacitor and the fence capacity one or more diodes are switched on.

When using a transistor as a switch, the external control of the transistor with devices for tuning down to the length or capacity of the electric fence.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a basic circuit of the pulse generator according to the invention, which alternatively consists of a

DC voltage source or an AC voltage wave is stored; FIG. 2 shows the pulse generator according to FIG. 1 with the equivalent equivalent circuit diagram of its pulse transformer;

Fig. 3 shows a modified embodiment of the pulse generator according to Figure 1, in which the Electric fence coupled via a diode and a fixed capacitor in parallel with the secondary.

winding of the pulse transformer is placed

and

130039/0414

Dlpl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids. Patent attorney · Bierstadter Höhe 15 ■ PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · 5? (06121) 562023

4 shows the basic course over time

■ the current through the thyristor during a pulse process in devices after the State of the art.

In the illustration of FIG. 1, W ₁ and W _{2 are} the primary winding and the secondary winding of a pulse transformer T _r with the associated inductances L ₁ and L ₂ . L ₁ and L _ are the respective leakage inductances which usually amount to a few percent of the respective main inductance. R ₁ and R ₂ are the ohmic winding and line resistances. C is a - preferably large - charging capacitor which - as shown, is connected to the primary winding W ₁ via the thyristor Th. The charging capacitor C ₁ is charged to a voltage U ₁ via an upstream diode D ₁ from a DC voltage source, which can be, for example, a DC-DC converter G or an AC voltage source G ₁ equipped with a rectifier.

In parallel with the secondary winding of the pulse transformer Tr, a capacitance C is connected, which should preferably represent the capacitance of a fence wire with respect to the ground. However, this capacitance C can also be a fixed capacitor or the like in another application. R ₂ , is an ohmic resistor, which is e.g.

130039 / 04U

Dlpl.-Phys. Heinrich Selds · Patent Attorney · Bierstadter Höhe 15 · PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · Q? (06121) 562022

- 10 -

is switched when an animal touches the fence wire, whereby Energy is consumed via this resistance (or animal body).

T is a known pulse timer, which is preferably set at intervals of approx. 1 sec. until 2 see. a short Zühdimpuls on the grid of the thyristor Th and makes it conductive, the timer preferably directly is fed from the respective voltage source.

FIG. 2 shows the electrical operating diagram which corresponds to the pulse generator according to FIG. L is the equivalent Equivalent inductance of the pulse transformer,

L is the equivalent inductance of the leakage inductance and s

R is the equivalent resistance. The pulse transformer usually has a transmission ratio, where W2 is greater than W ₁ . All the major figures in the equivalent circuit diagram are either to be related to the primary side or to the secondary side.

The charging capacitor C is charged _{to the voltage U 1.} An ignition pulse makes the thyristor Th conductive. As a result, the charging capacitor C _{1 is switched} to the pulse transformer. The equivalent inductance L is large compared to the equivalent leakage inductance L_, so that the impedance of the path L, "R, C is significantly smaller than that of the path

130039 / CUU

Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids. Patent attorney · Blerstadter Höhe 15 · P.O. Box 5105 · 6200 WIe * Baden 1 · ® (06121) 562022

- 11 -

about L is. As FIG. 4 shows, a damped sinusoidal current flows first, which is determined by the circular size of the first segment, and a circular frequency of κΰ. Has. Because of the small values of L ₃ compared to L and C compared to C ₁ , the frequency of this first oscillation is high. After this oscillation, known as the transient process, the current changes into a second oscillation, which is determined by the capacitance of the charging capacitor C ₁ , the equivalent inductance L of the pulse transformer and the equivalent resistance R. The angular frequency y3p of this second oscillation is therefore much smaller than the angular frequency o3 ·, the first oscillation.

Before the thyristor Th becomes conductive, a certain amount of electrical energy is stored _{in the charging capacitor C 1 (1/2 C 1} · Uj ² ). If the thyristor Th is ignited and only blocked from the time "ΤΓ2, as is done according to the prior art, then the energy oscillates between the charging capacitor C ₁ and the equivalent inductance L of the pulse transformer. The charging capacitor C ₁ is fully discharged, and in the Inductance L, equivalent magnetic energy (.1 / 2 LI) is built up, which in turn flows back as capacitive energy to the charging capacitor C ₁ - but with reversed polarity. At time TT ₂ , the charging capacitor - less the losses - has reversed polarity

130039 / CUU

Dlpl.-Phy ». Heinrich Silk ■ Patent Attorney · Blerstadter Höhe 15 · PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · © (06121) 562022

- 12 -

recharged. The current through the thyristor Th is now negative and the thyristor blocks. Because the polarity of the energy in the charging capacitor C. is now reversed, the diode D _{1 is} now conducting, and the energy flows off and is balanced in the upstream power supply, for example in the network. The energy is lost, it does not come back. The charging capacitor C ₁ must now be recharged. This process is repeated.

With a well insulated fence - if only the fence capacity C

is switched on - only a small part of the energy (in R) is used in the pulse generator and in the connected fence. The main part of the energy is lost through the reversal of polarity and the resulting discharge of the charging capacitor C ₁ via the power supply.

If a fence leakage resistor R (for example animal contact) is switched on, the energy flows out of the charging capacitor C ₁ depending on the size of the resistor R.

ι ζ

wholly or partially directly into this consumer and is implemented here in a beneficial way (for example in a frightening effect). This process has already expired at time "TT ₂ ". No or only a few come

130039 / 04U

Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids · Patent Attorney · Bierstadler Höhe 15 ■ P.O. Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · <& "(06121) 562022

- 13 Energy returned to the charging capacitor C.

As a rule, an electric fence is well insulated. Animal contact only rarely takes place and has therefore no noticeable influence on the overall energy balance of the energizer.

The energy taken from the power source per pulse is to be written off as energy loss in conventional devices. In the case of devices operated from the electrical supply network, this is acceptable because this amount of energy is very low even with powerful devices. But this waste of energy becomes important for devices powered by batteries, the proportion of which is as much as 80% in practice. These devices are made from Special dry batteries operated, which are relatively expensive. As stated above, this becomes expensive energy practically completely converted into pure energy loss.

A fundamental remedy is provided according to the invention, when the thyristor is already locked with the negative half-wave of the first sinusoidal oscillation (Ti ₁ to 2TTi) - Up to this time is drained only so much energy from the charging capacitor C ₁ as needed to charge the fence capacity C_. the

1 30039 / ΟΛ14

Dlpl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids Patent Attorney Bierstadter Höhe 15 PO Box 5105 6200 Wiesbaden 1 © (06121) 562022

- 14 -

As a rule, fence capacitance C is small compared to the capacitance of the charging capacitor C ₁ , so that the main part of the energy remains unchanged in the charging capacitor C.

According to the invention, the values of the leakage inductance L ₀ , the equivalent resistance R and the capacitance on the secondary side, i.e. the fence capacitance C "or a _{fixed capacitor C 2> connected in parallel to the secondary winding W 2 of} the pulse transformer, and the release time of the thyristor Th are selected so that the thyristor through the negative half-wave of the first oscillation (TT ₁ to 2TT-) is blocked. However, the ignition pulse must already have _{expired at'T 1} so that the ignition pulse does not keep the thyristor open. The discharge process of the charging capacitor C ₁ is interrupted again. Only as much energy is then taken from the charging capacitor C ₁ as is necessary to charge the capacitance on the secondary side, be it a parallel-connected fixed capacitor C ₀ or the fence capacitance C. The energy released by the charging capacitor C ₁ is supplied from the upstream energy source.

In the event of animal contact, a leakage resistor R _{z is switched on in} parallel with the fence capacity C. This leads to strong damping of the first oscillation, where

130039 / OAH

Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Seids ■ Patent attorney · Bierstadter Höhe 15 · PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · $? (06121) 562022

- 15 -

the second half-wave of the first oscillation between "Π". and 2 "TT _{1 is} much smaller or no longer appears. The thyristor Th is now no longer blocked. Pie energy of the charging capacitor C is now fully discharged via the connected resistor R or the animal body, with this energy or part of it creates a pain effect through muscle contraction.

. With dor ob <; n explained according to the invention and the structure of the circuit arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the charge given to the fence capacitance C_ is normally discharged again via the upstream inductance, so that this amount of energy is also lost. Should the fence capacity C take on a considerable value in the case of very long electric fences, then in a modification shown in FIG. 3 by Zuüchn] do »·; oi.net · Diode Ti, which prevents this energy from flowing back. There is then practically no loss of energy here. In this case, however, it is necessary to provide a fixed capacitor C ~ so that the first sinusoidal oscillation can develop. This fixed capacitor Cp can be kept small in its capacitance compared to the capacitance of the charging capacitor C ₁ , so that the losses caused by

1 30 03 9 / ΟΛ 1 4

Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Silk. Patent attorney · Bierstadter Höhe IS. P.O. Box 5105 6200 Wiesbaden 1 S? (06121) 562022

- 16 -

this fixed capacitor C _{2 are} inevitable, to be kept small '.

Claims (3)

PATENT ADVOCATE DIPL.-PHYS. HEINRICH SEIDS 62 Wiesbaden · Bierstadter Höhe 15 · Postfath 12068 · Telephone (06121) 565382 Postedieck Frankfurt / Main 1810 Od - 602 · Bank Deutsche Bank 395 63 72 · Nass, Sparkasse 108 00 30 65 horizont gerätewerk GmbH Wiesbaden, March 12, 1980 H 531 S / rd Claims [iy pulse generator, especially for generating electric fence pulses, with a pulse transformer, its inductances and leakage inductances with a electrical charging capacitor connected on the primary side and an electrical capacitor connected on the secondary side, for example a fence capacitance, form a coupled series and parallel resonant circuit, wherein in the parallel circuit of the primary winding of the pulse transformer and Charging capacitor a thyristor controlled by means of a pulse timer for ignition in a predetermined time sequence or a thyristor provided with external control The transistor is used as a switch and the charging capacitor is constantly connected to a charging circuit and the capacity of the charging capacitor is significantly greater than the capacity of the one connected on the secondary side Capacitor is, characterized in that the thyristor (Th) with respect to its release time and the pulse timer (T) with respect to 130039/0414 Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Scids. Patent Attorney · Bierstadter Höhe 15 · Postfadi 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 · S? (06121) 562022 ^ ^ ■■ - the width of the ignition pulse or, the release time of the thyristor and the width of the ignition pulse analog phase positions of the signals given by the remote control element to the transistor in such a way to the electrical parameters of the pulse transformer and the connected capacitors (C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₂ ) in coupled series-parallel circuit and the first sinusoidal current that occurs when the parallel circuit of charging capacitor (C ₁ ) and primary winding (W-) of the pulse transformer is closed, certain electrical values of leakage inductance (L_), capacitance effective on the secondary side (C) and ohm ' Schem series resistance (R) are matched so that the first negative half-wave (between TTi and 2TT ₁ ) of the sinusoidal current blocks the thyristor (Th) or the transistor and the triggering pulse that made the thyristor (Th) or the transistor conductive is shorter than the first positive half-wave (between 0 and TT ^) of this sinusoidal current, with jedoc h this coordination is made in such a way that a damping caused by the connection of a previously determined secondary-side resistor (R ") _{suppresses the negative half-wave (between !!". and 2 7T 1} ) of the current of the first sinusoidal oscillation sufficiently that the thyristor (Th) or the transistor no longer blocks. 130039/0414 Dipl.-Phys. Heinrich Seid «■ Patent attorney · Bierstadter Höhe 15 · PO Box 5105 · 6200 Wiesbaden 1 ■ $? (06121) 562022 2) Pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that parallel to the secondary winding (Wg) of the pulse transformer () a fixed electrical capacitor (C ₂ ) is connected, which is parallel to the Zaunkapazitat (C_), with one or both connecting lines between this Capacitor (Cg) and the fence capacity (C ") one or more diodes are connected. 3) pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the external control of a transistor used as a switch contains means for tuning to the length or capacity (C ₂ ) of a connected electric fence. 130039 / (KU